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de Korte AM, de Rooij BH, Boll D, van Loon I, Vincent N, Hoedjes M, Lammens CRM, Mols F, van der Lee ML, Vos MC, Ezendam NPM. Barriers and facilitators for healthy lifestyle and recommendations for counseling in endometrial cancer follow-up care: a qualitative study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 45:2340465. [PMID: 38622864 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2024.2340465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lifestyle promotion during follow-up consultations may improve long-term health and quality of life in endometrial cancer patients. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to improve and sustain a healthy lifestyle that can be translated to behavioral methods and strategies for lifestyle counseling. METHODS Endometrial cancer patients from three hospitals were recruited to participate in a semi-structured interview. The data were transcribed and coded. Thematic analysis was applied to identify themes and the behavior change wheel was used as a theoretical framework. Data saturation was confirmed after 18 interviews. RESULTS Barriers included knowledge gaps as well as lack of motivation and environmental opportunities to engage in health-promoting behavior. Facilitators included applying incremental lifestyle changes, social support, positive reinforcements, and the ability to overcome setbacks. CONCLUSIONS We propose the following intervention functions: education, persuasion, training, environmental restructuring, and enablement. Suitable behavior change techniques to deliver the intervention functions include information about the consequences of certain behavior, feedback on behavior, credible source, graded tasks, habit formation, restructuring of the environment, prompts/cues, goal setting, action planning, and social support. Including these recommendations in lifestyle counseling could aid lasting lifestyle change since it suits the needs and preferences of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M de Korte
- The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS - Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Belle H de Rooij
- The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS - Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Dorry Boll
- Department of Gynecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Loon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Noor Vincent
- Department of Gynecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Meeke Hoedjes
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS - Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Floor Mols
- The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS - Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Marije L van der Lee
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS - Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Scientific Research Department, Centre for Psycho-Oncology, Helen Dowling Institute, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Caroline Vos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg and Waalwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole P M Ezendam
- The Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS - Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Sun Y, Wu W, Cheng X, Chen X, Ren F. Association between metabolic disorders and clinicopathologic features in endometrial cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1351982. [PMID: 39257906 PMCID: PMC11385602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1351982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the incidence of Endometrial cancer (EC) has been on the rise due to high-fat, high-calorie diets and low-exercise lifestyles. However, the relationships between metabolic disorders and the progression of EC remain uncertain. The purpose of our study was to explore the potential association between obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and clinicopathologic characteristics in EC patients. Methods In categorical variables, Chi-square tests were used to calculate P values. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors of myometrial invasion>1/2 and lymph node metastasis. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The study included 406 individuals with EC, 62.6% had type I and 37.4% had type II. Hypertension was seen in 132 (32.5%), hyperglycemia in 75 (18.5%), and overweight or obesity in 217 (53.4%). Hypertension, hyperglycemia, and obesity are strongly associated with the clinicopathologic features of EC. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that hyperglycemia (OR=2.439,95% CI: 1.025-5.804, P = 0.044) was a risk factor for myometrial invasion depth >1/2 in patients with type I EC, and hypertension (OR=32.124,95% CI: 3.287-313.992, P = 0.003) was a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in patients with type I EC. Survival analysis found that hyperglycemia (P < 0.001) and hypertension (P = 0.002) were associated with OS in type I EC. Neither hyperglycemia, hypertension, nor obesity were associated with the prognosis in type II EC. Conclusion Hyperglycemia was a risk factor for myometrial invasion depth >1/2 in patients with type I EC and hypertension was a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in patients with type I EC. Hypertension and hyperglycemia were associated with poor prognosis in patients with type I EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuerou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Hangzhou, China
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Bassette E, Ducie JA. Endometrial Cancer in Reproductive-Aged Females: Etiology and Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:886. [PMID: 38672240 PMCID: PMC11047839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, and the incidence is rising in premenopausal females. Type I EC is more common than Type II EC (80% vs. 20%) and is associated with a hyperestrogenic state. Estrogen unopposed by progesterone is considered to be the main driving factor in the pathogenesis of EC. Studies show that BMI > 30 kg/m2, prolonged duration of menses, nulliparity, presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome, and Lynch syndrome are the most common causes of EC in premenopausal women. Currently, there are no guidelines established to indicate premenopausal patients who should be screened. This review aims to synthesize current data on the etiology, risk factors, presentation, evaluation, and prognosis of endometrial cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bassette
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Jennifer A. Ducie
- Methodist Gynecology Oncology, Nebraska Methodist Hospital, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
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Von Holle A, Adami HO, Baglietto L, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Bertrand KA, Blot W, Chen Y, DeHart JC, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Fournier A, Garcia-Closas M, Giles G, Guevara M, Hankinson SE, Heath A, Jones ME, Joshu CE, Kaaks R, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koh WP, Linet MS, Park HL, Masala G, Mellemkjaer L, Milne RL, O'Brien KM, Palmer JR, Riboli E, Rohan TE, Shrubsole MJ, Sund M, Tamimi R, Tin Tin S, Visvanathan K, Vermeulen RC, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Yuan JM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Nichols HB, Sandler DP, Swerdlow AJ, Schoemaker MJ, Weinberg CR. BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 89:102545. [PMID: 38377945 PMCID: PMC10942753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer before menopause, but increased risk after menopause. Exactly when this reversal occurs in relation to menopause is unclear. Locating that change point could provide insight into the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology. METHODS We examined the association between BMI and breast cancer risk in the Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaborative Group, from age 45 up to breast cancer diagnosis, loss to follow-up, death, or age 55, whichever came first. Analyses included 609,880 women in 16 prospective studies, including 9956 who developed breast cancer before age 55. We fitted three BMI hazard ratio (HR) models over age-time: constant, linear, or nonlinear (via splines), applying piecewise exponential additive mixed models, with age as the primary time scale. We divided person-time into four strata: premenopause; postmenopause due to natural menopause; postmenopause because of interventional loss of ovarian function (bilateral oophorectomy (BO) or chemotherapy); postmenopause due to hysterectomy without BO. Sensitivity analyses included stratifying by BMI in young adulthood, or excluding women using menopausal hormone therapy. RESULTS The constant BMI HR model provided the best fit for all four menopausal status groups. Under this model, the estimated association between a five-unit increment in BMI and breast cancer risk was HR=0.87 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.89) before menopause, HR=1.00 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.04) after natural menopause, HR=0.99 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.05) after interventional loss of ovarian function, and HR=0.88 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.02) after hysterectomy without BO. CONCLUSION The BMI breast cancer HRs remained less than or near one during the 45-55 year age range indicating that the transition to a positive association between BMI and risk occurs after age 55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Von Holle
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Clinical Effectiveness Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - William Blot
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Clague DeHart
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Laure Dossus
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agnes Fournier
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Paris, France
| | - Montse Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Cari M Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Martha S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah Lui Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for the Study and Prevention of Cancer, Florence, Italy
| | - Lene Mellemkjaer
- Diet, Cancer and Health, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie M O'Brien
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umea University, Sweden
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roel Ch Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Sharman R, Harris Z, Ernst B, Mussallem D, Larsen A, Gowin K. Lifestyle Factors and Cancer: A Narrative Review. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2024; 8:166-183. [PMID: 38468817 PMCID: PMC10925935 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors and their impact on cancer prevention, prognosis, and survivorship are increasingly recognized in the medical literature. Lifestyle factors are primarily defined here as diet and physical activity. We conducted a narrative review of the primary published data, including randomized controlled trials and prospective studies, on the impact of primary lifestyle factors on oncogenesis and clinical outcomes in the preventative and survivorship setting. First, we discuss the oncogenic mechanisms behind primary lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity and, within these 2, obesity). Then, we discuss the impact of adherence to lifestyle guidelines and dietary patterns on cancer incidence based on primary data. Owing to the plethora of published literature, to summarize the data in a more efficient manner, we describe the role of physical activity on cancer incidence using summative systematic reviews. We end by synthesizing the primary data on lifestyle factors in the survivorship setting and conclude with potential future directions. In brief, the various large-scale studies investigating the role diet and physical activity have reported a beneficial effect on cancer prevention and survivorship. Although the impact of single lifestyle factors on cancer incidence risk reduction is generally supported, holistic approaches to address the potential synergistic impact of multiple lifestyle factors together in concert is limited. Future research to identify the potentially synergistic effects of lifestyle modifications on oncogenesis and clinical outcomes is needed, particularly in cancer subtypes beyond colorectal and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reya Sharman
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Zoey Harris
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Brenda Ernst
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Dawn Mussallem
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ashley Larsen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Krisstina Gowin
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Lee C, Lee S, Yoo W. Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High-Fat Diet-Induced Colorectal Cancer. J Microbiol 2024; 62:153-165. [PMID: 38625645 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungrin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Alqahtani AR, Alqahtani O, Amro N, Al Qahtani A, Elahmedi M, Abdurabu H, Boutros A, Abdo N, Ebishi A, Awil A, Aldarwish A. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in those with class I obesity: safety, efficacy, and quality of life. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:1135-1141. [PMID: 37076319 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class I obesity carries significant morbidity and mortality risk similar to higher grades of obesity, and persons with class I obesity have a high risk of progression to class II and III obesity. While bariatric surgery has made strides in safety and efficacy, it remains inaccessible for persons with class I obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 30-35 kg/m2). OBJECTIVES To assess safety, weight loss durability, co-morbidity resolution, and quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in persons with class I obesity. SETTING Multidisciplinary medical center that specializes in obesity management. METHODS A longitudinal prospective single-surgeon registry was queried for data pertaining to persons with class I obesity who underwent primary LSG. Primary endpoint was weight loss. Secondary endpoints included change in obesity-related co-morbidities, adverse events, and post hoc analysis of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System results. Follow-up was divided into short- (1-3 yr), intermediate- (4-7 yr), and long-term (8-12 yr). We evaluated percent excess weight loss (%EWL) using linear mixed models adjusting for age, sex, years since operation, and baseline BMI. Least-squares means estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated. RESULTS Of 13,863 bariatric procedures, a total of 1851 patients were included. Mean baseline BMI, age, and male:female ratio were 32.6 ± 2.1 kg/m2, 33.7 ± 9.2 years, and 1:5, respectively. Adjusted mean %EWL (95% CI) at short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up were 111% (95% CI, 91%-131%), 110% (95% CI, 89%-131%), and 141% (95% CI, 57%-225%), respectively. Of 195 patients with type 2 diabetes, 59% experienced complete remission, and of 168 patients with hypertension, 43% experienced complete remission. Being on oral antidiabetes medication was a significant predictor of sustained remission compared with being on insulin or combination therapy (P < .001). Sixty-nine patients had symptoms of GERD before surgery, which improved in 55 (79.7%). Thirty-three patients developed de novo symptoms of GERD. The average Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System score was 4.5 ± 1.7, with 83% of participants rating their quality of life after surgery as good, very good, or excellent. CONCLUSION Those with class I obesity who undergo LSG experience normalization of weight, sustained remission of co-morbidity, and good quality of life without significant risk of morbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Alqahtani
