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Meyers M, Demetter P, De Roo AK, Pezzullo M, Jungels C, Brichard B, De Magnee C, De Krijger RR, Verset G. Primary extrarenal rhabdoid tumour of the liver: a case report and literature review. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2023; 86:555-562. [PMID: 38240550 DOI: 10.51821/86.4.11504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Extrarenal rhabdoid tumours (ERT) are highly aggressive tumours that are poorly responsive to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy and are associated with a grim prognosis. Primary ERT of the liver are most commonly observed in early childhood and exceptionally rare later in life. Case presentation We report the case of a 16-year-old male patient, presenting with flu-like symptoms after his second COVIDvaccination. During the work-up, a large solid liver lesion was incidentally discovered upon abdominal ultrasound examination. Pathological examination rendered the diagnosis of primary ERT of the liver, characterized by the loss of expression of INI-1 protein, encoded by the SMARCB1 gene. We summarized and discuss the existing literature by reviewing 53 pediatric and 6 adult cases, including the histological features treatment and outcomes of primary hepatic ERT. Conclusion Primary ERT of the liver are usually not associated with specific signs or symptoms, making the diagnosis very challenging. As ERT are associated with a high metastatic rate, delayed diagnoses lead to increased mortality, as complete resection is not possible in advanced-stage cases. Therefore, early diagnoses, enabling complete resection of the tumour are crucial to improve patient outcomes. Of interest, primary ERT of the liver, is associated with biallelic loss of the SMARCB1 (SWI/ SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily B, Member 1) gene, a potential target for cancer therapeutics. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a hepatic rhabdoid tumour treated with liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Meyers
- Cliniques universitaires Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An-Katrien De Roo
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Pezzullo
- Department of Radiology, Cliniques universitaires Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiane Jungels
- Department of Oncologic Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Brichard
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine De Magnee
- Department of Paediatric Digestive Surgery, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald R De Krijger
- Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gontran Verset
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Papke DJ. Mesenchymal Neoplasms of the Liver. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:609-634. [PMID: 37536892 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal neoplasms of the liver can be diagnostically challenging, particularly on core needle biopsies. Here, I discuss recent updates in neoplasms that are specific to the liver (mesenchymal hamartoma, undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumor), vascular tumors of the liver (anastomosing hemangioma, hepatic small vessel neoplasm, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma), and other tumor types that can occur primarily in the liver (PEComa/angiomyolipoma, inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, EBV-associated smooth muscle tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, malignant rhabdoid tumor). Lastly, I discuss metastatic sarcomas to the liver, as well as pitfalls presented by metastatic melanoma and sarcomatoid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Papke
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Buch AC, Bhuibhar G, Londhe M, Dhaliwal S, Gurwale S. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumour of axillary soft tissue: a diagnostic challenge resolved by immunohistochemistry. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e254438. [PMID: 36720509 PMCID: PMC9890742 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrarenal rhabdoid tumour of soft tissue in children is a rare tumour associated with poor prognosis. It is a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumours with distinct histopathological and immunohistochemistry findings. The tumour is characterised by diffuse proliferation of rhabdoid cells with hyaline like inclusion bodies. Defining feature is aberration of INI1/SMARCB1 gene located at chromosome 22q11.2. We report one such rare case in a female infant presenting as left axillary mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chirag Buch
- Department of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gayatri Bhuibhar
- Department of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mangesh Londhe
- Department of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sargam Dhaliwal
- Department of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sushama Gurwale
- Department of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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4
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Fuchs J, Murtha-Lemekhova A, Kessler M, Ruping F, Günther P, Fichtner A, Sturm D, Hoffmann K. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Malignant Rhabdoid and Small Cell Undifferentiated Liver Tumors: A Rational for a Uniform Classification. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020272. [PMID: 35053437 PMCID: PMC8774069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the liver are very rare pediatric liver tumors with a devastating prognosis. It is currently unclear which histological subtypes of pediatric liver tumors belong to this entity and how these tumors should be treated. In this systematic review with meta-analysis, we analyzed all reports on pediatric patients with malignant rhabdoid liver tumors, but also with so-called small cell undifferentiated liver tumors. This is another rare liver tumor subtype that has recently been regarded to belong to the entity of rhabdoid tumors by some authors. The main result of this study is that these two tumor subtypes show large overlap on several levels and even mixtures of both histological patterns have been documented. Our meta-analysis provides an evidence base for the recommendation to classify these two tumor subtypes as one entity. We showed that treatment of these tumors with hepatoblastoma directed chemotherapy is ineffective and that a therapy with chemotherapy regimens initially applied for soft tissue sarcoma is associated with a significantly better survival. This study represents the highest level of evidence available for these rare liver tumors. Abstract Background: Rhabdoid liver tumors in children are rare and have a devastating prognosis. Reliable diagnosis and targeted treatment approaches are urgently needed. Immunohistochemical and genetic studies suggest that tumors formerly classified as small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastoma (SCUD) belong to the entity of malignant rhabdoid tumors of the liver (MRTL), in contrast to hepatoblastomas with focal small cell histology (F-SCHB). This may have relevant implications on therapeutic approaches. However, studies with larger cohorts investigating the clinical relevance of the histological and genetic similarities for patients are lacking. Purpose: To analyze possible similarities and differences in patient characteristics, tumor biology, response to treatment, and clinical course of patients with MRTL, SCUD and F-SCHB. Applied therapeutic regimens and prognostic factors are investigated. Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL was performed for this PRISMA-compliant systematic review. All studies of patients with MRTL, SCUD and F-SCHB that provided individual patient data were included. Demographic, histological, and clinical characteristics of the three subgroups were compared. Overall survival (OS) was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors investigated in a multivariable Cox regression model. Protocol registered: PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021258760. Results: Fifty-six studies with a total of 118 patients were included. The two subgroups MRTL and SCUD did not differ significantly in baseline patient characteristics. However, heterogenous diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms were applied. Large histological and clinical overlap between SCUD and MRTL could be shown. Two-year OS was 22% for MRTL and 13% for SCUD, while it was significantly better in F-SCHD (86%). Chemotherapeutic regimens for hepatoblastoma proved to be ineffective for both SCUD and MRTL, but successful in F-SCHB. Soft tissue sarcoma chemotherapy was associated with significantly better survival for MRTL and SCUD, but was rarely applied in SCUD. Patients who did not undergo surgical tumor resection had a significantly higher risk of death. Conclusions: While F-SCHB is a subtype of HB, SCUD should be classified and treated as a type of MRTL. Surgical tumor resection in combination with intensive, multi-agent chemotherapy is the only chance for cure of these tumors. Targeted therapies are highly needed to improve prognosis. Currently, aggressive regimens including soft tissue sarcoma chemotherapy, extensive resection, radiotherapy or even liver transplantation are the only option for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Fuchs
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.); (A.M.-L.)
- Generating Evidence for Diagnosis and Therapy of RarE LIVEr Disease: The RELIVE Initiative for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.K.); (P.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Anastasia Murtha-Lemekhova
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.); (A.M.-L.)
