1
|
A brief history of carbon monoxide and its therapeutic origins. Nitric Oxide 2021; 111-112:45-63. [PMID: 33838343 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 10% of carbon throughout the cosmos is in the form of carbon monoxide (CO). Earth's earliest prebiotic atmosphere included the trinity of gasotransmitters CO, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), for which all of life has co-evolved with. The history of CO can be loosely traced to mythological and prehistoric origins with rudimentary understanding emerging in the middle ages. Ancient literature is focused on CO's deadly toxicity which is understandable in the context of our primitive relationship with coal and fire. Scientific inquiry into CO appears to have emerged throughout the 1700s followed by chemical and toxicological profiling throughout the 1800s. Despite CO's ghastly reputation, several of the 18th and 19th century scientists suggested a therapeutic application of CO. Since 2000, the fundamental understanding of CO as a deadly nuisance has undergone a paradigm shift such that CO is now recognized as a neurotransmitter and viable pharmaceutical candidate. This review is intended to provide a brief history on the trace origins pertaining to endogenous formation and therapeutic application of CO.
Collapse
|
2
|
Villar-Lorenzo A, Ardiles AE, Arroba AI, Hernández-Jiménez E, Pardo V, López-Collazo E, Jiménez IA, Bazzocchi IL, González-Rodríguez Á, Valverde ÁM. Friedelane-type triterpenoids as selective anti-inflammatory agents by regulation of differential signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Greil J, Verga-Falzacappa MV, Echner NE, Behnisch W, Bandapalli OR, Pechanska P, Immenschuh S, Vijayan V, Balla J, Tsukahara H, Schneider M, Janka G, Claus M, Longerich T, Muckenthaler MU, Kulozik AE. Mutating heme oxygenase-1 into a peroxidase causes a defect in bilirubin synthesis associated with microcytic anemia and severe hyperinflammation. Haematologica 2016; 101:e436-e439. [PMID: 27662012 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.147090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Greil
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole E Echner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Behnisch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul R Bandapalli
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Pechanska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Jozsef Balla
- Department. of Nephrology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hirokatsu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Marion Schneider
- Section of Experimental Anesthesiology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Gritta Janka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Claus
- Institute for Immunology, University Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas E Kulozik
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wagener FADTG, Carels CE, Lundvig DMS. Targeting the redox balance in inflammatory skin conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9126-67. [PMID: 23624605 PMCID: PMC3676777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be both beneficial and deleterious. Under normal physiological conditions, ROS production is tightly regulated, and ROS participate in both pathogen defense and cellular signaling. However, insufficient ROS detoxification or ROS overproduction generates oxidative stress, resulting in cellular damage. Oxidative stress has been linked to various inflammatory diseases. Inflammation is an essential response in the protection against injurious insults and thus important at the onset of wound healing. However, hampered resolution of inflammation can result in a chronic, exaggerated response with additional tissue damage. In the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin conditions, e.g., sunburn and psoriasis, inflammatory-mediated tissue damage is central. The prolonged release of excess ROS in the skin can aggravate inflammatory injury and promote chronic inflammation. The cellular redox balance is therefore tightly regulated by several (enzymatic) antioxidants and pro-oxidants; however, in case of chronic inflammation, the antioxidant system may be depleted, and prolonged oxidative stress occurs. Due to the central role of ROS in inflammatory pathologies, restoring the redox balance forms an innovative therapeutic target in the development of new strategies for treating inflammatory skin conditions. Nevertheless, the clinical use of antioxidant-related therapies is still in its infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (F.A.D.T.G.W.); (D.M.S.L.); Tel.: +31-24-3614082 (F.A.D.T.G.W.); Fax: +31-24-3540631 (F.A.D.T.G.W. & D.M.S.L.)
