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Hoteit M, Mohsen H, Bookari K, Moussa G, Jurdi N, Yazbeck N. Prevalence, correlates, and gender disparities related to eating disordered behaviors among health science students and healthcare practitioners in Lebanon: Findings of a national cross sectional study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:956310. [PMID: 35928833 PMCID: PMC9345498 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.956310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe raised prevalence of eating disorders (ED) amongst health science students and health professionals is of mounting concern. This study aims to determine the prevalence and correlates of eating disorders risk amongst a sample of Lebanese health science students and healthcare practitioners of both genders.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled a convenient sample of 1,000 participants (mean age: 23 ± 5.4; females: 74.9%) from faculties of health sciences, clinics, pharmacies, and hospitals. The validated Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to screen for eating disorders. Anthropometric data were self-reported by respondents to assess their nutritional status.ResultsThe risk of eating disorders was prevalent in 22.5% of participants. Females were at higher risk of ED compared to males p = 0.03. Eating disorders risk did not differ between students and practitioners (p = 0.3). The highest proportion of high-risk participants were students studying nutrition and practitioners (40.9%), outracing their counterparts in nursing (18.7%), medicine (17.8%), pharmacy (17.7%), and midwifery (4.9%) sciences (p = 0.02). Most high-risk participants had normal body weight (60.4%), and 28.9% were overweight (p = 0.001). Female gender, nutrition profession, and dieting were associated with increasing the odd of ED. Particularly, dieting increased the risk around five times. Further, each 3 participants over 10 were facing binge eating behavior.ConclusionThis study uncovers an undervalued profession-related-health-disorder in Lebanese health science students and healthcare practitioners. Specific attention should be given to EDs in professional educational programmes across healthcare disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition prOgram Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- *Correspondence: Maha Hoteit
| | - Hala Mohsen
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition prOgram Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khlood Bookari
- National Nutrition Committee, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Executive Department of Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Food Sector, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadir Moussa
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najwa Jurdi
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Yazbeck
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition prOgram Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In 2013, binge eating disorder (BED) was officially recognized as a distinct eating disorder in the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The purpose of this review is to assess the available epidemiological data to determine whether BED should be considered for inclusion in global disease burden quantification efforts, such as the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). RECENT FINDINGS A systematic search of three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) found 32 studes meeting GBD inclusion criteria. The global pooled prevalence of BED was 0.9% (95% confidence intervals: 0.7-1.0%). Although women (1.4%, 1.1-1.7%) had higher prevalence than men (0.4%, 0.3-0.6%), no significant difference in prevalence was found between high-income countries (0.9%, 0.8-1.1%) and low- and middle-income countries (0.7%, 0.3-1.1%). SUMMARY The current article presents the findings of a recent systematic review of the epidemiology of BED and discusses the case for including BED as a new cause in future iterations of GBD.
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Kvalem IL, Bergh I, von Soest T, Rosenvinge JH, Johnsen TA, Martinsen EW, Mala T, Kristinsson JA. A comparison of behavioral and psychological characteristics of patients opting for surgical and conservative treatment for morbid obesity. BMC OBESITY 2016; 3:6. [PMID: 26885374 PMCID: PMC4743365 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-016-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Little is known about the psychological prerequisites for weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. A first step in investigating whether existing knowledge of conservative weight loss treatment is applicable for lifestyle interventions postoperatively is to compare specific psychological characteristics at baseline. The aim of this study was to compare patients scheduled for bariatric surgery with patients receiving conservative treatment for morbid obesity on measures of behavioral and psychosocial characteristics considered predictors of their adoption of and adherence to long-term lifestyle recommendations. Methods Baseline clinical and questionnaire data from the prospective “Oslo Bariatric Surgery Study” were used to examine potential differences between bariatric surgery patients (n = 301) and patients receiving conservative weight loss treatment (n = 261). Results The surgical group was characterized by their younger age (43.8 vs. 46.2 years, p <0.01), higher percentage of women (79.1 vs. 70.1 %, p <0.05), and higher Body Mass Index (BMI; 45.0 vs. 41.9 kg/m2, p <0.001). A multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for group differences in BMI, gender, and age, showed that the surgical group had higher self-efficacy (Odds ratio; OR = 3.44, 95 % Confidence interval; CI 1.65, 7.14), more positive outcome expectations (OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.23, 1.89), and plans that were more explicit for changing their eating behaviors (OR = 1.80, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.93). The surgical patients were also less ready to change physical activity levels (OR = 0.59, 95 % CI 0.48, 0.73), had tried more types of unhealthy weight loss methods in the past (OR = 1.16, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.33), drank soda more frequently (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI 1.02, 1.50), had fewer binge eating episodes (OR = 0.38, 95 % CI 0.20, 0.71), and had more depressive symptoms (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.09, 1.29). Conclusions Patients opting for bariatric surgery had more positive expectations of the treatment outcomes and stronger beliefs in their ability to achieve these outcomes. Those starting conservative treatment had stronger beliefs in readiness to change physical activity levels. Future studies should explore the effect of interventions for bariatric surgery patients, promoting postoperative physical activity and stress realistic outcome expectations. The potential effects of incorporating this knowledge in intervention strategies remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Lundin Kvalem
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PB 1094, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Irmelin Bergh
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PB 1094, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PB 1094, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tina Avantis Johnsen
- Center for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil W Martinsen
- Department for Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Mala
- Center for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon A Kristinsson
- Center for Morbid Obesity and Bariatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Rauof M, Ebrahimi H, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Malek A, Babapour Kheiroddin J. Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Adolescents in the Northwest of Iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e19331. [PMID: 26568851 PMCID: PMC4640058 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.19331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Perceived sociocultural pressure to be thin has an important impact on disordered eating during early and middle adolescence, but less is known about late adolescence. Adolescents face special problems that are less common during childhood. Several studies indicate that the prevalence of eating disorders has been increased among adolescents. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence, prevalence and correlates of eating disorders (ED) among adolescents in two cities of Iran, Urmia and Tabriz. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey in which 1990 adolescent boys and girls were selected through multistage random sampling. The study was based on self-report questionnaires including eating attitudes test (EAT-26) and DSM-IV criteria for the presence of eating disorders. To analyze the obtained data we calculated measures of central tendency and dispersion, linear and logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test. Results: According to diagnostic criteria of EAT-26, 492 students (24.2%) were at risk of ED and scored above the recommended cut-off point on EAT-26. Among 1990 students, a total of 51 cases (0.25%) of eating disorder (14 anorexia nervosa, 18 bulimia nervosa, and 19 eating disorder not otherwise specified) were diagnosed. Conclusions: The obtained prevalence of ED in our study was higher than previous studies in Iran. We found high numbers of boys with ED. Overweight adolescents were shown to be more susceptible to strict dieting than normal-weight adolescents. These results suggest that it is necessary to provide screening and treatment services for Iranian adolescents. Further research is needed to develop intervention programs to control eating disorders among Iranian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rauof
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Hossein Ebrahimi, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-4114751709, Fax: +98-4114796969, E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Health Services Management Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Ayyoub Malek
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Jalil Babapour Kheiroddin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IR Iran