- Generating Evidence for Diagnosis and Therapy of RarE LIVEr Disease: The RELIVE Initiative for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.K.); (P.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Markus Kessler
- Generating Evidence for Diagnosis and Therapy of RarE LIVEr Disease: The RELIVE Initiative for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.K.); (P.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Ruping
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Patrick Günther
- Generating Evidence for Diagnosis and Therapy of RarE LIVEr Disease: The RELIVE Initiative for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.K.); (P.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Fichtner
- Generating Evidence for Diagnosis and Therapy of RarE LIVEr Disease: The RELIVE Initiative for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.K.); (P.G.); (A.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics I, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.F.); (A.M.-L.)
- Generating Evidence for Diagnosis and Therapy of RarE LIVEr Disease: The RELIVE Initiative for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.K.); (P.G.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-566110; Fax: +49-6221-564215
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5
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Lucas B, Ravishankar S, Pateva I. Pediatric Primary Hepatic Tumors: Diagnostic Considerations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:333. [PMID: 33670452 PMCID: PMC7922091 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the third most common site of abdominal tumors in children. This review article aims to summarize current evidence surrounding identification and diagnosis of primary hepatic tumors in the pediatric population based upon clinical presentation, epidemiology, and risk factors as well as classical imaging, histopathological, and molecular diagnostic findings. Readers will be able to recognize the features and distinguish between benign and malignant hepatic tumors within different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Lucas
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital—Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjita Ravishankar
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital—Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Irina Pateva
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital—Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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6
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Cai W, Liu X, Ge W, Wu D, Xu J, Bai R, Hu H. Factors Affecting the Outcomes of Patients with Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors: A Population-Based Study. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:911-920. [PMID: 33456348 PMCID: PMC7807195 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare but aggressive malignancy. It has been a long time since data on this tumor have been updated. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients from the SEER database who were pathologically diagnosed with MRT and analyzed incidence rates, clinical features and survival using Stata 12.0. Results: In total, 544 patients were included in the epidemiological analysis. There were two peak periods of MRT incidence: patients younger than 4 years and those older than 70 years. Further survival analysis showed that the survival of children (especially younger than 1 year) was markedly worse than that of adults (P<0.01), and different primary sites were associated with different age groups and survival outcomes. The central nervous system (CNS) was the most common primary site (50.00%), followed by the kidney (15.66%). Patients with MRTs that originated from the digestive system experienced worse survival outcomes than those with MRTs originating from other locations. Primary site surgery conferred survival benefits to patients with renal and digestive system MRTs (HR = 0.06, CI: 0.02-0.23, P<0.01; HR=0.10, CI: 0.02-0.48, P<0.01), whereas radiotherapy conferred benefits to patients with CNS, bone and soft tissue MRTs (HR=0.22, CI: 0.15-0.34, P<0.01; HR=0.44, CI: 0.21-0.90 P=0.03). Conclusions: Our results indicate that age and the primary site of MRT are critical clinical factors that affect patient survival and treatment choices. Primary site tumor resection should be considered for renal and digestive system MRTs, and systematic therapy, including surgery and radiotherapy, should be recommended for the treatment of CNS, bone and soft tissue MRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cai
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiting Ge
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Dehao Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Junxi Xu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Rui Bai
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hanguang Hu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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7
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Fazlollahi L, Hsiao SJ, Kochhar M, Mansukhani MM, Yamashiro DJ, Remotti HE. Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor, an Aggressive Tumor Often Misclassified as Small Cell Variant of Hepatoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121992. [PMID: 31835848 PMCID: PMC6966472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of pediatric liver tumors involves stratification into risk groups. One previously defined, high-risk group of hepatoblastomas is the small cell undifferentiated variant. In light of molecular studies showing SMARCB1 deletion in these tumors, it is now recognized that most small cell, undifferentiated liver tumors represent an aggressive unrelated tumor—the malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT). SMARCB1 is a member of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex and encodes the INI1 protein. The histologic diagnosis of MRT is currently based on INI1 negative immunoreactivity and the presence of rhabdoid morphology. INI1-negative small cell liver tumors lacking classic rhabdoid morphology are often misclassified as small cell undifferentiated hepatoblastomas (SCUD-HB), according to the current classification. Pediatric liver tumors diagnosed between 2003–2017 as SCUD-HB (four cases) or MRT (two cases) were identified from the Columbia University Pathology Department Archives. All tumors were associated with normal or low serum alpha fetoprotein levels, and showed an absence of immunohistochemical staining of hepatocellular markers (Hep-par1, Arginase) and loss of INI1 staining. Two cases were initially diagnosed as MRT, one with prominent rhabdoid morphology, the other with predominant small cell morphology. The remaining four cases with small cell morphology were classified as SCUD-HB. Ancillary molecular studies confirmed the loss of SMARCB1, supporting the diagnosis of MRT in all cases, proving morphology an unreliable criterion. It is critical to eliminate the term INI1-negative hepatoblastoma from the current classification scheme, and classify INI1-negative tumors as MRT, particularly since high-risk HB-chemotherapy regimens are not effective for treating MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Fazlollahi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (D.J.Y.); (H.E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-305-6719
| | - Susan J. Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (D.J.Y.); (H.E.R.)
| | - Manpreet Kochhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Mahesh M. Mansukhani
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (D.J.Y.); (H.E.R.)
| | - Darrell J. Yamashiro
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (D.J.Y.); (H.E.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Helen E. Remotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.J.H.); (M.M.M.); (D.J.Y.); (H.E.R.)