| | | | - Ditte M. S. Lundvig
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (F.A.D.T.G.W.); (D.M.S.L.); Tel.: +31-24-3614082 (F.A.D.T.G.W.); Fax: +31-24-3540631 (F.A.D.T.G.W. & D.M.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang CS, Lii CK, Lin AH, Yeh YW, Yao HT, Li CC, Wang TS, Chen HW. Protection by chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin against oxidative stress is mediated by the Nrf2-dependent up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1 and glutamate cysteine ligase in rat primary hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:167-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
The first case of human heme oxygenase (HO)-1 deficiency was reported by Yachie et al. at our laboratory in the Department of Pediatrics, Angiogenesis and Vascular Development, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, in 1999. In the present paper I would like to review this novel disease. Our studies into HO-1 deficiency were called by us 'Kanazawa version Project X'. From the story of our successful discovery we have learned that serendipity is a very important spiritual factor. Serendipity is the making of fortunate and unexpected discoveries by chance (from its possession by the heroes in the Persian fairy tale The Three Princes of Serendip).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Koizumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Angiogenesis and Vascular Development, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science and School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- David K Stevenson
- Divison of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94306, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takahashi T, Shimizu H, Akagi R, Morita K, Sassa S. Heme oxygenase-1: a new drug target in oxidative tissue injuries in critically ill conditions. Drug Dev Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
Chang EF, Claus CP, Vreman HJ, Wong RJ, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. Heme regulation in traumatic brain injury: relevance to the adult and developing brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25:1401-17. [PMID: 15917748 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial bleeding is one of the most prominent aspects in the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Substantial amounts of blood products, such as heme, are released because of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages, intraparenchymal contusions, and hematomas. Despite this, surprisingly few studies have directly addressed the role of blood products, in particular heme, in the setting of TBI. Heme is degraded by heme oxygenase (HO) into three highly bioactive products: iron, bilirubin, and carbon monoxide. The HO isozymes, in particular HO-1 and HO-2, exhibit significantly different expression patterns and appear to have specific roles after injury. Developmentally, differences between the adult and immature brain have implications for endogenous protection from oxidative stress. The aim of this paper is to review recent advances in the understanding of heme regulation and metabolism after brain injury and its specific relevance to the developing brain. These findings suggest novel clinical therapeutic options for further translational study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0520, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martin D, Rojo AI, Salinas M, Diaz R, Gallardo G, Alam J, De Galarreta CMR, Cuadrado A. Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and the Nrf2 transcription factor in response to the antioxidant phytochemical carnosol. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:8919-29. [PMID: 14688281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309660200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway elicits a survival signal against multiple apoptotic insults. In addition, phase II enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protect cells against diverse toxins and oxidative stress. In this work, we describe a link between these defense systems at the level of transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1. The herb-derived phenol carnosol induced HO-1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that carnosol targeted the mouse ho1 promoter at two enhancer regions comprising the antioxidant response elements (AREs). Moreover, carnosol increased the nuclear levels of Nrf2, a transcription factor governing AREs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and luciferase reporter assays with a dominant-negative Nrf2 mutant indicated that carnosol increased the binding of Nrf2 to ARE and induced Nrf2-dependent activation of the ho1 promoter. While investigating the signaling pathways responsible for HO-1 induction, we observed that carnosol activated the ERK, p38, and JNK pathways as well as the survival pathway driven by PI3K. Inhibition of PI3K reduced the increase in Nrf2 protein levels and activation of the ho1 promoter. Expression of active PI3K-CAAX (where A is aliphatic amino acid) was sufficient to activate AREs. The use of dominant-negative mutants of protein kinase Czeta and Akt1, two kinases downstream from PI3K, demonstrated a requirement for active Akt1, but not protein kinase Czeta. Moreover, the long-term antioxidant effect of carnosol was partially blocked by PI3K or HO-1 inhibitors, further demonstrating that carnosol attenuates oxidative stress through a pathway that involves PI3K and HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas and the Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buzdin A, Ustyugova S, Gogvadze E, Lebedev Y, Hunsmann G, Sverdlov E. Genome-wide targeted search for human specific and polymorphic L1 integrations. Hum Genet 2003; 112:527-33. [PMID: 12601470 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2002] [Accepted: 12/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Retroelements (REs) occupy up to 40% of the human genome. Newly integrated REs can change the pattern of expression of pre-existing host genes and therefore might play a significant role in evolution. In particular, human- and primate-specific REs could affect the divergence of the Hominoidea superfamily. A comparative genome-wide analysis of RE sites of integration, neighboring genes, and their regulatory interplay in human and ape genomes would be of help in understanding the impact of REs on evolution and genome regulation. We have developed a technique for the genome-wide comparison of the integrations of transposable elements in genomic DNAs of closely related species. The technique called targeted genome differences analysis (TGDA) is also useful for the detection of deletion/insertion polymorphisms of REs. The technique is based on an enhanced version of subtractive hybridization and does not require preliminary knowledge of the genome sequences under comparison. In this report, we describe its application to the detection and analysis of human specific L1 integrations and their polymorphisms. We obtained a library highly enriched in human-specific L1 insertions and identified 24 such new insertions. Many of these insertions are polymorphic in human populations. The total number of human-specific L1 