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Heublein S, Egger M, Zhu J, Berger L, Mayr D, Schindlbeck C, Kuhn C, Hofmann SS, Schuetz F, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Evaluation of the anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antibodies Nemod-TF1 and Nemod-TF2 as prognostic markers in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:643-652. [PMID: 31828591 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich, CD176, Galβ1-3GalNAc) carbohydrate moiety is known as a specific oncofetal carbohydrate epitope present in fetal and neoplastic tissue as well as in stem cells. TF was demonstrated to mediate tumor-promoting features and to be highly immunogenic. The current study aimed to evaluate whether presence of the TF antigen is associated with clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis of early breast cancer (BC). METHODS Primary BC tissue (n = 226) was stained for TF using two monoclonal anti-TF antibodies (Nemod-TF1, Nemod-TF2). Staining results were correlated to clinical data including survival. RESULTS Nemod-TF1 staining was positively correlated to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.03) and the presence of tumor-associated MUC1 (TA-MUC1; p = 0.003). Further, the presence of the Nemod-TF1 epitope predicted worse prognosis in TA-MUC1 positive (overall survival: p = 0.026) as well as in triple negative (overall survival: p = 0.002; distant metastasis-free survival: p = 0.012) BC. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here further support a role of TF in BC tumor biology. Whether anti-TF directed treatment approaches may gain clinical relevance in those cases determined as triple negative or TA-MUC1 positive remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Egger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone S Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Hemadi AS, Huang R, Zhou Y, Zou J. Salivary proteins and microbiota as biomarkers for early childhood caries risk assessment. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:e1. [PMID: 29125139 PMCID: PMC5775330 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a term used to describe dental caries in children aged 6 years or younger. Oral streptococci, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sorbrinus, are considered to be the main etiological agents of tooth decay in children. Other bacteria, such as Prevotella spp. and Lactobacillus spp., and fungus, that is, Candida albicans, are related to the development and progression of ECC. Biomolecules in saliva, mainly proteins, affect the survival of oral microorganisms by multiple innate defensive mechanisms, thus modulating the oral microflora. Therefore, the protein composition of saliva can be a sensitive indicator for dental health. Resistance or susceptibility to caries may be significantly correlated with alterations in salivary protein components. Some oral microorganisms and saliva proteins may serve as useful biomarkers in predicting the risk and prognosis of caries. Current research has generated abundant information that contributes to a better understanding of the roles of microorganisms and salivary proteins in ECC occurrence and prevention. This review summarizes the microorganisms that cause caries and tooth-protective salivary proteins with their potential as functional biomarkers for ECC risk assessment. The identification of biomarkers for children at high risk of ECC is not only critical for early diagnosis but also important for preventing and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Hemadi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Heublein S, Page SK, Mayr D, Ditsch N, Jeschke U. p53 determines prognostic significance of the carbohydrate stem cell marker TF1 (CD176) in ovarian cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1163-70. [PMID: 26935926 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oncofoetal Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF1, CD176) epitope is a carbohydrate cancer stem cell (CSC) antigen, and TF1-mediated cancer progression can be widely reversed by anti-TF1 antibodies. Particularly, CSC-like cells are regarded to be tumorigenic and chemoresistant. Aberrant p53 is probably the factor most closely associated with chemoresistance and tumour aggressiveness in ovarian tumours. We thus questioned whether TF1 in combination with p53 or as a single marker may be related to clinico-pathological features and survival of ovarian cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Both markers were quantified in ovarian cancer tissue (n = 151) by immunohistochemistry. p53 staining was subdivided into three subgroups [n (completely negative) = 57, n (moderately stained) = 28, n (overexpressing) = 66]. TF1 was scored as positive (n = 30) versus negative (n = 121). RESULTS Only in those cancers classified with moderate p53 staining-and thus most likely displaying with wild-type TP53-TF1 positivity turned out to be a predictor for shortened overall survival (univariate: p < 0.001, multivariate: p = 0.001). By screening 17 different protein markers for correlation with TF1, only mucin-1 emerged as a potential TF1 carrier protein. CONCLUSION It is hypothesized that TF1 may confer tumour-promoting features, especially in a TP53 wild-type genetic background. In addition, TF1 is an attractive immunotherapeutic target. Whether those cases classified as TF1 positive and at the same time as moderately stained for p53 might particularly benefit from a future anti-TF1 antibody treatment or from TF1 vaccination therapy remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabina K Page
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Creese AJ, Cooper HJ. Separation and identification of isomeric glycopeptides by high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2597-601. [PMID: 22280549 PMCID: PMC3295202 DOI: 10.1021/ac203321y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The analysis of intact glycopeptides by mass spectrometry
is challenging
due to the numerous possibilities for isomerization, both within the
attached glycan and the location of the modification on the peptide
backbone. Here, we demonstrate that high field asymmetric wave ion
mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), also known as differential ion mobility,
is able to separate isomeric O-linked glycopeptides that have identical
sequences but differing sites of glycosylation. Two glycopeptides
from the glycoprotein mucin 5AC, GT(GalNAc)TPSPVPTTSTTSAP and GTTPSPVPTTST(GalNAc)TSAP
(where GalNAc is O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine), were shown to coelute
following reversed-phase liquid chromatography. However, FAIMS analysis
of the glycopeptides revealed that the compensation voltage ranges
in which the peptides were transmitted differed. Thus, it is possible
at certain compensation voltages to completely separate the glycopeptides.