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Amro
- New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Al Qahtani
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nael Abdo
- New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amal Awil
- New You Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vick LV, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Multifaceted effects of obesity on cancer immunotherapies: Bridging preclinical models and clinical data. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:88-102. [PMID: 37499846 PMCID: PMC10836337 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined by excessive body fat, is a highly complex condition affecting numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. These multifaceted effects impact cells and tissues throughout the host, including immune cells as well as cancer biology. Because of the multifaceted nature of obesity, common parameters used to define it (such as body mass index in humans) can be problematic, and more nuanced methods are needed to characterize the pleiotropic metabolic effects of obesity. Obesity is well-accepted as an overall negative prognostic factor for cancer incidence, progression, and outcome. This is in part due to the meta-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of obesity. Immunotherapy is increasingly used in cancer therapy, and there are many different types of immunotherapy approaches. The effects of obesity on immunotherapy have only recently been studied with the demonstration of an "obesity paradox", in which some immune therapies have been demonstrated to result in greater efficacy in obese subjects despite the direct adverse effects of obesity and excess body fat acting on the cancer itself. The multifactorial characteristics that influence the effects of obesity (age, sex, lean muscle mass, underlying metabolic conditions and drugs) further confound interpretation of clinical data and necessitate the use of more relevant preclinical models mirroring these variables in the human scenario. Such models will allow for more nuanced mechanistic assessment of how obesity can impact, both positively and negatively, cancer biology, host metabolism, immune regulation, and how these intersecting processes impact the delivery and outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan V Vick
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Malignant Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Transplantation, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Shang M, Zhang W. Predictive factors of endometrial lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 288:67-72. [PMID: 37451131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the risk factors of endometrial lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) and establish prediction models which can discriminate between different endometrial etiologies of AUB. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted this cross-sectional study in consecutive 778 women with AUB who received ultrasound examination and endometrial histopathological examination. Models were developed to distinguish between normal endometrium and (1) endometrial lesions, (2) endometrial polyps, (3) endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, (4) endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. RESULTS 274 (35.2%) women had normal endometrium; 504 (64.8%) had endometrial lesions, including 337(43.3%) endometrial polyps, 139(17.9%) endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 28(3.6%) endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Age (OR = 1.122, 95%CI 1.002-1.257, P < 0.001), ET (endometrial thickness, OR = 2.702, 95%CI 1.629-4.402, P < 0.001), and CA125(U/ml) (OR = 1.007, 95%CI 1.003-1.021, P < 0.001) are independent risk factors of endometrial lesions in women with AUB. BMI(OR = 1.109, 95%CI 1.067-1.433,P = 0.038), ET(OR = 20.741, 95%CI 16.136-98.842, P < 0.001), age(OR = 1.182, 95%CI1.031-1.433,P = 0.016)、CA125(U/ml) (OR = 1.690, 95%CI 1.506-1.929,P = 0.001), prevalence of hypertension(OR = 1.350, 95%CI 1.051-67.82, P = 0.014) and diabetes(OR = 1.108, 95%CI 1.008-20.194,P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in patients with AUB. The model we built could predict atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma with the sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 80.7% and the AUC of 0.921. CONCLUSION In women with AUB, the new-built model based on age, BMI, endometrial thickness, hypertension, diabetes and CA125 could discriminate reliable between atypical hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma and normal women. The model may be useful for management of AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
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10
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Emons G, Steiner E, Vordermark D, Uleer C, Paradies K, Tempfer C, Aretz S, Cremer W, Hanf V, Mallmann P, Ortmann O, Römer T, Schmutzler RK, Horn LC, Kommoss S, Lax S, Schmoeckel E, Mokry T, Grab D, Reinhardt M, Steinke-Lange V, Brucker SY, Kiesel L, Witteler R, Fleisch MC, Friedrich M, Höcht S, Lichtenegger W, Mueller M, Runnebaum I, Feyer P, Hagen V, Juhasz-Böss I, Letsch A, Niehoff P, Zeimet AG, Battista MJ, Petru E, Widhalm S, van Oorschot B, Panke JE, Weis J, Dauelsberg T, Haase H, Beckmann MW, Jud S, Wight E, Prott FJ, Micke O, Bader W, Reents N, Henscher U, Schallenberg M, Rahner N, Mayr D, Kreißl M, Lindel K, Mustea A, Strnad V, Goerling U, Bauerschmitz GJ, Langrehr J, Neulen J, Ulrich UA, Nothacker MJ, Blödt S, Follmann M, Langer T, Wenzel G, Weber S, Erdogan S. Endometrial Cancer. Guideline of the DGGG, DKG and DKH (S3-Level, AWMF Registry Number 032/034-OL, September 2022). Part 1 with Recommendations on the Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis and Hereditary Factors of Endometrial Cancer, Geriatric Assessment and Supply Structures. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2023; 83:919-962. [PMID: 37588260 PMCID: PMC10427205 DOI: 10.1055/a-2066-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary The S3-guideline on endometrial cancer, first published in April 2018, was reviewed in its entirety between April 2020 and January 2022 and updated. The review was carried out at the request of German Cancer Aid as part of the Oncology Guidelines Program and the lead coordinators were the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Gynecology Oncology Working Group (AGO) of the German Cancer Society (DKG) and the German Cancer Aid (DKH). The guideline update was based on a systematic search and assessment of the literature published between 2016 and 2020. All statements, recommendations and background texts were reviewed and either confirmed or amended. New statements and recommendations were included where necessary. Aim The use of evidence-based risk-adapted therapies to treat women with endometrial cancer of low risk prevents unnecessarily radical surgery and avoids non-beneficial adjuvant radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. For women with endometrial cancer and a high risk of recurrence, the guideline defines the optimum level of radical surgery and indicates whether chemotherapy and/or adjuvant radiation therapy is necessary. This should improve the survival rates and quality of life of these patients. The S3-guideline on endometrial cancer and the quality indicators based on the guideline aim to provide the basis for the work of certified gynecological cancer centers. Methods The guideline was first compiled in 2018 in accordance with the requirements for S3-level guidelines and was updated in 2022. The update included an adaptation of the source guidelines identified using the German Instrument for Methodological Guideline Appraisal (DELBI). The update also used evidence reviews which were created based on selected literature obtained from systematic searches in selected literature databases using the PICO process. The Clinical Guidelines Service Group was tasked with carrying out a systematic search and assessment of the literature. Their results were used by interdisciplinary working groups as a basis for developing suggestions for recommendations and statements which were then modified during structured online consensus conferences and/or additionally amended online using the DELPHI process to achieve a consensus. Recommendations Part 1 of this short version of the guideline provides recommendations on epidemiology, screening, diagnosis, and hereditary factors. The epidemiology of endometrial cancer and the risk factors for developing endometrial cancer are presented. The options for screening and the methods used to diagnose endometrial cancer are outlined. Recommendations are given for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of hereditary forms of endometrial cancer. The use of geriatric assessment is considered and existing structures of care are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Emons
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eric Steiner
- Frauenklinik GPR Klinikum Rüsselsheim am Main, Rüsselsheim, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Universität Halle (Saale), Radiotherapie, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Uleer
- Facharzt für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Paradies
- Konferenz onkologischer Kranken- und Kinderkrankenpfleger (KOK), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Tempfer
- Frauenklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum/Herne, Germany
| | - Stefan Aretz
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Bonn, Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Volker Hanf
- Frauenklinik Nathanstift – Klinikum Fürth, Fürth, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Ortmann
- Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Römer
- Evangelisches Klinikum Köln Weyertal, Gynäkologie Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Rita K. Schmutzler
- Universitätsklinikum Köln, Zentrum Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kommoss
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Institut für Pathologie, LKH Graz Süd-West, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Theresa Mokry
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Grab
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Reinhardt
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Pius Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Verena Steinke-Lange
- MGZ – Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum München, München, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universitätsfrauenklinik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kiesel
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Frauenklinik A Schweitzer Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Witteler
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Frauenklinik A Schweitzer Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus C. Fleisch
- Helios, Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, Landesfrauenklinik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Michael Friedrich
- Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Höcht
- XCare, Praxis für Strahlentherapie Saarlouis, Saarlouis, Germany
| | - Werner Lichtenegger
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Frauenklinik Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mueller
- Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Feyer
- Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Hagen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, St.-Johannes-Hospital Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Anne Letsch
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Innere Medizin, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Niehoff
- Strahlenklinik, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Alain Gustave Zeimet
- Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Universitätsklinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Edgar Petru
- Med. Univ. Graz, Frauenheilkunde, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Birgitt van Oorschot
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Palliativmedizin, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joan Elisabeth Panke
- Medizinischer Dienst des Spitzenverbandes Bund der Krankenkassen e. V. Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Tumorzentrum Freiburg – CCCF, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Timm Dauelsberg
- Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Klinik für Onkologische Rehabilitation, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Edward Wight
- Frauenklinik des Universitätsspitals Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz-Josef Prott
- Facharzt für Radiologie und Strahlentherapie, Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Oliver Micke
- Franziskus Hospital Bielefeld, Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Werner Bader
- Klinikum Bielefeld Mitte, Zentrum für Frauenheilkunde, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Doris Mayr
- LMU München, Pathologisches Institut, München, Germany
| | - Michael Kreißl
- Universität Magdeburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Germany
| | - Katja Lindel
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Zentrum Gynäkologie und gynäkologische Onkologie, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vratislav Strnad