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8
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Machida Y, Michishita M, Yoshimura H, Kato T, Hayama SI, Takahashi K. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the musk gland and systemic T-cell lymphoma in a masked palm civet (Paguma larvata). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:975-979. [PMID: 31092741 PMCID: PMC6656805 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 21-year-old male masked palm civet died after 2 months of continuous abdominal distention and poor appetite. Grossly, both musk glands were markedly swelled. Microscopically, round,
polygonal and spindle neoplastic cells proliferated diffusely in the right musk gland and a metastatic focus was observed in the lung. The neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasm with
faintly eosinophilic inclusions that ultrastructurally corresponded to whorl aggregates of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for vimentin, cytokeratins
and glial fibrillary acidic protein and negative for desmin. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as malignant rhabdoid tumor. Papillary adenoma was seen in the opposite musk
gland. T-cell lymphoma of the lymph nodes, small intestine and liver was considered as the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yoshimura
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hayama
- Department of Wildlife Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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9
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Fazlollahi L, Hsiao SJ, Mansukhani MM, Glade Bender JL, Kung AL, Yamashiro DJ, Remotti HE. INI1 negative hepatoblastoma, a vanishing entity representing malignant rhabdoid tumor. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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10
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Kapral N, Melmer P, Druzgal CH, Lancaster L. Pediatric hepatic rhabdoid tumor: A rare cause of abdominal mass in children. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:724-727. [PMID: 30065795 PMCID: PMC6066605 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric hepatic rhabdoid tumors are rare tumors of the liver, with few cases reported in the literature. These aggressive tumors can be difficult to differentiate from hepatoblastomas on imaging alone, and surgical biopsy combined with special immunohistochemical stains can assist in differentiating these 2 tumor types. We present a case of hepatic rhabdoid tumor in a 7-month-old female infant, which was originally thought to be a hepatoblastoma; however, using BAF47 staining for INI-1 we were able to diagnose a rhabdoid tumor and affect the patient's medical oncologic therapy. Earlier detection and a better understanding of the imaging features of hepatic rhabdoid tumor may aid in improved patient management and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kapral
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee St., Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Patrick Melmer
- Department of Surgery, Grand Strand Medical Center, 809 82nd Pkwy, Myrtle Beach, SC, 29572
| | - Colleen Harkins Druzgal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Battle Building, Fifth Floor, 1204 W. Main St., Charlottesville, VA, 22908
| | - Luke Lancaster
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, University Hospital, First Floor,1215 Lee St., Charlottesville, VA, 22908
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11
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Kimura N, Hasegawa M, Hiroshima K. SMARCB1/INI1/BAF47- deficient pleural malignant mesothelioma with rhabdoid features. Pathol Int 2018; 68:128-132. [PMID: 29316066 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) with rhabdoid features is an MM variant. Fifteen cases have been reported previously, all of which were combined with other types of MM. Herein, we report an autopsy case of pleural MM with monomorphic rhabdoid features. The patient was a 62-year-old male without a history of asbestos exposure. An autopsy revealed a soft, granular tumor that replaced the entire left pleura and had invaded to the diaphragm and lower lobe of the lung. The tumor cells, which had eosinophilic plump cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei, were loosely cohesive. Immunohistochemistry showed that the cells were diffusely positive for calretinin, D2-40, vimentin, CAM5.2, and AE1/AE3; and negative for WT-1, TTF-1, CK7, CEA, desmin, CD34, BCL-2, S100 protein, and p40. Neither homozygous deletion of p16 nor BAP-1 protein loss was observed. Loss of INI1/BAF47 protein, an indicator of malignant rhabdoid tumor, was observed. Therefore, MM with rhabdoid features was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kimura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, and Department of Clinical Research Pathology Division
| | - Masaru Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Hakodate Hospital, Hakodate
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology (KH), Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
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12
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Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor of the brachial plexus in a five-year-old female: A case report and review of the literature. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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13
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Oita S, Terui K, Komatsu S, Hishiki T, Saito T, Mitsunaga T, Nakata M, Yoshida H. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver: a case report and literature review. Pediatr Rep 2015; 7:5578. [PMID: 25918621 PMCID: PMC4387326 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2015.5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare and aggressive malignancy associated with poor outcomes. MRT of the liver is even rarer, and little information has been described. We report the case of an 8-month-old boy with MRT of the liver. The tumor showed aggressive progression despite a multidisciplinary approach, and the patient died due to multiple organ failure 14 days after admission. Autopsy revealed the liver tumor and multiple metastases with negative immunohistochemistry for INI1/BAF47. A review of 53 cases of pediatric MRT of the liver is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Oita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University
| | - Keita Terui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University
| | - Syugo Komatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba Children's Hospital , Japan
| | - Tomoro Hishiki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba Children's Hospital , Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University
| | - Tetsuya Mitsunaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University
| | - Mitsuyuki Nakata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University
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14
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Tang Y, Li S, Qu J, Zhou Y, Xiao J. Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor with Cervical Vertebra Involvement in a Teenage Child: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Pediatr Neurosurg 2015; 50:173-8. [PMID: 25998988 DOI: 10.1159/000430448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a highly malignant and aggressive tumor associated with the kidney that is mainly seen in children under 5 years old, resulting in a rapid fatal outcome. MRT invasion of the cervical vertebra is an extremely rare form of this malignancy. This study presents a case of MRT involving the C4 vertebra and its appendix. A 13-year-old girl was found to have vague neck pain and a mass in the left neck area of the mid-cervical spine. Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and the histological and immunohistochemical analysis pointed towards a rhabdoid tumor. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed, but the tumor mass progressively enlarged. Tumorectomy was conducted followed by another 6 courses of chemotherapy and (125)I radioactive seed implantation. Unfortunately, the C4 vertebra and its appendix were found to be abnormal 3 months after the end of therapy. The patient received an additional tumorectomy, internal fixation with C4 reconstruction by a combined anterior and posterior approach, and 6 courses of consolidation chemotherapy. She is still alive 40 months since the initial diagnosis and remains asymptomatic 31 months after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Kachanov D, Teleshova M, Kim E, Dobrenkov K, Moiseenko R, Usychkina A, Filin A, Semenkov A, Mitrofanova A, Konovalov D, Shamanskaya T, Novichkova G, Varfolomeeva S. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver presented with initial tumor rupture. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:412-4. [PMID: 24894493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the liver is a rare, highly aggressive tumor of early childhood. We report a 6-month-old boy who was diagnosed with MRT of the liver and presented with spontaneous tumor rupture. The patient underwent intensified chemotherapy and a radical surgical procedure. Twenty four months from the time of the diagnosis, he is alive without evidence of disease. This is the second report of prolonged survival after initial rupture of hepatic MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kachanov
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Margarita Teleshova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eduard Kim
- Department of Liver Transplantation, acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Surgery Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Dobrenkov
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Moiseenko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasya Usychkina
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Filin
- Department of Liver Transplantation, acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Surgery Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Semenkov
- Department of Liver Transplantation, acad. B.V. Petrovsky Russian Surgery Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Mitrofanova
- Department of Pathology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Konovalov
- Department of Pathology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Shamanskaya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Novichkova
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Varfolomeeva
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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Agarwala S, Jindal B, Jana M, Bhatnagar V, Gupta AK, Iyer VK. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of liver. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2014; 19:38-40. [PMID: 24604983 PMCID: PMC3935299 DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.125961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare, but aggressive tumor commonly arising from the kidney in young children. Extrarenal MRT has been reported in the literature in various other sites including the liver, pelvis, CNS, abdomen, heart and other soft-tissues. Reported herein are the presentation, radiology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, treatment and outcome of a 6 month infant with primary MRT of liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Agarwala
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibekanand Jindal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Veereshwar Bhatnagar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkateshwar K Iyer
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Abstract
Many soft tissue tumors of childhood lack obvious differentiation toward a defined mesenchymal tissue type or have a phenotype that does not correspond to any defined normal tissue. These challenging tumors are currently regarded as neoplasms of uncertain differentiation. Nonetheless, there have been great strides in the understanding of their pathologic and genetic features and biologic underpinnings. The application of new genetic information to the pathologic diagnosis among this group of tumors is an emerging area in diagnostic pediatric pathology. This article reviews the clinicopathologic features of tumors of uncertain and/or miscellaneous origin, with an emphasis on the unique aspects of these neoplasms in children and adolescents, use of diagnostic adjuncts, and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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18
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Primary vulval rhabdoid tumor in an adult: a case report, immunohistochemical profile and literature review. Case Rep Med 2011; 2011:162709. [PMID: 21977040 PMCID: PMC3184435 DOI: 10.1155/2011/162709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of primary vulval rhabdoid tumor in an adult. The diagnosis was confirmed using the recently emerging INI1/BAF47 immunostain. We also demonstrate the expression of ER and PR hormonal receptors by the tumor cells.
