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Anbalagan GK, Agarwal P, Ghosh SK. Evidence of 14-3-3 proteins contributing to kinetochore integrity and chromosome congression during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261928. [PMID: 38988319 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of proteins are conserved across eukaryotes and serve myriad important regulatory functions in the cell. Homo- and hetero-dimers of these proteins mainly recognize their ligands via conserved motifs to modulate the localization and functions of those effector ligands. In most of the genetic backgrounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, disruption of both 14-3-3 homologs (Bmh1 and Bmh2) are either lethal or cells survive with severe growth defects, including gross chromosomal missegregation and prolonged cell cycle arrest. To elucidate their contributions to chromosome segregation, in this work, we investigated their centromere- and kinetochore-related functions of Bmh1 and Bmh2. Analysis of appropriate deletion mutants shows that Bmh isoforms have cumulative and non-shared isoform-specific contributions in maintaining the proper integrity of the kinetochore ensemble. Consequently, Bmh mutant cells exhibited perturbations in kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) dynamics, characterized by kinetochore declustering, mis-localization of kinetochore proteins and Mad2-mediated transient G2/M arrest. These defects also caused an asynchronous chromosome congression in bmh mutants during metaphase. In summary, this report advances the knowledge on contributions of budding yeast 14-3-3 proteins in chromosome segregation by demonstrating their roles in kinetochore integrity and chromosome congression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakhar Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, 400 076, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, 400 076, India
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2
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Pasqualotto BA, Nelson A, Deheshi S, Sheldon CA, Vogl AW, Rintoul GL. Impaired mitochondrial morphological plasticity and failure of mitophagy associated with the G11778A mutation of LHON. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 721:150119. [PMID: 38768545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics were examined in human dermal fibroblasts biopsied from a confirmed Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) patient with a homoplasmic G11778A mutation of the mitochondrial genome. Expression of the G11778A mutation did not impart any discernible difference in mitochondrial network morphology using widefield fluorescence microscopy. However, at the ultrastructural level, cells expressing this mutation exhibited an impairment of mitochondrial morphological plasticity when forced to utilize oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by transition to glucose-free, galactose-containing media. LHON fibroblasts also displayed a transient increase in mitophagy upon transition to galactose media. These results provide new insights into the consequences of the G11778A mutation of LHON and the pathological mechanisms underlying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Pasqualotto
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, and the Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Alexa Nelson
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, and the Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Samineh Deheshi
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, and the Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Claire A Sheldon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Wayne Vogl
- Life Sciences Institute and the Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gordon L Rintoul
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, and the Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
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3
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Sundara Rajan S, Ebegboni VJ, Pichling P, Ludwig KR, Jones TL, Chari R, Tran A, Kruhlak MJ, Loncarek J, Caplen NJ. Endogenous EWSR1 Exists in Two Visual Modalities That Reflect Its Associations with Nucleic Acids and Concentration at Sites of Active Transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:103-122. [PMID: 38506112 PMCID: PMC10986767 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2024.2315425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
EWSR1 is a member of the FET family of nucleic acid binding proteins that includes FUS and TAF15. Here, we report the systematic analysis of endogenous EWSR1's cellular organization in human cells. We demonstrate that EWSR1, which contains low complexity and nucleic acid binding domains, is present in cells in faster and slower-recovering fractions, indicative of a protein undergoing both rapid exchange and longer-term interactions. The employment of complementary high-resolution imaging approaches shows EWSR1 exists in two visual modalities, a distributed state which is present throughout the nucleoplasm, and a concentrated state consistent with the formation of foci. Both EWSR1 visual modalities localize with nascent RNA. EWSR1 foci concentrate in regions of euchromatin, adjacent to protein markers of transcriptional activation, and significantly colocalize with phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. Our results contribute to bridging the gap between our understanding of the biophysical and biochemical properties of FET proteins, including EWSR1, their functions as transcriptional regulators, and the participation of these proteins in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vernon J. Ebegboni
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricio Pichling