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Brustzentrum Franken, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Goerling
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd J. Bauerschmitz
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Langrehr
- Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Klinik für Allgemein-, Gefäß- und Viszeralchirurgie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph Neulen
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie und Reproduktionsmedizin, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Andreas Ulrich
- Martin-Luther-Krankenhaus, Johannesstift Diakonie, Gynäkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Follmann
- Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Office des Leitlinienprogramms Onkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Office des Leitlinienprogramms Onkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Wenzel
- Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Office des Leitlinienprogramms Onkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Weber
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Erdogan
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Göttingen, Germany
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Dec P, Poniewierska-Baran A, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of Omentin-1 in Cancers Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3797. [PMID: 37568613 PMCID: PMC10417146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue serves as an energy store and is also an active endocrine organ, exerting activity that influences obesity-related processes through the production of regulatory proteins called adipokines or adipocytokines. Adipokines play important direct and indirect roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the regulation of local and systemic inflammatory processes, and related metabolic complications. There have been an increasing number of studies showing the relationship between some adipokines and carcinogenesis. This work reviews the current literature concerning the effects of omentin-1 on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Dec
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Agata Poniewierska-Baran
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Accattatis FM, Caruso A, Carleo A, Del Console P, Gelsomino L, Bonofiglio D, Giordano C, Barone I, Andò S, Bianchi L, Catalano S. CEBP-β and PLK1 as Potential Mediators of the Breast Cancer/Obesity Crosstalk: In Vitro and In Silico Analyses. Nutrients 2023; 15:2839. [PMID: 37447165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, obesity has reached pandemic proportions in several countries, and expanding evidence is showing its contribution to several types of malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). The conditioned medium (CM) from mature adipocytes contains a complex of secretes that may mimic the obesity condition in studies on BC cell lines conducted in vitro. Here, we report a transcriptomic analysis on MCF-7 BC cells exposed to adipocyte-derived CM and focus on the predictive functional relevance that CM-affected pathways/processes and related biomarkers (BMs) may have in BC response to obesity. CM was demonstrated to increase cell proliferation, motility and invasion as well as broadly alter the transcript profiles of MCF-7 cells by significantly modulating 364 genes. Bioinformatic functional analyses unraveled the presence of five highly relevant central hubs in the direct interaction networks (DIN), and Kaplan-Meier analysis sorted the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (CEBP-β) and serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 (PLK1) as clinically significant biomarkers in BC. Indeed, CEBP-β and PLK1 negatively correlated with BC overall survival and were up-regulated by adipocyte-derived CM. In addition to their known involvement in cell proliferation and tumor progression, our work suggests them as a possible "deus ex machina" in BC response to fat tissue humoral products in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Piercarlo Del Console
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, Via Aldo Moro, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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13
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Altová A. Trends in obesity-related cancer burden in Czechia. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:134-141. [PMID: 35569084 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is a major lifestyle risk factor that contributes greatly to the burden of disease, including cancer. Overweight and obesity have shown association with several types of cancer. As Czechia is one of the most overweight countries in Europe, and has high cancer mortality, this study aims to investigate the country's long-term burden of obesity-related cancer. METHODS Using the Czech National Cancer Register and the NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated for 12 types of cancer related to obesity for the years 1985-2018. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated. Finally, the standardized attributable rates were calculated from the standardized incidence and mortality rates and the PAFs. RESULTS Approximately 11.0% of selected cancer cases in the male population and 12.3% in the female population were attributable to overweight and obesity in 2018. Since the beginning of the millennium, obesity attributable cancer mortality has dropped, while incidence has remained constant. The incidence throughout the whole period was almost twice as high (18.7 cases per 100,000 population in 2018) in women than in men (10.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2018). CONCLUSION Obesity-related cancer mortality in Czechia has declined in the last two decades, but the incidence has remained constant. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in western countries, this issue needs to be prioritized in future healthcare and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altová
- Department of Demography and Geodemography, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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14
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Scheinberg T, Mak B, Butler L, Selth L, Horvath LG. Targeting lipid metabolism in metastatic prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231152839. [PMID: 36743527 PMCID: PMC9893394 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite key advances in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), a proportion of men have de novo resistance, and all will develop resistance to current therapeutics over time. Aberrant lipid metabolism has long been associated with prostate carcinogenesis and progression, but more recently there has been an explosion of preclinical and clinical data which is informing new clinical trials. This review explores the epidemiological links between obesity and metabolic syndrome and PCa, the evidence for altered circulating lipids in PCa and their potential role as biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for targeting lipids in men with PCa, including therapies widely used in cardiovascular disease such as statins, metformin and lifestyle modification, as well as novel targeted agents such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors, DES1 inhibitors and agents targeting FASN and beta oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia Scheinberg
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Blossom Mak
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown NSW, Australia,Advanced Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia,University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Butler
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke Selth
- South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute and Freemason’s Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Labs, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Bedford Park, Australia
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15
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Huang T, Howse FM, Stachenfeld NS, Usselman CW. Correlations between salivary- and blood-derived gonadal hormone assessments and implications for inclusion of female participants in research studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H33-H46. [PMID: 36426884 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00399.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Even in the 21st century, female participants continue to be underrepresented in human physiology research. This underrepresentation is attributable in part to the perception that the inclusion of females is more time consuming, less convenient, and more expensive relative to males because of the need to account for the menstrual cycle in cardiovascular study designs. Accounting for menstrual cycle-induced fluctuations in gonadal hormones is important, given established roles in governing vascular function and evidence that failure to consider gonadal hormone fluctuations can result in misinterpretations of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Thus, for cardiovascular researchers, the inclusion of females in research studies implies a necessity to predict, quantify, and/or track indexes of menstrual cycle-induced changes in hormones. It is here that methodologies are lacking. Gold standard measurement requires venous blood samples, but this technique is invasive and can become both expensive and technically preclusive when serial measurements are required. To this end, saliva-derived measures of gonadal hormones provide a means of simple, noninvasive hormone tracking. To investigate the feasibility of this technique as a means of facilitating research designs that take the menstrual cycle into account, the purpose of this review was to examine literature comparing salivary and blood concentrations of the primary gonadal hormones that fluctuate across the menstrual cycle: estradiol and progesterone. The data indicate that there appear to be valid and promising applications of salivary gonadal hormone monitoring, which may aid in the inclusion of female participants in cardiovascular research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Huang
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fiona M Howse
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nina S Stachenfeld
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charlotte W Usselman
- Cardiovascular Health and Autonomic Regulation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Berishvili AI, Kedrova AG, Greyan TA, Zaitseva OV. Obesity and breast cancer. TUMORS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1994-4098-2022-18-3-40-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the latest literature data on the problem of obesity and breast cancer (BC). This review presents modern approaches to the diagnosis of BC in obese patients, new molecular methods of breast imaging, analyzes the features of the course of BC with obesity depending on menstrual status, molecular biological subtypes of the tumor, the mechanisms of the development of BC against the background of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. I. Berishvili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Biomedical Agency; Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
| | - A. G. Kedrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Research and Clinical Center, Federal Biomedical Agency; Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation; Institute of Oncology and Neurosurgery, E. N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. A. Greyan
- Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
| | - O. V. Zaitseva
- Department of Oncology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Biomedical Agency of the Russian Federation
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Wele P, Wu X, Shi H. Sex-Dependent Differences in Colorectal Cancer: With a Focus on Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223688. [PMID: 36429114 PMCID: PMC9688265 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest cancer-related mortality in the world. The incident rates of CRC vary country-wise; however, population studies and data from different countries show a general increase in the CRC rate in young adults, males, and females ≥65 years. CRC incidence is affected by age, sex, environmental, dietary, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Obesity is a known disease that is spreading rapidly throughout the world. A large body of literature indicates that, among many conditions, obesity is the increasing cause of CRC. Even though obesity is one of the known factors for CRC development, limited studies are available that explain the mechanistic link between obesity, sex hormones, and CRC development. Thus, this review summarizes the literature and aims to understand sex-dependent differences in CRC, especially in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Wele
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-529-3162
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18
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D'Urso S, Arumugam P, Weider T, Hwang LD, Bond TA, Kemp JP, Warrington NM, Evans DM, O'Mara TA, Moen GH. Mendelian randomization analysis of factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer risk. BMC Med 2022; 20:419. [PMID: 36320039 PMCID: PMC9623961 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational epidemiological studies suggest a link between several factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer (EC) risk; however, it is not clear whether these relationships are causal, and whether the risk factors act independently of each other. The aim of this study was to investigate putative causal relationships between the number of live births, age at last live birth, and years ovulating and EC risk. METHODS: We conducted a series of observational analyses to investigate various risk factors and EC risk in the UK Biobank (UKBB). Additionally, multivariate analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between the number of live births, age at last live birth, and years ovulating and other related factors such as age at natural menopause, age at menarche, and body mass index (BMI). Secondly, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess if these observed relationships were causal. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from previous studies of woman's number of live births, age at menopause and menarche, and BMI. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis using the UKBB to identify SNPs associated with years ovulating, years using the contraceptive pill, and age at last live birth. RESULTS We found evidence for a causal effect of the number of live births (inverse variance weighted (IVW) odds ratio (OR): 0.537, p = 0.006), the number of years ovulating (IVW OR: 1.051, p = 0.014), in addition to the known risk factors BMI, age at menarche, and age at menopause on EC risk in the univariate MR analyses. Due to the close relationships between these factors, we followed up with multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis. Results from the MVMR analysis showed that number of live births had a causal effect on EC risk (OR: 0.783, p = 0.036) independent of BMI, age at menarche and age at menopause. CONCLUSIONS MVMR analysis showed that the number of live births causally reduced the risk of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D'Urso