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19
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Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, Finegold MJ, Feusner JH. Rhabdoid tumors of the liver: rare, aggressive, and poorly responsive to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:423-8. [PMID: 21744471 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid tumors of the liver are rare tumors that are difficult to cure. We compiled all the cases previously reported in the literature to review clinical data, treatments, and outcomes. PROCEDURE Patients were identified by literature review using PubMed. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were identified. The median age at presentation was 8 months. All patients with reported AFP results exhibited normal or minimally increased serum AFP levels. All 10 tumors with reported INI1 immunohistochemistry results were reported as negative. Twenty-one patients presented with metastatic disease at diagnosis. Thirty patients died of disease or treatment complications. Most deaths occurred within 12 months after diagnosis. Five patients survived at the time of the reports with one patient alive with disease. One patient relapsed and subsequently died after the report was published. Of the four patients alive without disease, all were treated with chemotherapy, and at least three had surgery or transplantation. Two patients received radiation therapy but did not survive. CONCLUSIONS Rhabdoid tumors of the liver are aggressive, rare tumors of the infant liver that are often associated with metastases at the time of diagnosis. Mortality is high and often occurs soon after diagnosis. Treatment with aggressive chemotherapy in combination (especially an alkylating agents doxorubicin) with complete resection may lead to improved outcomes. Therapy targeted to the INI1 mutation of these tumors is currently being investigated and may offer greater hope of cure.
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20
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Sibileau E, Moroch J, Teyssedou C, Aubé C. Malignant rhabdoid tumors of the liver: an exceptional tumor in adults - a case report and literature review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:104-8. [PMID: 21139471 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328341f7e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a very rare liver tumor, with only a few cases reported in the literature. MRT generally occurs in pediatric patients and prognosis is usually very poor. Here we report a very rare case of MRT occurring in a young adult who is still alive with no sign of recurrence at 41 months of follow-up. MRI and computed tomography scans revealed a voluminous heterogeneous mass in the left liver with no specific pattern. The mass included necrotic and fibrous components. Histology showed fusiform, loosely cohesive cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm resulting in eccentric nuclei, thus creating the characteristic rhabdoid appearance. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a lack of nuclear INI1 protein expression. The patient's treatment included a major left liver resection associated with chemotherapy. A thorough search of the literature revealed one case of MRT in a young adult who died at 48 months of follow-up. A less malignant nature of the tumor in young adults may be suspected, but a longer disease-free survival may also be the fruit of aggressive surgical and oncological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Sibileau
- Department of Radiology, CHU Angers, UPRES, IFR Université, France
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21
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Isaacs H. Fetal and neonatal rhabdoid tumor. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:619-26. [PMID: 20223330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have focused on the behavior of rhabdoid tumor (RT) in the fetus and neonate. The purpose of this review is to show that perinatal RTs are associated with unusual findings and a poor prognosis. METHODS The author conducted a 40-year systematic review of the literature. Clinical presentation, pathology, management, and outcome of 72 fetuses and neonates with RTs are discussed. RESULTS Seventy-two fetuses and neonates presented with RTs detected prenatally (n = 12) and during the neonatal period (n = 60). The review consisted of 3 main groups: extrarenal noncentral nervous system (CNS) RT, renal RT, and CNS RT. There were some group differences in survival: extrarenal non-CNS RT (3/33 or 9.1%), renal RT (2/27 or 7.4%), and CNS RT (2/12 or 16.7%). Metastatic RT was present at diagnosis in more than half the patients (41/72 or 57%) who had a survival of 2.3%. The overall survival was 9.7%. For statistical results, there was no significant difference in survival among the 3 groups by type of tumor (P = .692). chi(2) analysis for survival with and without metastases was not valid due to small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The review shows that extrarenal RT was more common than either renal RT or CNS RT groups that is different than that observed in older individuals. Concomitant brain tumors were found in almost a third of fetuses and neonates. The CNS involvement occurred more often in patients with renal RT than in those with extrarenal RT. Metastatic disease at diagnosis was noted in more than half of the patients. Higher stage and presence of a CNS tumor were significant determinants in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hart Isaacs
- Department of Pathology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.
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22
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Sultan I, Qaddoumi I, Rodríguez-Galindo C, Nassan AA, Ghandour K, Al-Hussaini M. Age, stage, and radiotherapy, but not primary tumor site, affects the outcome of patients with malignant rhabdoid tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 54:35-40. [PMID: 19798737 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are aggressive and often fatal; the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database offers an opportunity to study this rare malignancy. METHODS From the SEER database, we extracted records of patients with a reported diagnosis of MRT and analyzed them for clinical features and survival rates by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS For the 229 patients included in our data, who were diagnosed from 1986 to 2005, primary tumors were located in the central nervous system (CNS) (35%), kidneys (20%), and extra-renal non-cranial sites (ERNC-MRTs) (45%). Most patients with renal and CNS tumors were less than 18 years old (87% and 96%, respectively) while more than half of the patients with ERNC-MRTs (61%) were adults. Among staged tumors, 23% were localized, 34% regional, and 43% distant. Renal tumors had significantly more metastatic disease (47%; P = 0.006) than ERNC-MRTs. The estimated 5-year survival for the entire group was 33 +/- 3.4% (SE). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age at diagnosis (2-18 years), localized stage of tumors, and use of radiotherapy were significantly associated with improved survival. Adults had a better outcome than young children (<2 years old) but a poorer outcome than older children (2-18 years old); tumor stage, but not radiotherapy use, affected outcome in adults. The survival and prognostic factors of children diagnosed before and after 2000 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION Our population-based study indicates that age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and use of radiotherapy favorably impact survival rates of patients with MRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC), Amman, Jordan.
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23
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DelBove J, Kuwahara Y, Mora-Blanco EL, Godfrey V, Funkhouser WK, Fletcher CDM, Van Dyke T, Roberts CWM, Weissman BE. Inactivation of SNF5 cooperates with p53 loss to accelerate tumor formation in Snf5(+/-);p53(+/-) mice. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:1139-48. [PMID: 19676100 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are poorly differentiated pediatric cancers that arise in various anatomical locations and have a very poor outcome. The large majority of these malignancies are caused by loss of function of the SNF5/INI1 component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. However, the mechanism of tumor development associated with SNF5 loss remains unclear. Multiple studies have demonstrated a role for SNF5 in the regulation of cyclin D1, p16(INK4A), and pRb(f) activities suggesting it functions through the SWI/SNF complex to affect transcription of genes involved in cell cycle control. Previous studies in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) have shown that loss of SNF5 on a p53-null background significantly accelerates tumor development. Here, we use established GEMM to further define the relationship between the SNF5 and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. Combined haploinsufficiency of p53 and Snf5 leads to decreased latency for MRTs arising in alternate anatomical locations but not for the standard facial MRTs. We also observed acceleration in the appearance of T-cell lymphomas in the p53(+/-);Snf5(+/-) mice. Our studies suggest that loss of SNF5 activity does not bestow a selective advantage on the p53 spectrum of tumors in the p53(+/-);Snf5(+/-) mice. However, reduced p53 expression specifically accelerated the growth of a subset of MRTs in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica DelBove
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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24
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Malignant rhabdoid tumour of the liver in the young adult: report of first two cases. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2009; 2009:628206. [PMID: 19750188 PMCID: PMC2740852 DOI: 10.1155/2009/628206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Few cases of malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) of the liver are reported in literature and
always in paediatric patients. We report the first two cases of young adults submitted to hepatic resection for MRT of the liver. A major liver resection was performed in both cases. The histology showed round or fusiform, loosely cohesive cells. The cytoplasm contained
abundant eosinophilic inclusions, which caused the nuclei to be located in eccentric locations, giving the characteristic rhabdoid appearance. The immunohistochemical study was performed, and characteristic lack of nuclear INI1 protein expression was found. In a case surgery was associated to chemoradiotherapy. One patient died at 48 months followup for tumour recurrence. The other is still alive at 25 months followup. MRTs are rare tumours of pediatric age with poor prognosis. Hypothetical less malignant
behaviour in the young adults could be supposed. Therefore an aggressive surgical and oncological treatment seems justified.