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tamara L. Jones
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andy Tran
- CCR Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- CCR Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Centrosome Biology Section, Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha J. Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Soltisz AM, Veeraraghavan R. Improving Spatial Analysis of Fluorescence Microscopy Images using Point Process Analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2096-2098. [PMID: 37612995 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Soltisz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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5
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Soltisz AM, Veeraraghavan R. A Point Process Analysis Framework for Quantitatively Describing Spatial Patterns from Fluorescence Microscopy Data. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1961-1963. [PMID: 37612915 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Soltisz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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6
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Pelicci S, Furia L, Scanarini M, Pelicci PG, Lanzanò L, Faretta M. Novel Tools to Measure Single Molecules Colocalization in Fluorescence Nanoscopy by Image Cross Correlation Spectroscopy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:686. [PMID: 35215014 PMCID: PMC8875509 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Super Resolution Microscopy revolutionized the approach to the study of molecular interactions by providing new quantitative tools to describe the scale below 100 nanometers. Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) reaches a spatial resolution less than 50 nm with a precision in calculating molecule coordinates between 10 and 20 nanometers. However new procedures are required to analyze data from the list of molecular coordinates created by SMLM. We propose new tools based on Image Cross Correlation Spectroscopy (ICCS) to quantify the colocalization of fluorescent signals at single molecule level. These analysis procedures have been inserted into an experimental pipeline to optimize the produced results. We show that Fluorescent NanoDiamonds targeted to an intracellular compartment can be employed (i) to correct spatial drift to maximize the localization precision and (ii) to register confocal and SMLM images in correlative multiresolution, multimodal imaging. We validated the ICCS based approach on defined biological control samples and showed its ability to quantitatively map area of interactions inside the cell. The produced results show that the ICCS analysis is an efficient tool to measure relative spatial distribution of different molecular species at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (L.F.); (M.S.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Laura Furia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (L.F.); (M.S.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Mirco Scanarini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (L.F.); (M.S.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (L.F.); (M.S.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Lanzanò
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Ettore Majorana”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT Erzelli, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Faretta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (L.F.); (M.S.); (P.G.P.)
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7
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Tameling C, Stoldt S, Stephan T, Naas J, Jakobs S, Munk A. Colocalization for super-resolution microscopy via optimal transport. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 1:199-211. [PMID: 35874932 PMCID: PMC7613136 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is a widely used technique in cell biology. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy enables the recording of multiple-color images with subdiffraction resolution. The enhanced resolution leads to new challenges regarding colocalization analysis of macromolecule distributions. We demonstrate that well-established methods for the analysis of colocalization in diffraction-limited datasets and for coordinate-stochastic nanoscopy are not equally well suited for the analysis of high-resolution STED images. We propose optimal transport colocalization, which measures the minimal transporting cost below a given spatial scale to match two protein intensity distributions. Its validity on simulated data as well as on dual-color STED recordings of yeast and mammalian cells is demonstrated. We also extend the optimal transport colocalization methodology to coordinate-stochastic nanoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tameling
- Institute for Mathematical Stochastics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Stephan
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Naas
- Institute for Mathematical Stochastics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Munk