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pooja Arumugam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Therese Weider
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tom A Bond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John P Kemp
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David M Evans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tracy A O'Mara
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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19
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Chien YH, Hsieh ML, Sheng TW, Chang YH, Wang LJ, Chuang CK, Pang ST, Wu CT, Shao IH. Body composition and pelvic fat distribution are associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and can predict biochemical recurrence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31076. [PMID: 36221433 PMCID: PMC9542672 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of body composition and pelvic fat distribution on the aggressiveness and prognosis of localized prostate cancer. This study included patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with positive surgical margins. Clinicodemographic data were collected from patients' medical reports. Pretreatment magnetic resonance images (MRI) obtained for cancer staging were reviewed by a single radiologist to calculate pelvic fat distribution and body composition. We correlated these body composition parameters with initial prostate-specific antigen (iPSA), Gleason score, extracapsular tumor extension, and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival. The iPSA was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI; P = .027), pelvic fat volume (P = .004), and perirectal fat volume (P = .001), whereas the Gleason score was significantly associated with BMI only (P = .011). Tumor extracapsular extension was significantly associated with increased periprostatic fat volume (P = .047). Patients with less subcutaneous fat thickness (<2.4 cm) had significantly poor BCR-free survival (P = .039). Pelvic fat distribution, including pelvic fat volume, perirectal fat volume, and periprostatic fat volume, were significantly correlated with prostate cancer aggressiveness. Patients with less subcutaneous fat had an increased risk of BCR after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chien
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Li Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Sheng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsu Chang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Wu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelong Branch, Taiwan
| | - I-Hung Shao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- *Correspondence: I-Hung Shao, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fushing Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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20
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Ugai T, Sasamoto N, Lee HY, Ando M, Song M, Tamimi RM, Kawachi I, Campbell PT, Giovannucci EL, Weiderpass E, Rebbeck TR, Ogino S. Is early-onset cancer an emerging global epidemic? Current evidence and future implications. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:656-673. [PMID: 36068272 PMCID: PMC9509459 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the incidence of early-onset cancers, often defined as cancers diagnosed in adults <50 years of age, in the breast, colorectum, endometrium, oesophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, head and neck, kidney, liver, bone marrow, pancreas, prostate, stomach and thyroid has increased in multiple countries. Increased use of screening programmes has contributed to this phenomenon to a certain extent, although a genuine increase in the incidence of early-onset forms of several cancer types also seems to have emerged. Evidence suggests an aetiological role of risk factor exposures in early life and young adulthood. Since the mid-20th century, substantial multigenerational changes in the exposome have occurred (including changes in diet, lifestyle, obesity, environment and the microbiome, all of which might interact with genomic and/or genetic susceptibilities). However, the effects of individual exposures remain largely unknown. To study early-life exposures and their implications for multiple cancer types will require prospective cohort studies with dedicated biobanking and data collection technologies. Raising awareness among both the public and health-care professionals will also be critical. In this Review, we describe changes in the incidence of early-onset cancers globally and suggest measures that are likely to reduce the burden of cancers and other chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Convergence Science, Convergence Science Academy, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariko Ando
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Zhu Family Center for Global Cancer Prevention, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Gremke N, Griewing S, Kalder M, Kostev K. Positive association between body height and breast cancer prevalence: a retrospective study with 135,741 women in Germany. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:349-354. [PMID: 36085535 PMCID: PMC9581809 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of breast cancer in relation to body height and to investigate associations between body height and breast cancer in Germany. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 135,741 adult women followed in one of 161 gynecology practices in Germany between January 2019 and December 2021. The 3 year prevalence of breast cancer (ICD-10: C50) during the study period was shown in relation to body height, which was included in this study as a five-category variable for women: ≤ 160 cm, 161–165 cm, 166–170 cm, 171–175 cm, > 175 cm. The associations between height and breast cancer were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for age and BMI. Results The prevalence of breast cancer increased from 5.1% in women ≤ 160 cm to 6.8% in women > 175 cm in the age group 51–60, and from 9.2% in women ≤ 160 cm to 12.2% in women 171–175 cm in the age group > 60 years. The OR for breast cancer was 1.18 (95% CI 1.12–1.24) for every 10 cm increase in height. Compared to height ≤ 160 cm, the OR for height 166–170 cm was 1.26 (1.15–1.39), for 171–175 cm 1.43 (1.27–1.61), and for > 175 cm 1.49 (1.28–1.74). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that greater body height in women is significantly related to an increased breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Gremke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Griewing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kalder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Boopathi E, Birbe R, Shoyele SA, Den RB, Thangavel C. Bone Health Management in the Continuum of Prostate Cancer Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4305. [PMID: 36077840 PMCID: PMC9455007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. PCa cells require androgen receptor (AR) signaling for their growth and survival. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the preferred treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic PCa disease. Despite their initial response to androgen blockade, most patients eventually will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Bone metastases are common in men with mCRPC, occurring in 30% of patients within 2 years of castration resistance and in >90% of patients over the course of the disease. Patients with mCRPC-induced bone metastasis develop lesions throughout their skeleton; the 5-year survival rate for these patients is 47%. Bone-metastasis-induced early changes in the bone that proceed the osteoblastic response in the bone matrix are monitored and detected via modern magnetic resonance and PET/CT imaging technologies. Various treatment options, such as targeting osteolytic metastasis with bisphosphonates, prednisone, dexamethasone, denosumab, immunotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals, surgery, and pain medications are employed to treat prostate-cancer-induced bone metastasis and manage bone health. However, these diagnostics and treatment options are not very accurate nor efficient enough to treat bone metastases and manage bone health. In this review, we present the pathogenesis of PCa-induced bone metastasis, its deleterious impacts on vital organs, the impact of metastatic PCa on bone health, treatment interventions for bone metastasis and management of bone- and skeletal-related events, and possible current and future therapeutic options for bone management in the continuum of prostate cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettickan Boopathi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Sunday A. Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robert B. Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSUHSC Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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23
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Li X, Jansen L, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Risk of Colorectal Cancer Associated With Lifetime Excess Weight. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:730-737. [PMID: 35297997 PMCID: PMC8931669 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Importance Excess weight is associated with increased cancer risk, but the risk may have been underestimated, as previous studies did not consider cumulative lifetime exposure. Objective To assess the association of cumulative lifetime excess weight with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Design, Setting, and Participants In a population-based case-control study conducted since 2003 in Germany, height and self-reported weight documented in 10-year increments starting at age 20 years up to the current age were obtained from 5635 individuals with CRC and 4515 persons serving as controls. Body mass index (BMI), calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, was calculated for each year of age from age 20 years to the current age by linear interpolation. Excess BMI (eBMI) at each year of age was determined as BMI - 25 and summed across ages to obtain the weighted number of years lived with overweight or obesity (WYOs), determined as year × eBMI. The eBMI was set to 0 in case of a BMI below 25. Associations with CRC risk were estimated for BMI at various ages and for WYOs by multiple logistic regression. Data analyses were performed from June 4, 2021, to December 17, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Relative risk of CRC according to lifetime exposure to excess weight compared with relative risks according to BMI at various ages. Results The mean (SD) age of the patients with CRC (n = 5635) was 68.4 (10.9) years; 3366 were men (59.7%); mean (SD) age of the control participants (n = 4515) was 68.5 (10.6) years; 2759 were men (61.1%). An association was observed between WYOs and CRC risk, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) increasing from 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09-1.44) to 2.54 (95% CI, 2.24-2.89) from the first to the fourth quartile of WYOs compared with participants who remained within the normal weight range. Each SD increment in WYOs was associated with an increase of CRC risk by 55% (adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.46-1.64). This OR was higher than the OR per SD increase of eBMI at any single point of time, which ranged from 1.04 (95% CI, 0.93-1.16) to 1.27 (95% CI 1.16-1.39). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this case-control study suggest a greater role of cumulative lifetime excess weight for CRC risk than estimated by traditional analyses based on BMI measures taken at a single point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Li
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, DKFZ National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Li Y, Zhang W, Fung AA, Shi L. DO-SRS imaging of diet regulated metabolic activities in Drosophila during aging processes. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13586. [PMID: 35257470 PMCID: PMC9009230 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays crucial roles during aging processes, but how it is regulated by diets and how it interplays with aging still remain unclear. We proposed a new optical imaging platform by integrating heavy water (D2 O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy, for the first time, to directly visualize and quantify lipid metabolism regulated by different diets and insulin signaling pathway in Drosophila fat body during aging. We found that calorie restriction, low protein diet, and (moderately) high protein and high sucrose diets enhanced lipid turnover in flies at all ages, while (moderately) high fructose and glucose diets only promoted lipid turnover in aged flies. The measured lipid turnover enhancements under diverse diets were due to different mechanisms. High protein diet shortened the lifespan while all other diets extended the lifespan. Downregulating the insulin signaling pathway enhanced lipid turnover, which is likely related to lifespan increase, while upregulating insulin signaling pathway decreased lipid turnover that would shorten the lifespan. Our study offers the first approach to directly visualize spatiotemporal alterations of lipid turnover in aging Drosophila in situ, for a better understanding of the interconnections between lipid metabolism, diets, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony A. Fung
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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25