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Lupattelli A, Spigset O, Torgersen L, Zerwas S, Hatle M, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Bulik CM, Nordeng H. Medication Use before, during, and after Pregnancy among Women with Eating Disorders: A Study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200658 PMCID: PMC4511584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about medication use among women with eating disorders in relation to pregnancy. AIMS To explore patterns of and associations between use of psychotropic, gastrointestinal and analgesic medications and eating disorders in the period before, during and after pregnancy. METHOD This study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A total of 62,019 women, enrolled at approximately 17 weeks' gestation, had valid data from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry and completed three MoBa questionnaires. The questionnaires provided diagnostic information on broadly defined anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and recurrent self-induced purging in the absence of binge eating (EDNOS-P), along with self-reported use of medication six months before, during, and 0-6 months after pregnancy. RESULTS The prevalence of eating disorder subtypes before and/or during pregnancy was: 0.09% AN (n = 54), 0.94% BN (n = 585), 0.10% EDNOS-P (n = 61) and 5.00% BED (n = 3104). The highest over-time prevalence of psychotropic use was within the AN (3.7-22.2%) and EDNOS-P (3.3-9.8%) groups. Compared to controls, BN was directly associated with incident use of psychotropics in pregnancy (adjusted RR: 2.25, 99% CI: 1.17-4.32). Having AN (adjusted RR: 5.11, 99% CI: 1.53-17.01) or EDNOS-P (adjusted RR: 6.77, 99% CI: 1.41-32.53) was directly associated with use of anxiolytics/sedatives postpartum. The estimates of use of analgesics (BED) and laxatives (all eating disorders subtypes) were high at all time periods investigated. CONCLUSIONS Use of psychotropic, gastrointestinal, and analgesic medications is extensive among women with eating disorders in the period around pregnancy. Female patients with eating disorders should receive evidence-based counseling about the risk of medication exposure versus the risk of untreated psychiatric illness during pregnancy and postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lupattelli
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, PharmaTox Strategic Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Olav Spigset
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leila Torgersen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- UNC Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- UNC Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, School of Pharmacy, PharmaTox Strategic Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Are Elite Female Soccer Athletes at Risk for Disordered Eating Attitudes, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Stress Fractures? PM R 2015; 8:208-13. [PMID: 26188245 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of stress fractures, menstrual dysfunction and disordered eating attitudes in elite female soccer athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING Female soccer athletes were recruited from a national level youth soccer club, an NCAA Division I university team, and a women's professional team. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twenty female soccer athletes with a mean age of 16.4 ± 4 years and BMI of 20.8 ± 2 kg/m(2) completed the study, representing all athletes from the included teams. METHODS One-time surveys completed by the athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Height and weight were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each athlete. Athletes reported age of menarche, history of missing 3 or more menses within a 12-month period and stress fracture. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to assess the athlete's body perception and attitudes toward eating. RESULTS Of the 220 soccer athletes, 3 athletes (1.6%) had a low BMI for their age, and 19 (8.6%) reported stress fractures of the lower extremity. Among athletes who had reached menarche, the average onset was 13 + 1 year; menstrual dysfunction were present in 21 (19.3%). On the EAT-26, 1 player scored in the high risk range (>20) and 17 (7.7%) scored in the intermediate risk range (10-19) for eating disorders. Athletes with an EAT-26 score ≥ 10 points had a significantly higher prevalence of menstrual dysfunction in the past year compared to athletes with an EAT-26 score of less than 10 (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Elite female soccer athletes are susceptible to stress fractures and menstrual dysfunction and have delayed onset of menarche despite normal BMI and appropriate body perception and attitudes towards eating. Further studies are needed to better understand stress fracture risk in female soccer athletes and in other team sports to determine how these findings relate to long-term bone health in this population.
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Rø Ø, Reas DL, Stedal K. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in Norwegian Adults: Discrimination between Female Controls and Eating Disorder Patients. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2015; 23:408-12. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Rø
- Regional Department of Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Deborah L. Reas
- Regional Department of Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Kristin Stedal
- Regional Department of Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
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Elżbieta P, Nadine S, Agnieszka S, Monika DW, Marta DK, Christian H. Salivary enzyme activity in anorexic persons—a controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:1981-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Watson HJ, Torgersen L, Zerwas S, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knoph C, Stoltenberg C, Siega-Riz AM, Von Holle A, Hamer RM, Meltzer H, Ferguson EH, Haugen M, Magnus P, Kuhns R, Bulik CM. Eating Disorders, Pregnancy, and the Postpartum Period: Findings from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). NORSK EPIDEMIOLOGI 2014; 24:51-62. [PMID: 27110061 DOI: 10.5324/nje.v24i1-2.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes studies on eating disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period that have been conducted as part of the broader Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Prior to the 2000s, empirical literature on eating disorders in pregnancy was sparse and consisted mostly of studies in small clinical samples. MoBa has contributed to a new era of research by making population-based and large-sample research possible. To date, MoBa has led to 19 studies on diverse questions including the prevalence, course, and risk correlates of eating disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum. The associations between eating disorder exposure and pregnancy, birth and obstetric outcomes, and maternal and offspring health and well-being, have also been areas of focus. The findings indicate that eating disorders in pregnancy are relatively common and appear to confer health risks to mother and her child related to sleep, birth outcomes, maternal nutrition, and child feeding and eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States ; Eating Disorders Program, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Department of Health in Western Australia, Perth, Australia ; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia ; School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leila Torgersen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Knoph
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway ; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States ; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Ann Von Holle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Robert M Hamer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States ; Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Helle Meltzer
- Division of Environmental Science, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth H Ferguson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States ; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca Kuhns
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States ; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States ; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rosenvinge JH, Pettersen G. Epidemiology of eating disorders part II: an update with a special reference to the DSM-5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21662630.2014.940549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Uhlen MM, Tveit AB, Stenhagen KR, Mulic A. Self-induced vomiting and dental erosion--a clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:92. [PMID: 25069878 PMCID: PMC4125596 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In individuals suffering from eating disorders (ED) characterized by vomiting (e.g. bulimia nervosa), the gastric juice regularly reaches the oral cavity, causing a possible risk of dental erosion. This study aimed to assess the occurrence, distribution and severity of dental erosions in a group of Norwegian patients experiencing self-induced vomiting (SIV). Methods The individuals included in the study were all undergoing treatment at clinics for eating disorders and were referred to a university dental clinic for examinations. One calibrated clinician registered erosions using the Visual Erosion Dental Examination (VEDE) system. Results Of 72 referred patients, 66 (63 females and three males, mean age 27.7 years) were or had been experiencing SIV (mean duration 10.6 years; range: 3 – 32 years), and were therefore included in the study. Dental erosions were found in 46 individuals (69.7%), 19 had enamel lesions only, while 27 had both enamel and dentine lesions. Ten or more teeth were affected in 26.1% of those with erosions, and 9% had ≥10 teeth with dentine lesions. Of the erosions, 41.6% were found on palatal/lingual surfaces, 36.6% on occlusal surfaces and 21.8% on buccal surfaces. Dentine lesions were most often found on lower first molars, while upper central incisors showed enamel lesions most frequently. The majority of the erosive lesions (48.6%) were found in those with the longest illness period, and 71.7% of the lesions extending into dentine were also found in this group. However, despite suffering from SIV for up to 32 years, 30.3% of the individuals showed no lesions. Conclusions Dental erosion commonly affects individuals with ED experiencing SIV, and is more often found on the palatal/lingual surfaces than on the buccal in these individuals, confirming a common clinical assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte-Mari Uhlen
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109, Oslo N-0317, Norway.