Separation of the glycopeptides was confirmed by unique reporter ions
produced by supplemental activation electron transfer dissociation
mass spectrometry. These fragments also enable localization of the
site of glycosylation. The results suggest that glycan position plays
a key role in determining gas-phase glycopeptide structure and have
implications for the application of FAIMS in glycoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Creese
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Liu M, Hamilton DW, Barany G. Solid-phase synthesis and evaluation of glycopeptide fragments from rat epididymal cysteine-rich secretory protein-1 (Crisp-1). Molecules 2010; 15:6399-410. [PMID: 20877231 PMCID: PMC6257669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15096399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three 18-residue peptides with the sequence Glp-Asp-Thr-Thr-Asp-Glu-Trp-Asp-Arg-Asp-Leu-Glu-Asn-Leu-Ser-Thr-Thr-Lys, taken from the N-terminus of the rat epididymal cysteine-rich secretory protein (Crisp-1) that is important in the fertilization process, were prepared by Fmoc solid-phase synthesis using a convergent strategy. These peptides were the parent sequence, plus two possible α-O-linked TN antigen-containing glycopeptides with a Thr(α-D-GalNAc) residue in place of either Thr3 or Thr4. During chain assembly, two deletion peptides [des-Asp2 and des-Thr(Ac3-α-D-GalNAc)] and one terminated peptide [N-acetylated 14-mer] arose, as did several peptides in which aspartimide formation had occurred at each of the four possible positions in the sequence. These by-products totaled ~20% of the desired product; they were recognized by HPLC and ESI-MS and removed during the intermediate purifications. Final products, obtained in 15–21% overall yields, were characterized by HPLC purities and ESI-MS. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra for all three purified peptides, recorded in pure water and in trifluoroethanol−H2O (1:1), revealed that the presence of a sugar moiety does not significantly impact the sampled conformations. Future biological evaluation could elucidate the nature and locus of sugar modification of Crisp-1, and provide insight as to why Crisp-1 protein E binds sperm irreversibly, in contrast to protein D that lacks a sugar near the N-terminus and only binds sperm loosely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David W. Hamilton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - George Barany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-612-625-1028; Fax: +1-612-626-7541
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Sonesson M, Wickström C, Kinnby B, Ericson D, Matsson L. Mucins MUC5B and MUC7 in minor salivary gland secretion of children and adults. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:523-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Masand G, Hanif K, Sen S, Ahsan A, Maiti S, Pasha S. Synthesis, conformational and pharmacological studies of glycosylated chimeric peptides of Met-enkephalin and FMRFa. Brain Res Bull 2006; 68:329-34. [PMID: 16377439 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that a chimeric peptide of Met-enkephalin and FMRFamide, YFa (YGGFMKKKFMRFa) not only caused antinociception and potentiated morphine analgesia but also blocked the development of tolerance and physical dependence. In the continuation of that study three chimeric analogues of YFa, [Ser5]YFa, [O-Glu-Ser5]YFa and [O-Gal-Ser5]YFa, were synthesized. To increase the bioavailability and penetration of blood brain barrier (BBB), glycosylated analogues, [O-Glu-Ser5]YFa and [O-Gal-Ser5]YFa, have been synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis by building block method using anomeric acetate activation method. Circular dichroism studies showed that all the three chimeric peptides are stable and have a propensity for adopting helical conformation in the presence of membrane mimicking solvent. In comparison of parent chimeric peptide YFa, helicity of [Ser5]YFa, [O-Glu-Ser5]YFa and [O-Gal-Ser5]YFa has decreased. Pharmacological studies using tail-flick latency in mice showed that [O-Glu-Ser5]YFa have increased analgesia and bioavailability in comparison of [O-Gal-Ser5]YFa and non-glycosylated analogue [Ser5]YFa. Exhibition of enhanced analgesia by [O-Glu-Ser5]YFa as compared to [O-Gal-Ser5]YFa seems to be due to preference of GLUT-1 transporter system for glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Masand