- Institute for Mathematical Stochastics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Felix Bernstein Institute for Mathematical Statistics in the Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Fellow Group Statistical Inverse Problems in Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Yang W, Zhang N, Wu Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang W. Oxytocin-like signal regulates Lh cells directly but not Fsh cells in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus†. Biol Reprod 2020; 104:399-409. [PMID: 33141148 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and release of LH and FSH in the pituitary of vertebrates are differentially regulated during gonadal development and maturation. However, the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study examined the possible involvement of isotocin (Ist), an oxytocin-like neuropeptide, in the regulation of Lh and Fsh in a teleost, the ricefield eel Monopterus albus. The immunoreactive isotocin receptor 2 (Istr2) was shown to be localized to Lh but not Fsh cells. In contrast, immunoreactive isotocin receptor 1 (Istr1) was not observed in either Lh or Fsh cells in the pituitary. Interestingly, Lh cells in female ricefield eels expressed Istr2 and secreted Lh in response to Ist challenge stage-dependently and in correlation with ovarian vitellogenesis. Moreover, Ist decreased Lh contents in the pituitary of female fish, indicating its stimulatory roles on Lh release in vivo. The induction of Lh release by Ist in dispersed pituitary cells was blocked by a PLC or IP3R inhibitor but not by a PKA or PKC inhibitor, indicating the involvement of the IP3/Ca2+ pathway. Collectively, the above results indicate that isotocin may bind to Istr2 to stimulate Lh release via the IP3/Ca2+ pathway, and play important roles in the ovarian maturation in ricefield eels. Furthermore, the present study suggests a novel neuroendocrine mechanism underlying the differential regulation of Lh and Fsh in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yangsheng Wu
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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9
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Liu S, Luttrell LM, Premont RT, Rockey DC. β-Arrestin2 is a critical component of the GPCR-eNOS signalosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11483-11492. [PMID: 32404425 PMCID: PMC7261012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922608117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for synthesis of NO in endothelial cells, is regulated by complex posttranslational mechanisms. Sinusoidal portal hypertension, a disorder characterized by liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) injury with resultant reduced eNOS activity and NO production within the liver, has been associated with defects in eNOS protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications. We and others have previously identified novel eNOS interactors, including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase interactor 1 (GIT1), which we found to play an unexpected stimulatory role in GPCR-mediated eNOS signaling. Here we report that β-arrestin 2 (β-Arr2), a canonical GPCR signaling partner, localizes in SECs with eNOS in a GIT1/eNOS/NO signaling module. Most importantly, we show that β-Arr2 stimulates eNOS activity, and that β-Arr2 expression is reduced and formation of the GIT1/eNOS/NO signaling module is interrupted during liver injury. In β-Arr2-deficient mice, bile duct ligation injury (BDL) led to significantly reduced eNOS activity and to a dramatic increase in portal hypertension compared to BDL in wild-type mice. Overexpression of β-Arr2 in injured or β-Arr2-deficient SECs rescued eNOS function by increasing eNOS complex formation and NO production. We also found that β-Arr2-mediated GIT1/eNOS complex formation is dependent on Erk1/2 and Src, two kinases known to interact with and be activated by β-Arr2 in response to GCPR activation. Our data emphasize that β-Arr2 is an integral component of the GIT1/eNOS/NO signaling pathway and have implications for the pathogenesis of sinusoidal portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Richard T Premont
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Don C Rockey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425;
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10
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Hsiung A, Naya FJ, Chen X, Shiang R. A schizophrenia associated CMYA5 allele displays differential binding with desmin. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 111:8-15. [PMID: 30658136 PMCID: PMC6467702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CMYA5 is a candidate gene for schizophrenia because of the genetic association of variant rs10043986 (C > T) to this severe mental disorder. Studies of CMYA5 and its gene product, myospryn, in the brain and neuronal cells have not been previously reported. The SNP rs10043986 changes the 4,063rd amino acid from Pro to Leu, which is likely to alter protein function. To understand its potential role in the brain, we examined the neuronal expression of myospryn and its binding partner, desmin, an intermediate filament (IF) protein, and investigated how the two alleles of myospryn affect its binding to desmin. Myospryn and desmin are shown to be expressed in the brain and myospryn is shown to localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus of myoblast, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma cell lines. Peripherin and vimentin, known brain IF proteins, have high protein similarity to desmin but were found not to interact with myospryn using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H). Using a quantitative Y2H assay and surface plasmon resonance, the T allele (Leu) of rs10043986 was found to have stronger binding to desmin than the C allele (Pro). Based on findings described in this report, we hypothesize that the interaction between myospryn to IF provides structural support and efficient rearrangement of the cytoskeleton network during early neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anting Hsiung
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0033, USA.
| | - Francisco J Naya
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0033, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0710, USA; Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4009, USA.
| | - Rita Shiang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0033, USA.