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Fursland A, Watson HJ. Eating disorders: a hidden phenomenon in outpatient mental health? Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:422-5. [PMID: 24136246 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are common but underdiagnosed illnesses. Help-seeking for co-occurring issues, such as anxiety and depression, are common. OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence of eating problems, using the SCOFF, and eating disorders when screening positive on the SCOFF (i.e., ≥2), among patients seeking help for anxiety and depression at a community-based mental health service. METHOD Patients (N = 260) consecutively referred and assessed for anxiety and depression treatment were administered the SCOFF screening questionnaire and a semi-structured standardized diagnostic interview during routine intake. RESULTS 18.5% (48/260) scored ≥2 on the SCOFF, indicating eating problems. Of these, 41% (19/48) met criteria for an eating disorder. Thus, overall, 7.3% (19/260) of the sample met criteria for a DSM-IV eating disorder. Those scoring ≥2 on the SCOFF were more likely to: be female (p = 0.001), younger (p = 0.003), and have a history of self-harm (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION This study confirms that eating disorders are a hidden phenomenon in general outpatient mental health. By using a standardized diagnostic interview to establish diagnosis rather than self- or staff-report, the study builds on limited previous findings. The naturalistic study setting shows that screening for eating disorders can be easily built into routine intake practice, and successfully identifies treatment need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Fursland
- Department of Health in Western Australia, Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia
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Rosenvinge JH, Pettersen G. Epidemiology of eating disorders, part I: introduction to the series and a historical panorama. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21662630.2014.898206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Räisänen U, Hunt K. The role of gendered constructions of eating disorders in delayed help-seeking in men: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004342. [PMID: 24713213 PMCID: PMC3987710 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand how young men recognise eating disorder (ED) symptoms and decide to seek help, and to examine their experiences of initial contacts with primary care. DESIGN A qualitative interview study. SETTING Men from across the UK were interviewed as part of a study of 39 young men's and women's experiences of having an ED. PARTICIPANTS 10 men aged 16-25 years with various EDs including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. RESULTS The widespread perception of EDs as uniquely or predominantly a female problem led to an initial failure by young men to recognise their behaviours as symptoms of an ED. Many presented late in their illness trajectory when ED behaviours and symptoms were entrenched, and some felt that opportunities to recognise their illness had been missed because of others' lack of awareness of EDs in men. In addition, the men discussed the lack of gender-appropriate information and resources for men with EDs as an additional impediment to making sense of their experiences, and some felt that health and other professionals had been slow to recognise their symptoms because they were men. CONCLUSIONS Although increasingly common in young men, widespread cultural constructions of EDs as a 'women's illness' mean that men may fail to recognise ED symptoms until disordered behaviours become entrenched and less tractable to intervention. Men also report that such perceptions can affect the reactions of their families and friends, as well as health and educational professionals. Primary care professionals are well placed to challenge inappropriate perceptions of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Räisänen
- HERG Health Experiences Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- HERG Health Experiences Research Group, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Ribeiro M, Conceição E, Vaz AR, Machado PPP. The prevalence of binge eating disorder in a sample of college students in the north of Portugal. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2014; 22:185-90. [PMID: 24729194 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) has important associated comorbidities and has been recently considered as a diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition. This study investigates the prevalence of BED in a sample of college students using a two-stage design. Between October 2008 and July 2009, 805 students attending a public college campus completed the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns - Revised to screen for possible cases. Eighty-five students meeting key criteria for BED were invited for a second stage interview using the Eating Disorder Examination. At stage 1, 9.6% of the subjects reported binge eating episodes. At stage 2, a prevalence rate of 0.5% for BED was found, and 1% if the criterion for large amount of food was excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ribeiro
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Watson HJ, Von Holle A, Hamer RM, Berg CK, Torgersen L, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C, Sullivan P, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Bulik CM. Remission, continuation and incidence of eating disorders during early pregnancy: a validation study in a population-based birth cohort. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1723-1734. [PMID: 23164164 PMCID: PMC4206832 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We internally validated previously published rates of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. METHOD A total of 77 267 pregnant women enrolled at 17 weeks gestation between 2001 and 2009 were split into a training sample (n = 41 243) from the version 2 dataset and a validation sample (n = 36 024) from the version 5 dataset who were not in the original study. Internal validation of original rate models involved fitting a calibration model to compare model parameters between the two samples and bootstrap estimates of bias in the entire version 5 dataset. RESULTS Remission, continuation and incidence estimates remained stable. Pre-pregnancy prevalence estimates in the validation sample were: anorexia nervosa (AN; 0.1%), bulimia nervosa (BN; 1.0%), binge eating disorder (BED; 3.3%) and eating disorder not otherwise specified-purging disorder (EDNOS-P; 0.1%). In early pregnancy, estimates were: BN (0.2%), BED (4.8%) and EDNOS-P (<0.01%). Incident BN and EDNOS-P during pregnancy were rare. The highest rates were for full or partial remission for BN and EDNOS-P and continuation for BED. CONCLUSIONS We validated previously estimated rates of remission, continuation and incidence of eating disorders during pregnancy. Eating disorders, especially BED, during pregnancy were relatively common, occurring in nearly one in every 20 women. Pregnancy was a window of remission from BN but a window of vulnerability for BED. Training to detect eating disorders by obstetricians/gynecologists and interventions to enhance pregnancy and neonatal outcomes warrant attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J. Watson
- Centre for Clinical Interventions, Department of Health in Western Australia, Australia