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25
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Garcés-Iñigo EF, Leung R, Sebire NJ, McHugh K. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumours outside the central nervous system in infancy. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39:817-22. [PMID: 19452146 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-009-1288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant rhabdoid tumours (RT) are increasingly recognized in young children, probably as a consequence of advances in accurate histological diagnosis rather than a true increase in frequency. Although typically presenting as renal tumours in infancy, extrarenal tumours outside the central nervous system (CNS) in children less than 12 months of age are now well recognized, but previous literature on their imaging features is very limited. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the imaging features of extrarenal RTs outside the CNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective database review was made from 1989 to 2007 of patients diagnosed with extrarenal RT in infancy, i.e. below 12 months of age. RESULTS There were nine patients (six boys and three girls). The age at presentation varied from 1 to 11 months (average 6 months). Tumours were located in the thorax/mediastinum (n=3), liver (n=3), neck (n=1), shoulder (n=1) and axilla (n=1). The imaging modalities used included US (n=8), CT (n=7) and MRI (n=6). Bone scan was positive in one patient, while metastases at the time of diagnosis occurred in four patients. On MRI the tumours tended to show nonspecific hypointensity on T1-W images and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-W images, with heterogeneous enhancement. CONCLUSION This is the largest radiological series of extrarenal RTs outside the CNS in infancy. In our series no imaging features were found specific to the diagnosis. A tendency towards large size and mediastinal/paravertebral location were noted. A hypodense solid component on CT and a heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2-W MR images suggest that this tumour should be considered in the routine differential diagnosis of soft-tissue tumours in infancy, in addition to rhabdomyosarcoma.
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26
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Wagner LM, Garrett JK, Ballard ET, Hill DA, Perry A, Biegel JA, Collins MH. Malignant rhabdoid tumor mimicking hepatoblastoma: a case report and literature review. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2007; 10:409-15. [PMID: 17929989 DOI: 10.2350/06-08-0155.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma accounts for the vast majority of malignant primary liver tumors in infancy. In contrast, rhabdoid tumors arising in the liver are extremely rare, but they can share clinical and histologic features with hepatoblastoma and can create diagnostic confusion, especially when one is dealing with small biopsies. In this case report we demonstrate that immunohistochemical and molecular techniques can identify the characteristic loss of INI1 and facilitate making the correct diagnosis of primary hepatic malignant rhabdoid tumor. Important similarities and differences between hepatoblastoma and rhabdoid tumors are reviewed, and suggestions are offered to help distinguish these 2 tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars M Wagner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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27
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Oda Y, Tsuneyoshi M. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumors of soft tissue: Clinicopathological and molecular genetic review and distinction from other soft-tissue sarcomas with rhabdoid features. Pathol Int 2006; 56:287-95. [PMID: 16704491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2006.01962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the soft tissue is a rare and highly aggressive tumor that occurs in infancy or childhood. It predominantly involves a deep axial location such as the neck or paraspinal region. Microscopically, the tumor is composed of a diffuse proliferation of rounded or polygonal cells with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli and glassy eosinophilic cytoplasm containing hyaline-like inclusion bodies, arranged in sheets and nests. These characteristic 'rhabdoid cells' are also present in certain soft-tissue sarcomas such as synovial sarcoma, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. The existence of rhabdoid cells in these other sarcomas is correlated with a worse prognosis for the patients. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses have shown abnormalities in the long arm of chromosome 22 and alteration of the hSNF5/INI1 (SMARCB1) gene in renal, extrarenal and intracranial MRT. This gene alteration has been considered to be a specific molecular event in MRT, but a recent study has also demonstrated frequent alteration of this gene in proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma (ES). Both MRT of soft tissue and proximal-type ES show immunoreactivity for vimentin, cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. The tumor cells of proximal-type ES are also occasionally positive for CD34 and beta-catenin, whereas MRT of soft tissue has no immunoreaction for these markers. Detailed clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations are necessary to distinguish MRT of soft tissue from proximal-type ES, because these tumors demonstrated a similar morphology and the same gene alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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28
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Clairotte A, Ringenbach F, Laithier V, Aubert D, Kantelip B. Tumeur rhabdoïde hépatique maligne avec rupture spontanée. Ann Pathol 2006; 26:122-5. [PMID: 16791124 DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(06)70691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an 8-year-old child, presenting a rhabdoid tumor of the liver with spontaneous rupture, revealed by an intra-abdominal bleeding with rapidly fatal course. This clinical and pathological report raises the problem of the differential diagnosis of primary malignant hepatic tumors of the child with no alpha-foetoprotein increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clairotte
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital J. Minjoz, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besançon.
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29
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Strother D. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors of childhood: diagnosis, treatment and challenges. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2006; 5:907-15. [PMID: 16221059 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.5.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor of the brain was described as a unique entity in the late 1980s. It occurs primarily in early childhood but the true incidence of the disease is not yet known. At presentation, the differential diagnosis includes medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma and choroid plexus carcinoma. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor behaves in a very aggressive manner and while cure is possible for a small minority of patients, no standard or effective therapy has been defined for most patients. Since its first description, considerable pathologic, cytogenetic and molecular characterizations, as described in this review, have been accomplished that provide insight into the possible molecular etiology of the disease and of malignant rhabdoid tumors that occur outside the CNS. Co-operative group clinical trials that focus solely on atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor are needed that incorporate biologic studies along with evaluations of aggressive treatment approaches. The goal of these trials should be to increase the cure rate for children with atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and further increase our understanding not only of atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, but also of other pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Strother
- University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, T2T 5C7, Canada.