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11
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González-Domínguez I, Cervera L, Gòdia F, Roldán M. Quantitative colocalization analysis of DNA delivery by PEI-mediated cationic polymers in mammalian cells. J Microsc 2018; 273:53-64. [PMID: 30295315 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although cationic polymers are widely used for DNA delivery, the relationship between the properties of the formed complexes and their biological activity is not fully understood. Here, we propose a novel procedure consisting of superresolved images coupled with quantitative colocalization to analyse DNA release in living cells. This work compares the different workflows available in a quantitative colocalization study of DNA delivery using polyethylenimine as transfection reagent. A nimble workflow with deconvolution in three-dimensional images was developed. Among the different colocalization coefficients, Manders' colocalization coefficient was the best to track the complexes. Results showed that DNA/polyethylenimine complexes were tightly interacting at the time of transfection and their disassembly was observed between 2 and 10 h after their uptake. Heterogenicity was found in the intracellular fate of each complex. At 24 h, some complexes were still present underneath the nuclear envelope. Overall, this study opens the door for particle tracking assessment with three-dimensional imaging at intracellular level. LAY DESCRIPTION: DNA delivery technologies in living cells are of high relevance in the biotechnology field. The transient expression of a gene of interest enables the production of a wide range of new therapeutic candidates for clinical purposes. However, the introduction of an exogenous DNA construct into a cell culture requires the use of certain vehicles that protect the DNA from host cell DNases and deliver it into the cell nucleus. From the different systems available, polyethylenimine (PEI) has been extensively used in transient gene expression strategies for the last three decades. However, the intracellular fate of the formed DNA/PEI complexes and the DNA release from the complexes is still poorly understood. In this work, we propose the application of combined superresolved images through mathematical deconvolution to colocalization studies of DNA/PEI complexes evolution in living mammalian cell cultures. Both specimens were covalently labelled with Cy3 and Cy5 dye, respectively, and the kinetics of its disassembly process within the cells was tracked over the time. Because of the specific features of the formed-complexes, a comparative study of the different colocalization coefficients was performed towards optimizing the analysis of these particles with confocal microscopy. Besides, the 3D imaging of the process allowed the direct visualization of a partial DNA/PEI complexes disassembly and the location of those complexes underneath the nuclear envelope during the cell production phase (24 h after the uptake).
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Affiliation(s)
- I González-Domínguez
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Cervera
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Gòdia
- Department d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Roldán
- Unitat de Microscòpia Confocal, Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Institut Pediàtric de Malalties Rares. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Hozumi K, Nomizu M. Cell Adhesion Activity of Peptides Conjugated to Polysaccharides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 80:e53. [PMID: 30126079 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many cell-adhesive peptides have been identified from extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen, fibronectin, laminin, and vitronectin. ECM proteins have various cell-adhesive sequences. Most peptides demonstrate cell-adhesive activity when simply coated on a tissue culture plate, but solubility, conformation, and coating efficiency of the peptides can significantly alter their biological function. Evaluation of peptide cell-adhesive activity using peptide-conjugated polysaccharide constructs is a useful strategy for overcoming peptide solubility and conformation problems. After a simple modification of the polysaccharides, various polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronate) can fix the peptides on the tissue culture plate quantitatively. The peptide-polysaccharide strategy can be used to fix different active peptides to the polysaccharide at same time, thus, mimicking the biological functions of the ECM. This paper describes the modification of polysaccharides that are suitable for covalently coupling the peptides and evaluation of the cell-adhesive activity of peptide as a peptide-polysaccharide matrix. