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Parisi X, Bledsoe JR. Discerning clinicopathological features of congenital neutropenia syndromes: an approach to diagnostically challenging differential diagnoses. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:586-604. [PMID: 38589208 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The congenital neutropenia syndromes are rare haematological conditions defined by impaired myeloid precursor differentiation or function. Patients are prone to severe infections with high mortality rates in early life. While some patients benefit from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment, they may still face an increased risk of bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukaemia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for improved outcomes; however, diagnosis depends on familiarity with a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that remain incompletely characterised. The clinical and pathological overlap between reactive conditions, primary and congenital neutropenias, bone marrow failure, and myelodysplastic syndromes further clouds diagnostic clarity.We review the diagnostically useful clinicopathological and morphological features of reactive causes of neutropenia and the most common primary neutropenia disorders: constitutional/benign ethnic neutropenia, chronic idiopathic neutropenia, cyclic neutropenia, severe congenital neutropenia (due to mutations in ELANE, GFI1, HAX1, G6PC3, VPS45, JAGN1, CSF3R, SRP54, CLPB and WAS), GATA2 deficiency, Warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis syndrome, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome, the lysosomal storage disorders with neutropenia: Chediak-Higashi, Hermansky-Pudlak, and Griscelli syndromes, Cohen, and Barth syndromes. We also detail characteristic cytogenetic and molecular factors at diagnosis and in progression to myelodysplastic syndrome/leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Parisi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob R Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Suciu A, Starybrat D, Gil-Morales C, Matson H, Jepson R, Williams M, Lyraki M, McMahon L, Nerhagen S, Veitch A, Llewellyn E. Clinical findings, treatment and outcome of trapped neutrophil syndrome in Border Collies: 12 cases (2011-2022). J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:560-568. [PMID: 38622907 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment administered and short- (survival to 28 days) and long-term prognosis (survival >6 months) in dogs diagnosed with trapped neutrophil syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 12 dogs (10 Border Collies and two Border Collie Crossbreeds) homozygous for VPS13B gene mutation causing trapped neutrophil syndrome from seven veterinary institutions between January 2011 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The most common clinical signs at the time of diagnosis were pyrexia, abnormal gait and gastrointestinal signs. Concurrent metaphyseal osteopathy and immune-mediated polyarthritis were common. Seven dogs had a segmented neutrophil count below, four dogs within and one dog above the analyser reference interval at presentation. Two dogs had a septic source identified and both were additionally identified to be homozygous mutant positive on DNA testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for canine cyclic neutropenia. All dogs received at least one antimicrobial agent and 10 dogs received treatment with prednisone or prednisolone (median starting dose 1 mg/kg/day; range 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day). Nine dogs were alive at 28 days and six dogs were alive at 6 months post-diagnosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Trapped neutrophil syndrome should be suspected in young Border Collies with pyrexia, lameness and gastrointestinal signs. Neutropenia may not always be present and long-term survival is possible. A septic focus was not commonly identified in our population; however, our results suggest that if identified, testing for concurrent canine cyclic neutropenia should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suciu
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D Starybrat
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C Gil-Morales
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H Matson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - R Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, London, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - M Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M Lyraki
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L McMahon
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, Hampshire, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - S Nerhagen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - A Veitch
- Dryfe Vets Ltd, 1 Mains Street, Lockerbie, DG11 2DG, UK
| | - E Llewellyn
- Hospital for Small Animals, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Vacca F, Yalcin B, Ansar M. Exploring the pathological mechanisms underlying Cohen syndrome. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1431400. [PMID: 39010945 PMCID: PMC11247020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1431400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cohen Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the VPS13B gene. It is characterized by multiple clinical features, including acquired microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, neutropenia, and retinal degeneration. VPS13B is part of the bridge-like lipid transport (BLTP) protein family, which in mammals also includes VPS13A, -C, and -D. The proteins of this family are peripheral membrane proteins with different sub-cellular localization, but all share similar structural features and have been proposed to act as lipid transport proteins at organellar membrane contact sites. VPS13B is localized at the Golgi apparatus and is essential for the maintenance of organelle architecture. Here we present a review of the experimental data on the function of the protein at the cellular level, discussing the potential link with disease phenotype and review the studies on animal models recapitulating features of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vacca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Inserm UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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4
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Wu FT, Chen CP. Anomalies of the Corpus Callosum in Prenatal Ultrasound: A Narrative Review for Diagnosis and Further Counseling. J Med Ultrasound 2024; 32:99-103. [PMID: 38882617 PMCID: PMC11175368 DOI: 10.4103/jmu.jmu_49_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the major interhemispheric tract that plays an important role in neurological function. Understanding the etiology and embryology development helps the ultrasound diagnosis for disorders of the corpus callosum and further counseling. The nonvisualization of cavum septum pellucidum or dysmorphic cavum septum pellucidum in axial view are indirect signs for beginners to diagnose complete agenesis of corpus callosum (cACC) and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (pACC). Further coronal view, sagittal view, and fetal magnetic resonance imaging are also important for evaluation. Genetic testing plays an essential tool in anomalies of corpus callosum by revealing the underlying genetic pathophysiology, such as chromosomal anomalies and numerous monogenetic disorders in 30%-45% of ACC. Diagnosis and prediction of prognosis for hypoplasia or hyperplasia of the corpus callosum are more difficult compared to cACC and pACC because of the limited reports in the literature. However, the complex types often had poorer prognostic outcomes compared to the isolated types. Hence, it is important to evaluate and follow fetal conditions thoroughly to rule out intracranial or extracranial anomalies in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li X, Qi S, Li W, Liu X, Xue Z, Yu T, Xun G. Cohen syndrome combined with psychiatric symptoms: a case report. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:180. [PMID: 38439002 PMCID: PMC10913230 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited condition characterized by pathological changes affecting multiple systems. The extensive clinical variability associated with CS poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Additionally, there is limited documentation on the co-occurrence of CS with psychiatric symptoms. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 30-year-old patient exhibiting characteristic physical features and psychiatric symptoms. Whole exome sequencing identified two heterozygous variants, a nonsense variation c.4336 C > T and a missense mutation c.4729G > A. Integrating clinical manifestations with genetic test results, we established the diagnosis of CS combined with psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This case introduces a novel missense variant as a candidate in the expanding array of VPS13B pathogenic variants. Its clinical significance remains unknown, and further investigation may broaden the spectrum of pathogenic variants associated with the VPS13B gene. Early diagnosis of CS is crucial for the prognosis of young children and holds significant importance for their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Li
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Qi
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Xue
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Tiangui Yu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Guanglei Xun
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Mail Code: 250014, 49# Wenhua Eastern Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Ali G, Shin KC, Habbab W, Alkhadairi G, AbdelAleem A, AlShaban FA, Park Y, Stanton LW. Characterization of a loss-of-function NSF attachment protein beta mutation in monozygotic triplets affected with epilepsy and autism using cortical neurons from proband-derived and CRISPR-corrected induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1302470. [PMID: 38260021 PMCID: PMC10801733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1302470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether a homozygous recessive genetic variant of NSF attachment protein beta (NAPB) gene inherited by monozygotic triplets contributed to their phenotype of early-onset epilepsy and autism. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from all three probands and both parents. The NAPB genetic variation was corrected in iPSC lines from two probands by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Cortical neurons were produced by directed, in vitro differentiation from all iPSC lines. These cell line-derived neurons enabled us to determine that the genetic variation in the probands causes exon skipping and complete absence of NAPB protein. Electrophysiological and transcriptomic comparisons of cortical neurons derived from parents and probands cell lines indicate that loss of NAPB function contributes to alterations in neuronal functions and likely contributed to the impaired neurodevelopment of the triplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowher Ali
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kyung Chul Shin
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wesal Habbab
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghaneya Alkhadairi