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30
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Abstract
Ubiquitin regulates cell functions by modifying various proteins, and cytokeratin (CK) is one of the targets of ubiquitilation. Accumulation of modified CK in various cancers has been demonstrated, and the modified CK increases the aggressiveness of the cancer by disrupting the cytoplasmic CK network and allows them to move freely. The phenotype of the cancer cells may be altered in such a way as to facilitate invasion and metastasis. Modified CK also deregulates mechanisms of mitosis and apoptosis, and leads to immortalization. Therapeutic targeting of ubiquitin or ubiquitilated proteins may reduce the malignant potential of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Iwaya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku 6-7-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Yuri T, Danbara N, Shikata N, Fujimoto S, Nakano T, Sakaida N, Uemura Y, Tsubura A. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver: case report and literature review. Pathol Int 2005; 54:623-9. [PMID: 15260854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2004.01672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A case of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) occurring as a primary hepatic neoplasm in a 12-month-old Japanese female infant is presented. The patient had a slight fever for 2 weeks and presented with a palpable mass in her left hypochondrial region. After admission, the hepatic artery was embolized due to intra-abdominal hemorrhage arising from the tumor. The patient received chemotherapy with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide and adriacin. Despite treatment, the patient developed dyspnea, pancytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Rupture of the tumor resulted in death within 3 weeks. A limited abdominal autopsy revealed that the liver weighed 1240 g and was occupied by multiple hemorrhagic and/or necrotic tumor nodules. Histologically, neoplastic cells had an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm containing paranuclear inclusions, and vesicular nuclei with a centrally located prominent nucleolus. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic inclusions were composed of whorled filaments measuring 10 nm. Immunohistochemically, almost all of the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and cytokeratins (CK) 8 and 18, some were positive for CK 7 and 19, while none were positive for CK 1, 10, 13-17 and 20. The tumor cells did not express desmin, myoglobin, and alpha-fetoprotein. We found 18 cases of MRT of the liver published in English language literature and then, adding the present case, we summarized the 19 cases. Hepatic MRT is an uncommon neoplasm. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an aggressive liver neoplasm in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Salamanca J, Rodríguez-Peralto JL, Azorín D, Ballestín C, De Agustín P. Paratesticular congenital malignant rhabdoid tumor diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. a case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2004; 30:46-50. [PMID: 14696145 DOI: 10.1002/dc.10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the FNA features of a congenital malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor (MERT) located in the right paratesticular area of a newborn full-term boy (39 wk gestation), with disseminated metastases in the liver and right parietal region. The diagnosis was suggested two days after birth by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the parietal mass, which demonstrated an atypical large cell proliferation with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm exhibiting paranuclear dense inclusions. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of the primary paratesticular tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third MERT reported in the paratesticular region, one of the few congenital extrarenal non-central nervous system cases, and the third congenital case (renal or extrarenal) primarily diagnosed by FNAB. We emphasize the characteristic cytologic features of a congenital rhabdoid tumor, which must be known by pathologists because of the clinical and prognostic implications. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;30:46-50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Salamanca
- Department of Pathology, "12 de Octubre" University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Kato H, Ohta S, Koshida S, Narita T, Taga T, Takeuchi Y, Sugita K. Expression of pericyte, mesangium and muscle markers in malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines: differentiation-induction using 5-azacytidine. Cancer Sci 2003; 94:1059-65. [PMID: 14662021 PMCID: PMC11160295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Revised: 10/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/11/2003] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) has been considered to have multiphenotypic diversity characteristics. Some MRTs exhibit a neural phenotype. However, it is still unclear whether MRT cells can display a skeletal muscle, smooth muscle or smooth muscle-like cell phenotype, like those of pericytes and mesangial cells. To determine if MRTs exhibit skeletal muscle cell or smooth muscle-like cell phenotypes, six MRT cell lines (TM87-16, STM91-01, TTC549, TTC642, YAM-RTK1 and TTC1240) were examined for markers of skeletal muscle (MyoD, myogenin, myf-5, myf-6, acetylcholine receptor-alpha, -beta and -gamma), smooth muscle (alpha-smooth muscle actin, SM-1 and SM22), and smooth muscle-like cells, such as pericytes (angiopoietin-1 and -2) and mesangial cells (megsin), using conventional RT-PCR, semi-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry before and after differentiation-induction with 5-azacytidine. alpha-Smooth muscle actin and SM22 were detected in all six MRT cell lines, while MyoD and myf-5, crucial markers for skeletal myogenic determination, were not. The TM87-16 cell line expressed SM-1 and angiopoietin-1. TTC1240 also expressed angiopoietin-1. Interestingly, STM91-01 expressed megsin, a novel marker for mesangial cells, in addition to angiopoietin-1. Our results indicated that some MRTs exhibited smooth muscle and/or smooth muscle-like cell phenotypes and some renal MRTs might be of mesangial origin. Recently, smooth muscle and also smooth muscle-like cells have been considered to be of neuroectodermal origin. MRT can thus considered to belong to the category of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) in the broad sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-2192
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34
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Higashino K, Narita T, Taga T, Ohta S, Takeuchi Y. Malignant rhabdoid tumor shows a unique neural differentiation as distinct from neuroblastoma. Cancer Sci 2003; 94:37-42. [PMID: 12708472 PMCID: PMC11160256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2002] [Revised: 10/30/2002] [Accepted: 11/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) show a multiphenotypic diversity, including a neural phenotype. To elucidate the difference in neural characteristics between MRT and neuroblastoma, we examined the expression of synapsin I, neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), neurofilament medium-size (NF-M) and chromogranin A (CGA) in five MRT cell lines (TM87-16, STM91-01, TTC549, TTC642 and YAM-RTK1) and five neuroblastoma cell lines under differentiation-induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Our results showed TM87-16 and TTC642 cells, expressed synapsin I and NF-M before TPA induction, had a neural phenotype. After differentiation-induction, only TM87-16 cells expressed CGA. Among all neuroblastoma cells, expression of NF-M and CGA was stable at a high level throughout TPA-induced differentiation. In TM87-16 and TTC642 MRT cells, synapsin I mRNA promptly increased after TPA differentiation, with the peak level at 6 h, and thereafter, synapsin I mRNA rapidly decreased in a time-dependent manner. The decreased expression of synapsin I correlated with an increased expression of NRSF during differentiation-induction. In contrast, in some neuroblastoma cells, a significant up-regulation of synapsin I was observed concurrently with a down-regulation of NRSF. The inverse relationship between NRSF and synapsin I expression in TM87-16 and TTC642 MRT cells was opposite to that of neuroblastoma cells. Our results showed that the neural characteristics of these MRT cells are fairly distinct from those of neuroblastoma cells. These MRT cells appeared to have only limited capability for neural differentiation, and were still in an extremely early stage of neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Higashino
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192
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35
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Ravindra KV, Cullinane C, Lewis IJ, Squire BR, Stringer MD. Long-term survival after spontaneous rupture of a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver. J Pediatr Surg 2002; 37:1488-90. [PMID: 12378463 DOI: 10.1053/jpsu.2002.35427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A 13-month-old girl presented with a large malignant rhabdoid liver tumor that ruptured soon after admission. Six years after an emergency right hepatectomy and subsequent chemotherapy (ifosfamide, vincristine, and actinomycin D), she remains well and disease free. Previously, these rare tumors invariably have been fatal and resistant to multimodal therapy. This is the first report of long-term survival of a patient with a malignant rhabdoid liver tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ravindra
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, England
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36