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hozumi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Clinical Dietetics, Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Minamiuonuma, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Mateer EJ, Paessler S, Huang C. Visualization of Double-Stranded RNA Colocalizing With Pattern Recognition Receptors in Arenavirus Infected Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:251. [PMID: 30087859 PMCID: PMC6066581 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An important step in the initiation of the innate immune response to virus infection is the recognition of non-self, viral RNA, including double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), by cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). For many positive-sense RNA viruses and DNA viruses, the production of viral dsRNA, and the interaction of viral dsRNA and PRRs are well characterized. However, for negative-sense RNA viruses, viral dsRNA was thought to be produced at low to undetectable levels and PRR recognition of viral dsRNA is still largely unclear. In the case of arenaviruses, the nucleocaspid protein (NP) has been identified to contain an exoribonuclease activity that preferentially degrades dsRNA in biochemical studies. Nevertheless, pathogenic New World (NW) arenavirus infections readily induce an interferon (IFN) response in a RIG-I dependent manner, and also activate the dsRNA-dependent Protein Kinase R (PKR). To better understand the innate immune response to pathogenic arenavirus infection, we used a newly identified dsRNA-specific antibody that efficiently detects viral dsRNA in negative-sense RNA virus infected cells. dsRNA was detected in NW arenavirus infected cells colocalizing with virus NP in immunofluorescence assay. Importantly, the dsRNA signals also colocalized with cytoplasmic PRRs, namely, PKR, RIG-I and MDA-5, as well as with the phosphorylated, activated form of PKR in infected cells. Our data clearly demonstrate the PRR recognition of dsRNA and their activation in NW arenavirus infected cells. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between NW arenaviruses and the host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Zinchuk V, Grossenbacher‐Zinchuk O. Mobile Quantitative Colocalization Analysis of Fluorescence Microscopy Images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 78:4.37.1-4.37.12. [DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Zinchuk
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Kochi University Faculty of Medicine Kochi Japan
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15
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Coleman MD, Ha SD, Haeryfar SMM, Barr SD, Kim SO. Cathepsin B plays a key role in optimal production of the influenza A virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 7:178. [PMID: 29349092 DOI: 10.4172/2324-8955.1000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) is the etiologic agent of the febrile respiratory illness, commonly referred to as 'flu'. The lysosomal protease cathepsin B (CTSB) has shown to be involved in the lifecycle of various viruses. Here, we examined the role of CTSB in the IAV lifecycle. Methods CTSB-deficient (CTSB-/-) macrophages and the human lung epithelial cell line A549 cells treated with CA-074Me were infected with the A/Puerto Rico/8/34 strain of IAV (IAV-PR8). Viral entry and propagation were measured through quantitative real-time RT-PCR; production and localization of hemagglutinin (HA) protein in the infected host cells were analysed by Western blots, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy; production of progeny viruses were measured by a hemagglutination assay. Results CTSB-/- macrophages and CA-074Me-treated A549 cells had no defects in incorporating IAV-PR8 virions and permitting viral RNA synthesis. However, these cells produced significantly lower amounts of HA protein and progeny virions than wild-type or untreated cells. Conclusion These data indicate that CTSB is involved in the expression of IAV-PR8 HA protein and subsequent optimal production of IAV-PR8 progeny virions. Targeting CTSB can be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macon D Coleman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Immunology, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4
| | - Soon-Duck Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Immunology, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Immunology, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4
| | - Stephen Dominic Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Immunology, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4
| | - Sung Ouk Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Immunology, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4
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16
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Neurons of the rat cervical spinal cord express vimentin and neurofilament after intraparenchymal injection of kainic acid. Neurosci Lett 2017; 643:103-110. [PMID: 28229936 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IF) can be altered under disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases. Kainic acid (KA) induce behavioral changes and histopathological alterations of the spinal cord of injected rats. Our goal was to evaluate the IF expression in neurons during this injury model. Animals were injected with KA at the C5 segment of the cervical spinal cord and euthanized at 1, 3 and 7 post injection (pi) days. Neuronal cell counting showed a significant loss of neurons at the injection site when compared with those of sham and non-operated animals. Immunohistochemistry for vimentin and neurofilament showed positive labeling of perikarya in sham and KA-injected animals since day 1 pi that lasted for the remaining experimental days. Colocalization analysis between enolase and vimentin or neurofilament confirmed a high index of colocalization in both experimental groups at day 1 pi. This index decreased in sham animals by day 3 pi whereas that of KA-injected animals remained high throughout the experiment. These results may suggest that perikarya initiate an unconventional IF expression, which may respond to the neuronal damage induced by the mechanical injury and the excitotoxic effect of KA. It seems that vimentin and neurofilament expression may be a necessary change to promote recovery of the damaged tissue.