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alice AbdelAleem
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fouad A. AlShaban
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yongsoo Park
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Montillot C, Skutunova E, Ayushma, Dubied M, Lahmar A, Nguyen S, Peerally B, Prin F, Duffourd Y, Thauvin-Robinet C, Duplomb L, Wang H, Ansar M, Faivre L, Navarro N, Minocha S, Collins SC, Yalcin B. Characterization of Vps13b-mutant mice reveals neuroanatomical and behavioral phenotypes with females less affected. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106259. [PMID: 37573958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13B (VPS13B) is a large and highly conserved protein. Disruption of VPS13B causes the autosomal recessive Cohen syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by microcephaly and intellectual disability among other features, including developmental delay, hypotonia, and friendly-personality. However, the underlying mechanisms by which VPS13B disruption leads to brain dysfunction still remain unexplained. To gain insights into the neuropathogenesis of Cohen syndrome, we systematically characterized brain changes in Vps13b-mutant mice and compared murine findings to 235 previously published and 17 new patients diagnosed with VPS13B-related Cohen syndrome. We showed that Vps13b is differentially expressed across brain regions with the highest expression in the cerebellum, the hippocampus and the cortex with postnatal peak. Half of the Vps13b-/- mice die during the first week of life. The remaining mice have a normal lifespan and display the core phenotypes of the human disease, including microcephaly, growth delay, hypotonia, altered memory, and enhanced sociability. Systematic 2D and 3D brain histo-morphological analyses reveal specific structural changes in the brain starting after birth. The dentate gyrus is the brain region with the most prominent reduction in size, while the motor cortex is specifically thinner in layer VI. The fornix, the fasciculus retroflexus, and the cingulate cortex remain unaffected. Interestingly, these neuroanatomical changes implicate an increase of neuronal death during infantile stages with no progression in adulthood suggesting that VPS13B promotes neuronal survival early in life. Importantly, whilst both sexes were affected, some neuroanatomical and behavioral phenotypes were less pronounced or even absent in females. We evaluate sex differences in Cohen patients and conclude that females are less affected both in mice and patients. Our findings provide new insights about the neurobiology of VPS13B and highlight previously unreported brain phenotypes while defining Cohen syndrome as a likely new entity of non-progressive infantile neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Montillot
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emilia Skutunova
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ayushma
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Morgane Dubied
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Adam Lahmar
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Nguyen
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benazir Peerally
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Fabrice Prin
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France; Reference Center for Rare Diseases "Déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares", Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Heng Wang
- DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, Middlefield, OH 44062, USA
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France; Reference Center for Rare Diseases "Anomalies du Développement et syndromes malformatifs", Dijon University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282 CNRS, EPHE, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; EPHE, PSL University, Paris 75014, France
| | - Shilpi Minocha
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Stephan C Collins
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; Inserm Unit 1231, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Güneş N, Alkaya DU, Demirbilek V, Yalçınkaya C, Tüysüz B. Early Diagnostic Signs and the Natural History of Typical Findings in Cohen Syndrome. J Pediatr 2023; 252:93-100. [PMID: 36067876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and long-term clinical features of a molecularly confirmed cohort with Cohen syndrome. STUDY DESIGN Twelve patients with Cohen syndrome aged 0.2-13.9 years from 8 families with a median follow-up of 7 years were enrolled to the study. Genetic analyses were made by VPS13B and whole-exome sequencing analyses. RESULTS Biallelic VPS13B variants, including 3 nonsense, 1 frameshift, and 1 splice-site variant, and a multiexon deletion were detected. Prader-Willi syndrome-like features such as hypotonia, small hands, round face with full cheeks, almond-shaped eyes, and micrognathia were observed in all infantile patients. Beginning from age 4 years, it was noticed that the face gradually elongated and became oval. The typical facial features of Cohen syndrome such as a long face, beak-shaped nose, and open-mouth appearance with prominent upper central incisors became evident at age 9. Other Cohen syndrome features including retinopathy (11/11), neutropenia (11/12), truncal obesity (5/12), and myopia (5/11) were detected at the median ages of 7.8, 7, 7.5, and 5 years, respectively. Eleven patients aged older than 5 years at their last examination had severe speech delay. CONCLUSIONS A differential diagnosis of Cohen syndrome in the infancy should be made with Prader-Willi syndrome, and that the typical facial features for Cohen syndrome is prominent at age 9 years, when retinopathy, neutropenia, and truncal obesity become evident. Moreover, adding the severe speech delay to the diagnostic criteria should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Güneş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysi Demirbilek
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yalçınkaya
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
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9
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Kang L, Ma Y, Zhao P. Deletion as novel variants in VPS13B gene in Cohen syndrome: Case series. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220304. [PMID: 37692084 PMCID: PMC10487392 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cohen syndrome (OMIM No. # 216550) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B) gene on chromosome 8q22.2. Clinical manifestations include hypermobile joints, microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, craniofacial and limb anomalies, and neutropenia. To date, more than 200 mutations of VPS13B have been reported in over 1,000 Cohen syndrome patients. This article reviews the clinical data of two cases of Cohen syndrome diagnosed by whole exome sequencing. Results Both children visited for psychomotor retardation. Gene detection showed a mutation in 8q22.2, NM_017890.4 Intron38 c.6940+1G > T and heterozygotic deletion of exon 3-19 of the VPS13B gene (Case 1), and a mutation in 8q22.2, NM_017890.4 Intron38 c.6940+1G > T and 8q22, NM_017890.4 Exon56 c10334_10335del in the VPS13B gene (Case 2). The variation was predicted to be pathogenic by related software, and they have not been reported. Conclusion Cohen syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with developmental retardation and neutropenia. The present study increases the mutation spectrum of the VPS13B gene and could be helpful in genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling in Cohen syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Children’s Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Rui Jing District, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing100081, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Children’s Hospital, 238 Longyan Road, Rui Jing District, Tianjin, 300134, China
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Moradi B, Taherian R, Tahmasebpour AR, Sanei Taheri M, Kazemi MA, Pak N, Shirazi M, Radmanesh A, Oztekin O, Arab-Ahmadi M. Fetal corpus callosum abnormalities: Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging role. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:989-1003. [PMID: 35488776 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the major interhemispheric commissure and its abnormalities include agenesis, hypoplasia, and hyperplasia. The CC anomalies are typically related to other central nervous system (CNS) or extra-CNS malformations. The antenatal diagnosis of complete CC agenesis is easy after mid-trimester by ultrasound (US) even in the axial plane. The non-visualization of cavum septum pellucidum and colpocephaly are critical signs in the axial view. More subtle findings (i.e., hypoplasia and partial agenesis) might also be recognized antenatally. In this review, the focus was given on the prenatal diagnosis of CC abnormalities in US and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Moradi
- Department of Radiology, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taherian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Sanei Taheri
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Kazemi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Pak
- Department of Radiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Shirazi
- Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Radmanesh
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ozgur Oztekin
- Radiology Department, Izmir Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehran Arab-Ahmadi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Novel RAB27A Variant Associated with Late-Onset Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Alters Effector Protein Binding. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1685-1695. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in RAB27A are associated with Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2), characterized by hypopigmentation and development of early-onset, potentially fatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We describe a 35-year old male who presented with recurrent fever, was diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus-driven chronic lymphoproliferation, fulfilled clinical HLH criteria, and who carried a novel homozygous RAB27A c.551G > A p.(R184Q) variant. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of the identified RAB27A variant in regard to the clinical phenotype as well as cellular and biochemical function. The patient displayed normal pigmentation as well as RAB27A expression in blood-derived cells. However, patient NK and CD8+ T cell exocytosis was low. Ectopic expression of the RAB27A p.R184Q variant rescued melanosome distribution in mouse Rab27a-deficient melanocytes, but failed to increase exocytosis upon reconstitution of human RAB27A-deficient CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, the RAB27A p.R184Q variant displayed reduced binding to SLP2A but augmented binding to MUNC13-4, two key effector proteins in immune cells. MUNC13-4 binding was particularly strong to an inactive RAB27A p.T23N/p.R184Q double mutant. RAB27A p.R184Q was expressed and could facilitate melanosome trafficking, but did not support lymphocyte exocytosis. The HLH-associated RAB27A variant increased Munc13-4 binding, potentially representing a novel mode of impairing RAB27A function selectively in hematopoietic cells.