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Li S, Chen H, Zhang T, Li R, Yin X, Man J, He Q, Yang X, Lu M. Spatiotemporal trends in burden of uterine cancer and its attribution to body mass index in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2467-2481. [PMID: 35156336 PMCID: PMC9189473 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine cancer is one of the most common female cancers worldwide, with huge heterogeneity in morbidity and mortality. Although a high body-mass index (BMI) has been linked to uterine cancer, systematic reports about the influence of high BMI and its temporal trends are scarce. METHODS The annual morbidity, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of uterine cancer in 204 countries or territories were retrieved from the GBD 2019 study. To reflect trends in disease burden, we also calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) based on the age-standardized rates of uterine cancer from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS The global incident cases of uterine cancer increased 2.3 times from 187,190 in 1990 to 435,040 in 2019. Although the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of uterine cancer increased worldwide from 8.67/100,000 in 1990 to 9.99/100,000 in 2019, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and DALY rate decreased during the same period. High socio-demographic index (SDI) countries tended to have a higher ASIR than developing regions, and their increasing trend in ASIR was also more pronounced. The disease was rare before 40 years old, but its risk rose sharply among women aged 50-70. A high BMI was linked to more than one-third of deaths from uterine cancer in 2019. CONCLUSIONS The incidence in developed areas was significantly higher than in developing areas and also increased much more rapidly. Elderly females, especially those with a high BMI, have a higher risk of uterine cancer. Therefore, more health resources may be needed to curb the rising burden in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Li
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinyu Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiufeng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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26
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Zeid M, Sayedin H, Nabi N, Abdelrahman M, Jacob PT, Alhadi B, Giri S. Active Surveillance for Renal Angiomyolipoma Less Than 4 Centimeters: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Cureus 2022; 14:e22678. [PMID: 35371642 PMCID: PMC8966366 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence regarding the best management in terms of active surveillance of angiomyolipoma (AML) cases less than 4 cm, particularly the optimal timing of active surveillance. In addition, we aimed to describe their initial size, clinical presentation, and growth rates. The present systematic review included prospective and retrospective studies that evaluated and followed up patients with AML through active surveillance. Studies were retrieved through an online bibliographic search of the Medline database via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from their inception to January 2022. Seven studies were included in the present systematic review. Concerning the active surveillance protocol, only four studies describe the frequency of active surveillance and the utilized imaging modality. Some studies followed up lesions by ultrasound annually for two to five years, while other studies followed-up patients twice for the first year, then annually for a median follow-up period of 49 (9-89) months. The used modalities were ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Notably, the incidence of spontaneous bleeding was consistent across the included studies (ranging from 2.3 - 3.1%), except for one study which showed an incidence rate of 15.3%. In terms of the need for active treatment, the rate of active treatment was slightly higher in some studies than the others. However, this variation could not be considered clinically relevant to favor one surveillance strategy over the other. We concluded that active surveillance is the first line of management in all small asymptomatic ALMs. ALMs less than 2 cm do not require active surveillance. The current published literature suggested that active surveillance for two years may provide the same benefits as a five-year surveillance strategy, with fewer radiation hazards and less socioeconomic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zeid
- Urology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, IRL
| | - Hani Sayedin
- Urology, Warrington and Halton Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Warrington, GBR
| | - Nauman Nabi
- Urology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, IRL
| | | | | | - Bassem Alhadi
- Emergency Department, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, IRL
| | - Subhasis Giri
- Urology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, IRL
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Safiri S, Karamzad N, Kaufman JS, Nejadghaderi SA, Bragazzi NL, Sullman MJM, Almasi-Hashiani A, Mansournia MA, Collins GS, Kolahi AA, Jemal A. Global, regional, and national burden of cancers attributable to excess body weight in 204 countries and territories, 1990 to 2019. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:535-545. [PMID: 35041300 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report the level and trends of 13 cancers that are attributable to excess body weight (EBW) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. METHODS Using publicly available data, the burden of cancers attributable to EBW was reported from 1990 to 2019 based on the comparative risk assessment approach used in the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. [Correction added on 27 January 2022, after first online publication: 'Using publicly available data,' has been added before the first sentence and 'estimated' was corrected to 'reported'.] RESULTS: In 2019, EBW caused 11.2 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), or 4.4% of all cancer-related DALYs. Between 1990 and 2019, the global EBW-attributable age-standardized cancer DALY rates (per 100,000) increased from 109.9 to 133.9, a relative increase of 21.9%. The age-standardized DALY rates (per 100,000) of cancers attributable to EBW in 2019 were highest and lowest in Mongolia (611.8) and Bangladesh (30.2), respectively. The 60- to 64-year age group had the highest number of DALYs attributable to EBW, whereas there were no large sex differences in the cancer-related burden attributable to EBW. Furthermore, the association between the age-standardized DALY rates and the sociodemographic index was generally positive. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the EBW-attributable burden of cancers has increased in the past three decades. Public health efforts should focus on identifying appropriate preventive interventions at the population and individual levels, especially in the regions and countries with the highest burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safiri
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Endometrial Cut Off Thickness as Predictor of Endometrial Pathology in Perimenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Cross-Sectional Study. Obstet Gynecol Int 2022; 2022:5073944. [PMID: 35027929 PMCID: PMC8752292 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5073944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to determine the predictive value of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in diagnosing endometrial pathology and to evaluate whether Doppler complements its diagnostic efficacy in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 70 perimenopausal women with AUB who underwent TVS measurement of endometrial thickness (ET) and Doppler flow indices followed by endometrial sampling and histopathological examination (HPE). Results In HPE, 51 (73%) women had normal diagnosis while 19 (27%) women had neoplastic histology either benign or malignant. They were categorised into group I and group II, respectively. There was a significant difference in age (P=0.001) and incidence of obesity (P=0.01) between the two groups. The ETs measured in group I and group II were 7.89 ± 2.62 mm and 14.07 ± 3.96 mm, respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.001). A TVS-ET of 10.5 mm had the highest sensitivity and specificity of 89.5% and 86.3%, respectively, PPV of 70.68%, NPV of 95.68%, LR+ of 6.52, and LR- of 0.12. Doppler flow velocimetric study of endometrial and uterine vessels did not demonstrate a significant difference. Conclusions Women in perimenopause with AUB should be offered to undergo endometrial sampling for histopathological examination if TVS ET ≥10.5 mm. The coexisting risk factors especially higher age (>45 years) and obesity (BMI>30) significantly escalate the chances of developing endometrial pathology.
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Yang H, Yue GGL, Leung PC, Wong CK, Lau CBS. A review on the molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic treatment including the potential of herbs and natural products, and target prediction of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106031. [PMID: 34896542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity has been proven to be closely related to colorectal carcinogenesis. This review summarized the potential underlying mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including energy metabolism, inflammation, activities of adipokines and hormones. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic targets of obesity-associated CRC were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only containing previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the current conventional therapeutic treatment options, plus the potential use of herbs and natural products in the management of obesity-associated CRC were also discussed. Taken together, the aim of this review article is to provide strong theoretical basis for future drug development, particularly herbs and natural products, in obesity-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Abdulaziz G, Welc NA, Gąsiorowska E, Nowak-Markwitz E. Assessment of gynecological and lifestyle-related risk factors of ovarian cancer. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2021; 20:184-192. [PMID: 35069070 PMCID: PMC8764962 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2021.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological cancer. Assessment of gynecological and lifestyle-related risk factors is essential to reduce the occurrence and the mortality rate of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surveys were collected among 71 patients with ovarian cancer and 76 women without gynecological cancer. Questionnaires included questions about medical history and lifestyle in the past. RESULTS The control group had breastfed longer (p = 0.034) and used hormonal contraception more often (p = 0.00037) than the study group. The patients in FIGO (French. Fédération internationale de gynécologie et d'obstétrique) stage III or IV had a higher number of lifetime ovulatory cycles (p = 0.001) than the control group. Women at FIGO stage IV slept significantly less than patients at other stages (p = 0.0026). Oncological patients reporting sedentary work more often were diagnosed at advanced stages (p = 0.00328). The risk of ovarian cancer was 0.046 times smaller for women who had given birth (p = 0.025), 0.94 times smaller for every one month longer breastfeeding (p = 0.0428), 0.677 times smaller for every one year older age at menarche (p = 0.0152), 0.106 times smaller for women who had used hormonal contraception (p = 0.0019), and 5.46 times higher for women who ever worked night shifts (p = 0.0128). CONCLUSIONS Our study proves the importance of both gynecological and lifestyle-related risk factors of ovarian cancer and their impact on its prevalence. Lifestyle-related risk factors cannot be ignored, as they might have a direct influence on the aggravation of the risk of this type of cancer. Promoting an adequate amount of physical activity and sleep, breastfeeding, and having children could improve the detection and treatment of ovarian cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazala Abdulaziz
- Student of the Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Anna Welc
- Student of the Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Gąsiorowska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowak-Markwitz
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Miguel L, Silva JCRE, Poli Neto OB, Tiezzi DG, Andrade JMD, Reis FJCD. A propensity score-matched case-control study of laparoscopy and laparotomy for endometrial cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:753-758. [PMID: 34550268 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A surgery is essential for the management of early endometrial carcinoma. Due to the comorbidities associated with the disease, the complications of surgery are common. Laparoscopic surgery may reduce surgical complications but also have oncological risks. We aimed to compare recurrence and overall survival (OS) associated with laparoscopy and laparotomy for early endometrial cancer. METHODS We included women treated for presumed early endometrial carcinoma at the Clinics Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School from January 1998 to December 2017. We designed a 1:2 propensity score-matched case-control and compared the patients' characteristics, short-term outcomes, recurrence, and OS. RESULTS A total of 252 women were included in this study, 168 underwent laparotomy, and 84 underwent laparoscopy. The two groups were well balanced according to most of the variables, and obesity was a characteristic of patients in both groups. Laparoscopy was associated with increased surgical time (194.7 min vesus 165.6 min; p<0.001) and reduced rate of surgical complications (6.5% versus 0; p=0.038). Laparoscopic surgery was not associated with the risk of tumor recurrence (HR: 0.41, 95%CI 0.14-1.19, p=0.100) or all-cause mortality (HR: 0.49, 95%CI 0.18-1.35, p=0.170). CONCLUSION Laparoscopy was safe in terms of oncological outcomes and was associated with a lower rate of surgical complications. Our data support the use of minimally invasive surgery as the preferential approach in the management of early endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licerio Miguel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Rosa E Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Omero Benedito Poli Neto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Daniel Guimarães Tiezzi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Jurandyr Moreira de Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
| | - Francisco Jose Candido Dos Reis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil