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17
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Moser B, Hochreiter B, Herbst R, Schmid JA. Fluorescence colocalization microscopy analysis can be improved by combining object-recognition with pixel-intensity-correlation. Biotechnol J 2017; 12:1600332. [PMID: 27420480 PMCID: PMC5244660 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The question whether two proteins interact with each other or whether a protein localizes to a certain region of the cell is often addressed with fluorescence microscopy and analysis of a potential colocalization of fluorescence markers. Since a mere visual estimation does not allow quantification of the degree of colocalization, different statistical methods of pixel-intensity correlation are commonly used to score it. We observed that these correlation coefficients are prone to false positive results and tend to show high values even for molecules that reside in different organelles. Our aim was to improve this type of analysis and we developed a novel method combining object-recognition based colocalization analysis with pixel-intensity correlation to calculate an object-corrected Pearson coefficient. We designed a macro for the Fiji-version of the software ImageJ and tested the performance systematically with various organelle markers revealing an improved robustness of our approach over classical methods. In order to prove that colocalization does not necessarily mean a physical interaction, we performed FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) microscopy. This confirmed that non-interacting molecules can exhibit a nearly complete colocalization, but that they do not show any significant FRET signal in contrast to proteins that are bound to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Moser
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Hochreiter
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ruth Herbst
- Inst. of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Dept. of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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18
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Belyy A, Raoux-Barbot D, Saveanu C, Namane A, Ogryzko V, Worpenberg L, David V, Henriot V, Fellous S, Merrifield C, Assayag E, Ladant D, Renault L, Mechold U. Actin activates Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoY nucleotidyl cyclase toxin and ExoY-like effector domains from MARTX toxins. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13582. [PMID: 27917880 PMCID: PMC5150216 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotidyl cyclase toxin ExoY is one of the virulence factors injected by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system into host cells. Inside cells, it is activated by an unknown eukaryotic cofactor to synthesize various cyclic nucleotide monophosphates. ExoY-like adenylate cyclases are also found in Multifunctional-Autoprocessing Repeats-in-ToXin (MARTX) toxins produced by various Gram-negative pathogens. Here we demonstrate that filamentous actin (F-actin) is the hitherto unknown cofactor of ExoY. Association with F-actin stimulates ExoY activity more than 10,000 fold in vitro and results in stabilization of actin filaments. ExoY is recruited to actin filaments in transfected cells and alters F-actin turnover. Actin also activates an ExoY-like adenylate cyclase MARTX effector domain from Vibrio nigripulchritudo. Finally, using a yeast genetic screen, we identify actin mutants that no longer activate ExoY. Our results thus reveal a new sub-group within the class II adenylyl cyclase family, namely actin-activated nucleotidyl cyclase (AA-NC) toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Belyy
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
- Department of Bacterial Infections, Gamaleya Research Center, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Dorothée Raoux-Barbot
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Cosmin Saveanu
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Génomes et Génétique, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Abdelkader Namane
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Génomes et Génétique, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Vasily Ogryzko
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR 8126, Unité de Signaling, Nuclei and Innovations in Oncology, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Lina Worpenberg
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Violaine David
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Veronique Henriot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Souad Fellous
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christien Merrifield
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Elodie Assayag
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Ladant
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Louis Renault
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Undine Mechold
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3528, Unité de Biochimie des Interactions Macromoléculaires, Département de Biologie Structurale et Chimie, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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19
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Torrecilla J, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís MÁ, Apaolaza PS, Berzal-Herranz B, Romero-López C, Berzal-Herranz A, Rodríguez-Gascón A. Silencing of hepatitis C virus replication by a non-viral vector based on solid lipid nanoparticles containing a shRNA targeted to the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:808-17. [PMID: 27451369 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing mediated by RNAi has gained increasing interest as an alternative for the treatment of infectious diseases such as refractory hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this work we have designed and evaluated a non-viral vector based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) bearing hyaluronic acid, protamine and a short hairpin RNA (shRNA74) targeted to the Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) of the HCV. The vector was able to inhibit the expression of the HCV IRES in Huh-7 cells, with the inhibition level dependent on the shRNA74 to SLN ratio and on the shRNA74 dose added to the culture cells. The nanocarrier was also able to inhibit the replication in human hepatoma cells supporting a subgenomic HCV replicon (Huh-7 NS3-3'). The vector was quickly and efficiently internalized by the cells, and endocytosis was the most productive uptake mechanism for silencing. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and to a lesser extent caveolae/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis were identified as endocytic mechanisms involved in the cell uptake. Internalization via the CD44 receptor was also involved, although this entry route seems to be less productive for silencing than endocytosis. The vector did not induce either hemolysis or agglutination of red cells in vitro, which was indicative of good biocompatibility. In summary, we have shown for the first time the ability of a non-viral SLN-based vector to silence a HCV replicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune Torrecilla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Paola S Apaolaza