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12
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Assimopoulos S, Hammill C, Fernandes DJ, Spencer Noakes TL, Zhou YQ, Nutter LMJ, Ellegood J, Anagnostou E, Sled JG, Lerch JP. Genetic mouse models of autism spectrum disorder present subtle heterogenous cardiac abnormalities. Autism Res 2022; 15:1189-1208. [PMID: 35445787 PMCID: PMC9325472 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are linked on a functional and genetic level. Most work has investigated CHD‐related neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cardiac abnormalities in ASD have been less studied. We investigated the prevalence of cardiac comorbidities relative to ASD genetic contributors. Using high frequency ultrasound imaging, we screened 9 ASD‐related genetic mouse models (Arid1b(+/−), Chd8(+/−), 16p11.2 (deletion), Sgsh(+/−), Sgsh(−/−), Shank3 Δexon 4–9(+/−), Shank3 Δexon 4–9(−/−), Fmr1(−/−), Vps13b(+/−)), and pooled wild‐type littermates (WTs). We measured heart rate (HR), aorta diameter (AoD), thickness and thickening of the left‐ventricular (LV) anterior and posterior walls, LV chamber diameter, fractional shortening, stroke volume and cardiac output, mitral inflow Peak E and A velocity ratio, ascending aorta velocity time integral (VTI). Mutant groups presented small‐scale alterations in cardiac structure and function compared to WTs (LV anterior wall thickness and thickening, chamber diameter and fractional shortening, HR). A greater number of significant differences was observed among mutant groups than between mutant groups and WTs. Mutant groups differed primarily in structural measures (LV chamber diameter and anterior wall thickness, HR, AoD). The mutant groups with most differences to WTs were 16p11.2 (deletion), Fmr1(−/−), Arid1b(+/−). The mutant groups with most differences from other mutant groups were 16p11.2 (deletion), Sgsh(+/−), Fmr1(−/−). Our results recapitulate the associated clinical findings. The characteristic ASD heterogeneity was recapitulated in the cardiac phenotype. The type of abnormal measures (morphological, functional) can highlight common underlying mechanisms. Clinically, knowledge of cardiac abnormalities in ASD can be essential as even non‐lethal abnormalities impact normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Assimopoulos
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Hammill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren J Fernandes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Leigh Spencer Noakes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sickkids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Kehinde TA, Bhatia A, Olarewaju B, Shoaib MZ, Mousa J, Osundiji MA. Syndromic obesity with neurodevelopmental delay: Opportunities for targeted interventions. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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"Oral Manifestations of Patients with Inherited Defect in Phagocyte Number or Function" a systematic review. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108796. [PMID: 34271191 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherited phagocyte defects are one of the subgroups of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) with various clinical manifestations. As oral manifestations are common at the early ages, oral practitioners can have a special role in the early diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in this systematic review study and data of included studies were categorized into four subgroups of phagocyte defects, including congenital neutropenia, defects of motility, defects of respiratory burst, and other non-lymphoid defects. RESULTS Among all phagocyte defects, 12 disorders had reported data for oral manifestations in published articles. A total of 987 cases were included in this study. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral manifestations. CONCLUSION There is a need to organize better collaboration between medical doctors and dentists to diagnose and treat patients with phagocyte defects. Regular dental visits and professional oral health care are recommended from the time of the first primary teeth eruption in newborns.
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15
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Razavi A, Jafarpour H, Khosravi MR, Abbasi G, Dabbaghzadeh A. A VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome presented with petechiae: An unusual presentation. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04492. [PMID: 34322253 PMCID: PMC8301562 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. CS includes a range of clinical symptoms including retinal dystrophy and myopia. The new VPS13B mutation could cause CS-induced neutropenia and petechiae in patients with CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Razavi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mohammad reza Khosravi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Ghazal Abbasi
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Abbas Dabbaghzadeh
- Department of PediatricsSchool of MedicineBu Ali Sina HospitalMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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16
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Karimzadeh MR, Omidi F, Sahebalzamani A, Saeidi K. A Novel VPS13B Mutation Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing in Iranian Patients with Cohen Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2566-2574. [PMID: 34041686 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome is caused by homozygous mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B, also referred to as COH1) gene on chromosome 8q22.2. The VPS13B protein is involved in transmembrane transport, Golgi integrity, and neuritogenesis. Clinical manifestations of Cohen syndrome are mainly intellectual disability, developmental delay, facial abnormalities, and eye disorders. This study aimed to identify the causative variant in two unrelated families with Cohen syndrome. To this end, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the pathogenic variants. A homozygous nonsense variant (NM_017890:c.10369C > T; NP_060360.3: p.Q3457X) in the VPS13B gene was identified and co-segregated with all affected individuals in both families. In silico analysis highly suggested this variant as damaging for protein function. The present study increases the mutation spectrum of the VPS13B gene and could be useful in genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling in Cohen syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Omidi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Kolsoum Saeidi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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17
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Izzo G, Toto V, Doneda C, Parazzini C, Lanna M, Bulfamante G, Righini A. Fetal thick corpus callosum: new insights from neuroimaging and neuropathology in two cases and literature review. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:2139-2148. [PMID: 34021362 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the correlation between fetal imaging (in vivo and ex vivo) and neuropathology in two fetuses at early gestational age (GA) with isolated thick corpus callosum (CC), a rare finding whose pathological significance and neuropathology data are scarce. METHODS Two fetuses at 21-week GA underwent fetal MRI (fMRI) for suspected callosal anomalies at ultrasound (US). After fMRI results, termination of pregnancy (TOP) was carried out and post-mortem MRI (pmMRI) was performed. Neuropathology correlation consisted in macro and microscopic evaluation with sections prepared for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Fetal imaging confirmed in both cases the presence of a shorter and thicker CC with respect to the reference standard at the same GA, without a clear distinction between its different parts. Moreover, on pmMRI, an abnormal slightly T2-weighted hyperintense layer along the superior and inferior surface of CC was noted in both cases. At histopathology, these findings corresponded to an increased amount of white matter tracts but also to an abnormal representation of embryological structures that contribute to CC development, naming induseum griseum (IG) and the glioepithelial layer (GL) of the "callosal sling." After reviewing the literature data, we confirmed the recent embryological theory regarding the CC development and provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the abnormal cases. CONCLUSIONS An abnormally thick CC at the early fetal period could be associated to an abnormal representation of the midline glia structures, so to result in potential disturbance of the axon guidance mechanism of callosal formation and eventually in CC dysgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana Izzo
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Toto
- Department of Health Sciences, Pathology Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Doneda
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Lanna
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, Pathology Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi , Via Castelvetro, 32 20154, Milan, Italy
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18
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Ocular involvement in two siblings with Cohen's syndrome. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:e437-e440. [PMID: 33814305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Coursimault J, Lecoquierre F, Saugier-Veber P, Drouin-Garraud V, Lechevallier J, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Frebourg T, Nicolas G, Brehin AC. Hypersociability associated with developmental delay, macrocephaly and facial dysmorphism points to CHD3 mutations. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104166. [PMID: 33571694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CHD3-related syndrome, also known as Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome, is a rare developmental disorder described in 2018, caused by de novo pathogenic variants in the CHD3 gene. This syndrome is characterized by global developmental delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia and behavioral disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Typical dysmorphic features include macrocephaly, hypertelorism, enophthalmia, sparse eyebrows, bulging forehead, midface hypoplasia, prominent nose and pointed chin. To our knowledge, there have been no other clinical descriptions of patients since the initial publication. We report the clinical description of a 21-year-old patient harboring a pathogenic de novo variant in CHD3. We reviewed the clinical features of the 35 previously reported patients. Main features were severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic facies, macrocephaly, cryptorchidism, pectus carinatum, severe ophthalmologic abnormalities and behavioral disorders including ASD, and a frank happy demeanor. Hypersociability, which was a noticeable clinical feature in our case, despite ASD, is an uncommon behavioral feature in syndromic intellectual disabilities. Our report supports hypersociability as a suggestive feature of CHD3-related syndrome along with developmental delay, macrocephaly and a dysmorphic facies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Coursimault
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - François Lecoquierre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Joël Lechevallier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rouen University Hospital, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Brehin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and reference center for developmental disorders, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000 Rouen, France.