inserts was estimated to be approximately 4000. The results suggest that TGDA is a universal method that can be successfully used for the detection of evolutionary and polymorphic markers in any closely related genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Buzdin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buzdin A, Ustyugova S, Khodosevich K, Mamedov I, Lebedev Y, Hunsmann G, Sverdlov E. Human-specific subfamilies of HERV-K (HML-2) long terminal repeats: three master genes were active simultaneously during branching of hominoid lineages. Genomics 2003; 81:149-56. [PMID: 12620392 DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(02)00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using 40 known human-specific LTR sequences, we have derived a consensus sequence for an evolutionary young HERV-K (HML-2) LTR family, which was named the HS family. In the human genome the HS family is represented by approximately 150-160 LTR sequences, 90% of them being human-specific (hs). The family can be subdivided into two subfamilies differing in five linked nucleotide substitutions: HS-a and HS-b of 5.8 and 10.3 Myr evolutionary ages, respectively. The HS-b subfamily members were transpositionally active both before the divergence of the human and chimpanzee ancestor lineages and after it in both lineages. The HS-a subfamily comprises only hs LTRs. These and other data strongly suggest that at least three "master genes" of HERV-K (HML-2) LTRs were active in the human ancestor lineage after the human-chimpanzee divergence. We also found hs HERV-K (HML-2) LTRs integrations in introns of 12 human genes and identified 13 new hs HERV-K (HML-2) LTRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Buzdin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
We all depend on molecular oxygen and heme for our life, as evident from the pigments in blood and daily wastes. About 80% of serum bilirubin is derived from hemoglobin of senescent erythrocytes, which have finished their mission of 120 days and have been phagocytized by macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system. Here we present an overview of the heme degradation processes and relevant disorders by focusing on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a key enzyme in heme catabolism. HO-1 cleaves the porphyrin macrocycle of heme at the expense of molecular oxygen to release a linear tetrapyrrole biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and ferrous iron; biliverdin is rapidly reduced to bilirubin. Bilirubin is transported to the liver (hepatocytes), conjugated with glucuronic acid by bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and excreted into bile. Genetic diversity, a strategy in the host defense, is seen in the human ho-1 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes. Moreover, striking interspecies variations are noted in the regulation of HO-1 expression by hypoxia, heat shock, or interferon-gamma, each of which mainly represses HO-1 expression in human cells. Implications of such a variety are discussed in relevance to the pathogenesis of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the most ancient foe of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Shibahara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Applied Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mamedov I, Batrak A, Buzdin A, Arzumanyan E, Lebedev Y, Sverdlov ED. Genome-wide comparison of differences in the integration sites of interspersed repeats between closely related genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:e71. [PMID: 12136119 PMCID: PMC135772 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gnf071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2002] [Revised: 05/29/2002] [Accepted: 05/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A technique for genome-wide detection of differences in the integration site positions of interspersed repeats in related genomes (DiffIR) is described. The technique is based on a whole- genome selective PCR amplification of the repeats' flanking regions followed by a differential hybridization screening of the arrayed library of the selected amplicons. The technique was successfully applied to the comparison of the integration sites in the human and chimpanzee genomes, allowing us to discover 11 new human-specific integrations of human endogenous retrovirus, K family (HML-2) long terminal repeats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilgar Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buzdin A, Khodosevich K, Mamedov I, Vinogradova T, Lebedev Y, Hunsmann G, Sverdlov E. A technique for genome-wide identification of differences in the interspersed repeats integrations between closely related genomes and its application to detection of human-specific integrations of HERV-K LTRs. Genomics 2002; 79:413-22. [PMID: 11863371 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2002.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a method of targeted genomic difference analysis (TGDA) for genomewide detection of interspersed repeat integration site differences between closely related genomes. The method includes a whole-genome amplification of the flanks adjacent to target interspersed repetitive elements in both genomic DNAs under comparison, and subtractive hybridization (SH) of the selected amplicons. The potential of TGDA was demonstrated by the detection of differences in the integration sites of human endogenous retroviruses K (HERV-K) and related solitary long terminal repeats (LTRs) between the human and chimpanzee genomes. Of 55 randomly sequenced clones from a library enriched with human-specific integration (HSI) sites, 33 (60%) represented HSIs. All the human-specific (Hs) LTRs belong to two related evolutionarily young groups, suggesting simultaneous activity of two master genes in the hominid lineage. No deletion/insertion polymorphism was detected for the LTR HSIs for 25 unrelated caucasoid individuals. We also discuss the possible research applications for TGDA research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Buzdin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This article describes the first autopsy case of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 deficiency. A 6-year-old boy who presented with growth retardation; anemia; leukocytosis; thrombocytosis; coagulation abnormality; elevated levels of haptoglobin, ferritin, and heme in serum; a low serum bilirubin concentration; and hyperlipidemia was diagnosed as HO-1 deficient by gene analysis several months before death. Autopsy showed amyloid deposits in the liver and adrenal glands and mesangioproliferative glomerular changes in kidneys, in addition to an irregular distribution of foamy macrophages with iron pigments. Fatty streaks and fibrous plaques were noted in the aorta. Compared with HO-1--targeted mice, the present case seems to more severely involve endothelial cells and the reticuloendothelial system, resulting in intravascular hemolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and amyloidosis with a short survival. This contrasts to the predominant iron metabolic disorders of HO-1--targeted mice with a long survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|