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Berzal-Herranz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra" (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Av del conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Romero-López
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra" (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Av del conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Berzal-Herranz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra" (IPBLN-CSIC), PTS Granada, Av del conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7. 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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20
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Veeraraghavan R, Gourdie RG. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy-based relative localization analysis (STORM-RLA) for quantitative nanoscale assessment of spatial protein organization. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3583-3590. [PMID: 27307586 PMCID: PMC5221590 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-02-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy–based relative localization analysis (STORM-RLA) is a novel method for the high-throughput quantification of spatial protein organization from three-dimensional single-molecule positional data. The spatial association between proteins is crucial to understanding how they function in biological systems. Colocalization analysis of fluorescence microscopy images is widely used to assess this. However, colocalization analysis performed on two-dimensional images with diffraction-limited resolution merely indicates that the proteins are within 200–300 nm of each other in the xy-plane and within 500–700 nm of each other along the z-axis. Here we demonstrate a novel three-dimensional quantitative analysis applicable to single-molecule positional data: stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy–based relative localization analysis (STORM-RLA). This method offers significant advantages: 1) STORM imaging affords 20-nm resolution in the xy-plane and <50 nm along the z-axis; 2) STORM-RLA provides a quantitative assessment of the frequency and degree of overlap between clusters of colabeled proteins; and 3) STORM-RLA also calculates the precise distances between both overlapping and nonoverlapping clusters in three dimensions. Thus STORM-RLA represents a significant advance in the high-throughput quantitative assessment of the spatial organization of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016 .,School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic University, Blacksburg, VA 24016
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21
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Kroneková Z, Mikulec M, Petrenčíková N, Paulovičová E, Paulovičová L, Jančinová V, Nosál' R, Reddy PS, Shimoga GD, Chorvát D, Kronek J. Ex Vivo and In Vitro Studies on the Cytotoxicity and Immunomodulative Properties of Poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) as a New Type of Biomedical Polymer. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1200-11. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kroneková
- Department for Biomaterials Research; Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Marcel Mikulec
- Department for Biomaterials Research; Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Nadežda Petrenčíková
- Department for Biomaterials Research; Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ema Paulovičová
- Institute of Chemistry; Center of Glycomics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 84236 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Lucia Paulovičová
- Institute of Chemistry; Center of Glycomics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 84236 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Viera Jančinová
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 841 04 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Radomír Nosál'
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 841 04 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Palem S. Reddy
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute; Tomas Bata University in Zlin; Trˇída T. Bati 5678; Zlin 760 01 Czech Republic
| | - Ganesh D. Shimoga
- Centre of Polymer Systems; University Institute; Tomas Bata University in Zlin; Trˇída T. Bati 5678; Zlin 760 01 Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Chorvát
- International Laser Centre; Ilkovičova 3 841 04 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kronek
- Department for Biomaterials Research; Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dubravska cesta 9 845 41 Bratislava Slovakia
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22
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Cheng Y, Li G, Liu Y, Shi Y, Gao G, Wu D, Lan J, You J. Unparalleled Ease of Access to a Library of Biheteroaryl Fluorophores via Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions: Discovery of Photostable NIR Probe for Mitochondria. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4730-8. [PMID: 26854564 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of straightforward accesses to organic functional materials through C-H activation is a revolutionary trend in organic synthesis. In this article, we propose a concise strategy to construct a large library of donor-acceptor-type biheteroaryl fluorophores via the palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling of electron-deficient 2H-indazoles with electron-rich heteroarenes. The directly coupled biheteroaryl fluorophores, named Indazo-Fluors, exhibit continuously tunable full-color emissions with quantum yields up to 93% and large Stokes shifts up to 8705 cm(-1) in CH2Cl2. By further fine-tuning of the substituent on the core skeleton, Indazo-Fluor 3l (FW = 274; λem = 725 nm) is obtained as the lowest molecular weight near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore with emission wavelength over 720 nm in the solid state. The NIR dye 5h specifically lights up mitochondria in living cells with bright red luminescence. Typically, commercially available mitochondria trackers suffer from poor photostability. Indazo-Fluor 5h exhibits superior photostability and very low cytotoxicity, which would be a prominent reagent for in vivo mitochondria imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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23