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20
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Rakusiewicz K, Kanigowska K, Hautz W, Wicher D, Młynek M, Wyszyńska M, Rogowska A, Jędrzejczak-Młodziejewska J, Danowska M, Czeszyk A. Coexistence of bilateral macular edema and pale optic disc in the patient with Cohen syndrome. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:156-160. [PMID: 33542958 PMCID: PMC7819545 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cohen syndrome (Q87.8;ORPHA:193; OMIM#216550) is an autosomal recessive inherited genetic disorder caused by mutation in the VPS13B/COH1 gene. It is characterized by variable clinical symptoms such as deformity of the head, face, hands and feet, eye abnormalities, abdominal obesity, neutropenia and nonprogressive intellectual disability. The typical lesions in the eyeball in Cohen syndrome include high myopia, retinal dystrophy, strabismus, maculopathy and lens subluxation. The present study describes the coexistence of bilateral macular edema with pale optic disc in a patient with a homozygous deletion in the VPS13B/COH1 gene. Material and methods A 6-year-old Caucasian girl with facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, prominent upper incisors, narrow hands with slender fingers, congenital heart defect and ophthalmic symptoms was subjected to genetic testing. The genetic evaluation revealed a homozygous deletion on the long arm of chromosome 8 encompassing 20-25 exons of the VPS13 gene, as confirmed by Cohen syndrome. She underwent a full ophthalmological examination with the assessment of slit lamp examination of anterior segment and fundoscopy, refraction error, biometry, central corneal thickness and additionally electroretinography, optical coherence tomography and fundus photography. Results In the ophthalmologic examination, the girl had bilateral astigmatism accompanied by myopia and a marked reduction in central corneal thickness. Fundus examination showed pale optic nerve discs and "salt and pepper" retinopathy. Bilateral cystic macular edema was revealed in handheld optical coherence tomography. Electroretinography showed a reduced response amplitude of cones and rods. Conclusion In a patient with high myopia, macular edema, pale optic disc and facial dysmorphism, Cohen syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The severity of individual clinical features in patients with Cohen syndrome varies. It can be assumed that the type of mutation affects the occurrence and severity of individual symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Rakusiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Kanigowska
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hautz
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Wicher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Młynek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wyszyńska
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rogowska
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Danowska
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Czeszyk
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Drole Torkar A, Avbelj Stefanija M, Bertok S, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Debeljak M, Stirn Kranjc B, Battelino T, Kotnik P. Novel Insights Into Monogenic Obesity Syndrome Due to INPP5E Gene Variant: A Case Report of a Female Patient. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:581134. [PMID: 34211432 PMCID: PMC8241224 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.581134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A Caucasian girl with consanguineous parents presented with early severe obesity and retinal dystrophy. A novel, homozygous gene truncating variant (c.1897C>T) in the INPP5E gene confirmed the diagnosis of MORMS (OMIM #610156). A novel clinical finding in the presented syndrome is progressive cone-rod type retinal dystrophy diagnosed at the age of four months that progressed in the 1st decade of life. Severe obesity, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinism, and impaired glucose tolerance developed alongside other components of the metabolic syndrome - dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, and obstructive hypopnea in sleep. At the age of 14 years, primary amenorrhea persists. The patient is managed by regular nutritional advice, metformin, antihypertensive medication, and non-invasive respiratory support during sleep. Differential diagnosis of this rare entity is discussed in extend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Drole Torkar
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Bertok
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- University Children’s Hospital, Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Debeljak
- University Children’s Hospital, Unit of Special Laboratory Diagnostics, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Branislava Stirn Kranjc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Eye Hospital, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Kotnik
- University Children’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Primož Kotnik,
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22
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Li L, Bu X, Ji Y, Tan P, Liu S. A Novel Homozygous VPS13B Splice-Site Mutation Causing the Skipping of Exon 38 in a Chinese Family With Cohen Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:651621. [PMID: 33959574 PMCID: PMC8093766 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.651621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cohen syndrome (CS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by extensive phenotypic variation with autosomal recessive inheritance. VPS13B was identified to be the disease-causing gene for CS. The objectives of the present study were to screen likely pathogenic mutations of the patient with developmental delay and mental retardation, and to determinate the effect of this splice-site mutation by reverse transcription analysis. Methods: Whole exome sequencing (WES) in combination with Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the causative mutations of this CS family. Subsequently, the impact of the intronic variant on splicing was analyzed by reverse transcription and the construction of expression vector. Results: A novel homozygous splice-site mutation (c.6940+1G>T) in the VPS13B gene was identified in this proband. Sanger sequencing analysis of the cDNA demonstrated that the c.6940+1G>T variant could cause the skipping of entire exon 38, resulting in the loss of 208 nucleotides and further give rise to the generation of a premature in-frame stop codon at code 2,247. Conclusions: The homozygous VPS13B splicing variant c.6940+1G>T was co-segregated with the CS phenotypes in this family and was identified to be the cause of CS after comprehensive consideration of the clinical manifestations, genetic analysis and cDNA sequencing result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangshan Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangmao Bu
- Department of Transfusion, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuhua Ji
- Newborn Disease Screening Centre, Yantai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Tan
- Obstetrical Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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23
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Lafon A, Faivre L, Seux D, Gautier E, Duplomb L, Grogogeat B, Marcelet A, Laforest L. Periodontal disorders in a cohort of patients with Cohen syndrome. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:118-124. [PMID: 33202072 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cohen syndrome (CS) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13B, with an intermittent presence of neutropenia. Contrary to other clinical phenotypic features, oral health has been little investigated in CS. We described oral health and dental hygiene in a cohort of CS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve CS patients with neutropenia (<1500/mm3 ) were recruited in the dental department of Dijon University Hospital (France). Patients underwent oral examination, and blood samples were collected. Oral health markers were described and compared between patients with moderate and severe neutropenia (<500/mm3 ). In 12 patients (mean age = 21.1 years, SD = 13.7, six females), 45.5% brushed at least twice daily their teeth, and the same percentage annually visited a dentist. Dental plaque index was high (mean = 1.7, SD = 1.4). So was the number of lost teeth per patient, notably among adults (mean = 13.8, SD = 9.8). Elevated markers of periodontitis were noted as percentage of bleeding dental sites (mean = 70.2%, SD = 45.2%) or Gingival Index (mean = 2.2, SD = 1.0). The severity of neutropenia was correlated to the level of tooth-loss (P = .03). CONCLUSION This study highlighted in CS patients worrisome oral health and dental follow-up in the context of intellectual disability with behavioural anomalies. More attention is needed by care-givers on oral condition in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Lafon
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France.,Enseignant chercheur du Laboratoire Parcours de Santé Systémique EA 4129-Ecole Doctorale EDISS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Seux
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, LMI UMR CNRS 5615, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Gautier
- FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Brigitte Grogogeat
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, LMI UMR CNRS 5615, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurent Laforest
- Faculté d'odontologie, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing provide exact diagnosis of Cohen syndrome in a Saudi family. Brain Dev 2020; 42:587-593. [PMID: 32402540 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare multi-system autosomal recessive disorder with a high prevalence in the Finnish population. Clinical features of Finnish-type CS are homogeneous, however, in non-Finnish populations, CS diagnosis is challenging due to broad phenotypic variability. METHODS We studied a consanguineous family having three affected individuals with clinical features of severe intellectual disability and global developmental delay. Clinical diagnosis of the phenotype could not be established based on the features. Therefore, whole genome SNP genotyping and whole exome sequencing (WES) were performed on DNA samples from affected and unaffected family members. RESULTS Homozygosity mapping identified a shared loss of heterozygosity region on chromosome 8q22.1-q22.3 and WES data analysis revealed an insertion-deletion (indel) mutation (c.11519_11521delCAAinsT) in the VPS13B gene. The indel is predicted to cause a frameshift resulting in a premature termination of the VPS13B protein (NP_060360.3:p.Pro3840Leufs*2). CONCLUSION VPS13B encodes a giant transmembrane protein called vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B. VPS13B is known to play a role in the glycosylation of Golgi proteins and in endosomal-lysosomal trafficking. Moreover, it is thought to function in vesicle mediated transport and sorting of proteins within the cell. The mechanism by which abnormalities of the VPS13B protein lead to the phenotype of CS is currently unknown. Here, in this study, we successfully established a clinical diagnosis of CS cases from a family using genomic analyses. Clinical re-examination of the patients revealed characteristic ocular abnormalities.
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25
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A novel VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome: a case report and review of literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:140. [PMID: 32605629 PMCID: PMC7325105 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Cohen syndrome, an autosomal recessive syndrome, is a rare syndrome with diverse clinical manifestations including failure to thrive, hypotonia, hypermobile joints, microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, craniofacial and limb anomalies, neutropenia and a friendly character. It is associated with mutations of the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B) gene, which is involved in the development of the ocular, hematological and central nervous systems. This gene encodes a transmembrane protein playing a crucial role in preserving the integrity of the Golgi complex. To date, more than 150 mutations of VPS13B have been reported in over 200 Cohen syndrome patients. Missense or nonsense mutations are the most common mutations. Case presentation A 4-year-old girl, born to consanguineous parents, was referred to the pediatric clinical immunology outpatient clinic for investigation of recurrent neutropenia with a history of recurrent infections in the past year. On physical examination, she had the characteristic facial features of Cohen syndrome, developmental delay and speech disorder. She had a cheerful disposition, and her mother gave a history of feeding difficulties in her first months of life. She did not present any ophthalmologic or cardiac abnormalities. Her lab results revealed moderate neutropenia. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE levels were normal. She fulfilled the clinical diagnostic criteria for Cohen syndrome. WES revealed a novel homozygous frameshift variant in VPS13B (LRG_351t1: c.7095del; p.Ser2366AlafsTer49). Currently, she is not experiencing any severe problem, and she undergoes irregular medical treatment once her neutrophil count decreases under the normal limit. Her verbal and motor abilities have improved as a result of speech and occupational therapies. Conclusion We reported a novel homozygous frameshift variant in VPS13B (LRG_351t1: c.7095del; p.Ser2366AlafsTer49) in a 4-year-old girl with Cohen syndrome. Cohen syndrome should be considered in differential diagnosis of any child with intellectual disability and neutropenia.