- Peptide Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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Hojo H, Matsumoto Y, Nakahara Y, Ito E, Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Nakahara Y. Chemical Synthesis of 23 kDa Glycoprotein by Repetitive Segment Condensation: A Synthesis of MUC2 Basal Motif Carrying Multiple O-GalNAc Moieties. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:13720-5. [PMID: 16190738 DOI: 10.1021/ja053711b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide thioester corresponding to a MUC2 tandem repeat unit, which retains seven GalNAc moieties, was prepared by the Fmoc method followed by the low TfOH treatment to remove benzyl groups at the carbohydrate portions. The glycosylated peptide thioester was then consecutively joined by the activation of a thioester group by silver ions to obtain a MUC2 tandem repeat model composed of 141 amino acids with 42 GalNAc moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycotechnology, Tokai University, Kitakaname 1117, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
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Bell SL, Xu G, Khatri IA, Wang R, Rahman S, Forstner JF. N-linked oligosaccharides play a role in disulphide-dependent dimerization of intestinal mucin Muc2. Biochem J 2003; 373:893-900. [PMID: 12744721 PMCID: PMC1223556 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2003] [Revised: 04/16/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the C-terminal domain of many secretory mucins is a 'cystine knot' (CK), which is needed for dimer formation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Previous studies indicate that in addition to an unpaired cysteine, the three intramolecular cystine bonds of the knot are important for stability of the dimers formed by rat intestinal mucin Muc2. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the two N-glycans N9 and N10, located near the first and second cysteines of the knot, also play a role in dimer formation. The C-terminal domain of rat Muc2 (RMC), a truncated RMC mutant containing the CK, and mutants lacking N9 and N10 sites, were expressed in COS-1 cells and the products monitored by radioactive [(35)S]Met/Cys metabolic pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation. Mutation of N9, but not N10, caused increased synthesis of dimers over a 2-h chase period. The N9 mutant remained associated with calreticulin for a prolonged period. About 34-38% of the total labelled products of RMC and its mutants was secreted into the media by 2 h, but the proportion in dimer form was dramatically reduced for the N9 mutant, suggesting lower dimer stability relative to RMC or its N10 mutant. We conclude that under normal conditions the presence of the N9 glycan functions to maintain a folding rate for mucin monomers that is sufficiently slow to allow structural maturation and stability of Muc2 dimers. To our knowledge this report is the first demonstration that a specific N-glycan plays a definitive role in mucin dimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn L Bell
- Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Khatri IA, Wang R, Forstner JF. SEA (sea-urchin sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin)-module cleavage, association of fragments and membrane targeting of rat intestinal mucin Muc3. Biochem J 2003; 372:263-70. [PMID: 12605599 PMCID: PMC1223385 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2002] [Revised: 02/20/2003] [Accepted: 02/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we showed, by transient expression studies in COS-1 cells, that the C-terminal domain of rat intestinal membrane mucin Muc3 was cleaved between glycine and serine within a GSIVV (one-letter) amino acid sequence during its residence in the endoplasmic reticulum. The extracellular domain fragment remained linked to the membrane-associated fragment by non-covalent interactions. The present study demonstrates that cleavage depends not only on the presence of the G/SIVV site (where G/S is the glycine downward arrow serine cleavage site), but also on more distant C-terminal sequences in the SEA (sea-urchin sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin) module. Inhibition of N-glycosylation by tunicamycin treatment of transfected cells did not prevent re-association of fragments, although cleavage was partially impaired, as some of the non-glycosylated, non-cleaved products were seen to accumulate in cells. Membrane targeting of the Muc3 domain and its cleavage products occurred in transfected cells and was not impaired in mutants in which the cleavage site was mutated. Targeting was also not impaired for products devoid of N-linked oligosaccharides. Our studies thus indicate that (a) cleavage within the SEA module of rat Muc3 requires participation of peptide sequences located C-terminal of and distant from the cleavage site, (b) re-association of the fragments requires the SEA module, but is independent of N-linked oligosaccharides, and (c) membrane targeting of the mucin is independent of the SEA-module-cleavage reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismat A Khatri
- Research Institute, Department of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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