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García-Estévez L, Cortés J, Pérez S, Calvo I, Gallegos I, Moreno-Bueno G. Obesity and Breast Cancer: A Paradoxical and Controversial Relationship Influenced by Menopausal Status. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705911. [PMID: 34485137 PMCID: PMC8414651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women worldwide, and an increasing public health concern. Knowledge of both protective and negative risk factors is essential for a better understanding of this heterogenous disease. We undertook a review of the recent literature and evaluated the relationship between obesity mediators and breast cancer development depending on menopausal status. Excess weight is now pandemic and has replaced tobacco as the main lifestyle-related risk factor for premature death. Although the prevalence of obesity/overweight has increased globally over the last 50 years, the potential harm attributable to excess fat has generally been underestimated. The relationship between overweight/obesity, breast cancer and overall risk appears to be highly dependent on menopausal status. Thus, obesity increases the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women but, conversely, it appears to be protective in premenopausal women. We evaluate the role of different clinical factors potentially involved in this seemingly contradictory relationship, including estrogen, mammogram density, adipokines, insulin-signaling pathway activation, and inflammatory status. A key focus of this review is to better understand the impact of body mass index and menopausal status on these clinical factors and, hence, provide some clarity into the inter-relationships involved in this controversial issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García-Estévez
- Breast Cancer Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez
- Breast Cancer Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Calvo
- Breast Cancer Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallegos
- Breast Cancer Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,MD Anderson International Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Sattayapiwat O, Wan P, Hernandez BY, Le Marchand L, Wilkens L, Haiman CA. Association of Anthropometric Measures With the Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1770-1783. [PMID: 33751036 PMCID: PMC8675395 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies of anthropometric measures and prostate cancer risk, conducted primarily in White men, positive associations with advanced disease have been reported. We assessed body size in relation to incident prostate cancer risk in 79,950 men from the Multiethnic Cohort, with 8,819 cases identified over 22 years (1993-2015). Height was associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (≥68 inches (≥ 173 cm) vs. < 66 inches (168 cm); hazard ratio (HR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.48) and high-grade disease (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.31). Compared with men of normal weight, men overweight at baseline were at higher risk of high-grade cancer (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.26). Greater weight was positively associated with localized and low-grade disease in Blacks and Native Hawaiians (by race, P for heterogeneity = 0.0002 and 0.008, respectively). Weight change since age 21 years was positively associated with high-grade disease (for ≥ 40 pounds (18 kg) vs. 10 pounds (4.5 kg), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.37; P for trend = 0.005). Comparing highest versus lowest quartile, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with a 1.78-fold increase (95% CI: 1.28, 2.46) in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Positive associations with the majority of anthropometric measures were observed in all 5 racial/ethnic groups, suggesting a general impact of anthropometric measures on risk across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher A Haiman
- Correspondence to Dr. Christopher A. Haiman, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Harlyne Norris Research Tower, 1450 Biggy Street, Room 1504A, Mail Code LG591 MC9601, Los Angeles, CA 90033 (e-mail: )
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Dominique M, Lucas N, Legrand R, Bouleté IM, Bôle-Feysot C, Deroissart C, Léon F, Nobis S, do Rego JC, Lambert G, Déchelotte P. Effects of Bacterial CLPB Protein Fragments on Food Intake and PYY Secretion. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072223. [PMID: 34209507 PMCID: PMC8308458 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CLPB (Caseinolytic peptidase B) protein is a conformational mimetic of α-MSH, an anorectic hormone. Previous in vivo studies have already shown the potential effect of CLPB protein on food intake and on the production of peptide YY (PYY) by injection of E. coli wild type (WT) or E. coli ΔClpB. However, until now, no study has shown its direct effect on food intake. Furthermore, this protein can fragment naturally. Therefore, the aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the in vitro effects of CLPB fragments on PYY production; and (ii) to test the in vivo effects of a CLPB fragment sharing molecular mimicry with α-MSH (CLPB25) compared to natural fragments of the CLPB protein (CLPB96). To do that, a primary culture of intestinal mucosal cells from male Sprague-Dawley rats was incubated with proteins extracted from E. coli WT and ΔCLPB after fragmentation with trypsin or after a heat treatment of the CLPB protein. PYY secretion was measured by ELISA. CLPB fragments were analyzed by Western Blot using anti-α-MSH antibodies. In vivo effects of the CLPB protein on food intake were evaluated by intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice using the BioDAQ® system. The natural CLPB96 fragmentation increased PYY production in vitro and significantly decreased cumulative food intake from 2 h in C57Bl/6 and ob/ob mice on the contrary to CLPB25. Therefore, the anorexigenic effect of CLPB is likely the consequence of enhanced PYY secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dominique
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
| | - Nicolas Lucas
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Romain Legrand
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Illona-Marie Bouleté
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
| | - Camille Deroissart
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Fatima Léon
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Séverine Nobis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude do Rego
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Animal Behavior Platform, Service Commun d’Analyse Comportementale (SCAC), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Grégory Lambert
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- TargEDys SA, 76183 Rouen, France; (M.D.); (N.L.); (R.L.); (I.-M.B.); (C.D.); (G.L.)
- Inserm UMR1073, Nutrition, Gut and Brain Laboratory, University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76183 Rouen, France; (F.L.); (S.N.); (J.-C.d.R.)
- Rouen University Hospital, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76183 Rouen, France
- Correspondence:
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Chen J, Debebe A, Zeng N, Kopp J, He L, Sander M, Stiles BL. Transformation of SOX9 + cells by Pten deletion synergizes with steatotic liver injury to drive development of hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11823. [PMID: 34083580 PMCID: PMC8175600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9 (Sex-determining region Y Box 9) is a well-characterized transcription factor that is a marker for progenitor cells in various tissues. In the liver, cells delineated by SOX9 are responsible for regenerating liver parenchyma when cell proliferation is impaired following chronic injury. However, whether these SOX9+ cells play a role in liver carcinogenesis has not been fully understood, although high SOX9 expression has been linked to poor survival outcome in liver cancer patients. To address this question, we developed a liver cancer mouse model (PtenloxP/loxP; Sox9-CreERT+; R26RYFP) where tumor suppressor Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is deleted in SOX9+ cells following tamoxifen injection. In this paper, we employ lineage-tracing to demonstrate the tumorigenicity potential of the Pten-, SOX9+ cells. We show that these cells are capable of giving rise to mixed-lineage tumors that manifest features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Our results suggest that PTEN loss induces the transformation of SOX9+ cells. We further show that to activate these transformed SOX9+ cells, the presence of liver injury is crucial. Liver injury, induced by hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) or high-fat diet (HFD), substantially increases tumor incidence and accelerates liver carcinogenesis from SOX9+ cells in Pten null mice but not in control mice. We further examine the mechanisms underlying tumor formation in this model to show that concurrent with the induction of niche signal (i.e., Wnt signaling), liver injury significantly stimulates the expansion of tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Together, these data show that (1) SOX9+ cells have the potential to become TICs following the primary transformation (i.e. Pten deletion) and that (2) liver injury is necessary for promoting the activation and proliferation of transformed SOX9+ cells, resulting in the genesis of mixed-lineage liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ni Zeng
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Janel Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lina He
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellar and Molecular Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bangyan L Stiles
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Ramos-Nino ME, MacLean CD, Littenberg B. Association between prevalence of obstructive lung disease and obesity: results from The Vermont Diabetes Information System. Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 34049586 PMCID: PMC8164325 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of obesity with the development of obstructive lung disease, namely asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, has been found to be significant in general population studies, and weight loss in the obese has proven beneficial in disease control. Obese patients seem to present with a specific obstructive lung disease phenotype including a reduced response to corticosteroids. Obesity is increasingly recognized as an important factor to document in obstructive lung disease patients and a critical comorbidity to report in diabetic patients, as it may influence disease management. This report presents data that contributes to establishing the relationship between obstructive lung disease in a diabetic cohort, a population highly susceptible to obesity. METHODS A total of 1003 subjects in community practice settings were interviewed at home at the time of enrolment into the Vermont Diabetes Information System, a clinical decision support program. Patients self-reported their personal and clinical characteristics, including any history of obstructive lung disease. Laboratory data were obtained directly from the clinical laboratory, and current medications were obtained by direct observation of medication containers. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the interviewed subjects to assess a possible association between obstructive lung disease history and obesity. RESULTS In a multivariate logistic regression model, a history of obstructive lung disease was significantly associated with obesity (body mass index ≥30) even after correcting for potential confounders including gender, low income (<$30,000/year), number of comorbidities, number of prescription medications, cigarette smoking, and alcohol problems (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, P = 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05, 2.37). This association was particularly strong and significant among female patients (OR = 2.18, P = < 0.01, CI = 1.27, 3.72) but not in male patients (OR = 0.97, P = 0.93, CI = 0.51, 1.83). CONCLUSION These data suggest an association between obesity and obstructive lung disease prevalence in patients with diabetes, with women exhibiting a stronger association. Future studies are needed to identify the mechanism by which women disproportionately develop obstructive lung disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Ramos-Nino
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pharmacology, St. George’s University, West Indies, Grenada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont 05401, Burlington, VT USA
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Kim WT, Kang HW, Seo SP, Kim YJ, Lee SC, Kim WJ, Cho BS, Ha YS, Kwon TG, Park J, Park SC, Jeong YB, Kang TW, Park SW, Yun SJ. Effect of pre-operative internal obturator muscle mass index in MRI on biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy: a multi-center study. BMC Urol 2021; 21:85. [PMID: 34039340 PMCID: PMC8157456 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent reports show that the pre-operative or post-operative skeletal mass index (sarcopenia) affects survival rates for various cancers; however, the link between prostate cancer survival and sarcopenia is unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effect of the pre-operative internal obturator muscle (IOM) mass index on biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Methods In total, 222 patients, who underwent open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at seven centers in 2011 and were followed up for 5 years, were enrolled. BCR was examined in the context of pre-operative IOM mass index and BMI. Results The mean age of the patients was 67.82 ± 6.23 years, and the mean pre-operative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 11.61 ± 13.22 ng/ml. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the low and high IOM mass index groups (p > 0.05). Age, pre-op PSA level, ECE, and T-stage were associated with BCR (p = 0.049, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). BMI, prostate volume, Gleason score, resection margin, N-stage, M-stage and IOM mass index was not associated with BCR (p > 0.05). Conclusions Pre-operative IOM mass index was not associated with BCR; however, long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate cancer-specific and overall survival of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sung Pil Seo
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Cho
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yun Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung Chol Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Won Kang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young Beom Jeong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Jeonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 62, Kaeshin-dong, Heungduk-ku, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-711, South Korea. .,Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea.