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26
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Boschann F, Fischer-Zirnsak B, Wienker TF, Holtgrewe M, Seelow D, Eichhorn B, Döhnert S, Fahsold R, Horn D, Graul-Neumann LM. An intronic splice site alteration in combination with a large deletion affecting VPS13B (COH1) causes Cohen syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103973. [PMID: 32505691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intellectual disability, postnatal microcephaly, facial abnormalities, abnormal truncal fat distribution, myopia, and pigmentary retinopathy. It is often considered an underdiagnosed condition, especially in children with developmental delay and intellectual disability. Here we report on four individuals from a large Jordanian family clinically diagnosed with CS. Using Trio Exome Sequencing (Trio-WES) and MLPA analyses we identified a maternally inherited novel intronic nucleotide substitution c.3446-23T>G leading to the activation of a cryptic splice site and a paternally inherited multi-exon deletion in VPS13B (previously termed COH1) in the index patient. Expression analysis showed a strong decrease of VPS13B mRNA levels and direct sequencing of cDNA confirmed splicing at a cryptic upstream splice acceptor site, resulting in the inclusion of 22 intronic bases. This extension results in a frameshift and a premature stop of translation (p.Gly1149Valfs*9). Segregation analysis revealed that three affected maternal cousins were homozygous for the intronic splice site variant. Our data show causality of both alterations and strongly suggest the expansion of the diagnostic strategy to search for intronic splice variants in molecularly unconfirmed patients affected by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Boschann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, RG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Björn Fischer-Zirnsak
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, RG Development & Disease, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Wienker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Dept. Human Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Holtgrewe
- Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité - Zentrum für Therapieforschung, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Seelow
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Berliner Institut für Gesundheitsforschung (BIH), RG Bioinformatics and Translational Genetics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Eichhorn
- MVZ Mitteldeutscher Praxisverbund Humangenetik GmbH, Friedrichstrasse 38-40, 01067, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffi Döhnert
- MVZ Mitteldeutscher Praxisverbund Humangenetik GmbH, Friedrichstrasse 38-40, 01067, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raimund Fahsold
- MVZ Mitteldeutscher Praxisverbund Humangenetik GmbH, Friedrichstrasse 38-40, 01067, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luitgard M Graul-Neumann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Nasser F, Kurtenbach A, Biskup S, Weidensee S, Kohl S, Zrenner E. Ophthalmic features of retinitis pigmentosa in Cohen syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the VPS13B gene. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e316-e321. [PMID: 31580008 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to report on the phenotype and genotype of five patients diagnosed with Cohen syndrome, an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder manifesting with mental and physiological defects. METHODS Five patients from three German families and one Syrian family underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. The scheduled visual acuity measurements, fundus ophthalmoscopy, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), full-field electrophysiological recordings of scotopic and photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) and colour vision testing could not be carried out in all subjects, because of the mental and physical retardation. The genetic diagnosis was achieved by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The ophthalmic and systemic phenotype of the patients is typical for Cohen syndrome including myopia, night blindness, photophobia, fundus pigmentary changes and bull's eye maculopathy. Electroretinograms (ERGs) were extinguished in the four patients, whose recording was possible. Genetic testing revealed homozygous or two heterozygous bi-allelic mutations in the VPS13B (COH1) gene in all five patients, with five different allelic variants observed. The homozygous mutation c.6055_6056delGA; p.Asp2019Glnfs*15 in two sibling patients as well as the homozygous nonsense mutation c.8112C>G;p.Tyr2704* have not previously been reported. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of the five patients reported here is typical for Cohen syndrome; however, their genotype is heterogeneous. Two new allelic variants were found to be the causative mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Nasser
- Centre for Ophthalmology University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anne Kurtenbach
- Centre for Ophthalmology University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | | | | | - Susanne Kohl
- Centre for Ophthalmology University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Centre for Ophthalmology University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
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28
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Kaushik P, Mahajan N, Girimaji SC, Kumar A. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Homozygous Duplication Mutation in the VPS13B Gene in an Indian Family with Cohen Syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1225-1228. [PMID: 32170714 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder, characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, progressive retinopathy, neutropenia, truncal obesity, joint laxity, characteristic facial, ophthalmic, oral and appendage abnormalities, and an over friendly behavior. It has been linked to mutations in the VPS13B gene. The main purpose of this study was to determine the genetic cause of CS in an Indian family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify the genetic cause of CS in the family. The WES analysis identified a homozygous novel duplication mutation c.5272dupG in the VPS13B gene, leading to formation of a truncating protein. The present study will be advantageous in genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling in CS, and increases the mutational spectrum of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankhuri Kaushik
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Naresh Mahajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Satish C Girimaji
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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29
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Koehler K, Schuelke M, Hell AK, Schittkowski M, Huebner A, Brockmann K. A novel homozygous nonsense mutation of VPS13B associated with previously unreported features of Cohen syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:570-575. [PMID: 31825161 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B; formerly COH1) gene. The core clinical phenotype comprises a characteristic facial gestalt, marked developmental delay, and myopia. Additional, nonobligatory features include obesity, microcephaly, short stature, muscular hypotonia, scoliosis, narrow hands and feet, progressive retinopathy, as well as neutropenia. Here we report a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the VPS13B gene and previously undescribed clinical features in a 19-year-old woman with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and a particular facial appearance. The patient showed several features consistent with CS. In addition, the parents observed congenital alacrima and anhidrosis persisting until onset of puberty. The diagnosis was not established based on the clinical phenotype. We performed whole-genome sequencing and identified a novel homozygous nonsense mutation c.62T>G (NM_152564.4), p.(Leu21*) in the VPS13B gene. Our findings extended the previously reported phenotype of CS. We conclude that transient, prepubertal alacrima and anhidrosis are part of the phenotypic spectrum of CS associated with a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in the VPS13B gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Koehler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna K Hell
- Pediatric Orthopaedics; Department of Trauma, Orthopaedic and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schittkowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Section for Strabismus, Neuroophthalmology and Oculoplastics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Huebner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Zhao S, Luo Z, Xiao Z, Li L, Zhao R, Yang Y, Zhong Y. Case report: two novel VPS13B mutations in a Chinese family with Cohen syndrome and hyperlinear palms. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:187. [PMID: 31752730 PMCID: PMC6873578 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohen syndrome (CS) is an uncommon developmental disease with evident clinical heterogeneity. VPS13B is the only gene responsible for CS. Only few sporadic cases of CS have been reported in China. CASE PRESENTATION A Chinese family with two offspring-patients affected by developmental delay and intellectual disability was investigated in this study. Exome sequencing was performed, and compound heterozygous mutations in VPS13B were segregated for family members with autosomal recessive disorder. Splicing mutation c.3666 + 1G > T (exon 24) and nonsense mutation c. 9844 A > T:p.K3282X (exon 54) were novel. We revisited the family and learned that both patients are affected by microcephaly, developmental delay, neutropenia, and myopia and have a friendly disposition, all of which are consistent with CS phenotypes. We also found that both patients have hyperlinear palms, which their parents do not have. VPS13B mutations reported among the Chinese population were reviewed accordingly. CONCLUSIONS This study presents two novel VPS13B mutations in CS. The identification of hyperlinear palms in a family affected by CS expands the phenotype spectrum of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, China.,Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenqing Luo
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhenghui Xiao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Liping Li
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Yongjia Yang
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Research Institute (HCRI), Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, China.
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Child Healthcare, Hunan Children's Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
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31
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Abu Diab A, AlTalbishi A, Rosin B, Kanaan M, Kamal L, Swaroop A, Chowers I, Banin E, Sharon D, Khateb S. The combination of whole-exome sequencing and clinical analysis allows better diagnosis of rare syndromic retinal dystrophies. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:e877-e886. [PMID: 30925032 PMCID: PMC11377105 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the accurate clinical diagnosis of rare syndromic inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) based on the combination of clinical and genetic analyses. METHODS Four unrelated families with various autosomal recessive syndromic inherited retinal diseases were genetically investigated using whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Two affected subjects in family MOL0760 presented with a distinctive combination of short stature, developmental delay, congenital mental retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Subjects were clinically diagnosed with suspected Kabuki syndrome. WES revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.5492dup, p.Asn1831Lysfs*8) in VPS13B that is known to cause Cohen syndrome. The index case of family MOL1514 presented with both RP and liver dysfunction, suspected initially to be related. WES identified a homozygous frameshift mutation (c.1787_1788del, p.His596Argfs*47) in AGBL5, associated with nonsyndromic RP. The MOL1592 family included three affected subjects with crystalline retinopathy, skin ichthyosis, short stature and congenital adrenal hypoplasia, and were found to harbour a homozygous nonsense mutation (c.682C>T, p.Arg228Cys) in ALDH3A2, reported to cause Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS). In the fourth family, SJ002, two siblings presented with hypotony, psychomotor delay, dysmorphic facial features, pathologic myopia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia and diffuse retinal atrophy. Probands were suspected to have atypical Kearns-Sayre syndrome, but were diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-20 due to a novel suspected missense variant (c.1691C>T, p.Ala564Val) in VARS2. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the important complement of WES and thorough clinical investigation in establishing precise clinical diagnosis. This approach constitutes the basis for personalized medicine in rare IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abu Diab
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Boris Rosin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moien Kanaan
- Hereditary Research Lab, Bethlehem University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lara Kamal
- Hereditary Research Lab, Bethlehem University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Itay Chowers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Banin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Samer Khateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Walkovich K, Connelly JA. Congenital Neutropenia and Rare Functional Phagocyte Disorders in Children. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2019; 33:533-551. [PMID: 31030818 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both profound neutropenia and functional phagocyte disorders render patients susceptible to recurrent, unusual, and/or life-threatening infections. Many disorders also have nonhematologic manifestations and a substantial risk of leukemogenesis. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion and interrogation of the complete blood count with differential/bone marrow examination coupled with immunologic and genetic analyses. Treatment of the quantitative neutrophil disorders depends on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, whereas management of functional phagocyte disease is reliant on antimicrobials and/or targeted therapies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only curative option for most disorders but is not used on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Walkovich
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, D4202 Medical Professional Building, SPC 5718, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA.