- Eating Disorders Program, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Department of Health in Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ann Von Holle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Robert M. Hamer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | - Leila Torgersen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Kessler RC, Berglund PA, Chiu WT, Deitz AC, Hudson JI, Shahly V, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Angermeyer MC, Benjet C, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Maria Haro J, Kovess-Masfety V, O'Neill S, Posada-Villa J, Sasu C, Scott K, Viana MC, Xavier M. The prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:904-14. [PMID: 23290497 PMCID: PMC3628997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little population-based data exist outside the United States on the epidemiology of binge eating disorder (BED). Cross-national BED data are presented here and compared with bulimia nervosa (BN) data in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys. METHODS Community surveys with 24,124 respondents (ages 18+) across 14 mostly upper-middle and high-income countries assessed lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Physical disorders were assessed with a chronic conditions checklist. RESULTS Country-specific lifetime prevalence estimates are consistently (median; interquartile range) higher for BED (1.4%; .8-1.9%) than BN (.8%; .4-1.0%). Median age of onset is in the late teens to early 20s for both disorders but slightly younger for BN. Persistence is slightly higher for BN (6.5 years; 2.2-15.4) than BED (4.3 years; 1.0-11.7). Lifetime risk of both disorders is elevated for women and recent cohorts. Retrospective reports suggest that comorbid DSM-IV disorders predict subsequent onset of BN somewhat more strongly than BED and that BN predicts subsequent comorbid disorders somewhat more strongly than does BED. Significant comorbidities with physical conditions are due almost entirely to BN and to a somewhat lesser degree BED predicting subsequent onset of these conditions. Role impairments are similar for BN and BED. Fewer than half of lifetime BN or BED cases receive treatment. CONCLUSIONS Binge eating disorder represents a public health problem at least equal to BN. Low treatment rates highlight the clinical importance of questioning patients about eating problems even when not included among presenting complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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18
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Knoph C, Holle AV, Zerwas S, Torgersen L, Tambs K, Stoltenberg C, Bulik CM, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Course and predictors of maternal eating disorders in the postpartum period. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:355-68. [PMID: 23307499 PMCID: PMC3622173 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate course and predictors of eating disorders in the postpartum period. METHOD A total of 77,807 women, participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), completed questionnaires during pregnancy including items covering DSM-IV criteria for prepregnancy anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS-P), and binge eating disorder (BED). Additional questionnaires were completed at 18 and 36 months postpartum. RESULTS Proportions of women remitting at 18 months and 36 months postpartum were 50% and 59% for AN, 39% and 30% for BN, 46% and 57% for EDNOS-P, and 45% and 42% for BED, respectively. However, disordered eating persisted in a substantial proportion of women meeting criteria for either full or subthreshold eating disorders. BN during pregnancy increased the risk for continuation of BN. BMI and psychological distress were significantly associated with course of BED. DISCUSSION This is the first large-scale population-based study on course of eating disorders in the postpartum period. The results indicated that disordered eating persists in a substantial proportion of women with prepregnancy eating disorders. Health care professionals working with women in this phase of life need to pay specific attention to eating disorder symptoms and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Knoph
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ann Von Holle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leila Torgersen
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Dahl JK, Eriksen L, Vedul-Kjelsås E, Strømmen M, Kulseng B, Mårvik R, Holen A. Depression, anxiety, and neuroticism in obese patients waiting for bariatric surgery: Differences between patients with and without eating disorders and subthreshold binge eating disorders. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012; 6:e91-e174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Impact of broadening definitions of anorexia nervosa on sample characteristics. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:691-8. [PMID: 20974478 PMCID: PMC3033482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Practical limitations and sample size considerations often lead to broadening of diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) in research. The current study sought to elucidate the effects of this practice on resultant sample characteristics in terms of eating disorder behaviors, psychiatric comorbidities, temperament and personality characteristics, and heritability point estimates. Three definitions of AN were created: meeting all Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for AN (AN-DSM-IV), meeting all DSM-IV criteria except criterion D, amenorrhea, (AN-noD), and broadening DSM-IV AN criteria by allowing a higher body mass index value, eliminating criterion D, and allowing less stringent body weight concerns (AN-Broad). Using data from the Swedish Twin Registry, 473 women fit one of the three definitions of AN. Women with AN-DSM-IV reported significantly more eating disorder behaviors than women with AN-Broad. Women with AN-noD reported more comorbid psychiatric disorders than women with AN-DSM-IV and AN-Broad. Temperament and personality characteristics did not differ across the three groups. Heritability point estimates decreased as AN definition broadened. Broadening the diagnostic criteria for AN results in an increased number of individuals available for participation in research studies. However, broader criteria for AN yield a more heterogeneous sample with regard to eating disorder symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity than a sample defined by narrower criteria.
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21
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Isomaa R, Isomaa AL, Marttunen M, Kaltiala-Heino R, Björkqvist K. Longitudinal concomitants of incorrect weight perception in female and male adolescents. Body Image 2011; 8:58-63. [PMID: 21147053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse the longitudinal concomitants of incorrect weight perception, depressive symptoms, social anxiety, self-esteem, and eating disorders in adolescents. A prospective follow-up study on 283 female and 312 male adolescents aged 15 comprising questionnaires directed at the whole study population and subsequent personal interviews with adolescents found to be screen-positive for eating disorders, at both baseline and three-year follow-up. Body mass index was combined with weight perception to classify adolescents with incorrect weight perception. Twenty-nine percent of females incorrectly perceived themselves as overweight and 14% of males incorrectly as underweight. Incorrect weight perception was in females related to depressive symptoms, social anxiety, eating disorders, and low self-esteem. Males with incorrect weight perception experienced more social anxiety at the follow-up than their counterparts with correct weight perception. Recognition of incorrect weight perception is important for prevention of depression, social anxiety, and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Isomaa
- Department of Social Sciences, Åbo Akademi University-Vasa, Vasa, Finland.