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van Weelden WJ, Bretveld R, Romano A, van Erp S, Engels S, Lalisang R, Pijnenborg J, van der Aa M. Trends over time in the incidence and use of hormonal therapy in endometrial cancer: a population-based study in the Netherlands. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:1014-1020. [PMID: 34001633 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to current guidelines, hormonal therapy may be applied in endometrioid type endometrial cancer as an alternative to surgery for fertility preservation and in medically unfit patients. Since it is unknown how often hormonal therapy is applied, the objective of this study was to investigate trends over time in hormonal therapy use in the background of the overall incidence of endometrial cancer. METHODS All patients with endometrial cancer (n=48 222) registered in the Netherlands Cancer Registry in the period 1989-2018 were included. European age-standardized incidence rates with corresponding estimated annual percentage change were calculated to describe trends in the incidence of endometrial cancer. The use of hormonal therapy was analyzed in the three periods 1989-1998, 1999-2008, and 2009-2018 for the following sub-groups: primary and adjuvant therapy, International Federation of Gynecology and Oncology (FIGO) stage I-II and III-IV, and by age group. RESULTS The European age-standardized incidence rate of endometrioid endometrial cancer peaked in 2004 with a significant increase from 1989 to 2004 (annual percentage change 0.55; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.99, p=0.020) and a subsequent decrease from 2005 to 2018 (annual percentage change -1.79; 95% CI -2.28 to -1.31, p<0.001). The incidence rate of non-endometrioid type endometrial cancer increased significantly in the study period. Hormonal therapy was used in 1482 (3.5%) patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer. Among patients with FIGO stage I aged ≤40 years, hormonal therapy increased from 0% in 1989-1998 to 27% in 2009-2018. Primary hormonal treatment increased from 175 patients (5.5%) to 329 patients (7.8%) in those aged ≥75 years. Adjuvant hormonal treatment was mostly used in advanced stage endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS The use of primary hormonal therapy in endometrioid type endometrial cancer increased over time in patients aged ≤40 years and among elderly patients. The observed trends in the current use of hormonal therapy support the need to study the effect of hormonal treatment in elderly patients and as adjuvant treatment in advanced stage endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Jan van Weelden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Reini Bretveld
- Netherland Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.,GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephan van Erp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Engels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Lalisang
- GROW-School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Pijnenborg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike van der Aa
- Netherland Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Daly AA, Rolph R, Cutress RI, Copson ER. A Review of Modifiable Risk Factors in Young Women for the Prevention of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 13:241-257. [PMID: 33883932 PMCID: PMC8053601 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s268401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis in women aged less than 40 years and the second most common cause of cancer death in this age group. Global rates of young onset breast cancer have risen steadily over the last twenty years. Although young women with breast cancer have a higher frequency of underlying pathogenic mutations in high penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes (CSG) than older women, the vast majority of young breast cancer patients are not found to have a germline CSG mutation. There is therefore a need to inform young women regarding non-genetic breast cancer risk factors which have the potential to be influenced by changes in individual behaviour. A Pubmed search was performed using the search terms “young” or “early onset”, and “breast cancer” and “modifiable risk”. Titles and abstracts from peer-reviewed publications were screened for relevance. This review presents evidence for potentially modifiable risk factors of breast cancer risk in young women, including lifestyle factors (physical activity, body habitus, alcohol use, smoking, shift work and socioeconomic factors), reproductive and hormonal factors and iatrogenic risks. The extent to which these factors are truly modifiable is discussed and interactions between genetic and non-genetic risk factors are also addressed. Health care professionals have an opportunity to inform young women about breast health and risk when presenting at a “teachable moment”, including the benefits of physical activity and alcohol habits as risk factor. More focussed discussions regarding individual personal risk and benefit should accompany conversations regarding reproductive health and take into consideration both non-modifiable and iatrogenic BC risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A Daly
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rachel Rolph
- Department of Breast Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ellen R Copson
- Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Shamsian SAA, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Miri R, Ashrafi F, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. HTLV-1 oncovirus-host interactions: From entry to the manifestation of associated diseases. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2235. [PMID: 33742509 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a well-known human oncovirus, associated with two life-threatening diseases, adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The study of this oncogenic virus is significant from two different aspects. First, HTLV-1 can be considered as a neglected public health problem, which may spread slowly worldwide. Second, the incidence of HTLV-1 associated diseases due to oncogenic effects and deterioration of the immune system towards autoimmune diseases are not fully understood. Furthermore, knowledge about viral routes of transmission is important for considering potential interventions, treatments or vaccines in endemic regions. In this review, novel characteristics of HTLV-1, such as the unusual infectivity of virions through the virological synapse, are discussed in the context of the HTLV-1 associated diseases (ATL and HAM/TSP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Akbar Shamsian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Miri
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ashrafi
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Nizalova O, Gousia K, Forder J. Effect of body mass on future long-term care use. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:293. [PMID: 32807108 PMCID: PMC7433070 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a known predictor of disability and functional limitations, and, in turn, of health care use. In this study, we aim to explore whether obesity is also a significant risk factor for future long-term care use, overall and by type of care. METHODS We use multinomial logistic regression analysis on data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) for individuals aged 65 and older between 2002 and 2011. Selection issues are tackled using the rich set of control variables, exploiting the data's longitudinal structure and accounting for loss to follow-up (including death). Control factors include health-related behaviours (physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption), functional limitations (related to ADLs, iADLs and mobility) and specific existing health conditions, notably diabetes, high blood pressure and cardio-vascular diseases. RESULTS We find that obese older people are 25% (p < 0.01) more likely to receive informal or privately-paid care in the future, but this does not hold for formal care. This is an additional direct effect after controlling for a wide range of health conditions and functional limitations. We document some evidence that this effect is due to the development of new functional limitations. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the results are robust to controlling for prediabetes, subjective health, depression, or unobserved heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence of a positive direct effect of obesity on the future use of long-term care services. Accordingly, it adds evidence of further economic benefits to any overall evaluation of policies to promote a healthy weight in the population, particularly in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Nizalova
- PSSRU, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- CHSS, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Economics, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
| | - Katerina Gousia
- PSSRU, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- CHSS, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Victorelli FD, Cardoso VMDO, Ferreira NN, Calixto GMF, Fontana CR, Baltazar F, Gremião MPD, Chorilli M. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane as a suitable in vivo model to evaluate drug delivery systems for cancer treatment: A review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:273-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schlottmann F, Dreifuss NH, Patti MG. Obesity and esophageal cancer: GERD, Barrett´s esophagus, and molecular carcinogenic pathways. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:425-433. [PMID: 32441160 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1764348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increases in the rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have paralleled rises in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Despite not being fully understood, obesity-related EAC seems to have different carcinogenic pathways. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review will thoroughly evaluate the current literature, describing the underlying mechanisms that help understanding the strong association between obesity and esophageal cancer. EXPERT COMMENTARY The risk of esophageal cancer among obese individuals could be partially explained by several factors: high prevalence of GERD; linear association between central adiposity and Barrett´s esophagus development; low levels of adiponectin and high levels of leptin that alter cell proliferation processes; insulin-resistant state that creates a tumorigenesis environment; and changes in the esophageal microbiota due to unhealthy dietary habits that promote carcinogenesis. In addition, a large proportion of obese patients are undergoing sleeve gastrectomy which can worsen GERD or cause de novo reflux, esophagitis, and Barrett´s metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás H Dreifuss
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco G Patti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Association between metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9825-9839. [PMID: 32439832 PMCID: PMC7288955 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence has revealed inconsistent results on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and endometrial cancer (EC) risk. Herein, we aim to better understand this association. Systematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science through 12 December 2019 were conducted. Observational studies that provided risk estimates of MetS and EC risk were eligible. The quality of the included studies was judged based on the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Six studies, comprising 17,772 EC cases and 150,371 participants were included. MetS, diagnosed according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program—Third Adult Treatment Panel, was associated with an increased risk of EC (OR: 1.62; 95% CI = 1.26–2.07) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 78.3%). Furthermore, we found that women with MetS, diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation, had a significantly higher risk of EC compared to healthy controls (OR: 1.45; 95% CI = 1.16–1.81; I2 = 64.6%). Our findings were generally consistent with the main results in the majority of prespecified subgroups, as well as in sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, MetS is associated with EC risk.