| | - James A Connelly
- Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 397 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232-6310, USA
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33
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Duplomb L, Rivière J, Jego G, Da Costa R, Hammann A, Racine J, Schmitt A, Droin N, Capron C, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Dubrez L, Aral B, Lafon A, Edery P, Ghoumid J, Blair E, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Carmignac V, Thevenon J, Guy J, Girodon F, Bastie JN, Delva L, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C, Solary E. Serpin B1 defect and increased apoptosis of neutrophils in Cohen syndrome neutropenia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:633-645. [PMID: 30843084 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder due to mutations in VPS13B gene. Among various clinical and biological features, CS patients suffer from inconsistent neutropenia, which is associated with recurrent but minor infections. We demonstrate here that this neutropenia results from an exaggerate rate of neutrophil apoptosis. Besides this increased cell death, which occurs in the absence of any endoplasmic reticulum stress or defect in neutrophil elastase (ELANE) expression or localization, all neutrophil functions appeared to be normal. We showed a disorganization of the Golgi apparatus in CS neutrophils precursors, that correlates with an altered glycosylation of ICAM-1 in these cells, as evidenced by a migration shift of the protein. Furthermore, a striking decrease in the expression of SERPINB1 gene, which encodes a critical component of neutrophil survival, was detected in CS neutrophils. These abnormalities may account for the excessive apoptosis of neutrophils leading to neutropenia in CS. KEY MESSAGES: Cohen syndrome patients' neutrophils display normal morphology and functions. Cohen syndrome patients' neutrophils have an increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis compared to healthy donors' neutrophils. No ER stress or defective ELA2 expression or glycosylation was observed in Cohen syndrome patients' neutrophils. SerpinB1 expression is significantly decreased in Cohen syndrome neutrophils as well as in VPS13B-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Duplomb
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Julie Rivière
- Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Gaëtan Jego
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Da Costa
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Arlette Hammann
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jessica Racine
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75679, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, F-75674, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, F-75000, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Claude Capron
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75679, Paris, France.,Cnrs, UMR8104, F-75674, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, F-75000, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Gougerot-Pocidalo
- Inserm U1149-Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, F-75890, Paris, France.,Unité Dysfonctionnement Immunitaire, CHU Xavier Bichat, F-75877, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Dubrez
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Aral
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Lafon
- Laboratoire d'odontologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de génétique clinique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU Lyon, HCL, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres, CHRU Lille, F-59037, Lille, France
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Regional Genetics Service, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Virginie Carmignac
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Guy
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | - Jean-Noël Bastie
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire d'hématologie, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Delva
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Inserm UMR1231, Team Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 15 bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 21089, F-21000, Dijon, France.,FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.,Centre de référence Déficience Intellectuelle, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Solary
- Inserm UMR1170, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, F-94800, Villejuif, France
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Furutani E, Newburger PE, Shimamura A. Neutropenia in the age of genetic testing: Advances and challenges. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:384-393. [PMID: 30536760 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Identification of genetic causes of neutropenia informs precision medicine approaches to medical management and treatment. Accurate diagnosis of genetic neutropenia disorders informs treatment options, enables risk stratification, cancer surveillance, and attention to associated medical complications. The rapidly expanding genetic testing options for the evaluation of neutropenia have led to exciting advances but also new challenges. This review provides a practical guide to germline genetic testing for neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Furutani
- Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Boston MA
| | - Peter E. Newburger
- Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Boston MA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA
| | - Akiko Shimamura
- Dana Farber and Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Boston MA
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35
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Congenital neutropenia and primary immunodeficiency diseases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 133:149-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Leombroni M, Khalil A, Liberati M, D'Antonio F. Fetal midline anomalies: Diagnosis and counselling Part 1: Corpus callosum anomalies. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:951-962. [PMID: 30448279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Midline anomalies encompasses a heterogeneous group of conditions caused by an abnormal process of ventral induction after the end of primary neurulation. Advances in prenatal imaging techniques have led to an increase in the detection rate of such anomalies since the first trimester of pregnancy although a significant proportion of them remain undiagnosed until birth. Ultrasound is the primary technique in detecting such anomalies while fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed to confirm the diagnosis and detect additional anomalies, especially those involving the cortical surface of the brain, which may potentially impact post-natal outcome. Neurodevelopmental outcome of cerebral anomalies involving the midline is directly related to the type of anomaly, cause and presence of associated anomalies. However, even in case of isolated anomalies prenatal counselling is challenging. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date on the diagnosis, counselling and management of the most common supra-tentorial anomalies involving the midline and diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leombroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Division of Developmental Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Liberati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Antonio
- Womenś Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Rodrigues JM, Fernandes HD, Caruthers C, Braddock SR, Knutsen AP. Cohen Syndrome: Review of the Literature. Cureus 2018; 10:e3330. [PMID: 30473963 PMCID: PMC6248805 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen syndrome was initially described as a syndrome including obesity, hypotonia, mental deficiency, and facial, oral, ocular and limb anomalies. Leukopenia, especially neutropenia, was later described as a feature of Cohen syndrome. Cohen syndrome is caused by an autosomal recessive (AR) mutation of the vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B (VPS13B, also referred to as COH1) gene on chromosome 8q22.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Rodrigues
- Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, USA
| | - Hermina D Fernandes
- Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bismarck, USA
| | | | | | - Alan P Knutsen
- Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
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Uyhazi KE, Binenbaum G, Carducci N, Zackai EH, Aleman TS. Early photoreceptor outer segment loss and retinoschisis in Cohen syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:399-404. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1459735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Uyhazi
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gil Binenbaum
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Carducci
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomas S. Aleman
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wagner MW, Poretti A, Benson JE, Huisman TAGM. Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Genetic Skeletal Disorders: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:162-209. [PMID: 28000960 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized by an intrinsic abnormality in growth and (re-)modeling of cartilage and bone. A large subgroup of GSDs has additional involvement of other structures/organs beside the skeleton, such as the central nervous system (CNS). CNS abnormalities have an important role in long-term prognosis of children with GSDs and should consequently not be missed. Sensitive and specific identification of CNS lesions while evaluating a child with a GSD requires a detailed knowledge of the possible associated CNS abnormalities. Here, we provide a pattern-recognition approach for neuroimaging findings in GSDs guided by the obvious skeletal manifestations of GSD. In particular, we summarize which CNS findings should be ruled out with each GSD. The diseases (n = 180) are classified based on the skeletal involvement (1. abnormal metaphysis or epiphysis, 2. abnormal size/number of bones, 3. abnormal shape of bones and joints, and 4. abnormal dynamic or structural changes). For each disease, skeletal involvement was defined in accordance with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Morphological CNS involvement has been described based on extensive literature search. Selected examples will be shown based on prevalence of the diseases and significance of the CNS involvement. CNS involvement is common in GSDs. A wide spectrum of morphological abnormalities is associated with GSDs. Early diagnosis of CNS involvement is important in the management of children with GSDs. This pattern-recognition approach aims to assist and guide physicians in the diagnostic work-up of CNS involvement in children with GSDs and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Wagner
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jane E Benson