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22
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Dahl JK, Eriksen L, Vedul-Kjelsås E, Strømmen M, Kulseng B, Mårvik R, Holen A. Prevalence of all relevant eating disorders in patients waiting for bariatric surgery: a comparison between patients with and without eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2010; 15:e247-55. [PMID: 21406948 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of all relevant eating disorders in 157 obese patients waiting for bariatric surgery. Another aim was to explore for possible differences between gender, and those with and without ED. The dependent variables were: socio-demographic characteristics, BMI, obesity onset, and obesity-related somatic diseases. METHODS ED was assessed using the self-report questionnaire, "Eating Disorders in Obesity" (EDO). The patients answered a questionnaire that targeted socio-demographic and health information. RESULTS Subgroups were based on the patients responses to items on the EDO: 1 patient (0.6%) with Bulimia Nervosa (BN), 6 (3.8%) with Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS), 21 (13.4%) with Binge Eating Disorder (BED), and 23 (14.6%) with Binge Eating (BE). The patients in the EDNOS group were those who lacked one criterion of the BN diagnosis. The patients in the BE group lacked one criterion of the BED diagnosis. Twenty-eight (17.8%) fulfilled the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ED. When patients with BE were added, 51 patients (32.5%) were identified with ED or sub-threshold ED. In the explorative part of the study, no gender differences in socio-demographic variables, BMI, obesity onset, and obesity-related somatic diseases emerged. With the exception of age, no differences were found in these variables between those with and without ED. CONCLUSION Employing all relevant eating disorders and binge eating symptoms (BE) for this population identified patients with pathological eating behaviors, which are not detected in previous studies measuring only BED and BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Dahl
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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23
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Isomaa R, Isomaa AL, Marttunen M, Kaltiala-Heino R, Björkqvist K. Psychological distress and risk for eating disorders in subgroups of dieters. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2010; 18:296-303. [PMID: 20589768 DOI: 10.1002/erv.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to predict the risk of developing an eating disorder in subgroups of dieters, based on the adolescents own accounts of the reason for starting to diet. METHOD Eighty-one dieters from a cohort of 595 adolescents (318 boys and 288 girls) aged 15 participated in the present prospective study. Personal interviews at both base-line and follow-up were combined with questionnaire data on depression, social phobia and self-esteem. RESULTS Four mutually exclusive groups of dieters were identified: vanity dieters, overweight dieters, depressed dieters and feeling fat dieters. Depressed and feeling-fat dieters had a 15-fold risk of having a lifetime eating disorder at age 18 compared to vanity and overweight dieters. CONCLUSION Typical teenage vanity dieting and dieting among overweight adolescents appears to be a benign practice, but adolescents dieting because of psychological distress have high-risk of developing an eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Isomaa
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Abo Akademi University, Vasa, Finland.
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Mousa TY, Al-Domi HA, Mashal RH, Jibril MAK. Eating disturbances among adolescent schoolgirls in Jordan. Appetite 2010; 54:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Bulik CM, Thornton L, Root TL, Pisetsky EM, Lichtenstein P, Pedersen NL. Understanding the relation between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in a Swedish national twin sample. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 67:71-7. [PMID: 19828139 PMCID: PMC2851013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present a bivariate twin analysis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa to determine the extent to which shared genetic and environmental factors contribute to liability to these disorders. METHOD Focusing on females from the Swedish Twin study of Adults: Genes and Environment (n = 7000), we calculated heritability estimates for narrow and broad anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and estimated their genetic correlation. RESULTS In the full model, the heritability estimate for narrow anorexia nervosa (AN) was (a(2) = .57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .00-.81) and for narrow bulimia nervosa (BN) (a(2) = .62; 95% CI: .08-.70), with the remaining variance accounted for by unique environmental factors. Shared environmental factors estimates were (c(2) = .00; 95% CI: .00-.67) for AN and (c(2) = .00; 95% CI: .00-.40) for BN. Moderate additive genetic (.46) and unique environmental (.42) correlations between AN and BN were observed. Heritability estimates for broad AN were lower (a(2) = .29; 95% CI: .04-.43) than for narrow AN, but estimates for broad BN were similar to narrow BN. The genetic correlation for broad AN and BN was .79, and the unique environmental correlation was .44. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the contribution of additive genetic factors to both narrow and broad AN and BN and demonstrate a moderate overlap of both genetic and unique environmental factors that influence the two conditions. Common concurrent and sequential comorbidity of AN and BN can in part be accounted for by shared genetic and environmental influences on liability although independent factors also operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA.
| | - Laura Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tammy L. Root
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Emily M. Pisetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Ferrer-García M, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Caqueo-Urízar A, Moreno E. The validity of virtual environments for eliciting emotional responses in patients with eating disorders and in controls. Behav Modif 2009; 33:830-54. [PMID: 19822737 DOI: 10.1177/0145445509348056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article explores the efficacy of virtual environments representing situations that are emotionally significant to patients with eating disorders (ED) to modify depression and anxiety levels both in these patients and in controls. Eighty-five ED patients and 108 students were randomly exposed to five experimental virtual environments (a kitchen with low-calorie food, a kitchen with high-calorie food, a restaurant with high-calorie food, a restaurant with low-calorie food, and a swimming-pool) and to one neutral environment. In the interval between the presentation of each situation, anxiety and depressed mood were assessed. Results of several repeated measures analyses demonstrated that patients show higher levels of anxiety and a more depressed mood after eating, especially high-calorie food, and after visiting the swimming pool than in the neutral room. In contrast, controls only show higher levels of anxiety in the swimming pool. In the rest of the situations they presented a similar mood state as in the neutral room. We concluded that virtual reality is a useful vehicle for eliciting similar emotional reactions to those one would expect in real life situations. Thus, this technology seems well suited for use in experimental studies as well as in evaluative and therapeutic contexts.
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Jáuregui Lobera I, Candau JR, Montaña González MT, Morales Millán MT, Sánchez NV, Lozano PL. Análisis de las actitudes alimentarias en una muestra de adolescentes de Sevilla. Med Clin (Barc) 2009; 132:83-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Zachrisson HD, Vedul-Kjelsås E, Götestam KG, Mykletun A. Time trends in obesity and eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41:673-80. [PMID: 18537168 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a well-known risk factor for eating disorders, and has been increasing in the normal population over the last decades. This study examines whether the increase in obesity is followed by an increase in prevalence of eating disorders in the general female population. METHOD We compared the prevalence of eating disorders and obesity in two nationally representative surveys in Norway in 1991 (n = 1,537) and 2004 (n = 1,467). Eating disorder diagnoses were obtained using the self-report questionnaire survey for eating disorders (SEDs) at both time points. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubled from 1991 to 2004, whereas the prevalence of eating disorders has been stable. Obesity was strongly associated with eating disorders both in 1991 and 2004. CONCLUSION Despite the strong association between obesity and eating disorders, the increase in obesity is not followed by an increase in eating disorders.
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Ferraro FR, Muehlenkamp JJ, Paintner A, Wasson K, Hager T, Hoverson F. Aging, body image, and body shape. The Journal of General Psychology 2008; 135:379-92. [PMID: 18959228 DOI: 10.3200/genp.135.4.379-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Participants were 25 older men (M age = 72 years, SD = 10 years) and 27 older women (M age = 71 years, SD = 8 years) who examined multiple line-drawing figures of babies, children, young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults. Participants picked a number on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (very thin) to 9 (very obese) in response to questions including "Which is the most attractive?" and "Which figure would you most like to look like?" They also completed questionnaires about their body image and body shape. In response to the age-specific line drawings (e.g., those depicting older men and older women), older women endorsed thinner figures (e.g., picked smaller numbers) than did men. Likewise, older women reported thinking more about their body shape and appearance than did men and perceived their body image as "a little too big" in comparison with the older men who perceived their body image as "just the right size." However, a breakdown of normal and overweight women in this sample revealed that for some overweight elderly women, obesity could become a satisfactory way of life. Much as with college-aged women, the endorsement of a thinner body image by many of the older adult female participants appeared to persist into late adulthood and suggests that research into body image issues with older adults is relevant and necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Richard Ferraro
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Corwin-Larimore Rm. 215, 319 Harvard St. Stop 8380, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8380, USA.