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Itakura E, Tamiya S, Morita K, Shiratsuchi H, Kinoshita Y, Oshiro Y, Oda Y, Ohta S, Furue M, Tsuneyoshi M. Subcellular distribution of cytokeratin and vimentin in malignant rhabdoid tumor: three-dimensional imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy and double immunofluorescence. Mod Pathol 2001; 14:854-61. [PMID: 11557780 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a highly aggressive neoplasm that mostly occurs in childhood, characterized histologically by rhabdoid cells as shown by eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. Although it is known that rhabdoid cells co-express cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin, the distribution patterns of these two kinds of intermediate filaments and structural relationship between them are still not known. We investigated the subcellular distribution of CKs 8 and 18 and vimentin in MRT cell lines (Tm87-16, STM91-01, TTC549, and TC289) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and double immunofluorescence, in addition to ultrastructural examination. Vimentin was diffusely expressed in the cytoplasm of MRT cells, focally forming a filamentous network. In contrast, CKs 8 and 18 were partially expressed in the cytoplasm of MRT cells, forming globules or a few vague agglomerates. Three-dimensional images in TC289 cells revealed distinct distribution patterns of cytokeratin and vimentin, showing agglomerates of cytokeratins within the vimentin filament network. We conclude that these globules and agglomerates of CKs 8 and 18 correspond with the characteristic ultrastructural finding, showing cytoplasmic bundles of intermediate filaments concentrated in whorled arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Itakura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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37
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Narita T, Taga T, Sugita K, Nakazawa S, Ohta S. The autocrine loop of epidermal growth factor receptor-epidermal growth factor / transforming growth factor-alpha in malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines: heterogeneity of autocrine mechanism in TTC549. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:269-78. [PMID: 11267936 PMCID: PMC5926717 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the autocrine loop of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-epidermal growth factor (EGF) / transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on the proliferation and differentiation of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), we used five MRT cell lines, TM87-16, STM91-01, TTC549, TTC642, and YAM-RTK1. RT-PCR analyses revealed expression of EGFR mRNA in all MRT cell lines. In contrast, the expression of either EGF or TGF-alpha mRNA was detected in all MRT cell lines. Expression of EGF, TGF-alpha, and EGFR as determined by immunocytochemical staining and in situ hybridization, correlated with the results of RT-PCR. Upon differentiation-induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in TTC549, showing an expression of TGF-alpha but not EGF initially, de novo expression of EGF mRNA appeared abruptly on day 2 of TPA treatment. To confirm the EGFR-EGF / TGF-alpha autocrine loop, we used TGF-alpha, EGF, and their antibodies in the cultures. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) to EGFR alone significantly inhibited the growth of cell line TTC549. However, mAb to EGF or TGF-alpha could inhibit proliferation of this cell line only when administrated together. Our findings would suggest that growth of the TTC549 cell line is constitutionally regulated by TGF-alpha / EGFR, but that inhibition of this autocrine mechanism results in transient activation of an autocrine loop involving EGF / EGFR. Our results may indicate the presence of two different autocrine loops of EGFR-EGF and / or EGFR-TGF-alpha in MRT cell lines. The heterogeneity of autocrine mechanisms found in MRT cell lines would be consistent with the multiphenotypic diversity and aggressive characteristics of this enigmatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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38
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Helmke L, Engler S, Mattke A, Henne-Bruns D. Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors in childhood. MEDICAL AND PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY 2001; 36:317-9. [PMID: 11452943 DOI: 10.1002/1096-911x(20010201)36:2<317::aid-mpo1073>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Helmke
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Kiel, Germany
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39
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García-Bustínduy M, Alvarez-Arguelles H, Guimerá F, García-Castro C, Sánchez-González R, Hernández N, Diaz-Flores L, García-Montelongo R. Malignant rhabdoid tumor beside benign skin mesenchymal neoplasm with myofibromatous features. J Cutan Pathol 1999; 26:509-15. [PMID: 10599942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1999.tb01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Only a few reports of primary cutaneous rhabdoid tumors have been published. We describe the case of a 3-month-old female patient who developed a rhabdoid type cutaneous sarcomatoid neoplasm in her upper back, close to a benign myofibromatous proliferation of infancy. The lesion was studied both by light microscopy and immunohistochemically. Flow cytometry was performed showing a DNA diploid profile of the malignant tumor. The pathological findings suggest a mesenchymal origin (hemangiopericytic or myofibroblastic type) for both tumors. The patient was surgically treated, but she died nine months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Bustínduy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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40
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Baschinsky DY, Niemann TH, Eaton LA, Frankel WL. Malignant mixed Müllerian tumor with rhabdoid features: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 73:145-50. [PMID: 10094896 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1998.5302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors were originally described as a type of pediatric renal neoplasm that contains cells resembling rhabdomyoblasts but lacking muscle differentiation. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumors have since been reported in multiple anatomic sites in the pediatric and adult population. These tumors are characterized by an aggressive clinical course, resistance to treatment, and a rapidly fatal outcome. Eight cases of uterine neoplasms with rhabdoid differentiation have been previously reported. In the three cases where clinical follow-up was available, the patients died of disease within 3 to 17 months after the diagnosis was established. We report two cases of uterine malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (carcinosarcoma) with rhabdoid differentiation. The findings and clinical outcome confirm the aggressive nature of uterine tumors with rhabdoid differentiation. One of the patients died of disease 3 months after initial operative treatment while the other patient's tumor recurred in 1 month and she died within 10 weeks. The poor prognosis of these neoplasms makes their histopathologic recognition important.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Baschinsky
- Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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41
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White FV, Dehner LP, Belchis DA, Conard K, Davis MM, Stocker JT, Zuppan CW, Biegel JA, Perlman EJ. Congenital disseminated malignant rhabdoid tumor: a distinct clinicopathologic entity demonstrating abnormalities of chromosome 22q11. Am J Surg Pathol 1999; 23:249-56. [PMID: 10078913 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-199903000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of a widely disseminated tumor with rhabdoid phenotype are described in nine infants < or = 3 months of age. Five neonates had tumor evident at birth, two of which had placental metastases. The average survival following diagnosis was < 6 weeks. None of the infants had an apparent primary tumor in either the kidney or brain. In four cases, the dominant mass involved the head and neck region, and in two cases, the primary mass was paraspinal. The histologic features were those of a high-grade, round cell neoplasm with abundant cytoplasm and containing cells with cytoplasmic filamentous inclusions. Immunohistochemical studies revealed polyphenotypic antigen expression. Genetic information was available from eight of nine cases. Karyotype analysis revealed abnormalities of chromosome band 22q11-12 in three of six tumors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies or molecular studies demonstrated 22q11.2 deletions in all five cases with available frozen tissue, two of which had translocations involving 22q by karyotype analysis. The similar clinical and pathologic findings in these rapidly fatal tumors in infants and the demonstration of abnormalities of chromosome 22q11 in a majority of the cases supports their histogenetic and nosologic relationship to the family of malignant rhabdoid tumors that typically occur in young children in several anatomic sites, including kidney, soft tissues, liver, and brain. Like neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor can appear as disseminated disease at birth or shortly thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V White
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110-1093, USA
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42
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/genetics
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology
- Pericardial Effusion/cytology
- Pleural Effusion/cytology
- Pregnancy
- Rhabdoid Tumor/chemistry
- Rhabdoid Tumor/genetics
- Rhabdoid Tumor/pathology
- Skin/chemistry
- Skin/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Perlman
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA