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Exome sequencing identifies pathogenic variants of VPS13B in a patient with familial 16p11.2 duplication. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:78. [PMID: 27832746 PMCID: PMC5105257 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The recurrent microduplication of 16p11.2 (dup16p11.2) is associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) confounded by incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. This inter- and intra-familial clinical variability highlights the importance of personalized genetic counselling in individuals at-risk. Case presentation In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to look for other genomic alterations that could explain the clinical variability in a family with a boy presenting with NDD who inherited the dup16p11.2 from his apparently healthy mother. We identified novel splicing variants of VPS13B (8q22.2) in the proband with compound heterozygous inheritance. Two VPS13B mutations abolished the canonical splice sites resulting in low RNA expression in transformed lymphoblasts of the proband. VPS13B mutation causes Cohen syndrome (CS) consistent with the proband’s phenotype (intellectual disability (ID), microcephaly, facial gestalt, retinal dystrophy, joint hypermobility and neutropenia). The new diagnosis of CS has important health implication for the proband, provides the opportunity for more meaningful and accurate genetic counselling for the family; and underscores the importance of longitudinally following patients for evolving phenotypic features. Conclusions This is the first report of a co-occurrence of pathogenic variants with familial dup16p11.2. Our finding suggests that the variable expressivity among carriers of rare putatively pathogenic CNVs such as dup16p11.2 warrants further study by WES and individualized genetic counselling of families with such CNVs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0340-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Shinar S, Har-Toov J, Lerman-Sagie T, Malinger G. Thick corpus callosum in the second trimester can be transient and is of uncertain significance. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2016; 48:452-457. [PMID: 26282069 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depiction of a thick corpus callosum (CC) in utero is rare, and is generally associated with severe brain anomalies. Our aim was to describe a group of fetuses diagnosed during second-trimester ultrasound examination as having an apparently isolated thick CC, which normalized subsequently in the cases followed to term. METHODS Among 59 fetuses referred to the Ob-Gyn Ultrasound Division of Lis Maternity Hospital with suspected callosal anomalies between January 2013 and June 2014, we identified nine cases with an apparently isolated thick CC for inclusion in this retrospective cohort study. Length and body thickness of the CC were compared with previously published nomograms. Fetuses with a suspected isolated thick CC were identified and followed until delivery or termination of pregnancy (TOP). Evaluation consisted of chromosomal analysis, at least one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and repeat ultrasound examinations. Postnatal evaluation included brain ultrasound examination, MRI when indicated and neurodevelopmental assessment through validated pediatric questionnaires. RESULTS The nine fetuses were diagnosed with an apparently isolated thick CC at a mean gestational age of 23 + 5 (range, 21-29) weeks. Eight exhibited a CC body thickness ≥ 2SD above the mean for gestational age and one exhibited only a thickened genu. Six also exhibited a relatively short CC. Two patients opted for TOP but declined autopsy. In five of the seven remaining fetuses, the CC thickness normalized during follow-up. In the remaining two, the increased CC thickness was a variant of the cingulate sulcus. The CC length remained ≤ 2SD in five of the six fetuses with a short CC. Fetal MRI was performed and confirmed the diagnosis in six fetuses. The karyotype was normal in all fetuses. Short-term neurodevelopmental outcome was reported as normal in all six children with complete follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of fetuses in our study is relatively small, it seems that an apparently isolated thick CC is not necessarily associated with poor prognosis. In such cases, a definitive diagnosis should not be reached based on a single measurement and repeat follow-up examinations during the third trimester are recommended. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shinar
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Ob-Gyn Ultrasound Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Har-Toov
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - T Lerman-Sagie
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Fetal Neurology Clinic, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - G Malinger
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Ob-Gyn Ultrasound Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Adameyko I, Fried K. The Nervous System Orchestrates and Integrates Craniofacial Development: A Review. Front Physiol 2016; 7:49. [PMID: 26924989 PMCID: PMC4759458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a head is a dazzlingly complex process: a number of distinct cellular sources including cranial ecto- and endoderm, mesoderm and neural crest contribute to facial and other structures. In the head, an extremely fine-tuned developmental coordination of CNS, peripheral neural components, sensory organs and a musculo-skeletal apparatus occurs, which provides protection and functional integration. The face can to a large extent be considered as an assembly of sensory systems encased and functionally fused with appendages represented by jaws. Here we review how the developing brain, neurogenic placodes and peripheral nerves influence the morphogenesis of surrounding tissues as a part of various general integrative processes in the head. The mechanisms of this impact, as we understand it now, span from the targeted release of the morphogens necessary for shaping to providing a niche for cellular sources required in later development. In this review we also discuss the most recent findings and ideas related to how peripheral nerves and nerve-associated cells contribute to craniofacial development, including teeth, during the post- neural crest period and potentially in regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center of Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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Limoge F, Faivre L, Gautier T, Petit JM, Gautier E, Masson D, Jego G, El Chehadeh-Djebbar S, Marle N, Carmignac V, Deckert V, Brindisi MC, Edery P, Ghoumid J, Blair E, Lagrost L, Thauvin-Robinet C, Duplomb L. Insulin response dysregulation explains abnormal fat storage and increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 in Cohen Syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6603-13. [PMID: 26358774 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohen Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, with defective glycosylation secondary to mutations in the VPS13B gene, which encodes a protein of the Golgi apparatus. Besides congenital neutropenia, retinopathy and intellectual deficiency, CS patients are faced with truncal obesity. Metabolism investigations showed abnormal glucose tolerance tests and low HDL values in some patients, and these could be risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular complications. To understand the mechanisms involved in CS fat storage, we used two models of adipogenesis differentiation: (i) SGBS pre-adipocytes with VPS13B invalidation thanks to siRNA delivery and (ii) CS primary fibroblasts. In both models, VPS13B invalidation led to accelerated differentiation into fat cells, which was confirmed by the earlier and increased expression of specific adipogenic genes, consequent to the increased response of cells to insulin stimulation. At the end of the differentiation protocol, these fat cells exhibited decreased AKT2 phosphorylation after insulin stimulation, which suggests insulin resistance. This study, in association with the in-depth analysis of the metabolic status of the patients, thus allowed us to recommend appropriate nutritional education to prevent the occurrence of diabetes mellitus and to put forward recommendations for the follow-up of CS patients, in particular with regard to the development of metabolic syndrome. We also suggest replacing the term obesity by abnormal fat distribution in CS, which should reduce the number of inappropriate diagnoses in patients who are referred only on the basis of intellectual deficiency associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Limoge
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, Hôpital d'enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- LNC UMR866, INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Elodie Gautier
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, Hôpital d'enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- LNC UMR866, INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Gaëtan Jego
- LNC UMR866, INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh-Djebbar
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, Hôpital d'enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Marle
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, Hôpital d'enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Valérie Deckert
- LNC UMR866, INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Patrick Edery
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, CHU Lyon, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs Nord, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres, CHRU Lille, Lille, France and
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford Regional Genetics Service, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- LNC UMR866, INSERM, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, Hôpital d'enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- Génétique des Anomalies du Développement GAD EA4271, Univeristé de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France, FHU TRANSLAD, Département de Génétique, Hôpital d'enfants, CHU Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France,
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Cardiovascular abnormalities in primary immunodeficiency diseases. LYMPHOSIGN JOURNAL-THE JOURNAL OF INHERITED IMMUNE DISORDERS 2015. [DOI: 10.14785/lpsn-2014-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of patients with primary immune deficiency (PID) are being recognized as also suffering from cardiovascular system (CVS) abnormalities. These CVS defects might be explained by infectious or autoimmune etiologies, as well as by the role of specific genes and the immune system in the development and function of CVS tissues. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of the clinical, potentially pathogenic mechanisms, and the management of PID, as well as the associated immune and CVS defects. In addition to some well-known associations of PID with CVS abnormalities, such as DiGeorge syndrome and CHARGE anomaly, we describe the cardiac defects associated with Omenn syndrome, calcium channel deficiencies, DNA repair defects, common variable immunodeficiency, Roifman syndrome, various neutrophil/macrophage defects, FADD deficiency, and HOIL1 deficiency. Moreover, we detail the vascular abnormalities recognized in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic granulomatous disease, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Schimke immuno-osseus dysplasia, hyper-IgE syndrome, MonoMAC syndrome, and X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. In conclusion, the expanding spectrum of PID requires increased alertness to the possibility of CVS involvement as an important contributor to the diagnosis and management of these patients.