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Johansson L, Ghaderi A, Hällgren M, Andersson G. Implicit Memory Bias for Eating‐ and Body Appearance‐Related Sentences in Eating Disorders: An Application of Jacoby's White Noise Task. Cogn Behav Ther 2008; 37:135-45. [DOI: 10.1080/16506070701664821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yu Z, Geary N, Corwin RL. Ovarian hormones inhibit fat intake under binge-type conditions in ovariectomized rats. Physiol Behav 2008; 95:501-7. [PMID: 18706435 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating is more common in females than in males. This study investigated the effects of ovarian hormones on binge-eating behavior in a diet-related rat model. Six groups of ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were used (n=13/group). All rats had continuous access to chow and water throughout the study. One half of the rats were injected every fourth day with estradiol benzoate (2 microg/100 microl sesame oil) and progesterone (500 microg/100 microl sesame oil); the other half received only the sesame oil vehicle. Three feeding protocols were tested in each hormone injection condition: (1) chow only: no additional dietary fat access; (2) low-restriction: 1-h fat access every day; (3) high-restriction: 1-h fat access on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. As previously reported in intact male and female rats, the high-restriction groups exhibited binge-like increases in 1-h energy intake during fat access. The major new finding of this study is that 1-h energy intake was tonically, but not cyclically, reduced in the hormone-treated high-restriction (binge) rats. Specifically, both low- and high-restriction hormone-treated rats consumed significantly less energy than did the oil-treated rats during the 1-h fat period (p<0.0001) and overall (p<0.0001), indicating a tonic inhibition of eating. However, food intake during the 1-h fat access period was also cyclically reduced in the hormone-treated low-restriction rats, but not in the hormone-treated high-restriction rats. These results indicate that the normal cyclic inhibitory influence of ovarian hormones on eating, but not their normal tonic inhibitory influence, is disrupted by conditions leading to binge-type eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Wölnerhanssen BK, Peters T, Kern B, Schötzau A, Ackermann C, von Flüe M, Peterli R. Predictors of outcome in treatment of morbid obesity by laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: results of a prospective study of 380 patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2008; 4:500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2008.03.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Duncan AE, Bucholz KK, Neuman RJ, Agrawal A, Madden PAF, Heath AC. Clustering of eating disorder symptoms in a general population female twin sample: a latent class analysis. Psychol Med 2007; 37:1097-1107. [PMID: 17472759 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that the current DSM-IV eating disorder (ED) criteria do not adequately describe ED symptomatology. The objective of the current study was to examine the clustering of ED symptoms in a general population sample using latent class analysis (LCA). METHOD ED symptoms from 3723 female young adult twins (mean age 22) were analyzed using LCA, and resulting classes were compared on external validators reflecting ED and other co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses, substance use disorders (SUDs), and suicidality. RESULTS The optimal solution consisted of five latent classes characterized as: (1) Unaffected; (2) Low Weight Gain; (3) Weight Concerned; (4) Dieters; and (5) ED. Members of the ED class had significantly higher prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders, SUDs, and suicidality than the Unaffected and Low Weight Gain classes, and elevated rates of suicidality and major depression compared to the Weight Concerned and Dieter classes, which differed from each other primarily in terms of current body mass index (BMI). Dieter class members were more likely to be overweight and obese and less likely to be underweight than Weight Concerned class members. The majority of women with an ED diagnosis were assigned to the ED class, and few differences were found between ED class members with and without an ED diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The results add to the evidence that many women with significant ED psychopathology are not being identified by the DSM-IV ED categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Bulik CM, Von Holle A, Hamer R, Knoph Berg C, Torgersen L, Magnus P, Stoltenberg C, Siega-Riz AM, Sullivan P, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Patterns of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during early pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Psychol Med 2007; 37:1109-1118. [PMID: 17493296 PMCID: PMC2657803 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291707000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the course of broadly defined eating disorders during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. METHOD A total of 41,157 pregnant women, enrolled at approximately 18 weeks' gestation, had valid data from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry. We collected questionnaire-based diagnostic information on broadly defined anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). EDNOS subtypes included binge eating disorder (BED) and recurrent self-induced purging in the absence of binge eating (EDNOS-P). We explored rates of remission, continuation and incidence of BN, BED and EDNOS-P during pregnancy. RESULTS Prepregnancy prevalence estimates were 0.1% for AN, 0.7% for BN, 3.5% for BED and 0.1% for EDNOS-P. During early pregnancy, estimates were 0.2% (BN), 4.8% (BED) and 0.1% (EDNOS-P). Proportions of individuals remitting during pregnancy were 78% (EDNOS-P), 40% (BN purging), 39% (BED), 34% (BN any type) and 29% (BN non-purging type). Additional individuals with BN achieved partial remission. Incident BN and EDNOS-P during pregnancy were rare. For BED, the incidence rate was 1.1 per 1000 person-weeks, equating to 711 new cases of BED during pregnancy. Incident BED was associated with indices of lower socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy appears to be a catalyst for remission of some eating disorders but also a vulnerability window for the new onset of broadly defined BED, especially in economically disadvantaged individuals. Vigilance by health-care professionals for continuation and emergence of eating disorders in pregnancy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA.