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Xia Z, Su Y, Petersen P, Qi L, Kim AE, Figueiredo JC, Lin Y, Nan H, Sakoda LC, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bien S, Buchanan DD, Casey G, Chan AT, Conti DV, Drew DA, Gallinger SJ, Gauderman WJ, Giles GG, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Hoffmeister M, Jenkins MA, Joshi AD, Le Marchand L, Lewinger JP, Li L, Lindor NM, Moreno V, Murphy N, Nassir R, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Rennert G, Song M, Wang X, Wolk A, Woods MO, Brenner H, White E, Slattery ML, Giovannucci EL, Chang‐Claude J, Pharoah PDP, Hsu L, Campbell PT, Peters U. Functional informed genome-wide interaction analysis of body mass index, diabetes and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3563-3573. [PMID: 32207560 PMCID: PMC7221445 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and diabetes are established risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), likely through perturbations in metabolic traits (e.g. insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis). Identification of interactions between variation in genes and these metabolic risk factors may identify novel biologic insights into CRC etiology. METHODS To improve statistical power and interpretation for gene-environment interaction (G × E) testing, we tested genetic variants that regulate expression of a gene together for interaction with BMI (kg/m2 ) and diabetes on CRC risk among 26 017 cases and 20 692 controls. Each variant was weighted based on PrediXcan analysis of gene expression data from colon tissue generated in the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project for all genes with heritability ≥1%. We used a mixed-effects model to jointly measure the G × E interaction in a gene by partitioning the interactions into the predicted gene expression levels (fixed effects), and residual G × E effects (random effects). G × BMI analyses were stratified by sex as BMI-CRC associations differ by sex. We used false discovery rates to account for multiple comparisons and reported all results with FDR <0.2. RESULTS Among 4839 genes tested, genetically predicted expressions of FOXA1 (P = 3.15 × 10-5 ), PSMC5 (P = 4.51 × 10-4 ) and CD33 (P = 2.71 × 10-4 ) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for men; KIAA0753 (P = 2.29 × 10-5 ) and SCN1B (P = 2.76 × 10-4 ) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for women; and PTPN2 modified the association between diabetes and CRC risk in both sexes (P = 2.31 × 10-5 ). CONCLUSIONS Aggregating G × E interactions and incorporating functional information, we discovered novel genes that may interact with BMI and diabetes on CRC risk.
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Zou SY, Wang WS, Zhan Q, Deng XX, Shen BY. Higher body mass index deteriorates postoperative outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:163-168. [PMID: 31862346 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies presented controversies in impact of body mass index (BMI) on perioperative complications in pancreatectomy, and mainly focused on Western population. This study aimed to explore the impact of BMI on perioperative outcomes in Chinese patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS Seven hundred and seven adult patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 2005 and December 2016 at Ruijin Hospital were studied retrospectively and categorized as obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI ≥23 kg/m2 and <25 kg/m2), or normal weight (BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 and <23 kg/m2). Associations of these BMI groups with perioperative outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The overweight and obese groups experienced higher risk of clinically related postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) (7.6% vs. 9.9% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.002) and re-operation (1.1% vs. 2.5% vs. 5.1%, P = 0.017), and longer systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) duration [2 (1-9) d vs. 2 (1-7) d vs. 3 (1-10) d, P = 0.003] and postoperative hospital stay [19 (2-84) d vs. 19 (7-158) d vs. 23 (8-121) d, P = 0.023] than the normal weight group did. The multiple logistic regression models showed obese as an independent risk factor for CR-POPF (P = 0.013). The multiple linear regression analysis confirmed BMI as a predictor for prolonged postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI results in higher morbidity of Chinese patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is still a safe surgery procedure for overweight and obese patients, with intensive perioperative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Zou
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei-Shen Wang
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qian Zhan
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xia-Xing Deng
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bai-Yong Shen
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Almazeedi S, El-Abd R, Al-Khamis A, Albatineh AN, Al-Sabah S. Role of bariatric surgery in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2020; 107:348-354. [PMID: 31976551 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the risk of multiple co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and most cancers, including colorectal cancer. Currently, the literature presents conflicting results regarding the protective effects of bariatric surgery on the incidence of colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of bariatric surgery on the risk of developing colorectal cancer in obese individuals. METHODS Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles. Articles published by the end of December 2018 were retrieved; data were extracted according to evidence-based PICO (population, intervention, control, outcome) model and analysed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) and its 95 per cent confidence interval. The heterogeneity of studies was tested and quantified using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Meta-regression was used to investigate the association of year of study, region, mean length of follow-up and sample size with RR. RESULTS Seven articles, involving a total of 1 213 727 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the RR was 0·64 (95 per cent c.i. 0·42 to 0·98). The test of asymmetry found no significant publication bias. Meta-regression showed that sample size was a statistically significant factor (P = 0·037), but year of publication, region and mean duration of follow-up were not significant. CONCLUSION Patients who underwent bariatric surgery had a greater than 35 per cent reduction in the risk of developing colorectal cancer compared with obese individuals who had no surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Almazeedi
- Department of Surgery, Jaber Al-Ahmed Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - R El-Abd
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - A Al-Khamis
- Department of Surgery, Jaber Al-Ahmed Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - A N Albatineh
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - S Al-Sabah
- Department of Surgery, Jaber Al-Ahmed Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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48
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Abstract
Background: Uruguay is the south American country which has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. The National Cancer Registry collects data on cancer cases nationwide since 1989 and has reached high quality standards in the last decades. This is the first report on incidence trends. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registry of all new cases of invasive cancer from twelve sites diagnosed in 2002-2015 was analyzed. Age-standardized rates were calculated. Trends of incidence rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. Results: For both, men and women, incidence rates trends for all cancer sites, colo-rectal and bladder cancer remained stable. Esophageal and gastric cancers descended while thyroid and kidney cancer incidence increased. In men lung cancer decreased; testicular cancer increased, and prostate cancer increased at the beginning of the period and decreased in the final years. In women, lung cancer increased, breast cancer remained stable and cervical cancer presented a significant decline from 2005 to 2010 and reached a plateau since then. Conclusion: Cancer incidence dynamics are complex and affected not only by Public Health policies such as tobacco control, vaccination and screening programs, but also by environmental and life style changes and the attitude of the medical community towards the application of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The aim of this paper is to analyze cancer incidence time trends in the country and provide possible explanations to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Garau
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos. Montevideo, Uruguay.,Registro Nacional de Cáncer, Comisión Honoraria de Lucha contra el Cáncer. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carina Musetti
- Registro Nacional de Cáncer, Comisión Honoraria de Lucha contra el Cáncer. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Alonso
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos. Montevideo, Uruguay.,Registro Nacional de Cáncer, Comisión Honoraria de Lucha contra el Cáncer. Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Barrios
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos. Montevideo, Uruguay.,Registro Nacional de Cáncer, Comisión Honoraria de Lucha contra el Cáncer. Montevideo, Uruguay
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49
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Izquierdo AG, Carreira MC, Amil M, Mosteiro CS, Garcia-Caballero T, Fernandez-Quintela A, Portillo MP, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. An energy restriction-based weight loss intervention is able to reverse the effects of obesity on the expression of liver tumor-promoting genes. FASEB J 2019; 34:2312-2325. [PMID: 31908001 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901147rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological evidence regarding the association of obesity with liver disease and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma highlights the need for investigations of whether obesity itself could induce the differential expression of genes commonly associated with the initial phase of liver tumorigenesis, and whether such phenomenon could be reversed after a weight loss intervention. In this study, obese Zucker rats were found to have dysregulated cell proliferation, antioxidative defenses, and tumor suppressor gene expression in association with liver dysfunction parameters, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, after a 4-week weight loss protocol of energy restriction and/or exercise, this effect on the liver carcinogenesis-related genes was reversed concomitantly with reductions in the fat mass, hepatic lipid content, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The findings indicate that the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with excess adiposity promote dysregulation of the genes involved in liver tumorigenesis. This is clinically relevant because these effects were detectable in the liver without evidence of a tumoral mass and were reversed after weight loss. Consequently, this study reveals the susceptibility of obese individuals to the initiation of a hepatocarcinogenic process, and how this can be prevented by achieving a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Izquierdo
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos C Carreira
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Amil
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomas Garcia-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernandez-Quintela
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute and Health Research Institute BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
| | - María P Portillo
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute and Health Research Institute BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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50
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Liu R, Kitamura Y, Kitamura T, Sobue T, Sado J, Sugawara Y, Matsuo K, Nakayama T, Tsuji I, Ito H, Suzuki T, Katanoda K, Tominaga S. Reproductive and lifestyle factors related to breast cancer among Japanese women: An observational cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18315. [PMID: 31860982 PMCID: PMC6940156 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer among Japanese women is substantially increasing. This study evaluated the effects of reproductive and lifestyle factors with respect to breast cancer overall and separately among pre- and postmenopausal women using data from the Three-Prefecture Cohort Study of Japan.A total of 33,410 women aged 40 to 79 years completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included items about menstrual and reproductive history and other lifestyle factors. The follow-up period was from 1984 to 1992 in Miyagi and 1985 to 2000 in Aichi Prefectures. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for confounding factors.After 9.8 mean years of follow-up, 287 cases of breast cancer were recorded. In the overall analysis, later menarche (≥16 years) and parity were significantly associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, with HRs of 0.69 (95% CI 0.48-0.99) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.52-0.99), respectively. Further, there was a significant decline in the risk of breast cancer with increasing number of birth among parous women (P for trend = .010). On the contrary, a family history of breast cancer in the mother was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.52-6.84). Analyses based on menopausal status at baseline indicated that height (≥160 cm) and weight (≥65 kg) were significantly associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, with HRs of 1.34 (95% CI 0.72-2.50) and 3.13 (95% CI 1.75-5.60), respectively. Risk associated with BMI significantly differs by menopausal status.Our findings suggest the important role of reproductive factors in the development of breast cancer in Japanese women; however, body mass index (BMI) may have different effects on breast cancer in Japanese women compared with western women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Yuri Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Junya Sado
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Public Health, Sendai
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomio Nakayama
- Center of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Public Health, Sendai
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Takaichiro Suzuki
- Center of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Surveillance, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo
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