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Li Y, Singhal R, Taylor IW, McMinn PH, Chua XY, Cline K, Fernandez DE. The Sec2 translocase of the chloroplast inner envelope contains a unique and dedicated SECE2 component. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:647-658. [PMID: 26406904 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of chloroplasts involves a series of protein trafficking events. Nuclear-encoded proteins are imported into the organelle, and then trafficked to various chloroplast locations by systems that are directly homologous to bacterial systems. Although the thylakoid-based systems have been studied extensively, much less is known about the systems that reside and function in the inner envelope membrane. One such system, the Sec2 system, is homologous to both the thylakoid-based Sec1 system and bacterial Sec systems, and may mediate both integration and translocation across the inner envelope. At a minimum, this system is expected to include three components, but only two, SCY2 and SECA2, have been identified in Arabidopsis. Bioinformatics and protein modeling were used to identify the protein encoded by At4g38490 as a candidate for the missing component (SECE2). Cellular localization, biochemistry, protein interaction assays in yeast, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments were used to establish that this protein is an integral membrane protein of the inner envelope, and specifically interacts with the SCY2 component in vivo. Sequence analyses indicated that SECE2 proteins are found in a variety of plants, and differ from the thylakoid SECE1 proteins in a stroma-exposed helical domain, which may contribute to their specificity. Finally, a genetic analysis indicated that SECE2 plays an essential role in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Li
- Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Rajneesh Singhal
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Isaiah W Taylor
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Patrick H McMinn
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xien Yu Chua
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kenneth Cline
- Horticultural Sciences Department and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Donna E Fernandez
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Lee MJ, Kim EH, Lee SA, Kang YM, Jung CH, Yoon HK, Seol SM, Lee YL, Lee WJ, Park JY. Dehydroepiandrosterone prevents linoleic acid-induced endothelial cell senescence by increasing autophagy. Metabolism 2015; 64:1134-45. [PMID: 26051603 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy has emerged as a potentially important factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal steroid of great recent interest due to its anti-aging and anti-atherogenic effects; however, little is known about its role in autophagy and endothelial senescence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHEA prevents linoleic acid (LA)-induced endothelial senescence by enhancing autophagy. MATERIALS/METHODS After pre-treatement with or without DHEA prior to LA treatment in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), the level of senescence was compared by senescence-associated acidic β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and hyperphosphorylated pRB (ppRB) protein level. Autophagy was detected by LC3 conversion and measuring the level of p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1), a protein degraded by autophagy. The fusion of autophagosome and lysosome was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Pre-treatment with DHEA inhibited LA-induced endothelial senescence. DHEA increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and decreased the level of p62 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Although both DHEA and LA treatment increased the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, treatment of LA increased p62 and decreased fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, which reflected decreased autophagic flux. However, pre-treatment with DHEA restored autophagic flux inhibited by LA. When we evaluated signaling pathways, we found that JNK activation involved in LC3 conversion induced by DHEA. CONCLUSION DHEA prevents LA-induced endothelial senescence by restoring autophagy and autophagic flux through JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Kyeong Yoon
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mi Seol
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo La Lee
- Asan Institute of Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Broms J, Antolin-Fontes B, Tingström A, Ibañez-Tallon I. Conserved expression of the GPR151 receptor in habenular axonal projections of vertebrates. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:359-80. [PMID: 25116430 PMCID: PMC4270839 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The habenula is a phylogenetically conserved brain structure in the epithalamus. It is a major node in the information flow between fronto-limbic brain regions and monoaminergic brainstem nuclei, and is thus anatomically and functionally ideally positioned to regulate emotional, motivational, and cognitive behaviors. Consequently, the habenula may be critically important in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as addiction and depression. Here we investigated the expression pattern of GPR151, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), whose mRNA has been identified as highly and specifically enriched in habenular neurons by in situ hybridization and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP). In the present immunohistochemical study we demonstrate a pronounced and highly specific expression of the GPR151 protein in the medial and lateral habenula of rodent brain. Specific expression was also seen in efferent habenular fibers projecting to the interpeduncular nucleus, the rostromedial tegmental area, the rhabdoid nucleus, the mesencephalic raphe nuclei, and the dorsal tegmental nucleus. Using confocal microscopy and quantitative colocalization analysis, we found that GPR151-expressing axons and terminals overlap with cholinergic, substance P-ergic, and glutamatergic markers. Virtually identical expression patterns were observed in rat, mouse, and zebrafish brains. Our data demonstrate that GPR151 is highly conserved, specific for a subdivision of the habenular neurocircuitry, and constitutes a promising novel target for psychiatric drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Broms
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Tingström
- Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ines Ibañez-Tallon
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, U.S.A
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