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Mancilla-Diaz JM, Franco-Paredes K, Vazquez-Arevalo R, Lopez-Aguilar X, Alvarez-Rayon GL, Tellez-Giron MTO. A two-stage epidemiologic study on prevalence of eating disorders in female university students in Mexico. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2007; 15:463-70. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Willumsen T, Graugaard PK. Dental fear, regularity of dental attendance and subjective evaluation of dental erosion in women with eating disorders. Eur J Oral Sci 2005; 113:297-302. [PMID: 16048521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2005.00227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This questionnaire study, with a response rate of 53%, examined self-induced vomiting, erosions and dental attendance in women with eating disorders (EDs) as well as dental fear and its effect on attendance and communication with the dentist. A survey of 371 responding women with EDs, who were recruited from a self-help organization, revealed that dental fear was higher in women with EDs compared to the general population. Dental fear was present in 32.1% of women with EDs, and very high dental fear was present in 16.5% of women with EDs. Of those with very high dental fear, 32.3% had not visited a dental clinic at all in the preceding 2 yr, and 43.5% only initiated contact when they had symptoms. Self-induced vomiting was especially frequent in women with bulimia nervosa (87.9%) and in those with more than one ED (the 'mixed group') (80.6%). Among those with self-induced vomiting, 45.3% thought that they had erosions, although only 28.4% had erosions diagnosed by a dentist. Of women with EDs, 61.4% failed to disclose their condition. High dental fear did not affect willingness to disclose the ED. We conclude that dentists should examine ED patients carefully for dental erosions. Moreover, they should realize that most ED patients avoid disclosing their disorder and that dental fear further complicates dental treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiril Willumsen
- Institute of Clinical Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Doll HA, Petersen SE, Stewart-Brown SL. Eating disorders and emotional and physical well-being: associations between student self-reports of eating disorders and quality of life as measured by the SF-36. Qual Life Res 2005; 14:705-17. [PMID: 16022064 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-004-0792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in subjects with eating disorders in terms of eating disorder type and in relation to self-reports of longstanding illness, depression and self-harming behaviours. METHOD Data on eating disorder history, SF-36 health status, longstanding illness, and self-reported frequencies of depression, self-harming behaviour, and suicidal thoughts or acts were collected during 1996 as part of a UK postal survey of students' health. Completed questionnaires were returned by 1439 of 3750 students (response rate 42%). RESULTS Eighty-three respondents (5.8%; 8.9% of females) reported a probable eating disorder history: 54 (3.8%) bulimia nervosa, 22 (1.6%) binge eating disorder, and 7 (0.5%) anorexia nervosa. Eating disorder subjects reported more impairment in SF-36 emotional than physical well-being, with significantly lower mental (p < 0.001) but not physical (p = 0.21) component summary scores. This was most evident in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder subjects. Anorexia nervosa subjects reported fewer SF-36 emotional limitations although they were significantly more likely to report depression, self-harming behaviour, and suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION An eating disorder history is accompanied by HRQoL impairment primarily in emotional well-being. Anorexia nervosa subjects perceive fewer limitations than subjects with other eating disorders. While this is consistent with previous reports of better SF-36 emotional well-being in those with restrictive eating behaviours, it may also suggest that the SF-36 is insensitive to emotional distress in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Doll
- Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
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Szumska I, Túry F, Csoboth CT, Réthelyi J, Purebl G, Hajnal Á. The prevalence of eating disorders and weight-control methods among young women: a Hungarian representative study. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Papelbaum M, Appolinário JC, Moreira RDO, Ellinger VCM, Kupfer R, Coutinho WF. Prevalence of eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity in a clinical sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2005; 27:135-8. [PMID: 15962139 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462005000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few studies have shown high rates of eating disorders and psychiatric morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE Disturbed eating behavior and psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of T2DM patients. METHODS Seventy type 2 diabetes mellitus patients between 40 and 65 years of age (mean, 52.9 +/- 6.8) from a diabetes outpatient clinic were sequentially evaluated. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Binge Eating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess eating disorders and other psychiatric comorbidity. In addition to the descriptive analysis of the data, we compared groups divided based on the presence of obesity (evaluated by the body mass index) or an eating disorder. RESULTS Twenty percent of the sample displayed an eating disorder. Binge eating disorder was the predominant eating disorder diagnosis (10%). Overall, the group of obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented rates of psychiatric comorbidity comparable to those seen in their nonobese counterparts. However, the presence of an eating disorder was associated with a significant increase in the frequency of anxiety disorders (57.1% x 28.6%; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS In our study sample, the occurrence of eating disorders was increased compared to rates observed in the general population, with the predominance of binge eating disorder. The presence of an eating disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was associated with higher rates of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Papelbaum
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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Weltzin TE, Weisensel N, Franczyk D, Burnett K, Klitz C, Bean P. Eating disorders in men: update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ghaderi A, Mårtensson M, Schwan H. "Everybody's Different": a primary prevention program among fifth grade school children. Eat Disord 2005; 13:245-59. [PMID: 16864531 DOI: 10.1080/10640260590932869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of the primary prevention program "Everybody's Different" among fifth grade school children. Pre and post measurements were made in both the intervention and control groups regarding body image, weight concern, emotional well-being, attitudes and behaviors associated with disordered eating, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The study did not result in any significant improvements regarding self-esteem, eating attitudes, or body image. The prevention program does not seem to be effective for children in grade five in its present form. Further research on and development of primary prevention programs is needed.
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Tölgyes T, Nemessury J. Epidemiological studies on adverse dieting behaviours and eating disorders among young people in Hungary. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39:647-54. [PMID: 15300375 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-004-0783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most results on the prevalence rates of eating disorders and related adverse dieting attitudes have been published in North America and Western Europe and there have been only a few pioneering surveys conducted in Central and Eastern Europe in this domain. The authors investigated the prevalence rates for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related adverse dieting attitudes and eating behaviours among secondary school and college students in Budapest and Pécs in the second half of the 1990s. METHODS In the process of a two-stage study, a series of internationally approved tests were carried out as a screening examination and a semi-structured diagnostic interview was conducted. These techniques were also applied in a comparative study of a class of secondary school ballet students. RESULTS Of the overall female sample, 3% revealed an anorexic disposition, but no actual cases of anorexia were detected; 25% of the ballet students corresponded to the criteria of simulated anorexia. In addition, 4.5% of the females and 0.8% of the males were classified as subclinical bulimics, whereas 3.6% of the females and 0.4% of the males could be listed in the category of simulated bulimia nervosa. The prevalence rate of bulimia nervosa defined by DSM-IV, which could be proved by the diagnostic interview, was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS Body ideal of thinness in young women has a significant effect on their self-esteem. The prevalence rate of adverse eating behaviours and bulimia nervosa in Hungary has been found to be similar to the scores published in the Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tölgyes