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Kariminejad A, Nafissi S, Nilipoor Y, Tavasoli A, Van Veldhoven PP, Bonnard C, Ng YT, Majoie CB, Reversade B, Hennekam RC. Intellectual disability, muscle weakness and characteristic face in three siblings: A newly described recessive syndrome mapping to 3p24.3-p25.3. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2508-15. [PMID: 26192890 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a sister and two brothers born to healthy Iranian parents with mild intellectual disability, progressive muscle weakness, and characteristic facies. including highly arched eyebrows, down-slanting palpebral fissures, prominent nasal bridge, prominent nose, columella extending below alae nasi, narrow mouth, narrow palate, and dental caries, and in one of them an inability to abduct the left eye. Electrophysiological studies showed signs of myopathy, and muscle biopsies demonstrated only nonspecific signs. Brain MRIs in two of the sibs showed leukencephalopathy with delayed myelination, frontal and parietal hyperintensities, and hippocampal atrophy in one. We have been unable to find a description of this association of features in literature. Based on the occurrence in siblings, no significant difference in phenotype between the brothers and sister, absence of manifestations in parents, and a likely consanguinity between parents we performed a homozygosity mapping. A single identical-by-descent bloc encompassing 57 genes located at 3p24.3-p25.3 was found to segregate within the family with this phenotype. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Nilipoor
- Pediatric Pathology Research Center, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavasoli
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics Centre of Excellence, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Charles B Majoie
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ye Y, Carlsson G, Karlsson-Sjöberg JMT, Borregaard N, Modéer TU, Andersson ML, Pütsep KLA. The antimicrobial propeptide hCAP-18 plasma levels in neutropenia of various aetiologies: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11685. [PMID: 26119962 PMCID: PMC4484407 DOI: 10.1038/srep11685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying cause of neutropenia may be difficult to determine due to similar clinical presentation in many neutropenic conditions. The neutrophil protein hCAP-18 (pro-LL-37) is a major component of neutrophil secondary granules and in this prospective study we assessed the use of hCAP-18 levels in blood plasma for differential diagnosis of neutropenic patients (n = 133) of various aetiologies. Plasma levels of hCAP-18 were determined using immunoblot and ELISA. Patients with severe congenital neutropenia (n = 23) presented with the lowest levels of plasma hCAP-18 and differential diagnostic accuracy revealed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.8%) for hCAP-18 ELISA. The correlation coefficient of the hCAP-18 ELISA versus immunoblotting was (R = 0.831) and that of the peptide LL-37 ELISA versus immunoblotting was (R = 0.405) (P < 0.001). Plasma hCAP-18 levels thus displayed high diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of chronic neutropenia. Neutropenic patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Barth syndrome, Cohen syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia and specific granule deficiency presented with reduced plasma hCAP-18 levels as well. The blood plasma level of hCAP-18 was thus low in conditions in which the neutrophil antibacterial propeptide hCAP-18 is deficient, i.e. severe congenital neutropenia and neutrophil-specific granule deficiency, and in conditions in which bone marrow myelopoiesis is negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Göran Carlsson
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niels Borregaard
- The Granulocyte Research Laboratory, Department of Haematology, National University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas U. Modéer
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats L. Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin L-A. Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Rafiq MA, Leblond CS, Saqib MAN, Vincent AK, Ambalavanan A, Khan FS, Ayaz M, Shaheen N, Spiegelman D, Ali G, Amin-ud-Din M, Laurent S, Mahmood H, Christian M, Ali N, Fennell A, Nanjiani Z, Egger G, Caron C, Waqas A, Ayub M, Rasheed S, Forgeot d'Arc B, Johnson A, So J, Brohi MQ, Mottron L, Ansar M, Vincent JB, Xiong L. Novel VPS13B Mutations in Three Large Pakistani Cohen Syndrome Families Suggests a Baloch Variant with Autistic-Like Features. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 16:41. [PMID: 26104215 PMCID: PMC4631108 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Cohen Syndrome (COH1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, principally identified by ocular, neural and muscular deficits. We identified three large consanguineous Pakistani families with intellectual disability and in some cases with autistic traits. Methods Clinical assessments were performed in order to allow comparison of clinical features with other VPS13B mutations. Homozygosity mapping followed by whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing strategies were used to identify disease-related mutations. Results We identified two novel homozygous deletion mutations in VPS13B, firstly a 1 bp deletion, NM_017890.4:c.6879delT; p.Phe2293Leufs*24, and secondly a deletion of exons 37-40, which co-segregate with affected status. In addition to COH1-related traits, autistic features were reported in a number of family members, contrasting with the “friendly” demeanour often associated with COH1. The c.6879delT mutation is present in two families from different regions of the country, but both from the Baloch sub-ethnic group, and with a shared haplotype, indicating a founder effect among the Baloch population. Conclusion We suspect that the c.6879delT mutation may be a common cause of COH1 and similar phenotypes among the Baloch population. Additionally, most of the individuals with the c.6879delT mutation in these two families also present with autistic like traits, and suggests that this variant may lead to a distinct autistic-like COH1 subgroup. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0183-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arshad Rafiq
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Currently at: Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine (PEM), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Claire S Leblond
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Akshita K Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Amirthagowri Ambalavanan
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Falak Sher Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- The Lahore Institute for Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Naseema Shaheen
- University of Education, Township Campus, College Road, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O. Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amin-ud-Din
- Dept: zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Campus Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sandra Laurent
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Currently at: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Huda Mahmood
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | | | - Nadir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Alanna Fennell
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | | | - Gerald Egger
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
| | - Chantal Caron
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- The Lahore Institute for Research and Development, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. .,Division of Developmental Disabilities, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Baudouin Forgeot d'Arc
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
| | - Amelie Johnson
- Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
| | - Joyce So
- The Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | - Laurent Mottron
- Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, and Pakistan Medical Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - John B Vincent
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry & Development Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lan Xiong
- CHUM Research Center - Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Research Centre, Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montréal, QC, H1N 3 V2, Canada.
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Andronikou S, Pillay T, Gabuza L, Mahomed N, Naidoo J, Hlabangana LT, du Plessis V, Prabhu SP. Corpus callosum thickness in children: an MR pattern-recognition approach on the midsagittal image. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:258-72. [PMID: 25173405 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-2998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thickening of the corpus callosum is an important feature of development, whereas thinning of the corpus callosum can be the result of a number of diseases that affect development or cause destruction of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosum thickness reflects the volume of the hemispheres and responds to changes through direct effects or through Wallerian degeneration. It is therefore not only important to evaluate the morphology of the corpus callosum for congenital anomalies but also to evaluate the thickness of specific components or the whole corpus callosum in association with other findings. The goal of this pictorial review is raise awareness that the thickness of the corpus callosum can be a useful feature of pathology in pediatric central nervous system disease and must be considered in the context of the stage of development of a child. Thinning of the corpus callosum can be primary or secondary, and generalized or focal. Primary thinning is caused by abnormal or failed myelination related to the hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathies, metabolic disorders affecting white matter, and microcephaly. Secondary thinning of the corpus callosum can be caused by diffuse injury such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy, hydrocephalus, dysmyelinating conditions and demyelinating conditions. Focal disturbance of formation or focal injury also causes localized thinning, e.g., callosal dysgenesis, metabolic disorders with localized effects, hypoglycemia, white matter injury of prematurity, HIV-related atrophy, infarction and vasculitis, trauma and toxins. The corpus callosum might be too thick because of a primary disorder in which the corpus callosum finding is essential to diagnosis; abnormal thickening can also be secondary to inflammation, infection and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Andronikou
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, York Road Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa,
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Ionita-Laza I, Capanu M, De Rubeis S, McCallum K, Buxbaum JD. Identification of rare causal variants in sequence-based studies: methods and applications to VPS13B, a gene involved in Cohen syndrome and autism. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004729. [PMID: 25502226 PMCID: PMC4263785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinpointing the small number of causal variants among the abundant naturally occurring genetic variation is a difficult challenge, but a crucial one for understanding precise molecular mechanisms of disease and follow-up functional studies. We propose and investigate two complementary statistical approaches for identification of rare causal variants in sequencing studies: a backward elimination procedure based on groupwise association tests, and a hierarchical approach that can integrate sequencing data with diverse functional and evolutionary conservation annotations for individual variants. Using simulations, we show that incorporation of multiple bioinformatic predictors of deleteriousness, such as PolyPhen-2, SIFT and GERP++ scores, can improve the power to discover truly causal variants. As proof of principle, we apply the proposed methods to VPS13B, a gene mutated in the rare neurodevelopmental disorder called Cohen syndrome, and recently reported with recessive variants in autism. We identify a small set of promising candidates for causal variants, including two loss-of-function variants and a rare, homozygous probably-damaging variant that could contribute to autism risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Ionita-Laza
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth McCallum
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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50
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Gueneau L, Duplomb L, Sarda P, Hamel C, Aral B, Chehadeh SE, Gigot N, St-Onge J, Callier P, Thevenon J, Huet F, Carmignac V, Droin N, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Congenital neutropenia with retinopathy, a new phenotype without intellectual deficiency or obesity secondary toVPS13Bmutations. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:522-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gueneau
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Laurence Duplomb
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Pierre Sarda
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve; CHU Montpellier France
| | - Christian Hamel
- Centre de référence Affections Sensorielles Génétiques; Hôpital Gui de Chauliac; CHU Montpellier France
- Département de génétique et thérapie des cécités rétiniennes; INSERM U583 - Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier; France
| | - Bernard Aral
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Salima El Chehadeh
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Nadège Gigot
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Patrick Callier
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique; Plateau Technique de Biologie; CHU Dijon France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Frédéric Huet
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Virginie Carmignac
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Inserm UMR 1009; Integrated Research Cancer Institute Villejuif (IRCIV), Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA 4271 GAD « Génétique et Anomalies du Développement »; IFR 100 - Sante STIC; Université de Bourgogne; Dijon France
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Reference « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs » du Grand Est; Hôpital d'Enfants; CHU Dijon France
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