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43
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Sawyer JR, Goosen LS, Swanson CM, Tomita T, de León GA. A new reciprocal translocation (12;22)(q24.3;q11.2-12) in a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the brain. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 101:62-7. [PMID: 9460503 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the brain with a novel reciprocal translocation, t(12;22)(q24.3;q11.2-12). Previous reports of chromosome abnormalities in MRTs were characterized either by monosomy or partial deletions of chromosome 22. An unbalanced translocation has been identified in only a single case. To our knowledge, the present report is the first to describe a balanced reciprocal translocation in an MRT of the brain. The identification of this subtle translocation further sublocalizes the chromosomal breakpoint on chromosome 22, and could be of potential diagnostic value in cerebral MRTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Sawyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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44
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Utsuki S, Kaeano N, Oka H, Saegusa H, Fujii K, Yagishita S. Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor with Ependymal Differentiation : A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.7887/jcns.7.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Utsuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuyuki Kaeano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Hidehiro Oka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine:Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic
| | - Hiroshi Saegusa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine
| | - Kiyotaka Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine
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45
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Bergmann M, Spaar HJ, Ebhard G, Masini T, Edel G, Gullotta F, Meyer H. Primary malignant rhabdoid tumours of the central nervous system: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997; 139:961-8; discussion 968-9. [PMID: 9401657 DOI: 10.1007/bf01411306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three cases of primary rhabdoid tumour of the CNS (RT-CNS) are presented. In case 1 a hemispheric tumour developed in a 10.5 months old girl, who survived for 6 months after incomplete resection, radio- and polychemotherapy. Case 2 was a 4 years and 8 months old boy with a large IIIrd ventricle tumour, who died of leptomeningeal tumour dissemination 7 months after diagnosis despite radiotherapy. In case 3 a pineal mass occurring in a 14 month old female was radioresistant and totally exstirpated. The child died due to tumour recurrence two months later. Autopsy examination revealed widespread leptomeningeal dissemination. All three cases fulfilled light and electron microscopic criteria of RT-CNS including abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei with large nucleoli and conspicuous anti-vimentin positive filaments. Extensive immunohistochemical studies showed expression of epithelial (EMA, KL1), macrophage (alpha-1 antichymotrypsin), neuro-ectodermal (GFAP, NSE, beta-tubulin III) and myogenic markers (desmin, actin). Different stress proteins (alpha-B crystallin, HSP70) were also expressed. Tumour cells showed a proliferation (MIB1) index of 28.4% (case 1) and 33.4% (case 2). From our study it can be concluded that RT-CNS reveals significant immuno-morphological heterogeneity thus supporting the view that it is not a specific pathological entity but merely a phenotypic appearance of different neoplasms, some of which are linked to primitive neuro-ectodermal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bergmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuropathology, Zentralkrankenhaus Bremen-Ost, Federal Republic of Germany
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46
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Suzuki A, Ohta S, Shimada M. Gene expression of malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. DIAGNOSTIC MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY : THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY, PART B 1997; 6:326-32. [PMID: 9559292 DOI: 10.1097/00019606-199712000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are characterized by unique neoplastic cells demonstrating phenotypic diversity. By using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we have detected expression of various genes before and after differentiation induction with four different agents in four established MRT cell lines (TM87-16, STM91-01, TTC642, and TTC549). The agents used in this study were all-trans retinoic acid (RA), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), interleukin-3, or interferon-gamma. Before and after induction, c-myc, IGF-II, IGF-I receptor, and IGF-II receptor were constitutively expressed by all four cell lines. The neurofilament medium-size (NF-M) was constitutively expressed by the TM87-16 and TTC642, and the S100 protein alpha subunit was expressed by TM87-16, TTC642, and TTC549. Chromogranin A was expressed by TM87-16 only after treatment with either TPA or RA. MyoD, N-myc, tyrosine hydroxylase, N-CAM, trkA, and the S100 protein beta subunit were not expressed by any cell line before or after induction with these agents. All the MRT cell lines in this study except TM87-16 were highly resistant to differentiation induction. The proliferating cells in TM87-16 and TTC642 expressed mRNA profiles characteristic of neuroectoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
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47
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Abstract
The case of an infant born with a large polypoid tumour arising from the mouth is described. The tumour had the histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural phenotype of an extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumour and followed an aggressive clinical course. This is one of the few reported cases of malignant rhabdoid tumour to present at birth. The oral tumour was associated with a mass in the posterior cranial fossa. This was most likely to be a simultaneous second primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Pizer
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol, U.K
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48
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Caputo V, Repetti ML, Grimoldi N, Lazzarini G, Masini B, Radice F. Cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma with rhabdoid tumor-like features. J Neurooncol 1997; 32:81-6. [PMID: 9049866 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005779221007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present paper describes a case of cerebral neoplasm presenting histological-immunohistochemical characteristics of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) and ultrastructural features of both MRT and rhabdomyosarcoma (R). MRT was first described as an aggressive neoplasm of unknown histogenesis of the kidney, then many other sites of onset were reported, including the central nervous system. However, it has been shown that other tumors of known histogenesis can mimic histologic and ultrastructural features of MRT. On the basis of our findings we agree with authors who support the notion that extrarenal MRT has often a different histogenesis from MRT of kidney, and it probably is a 'phenotypic' entity rather than a distinct pathologic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Caputo
- Institute of Pathologic Anatomy, University of Milan, Ospedale Poucunico IRCCS, Italy
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Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumor is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy of unknown etiology. We report a primary cutaneous rhabdoid tumor on the upper back of a newborn. It was initially diagnosed as a hemangioma clinically, and that diagnosis was supported by radiologic studies, including magnetic resonance imaging. However, detailed investigation with light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy enabled us to make a diagnosis of rhabdoid tumor. This is the seventh reported case of rhabdoid tumor with primary cutaneous involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Albregts
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas, Houston Medical School, USA
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Fisher BJ, Siddiqui J, Macdonald D, Cairney AE, Ramsey D, Munoz D, Del Maestro R. Malignant rhabdoid tumor of brain: an aggressive clinical entity. Can J Neurol Sci 1996; 23:257-63. [PMID: 8951203 DOI: 10.1017/s0317167100038191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report three patients with malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the brain, two children and an adult. There were three purposes to this report: to describe the clinical course in an adult with MRT; to describe the interesting histopathological metamorphosis of one of the tumors; and to report the outcome of the treatment regimens we used in order to help guide future treatment. Since these tumors are quite rare it is important to continue to try new regimens in the search for effective therapy rather than to repeat ineffective ones. METHOD Report of three patients. RESULTS The clinical course in all three patients was typical of these aggressive neoplasms in that chemotherapy and radiotherapy were ineffective in modifying the rapid deterioration leading to death. CONCLUSIONS MRT can occur in adults. Autopsy in one patient showed that the tumor seemed to undergo an evolution in appearance when compared with the original pathology specimen from craniotomy. Administration of systemic therapy should be prompt and include intrathecal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Fisher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
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