- Semmelweis University of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Balassa u. 6, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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Mond JM, Rodgers B, Hay PJ, Owen C, Beumont PJV. Nonresponse bias in a general population survey of eating-disordered behavior. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 36:89-98. [PMID: 15185277 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate nonresponse bias in a two-phase epidemiologic study of eating-disordered behavior. METHOD Self-report questionnaires were delivered to a community sample of women aged 18-45 drawn from the electoral roll. Follow-up interviews were completed with a subgroup of respondents. Eating disorder psychopathology, general physical and mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics were compared among early (n = 259) and late (n = 71) respondents at the first phase of the study and among individuals with whom interviews were completed (n = 208) and individuals declining to be interviewed (n = 63) at the second phase. RESULTS With respect to levels of eating disorder psychopathology, and on all other measures, individuals who responded at the first phase of the study only after repeated reminders did not differ from those who responded to the initial mailout, and individuals who declined to be interviewed did not differ from individuals with whom interviews were completed. CONCLUSIONS Nonresponse bias among individuals declining to be interviewed is unlikely to pose a problem in two-phase epidemiologic studies of eating disorders. Further research is needed to examine the characteristics of nonrespondents at the first phase of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Mond
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
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Milos G, Spindler A, Schnyder U, Martz J, Hoek HW, Willi J. Incidence of severe anorexia nervosa in Switzerland: 40 years of development. Int J Eat Disord 2004; 35:250-8. [PMID: 15048940 DOI: 10.1002/eat.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined the development of the incidence of severe anorexia nervosa with five sampling periods covering the years 1956-1995 in a geographically defined region of Switzerland. METHOD Applying the same methodology as in the earlier sampling periods, the medical records of all hospitals of the canton of Zurich were screened manually for first-time hospitalizations of female anorexia nervosa patients during the years 1993-1995. Incidence rates were compared with the previous sampling period (1956-1985). RESULTS The incidence rate of severe anorexia nervosa in the total population and the rate in the population at risk (females 12-25 years old) did not differ significantly from the incidence rates of 1983-1985. DISCUSSION The incidence of severe anorexia nervosa in the canton of Zurich rose significantly during the 1960s and 1970s. Since then, the incidence appears to have reached a plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Milos
- Psychiatric Outpatients Department, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Kjelsås E, Børsting I, Gudde CB. Antecedents and consequences of binge eating episodes in women with an eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2004; 9:7-15. [PMID: 15185828 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore antecedents and sequelae of binge eating episodes. A sample of eating disorders (n = 154 women) was selected from a total of 1849 female respondents (out of 2500) recruited as part of a general population-based survey. Included participants met DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) based on the Survey for Eating Disorders (SEDs). Preliminary criteria for binge eating disorder (BED) were added. Results indicated that the most frequently reported antecedents and consequences of binge eating were emotional and physiological factors. There were significant differences between the different ED subgroups in their frequency of binge eating episodes. Regarding antecedents of a binge eating episode, the SEDs-defined ED subgroups had overall differences in frequency on "stomach feeling". In particular, the BN-group reported "euphoria" more frequently than the BED and EDNOS-groups. Concerning consequences of a binge eating episode, there were overall differences between the ED subgroups on "fall asleep", and in addition a borderline significance was found for "disturbed by others" (p = 0.059). None of the eight women in the AN group reported "euphoria" as a factor that terminated a binge eating episode. The findings may have important implications with regard to prevention and treatment of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kjelsås
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Kjelsås E, Bjørnstrøm C, Götestam KG. Prevalence of eating disorders in female and male adolescents (14-15 years). Eat Behav 2004; 5:13-25. [PMID: 15000950 DOI: 10.1016/s1471-0153(03)00057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of the present study is to establish the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in adolescents of both genders. To our knowledge, such data have not previously been published using both DSM-IV and DSM-III-R criteria. METHOD The study sample consisted of 1960 adolescents (1026 girls and 934 boys), 14-15 years of age. The participants completed the Survey for Eating Disorders (SEDs), including DSM-III-R and DSM-IV diagnoses for all subcategories of ED. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of any ED among girls was 17.9% anorexia nervosa (AN) 0.7%, bulimia nervosa (BN) 1.2%, binge eating disorder (BED) 1.5%, and EDs not otherwise specified (EDNOS) 14.6%. Corresponding numbers for boys for any ED is 6.5%, AN 0.2%, BN 0.4%, BED 0.9%, and EDNOS 5.0%. DISCUSSION Our prevalence rates on AN, BN, and BED largely support previous school/community-based studies, while our figures on EDNOS were rather high. Generally, we found high numbers for boys with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Kjelsås
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), MTFS, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway.
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Sundgot-Borgen J, Torstveit MK. Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clin J Sport Med 2004; 14:25-32. [PMID: 14712163 DOI: 10.1097/00042752-200401000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of the study were to examine the prevalence of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia athletica (AA), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (ED-NOS) in both male and female Norwegian elite athletes and a representative sample from the general Norwegian population. DESIGN A 2-step study including self-reported questionnaire and clinical interview. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The entire population of Norwegian male and female elite athletes (n=1620) and controls (n=1696) was evaluated for the presence of eating disorders (EDs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Based on the results of the questionnaire, all athletes and controls classified as at risk for EDs, and a representative sample of athletes and controls classified as healthy participated in the clinical part of the study to determine the number of subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for EDs. RESULTS More athletes (13.5%) than controls (4.6%; P<0.001) had subclinical or clinical EDs. The prevalence of EDs among male athletes was greater in antigravitation sports (22%) than in ball game (5%) and endurance sports (9%; P<0.05). The prevalence of EDs among female athletes competing in aesthetic sports (42%) was higher than that observed in endurance (24%), technical (17%), and ball game sports (16%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of EDs is higher in athletes than in controls, higher in female athletes than in male athletes, and more common among those competing in leanness-dependent and weight-dependent sports than in other sports. A collaborative effort among coaches, athletic trainers, parents, physicians, and athletes is optimal for recognizing, preventing, and treating EDs in athletes.
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Becker AE, Burwell RA, Navara K, Gilman SE. Binge eating and binge eating disorder in a small-scale, indigenous society: the view from Fiji. Int J Eat Disord 2003; 34:423-31. [PMID: 14566929 DOI: 10.1002/eat.10225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the cross-cultural prevalence of anorexia and bulimia nervosa has been investigated in multiple studies, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of binge eating and binge eating disorder (BED) cross-culturally. No published studies to date have explored BED in small-scale, indigenous, or developing societies. The current study investigated the prevalence and correlates of binge eating in a community sample of Fijian women living in rural Fiji. METHODS Fifty ethnic Fijian women completed a self-report measure developed for this study on dieting and attitudes toward body shape and change, a Nadroga-language questionnaire on body image, and the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R). Their height and weight were also measured. Patterns of dieting, high body mass index (BMI), and attitudes toward eating and body image were compared between women with and without a history of binge eating. RESULTS Ten percent of respondents reported at least weekly episodes of binge eating during the past 6 months and 4% endorsed symptoms consistent with BED. Binge eating in this sample was associated significantly with a BMI value above 35, a history of dieting, and a high concern with body shape. Binge eating was not associated with several markers of acculturation in this sample, although it was associated with a key, nontraditionally Fijian (i.e., acculturated) attitude toward the body. DISCUSSION Binge eating occurred in a social context with traditions concerning weight and diet widely disparate from Western populations. However, correlates of binge eating in this sample suggest that nontraditional Fijian attitudes toward weight and body shape play a contributory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Becker
- Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two different questionnaires for screening of eating disorders (ED) in males; the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) and the Survey for Eating Disorders (SEDs). The study sample consisted of 1196 Norwegian males serving as compulsory military recruits (mean age 19.9, SD = 1.4). The best predictors for having a SEDs-based diagnosis of ED were the EDI scales Drive for thinness (D7), bulimia (B), ineffectiveness (I) and interpersonal awareness (IA). When we classified men with an EDI sum score of 40 or higher as having an ED, the sensitivity was 47% and the specificity was 91%, compared to the SEDs diagnosis of ED. Our results suggest modest agreement between the ability of the EDI and that of the SEDs to identify men with ED. Our results indicate the need of further studies including clinical samples to validate the EDI against the SEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kjelsås
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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