1
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Yang C, Li Z, Xu J. Single crystals and two‐dimensional crystalline assemblies of block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Zi‐Xian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jun‐Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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2
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Cendra C, Balhorn L, Zhang W, O’Hara K, Bruening K, Tassone CJ, Steinrück HG, Liang M, Toney MF, McCulloch I, Chabinyc ML, Salleo A, Takacs CJ. Unraveling the Unconventional Order of a High-Mobility Indacenodithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Copolymer. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1306-1314. [PMID: 35549036 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers found to produce high charge carrier mobilities competitive with amorphous silicon (>1 cm2 V-1 s-1) exhibit the puzzling microstructure of substantial local order, however lacking long-range order and crystallinity previously deemed necessary for achieving high mobility. Here, we demonstrate the application of low-dose transmission electron microscopy to image and quantify the nanoscale and mesoscale organization of an archetypal D-A copolymer across areas comparable to electronic devices (≈9 μm2). The local structure is spatially resolved by mapping the backbone (001) spacing reflection, revealing nanocrystallites of aligned polymer chains throughout nearly the entire film. Analysis of the nanoscale structure of its ordered domains suggests significant short- and medium-range order and preferential grain boundary orientations. Moreover, we provide insights into the rich, interconnected mesoscale organization of this new family of D-A copolymers by analysis of the local orientational spatial autocorrelations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cendra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Luke Balhorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathryn O’Hara
- Materials Department, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Karsten Bruening
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher J. Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mengning Liang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering Division KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Materials Department, University of California—Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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3
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Wang W, Wu JZ, Wang J, Chen Q, Yao YF. Annealing To Induce Formation of Defects in Polyether/Li + Complex Crystals – A Way To Significantly Enhance the Crystalline Segmental Mobility. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Ze Wu
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Physics Department & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road 3663, 200062 Shanghai, P. R. China
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4
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Farshadinia A, Kolahdoozan M. A new porous copolymer electrocatalyst: the optimal synthesis, characterization, and application for the measurement of amoxicillin. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Electrospinning of food-grade nanofibres from whey protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:764-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Abbasi F. A comprehensive review on polymer single crystals—From fundamental concepts to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Love JA, Nagao I, Huang Y, Kuik M, Gupta V, Takacs CJ, Coughlin JE, Qi L, van der Poll TS, Kramer EJ, Heeger AJ, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC. Silaindacenodithiophene-Based Molecular Donor: Morphological Features and Use in the Fabrication of Compositionally Tolerant, High-Efficiency Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3597-606. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412473p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Love
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ikuhiro Nagao
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ye Huang
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Martijn Kuik
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Vinay Gupta
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Organic
and Hybrid Solar Cell Group, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jessica E. Coughlin
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Li Qi
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thomas S. van der Poll
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edward J. Kramer
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alan J. Heeger
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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8
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Shtukenberg AG, Punin YO, Gujral A, Kahr B. Wachstumsinduziertes Biegen und Verwinden von Einkristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Shtukenberg AG, Punin YO, Gujral A, Kahr B. Growth actuated bending and twisting of single crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:672-99. [PMID: 24382661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of a variety of substances including elements, minerals, simple salts, organic molecular crystals, and high polymers forgo long-range translational order by twisting and bending as they grow. These deviations have been observed in crystals ranging in size from nanometers to centimeters. How and why so many materials choose dramatic non-crystallographic distortions is analyzed, with an emphasis on crystal chemistries that give rise to stresses operating either on surfaces of crystallites or within the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York City, NY 10003 (USA).
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10
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Takacs CJ, Treat ND, Krämer S, Chen Z, Facchetti A, Chabinyc ML, Heeger AJ. Remarkable order of a high-performance polymer. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2522-7. [PMID: 23647319 DOI: 10.1021/nl4005805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We directly image the rich nanoscale organization of the high performance, n-type polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) using a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. We demonstrate that it is possible to spatially resolve "face-on" lamella through the 2.4 nm alkyl stacking distance corresponding to the (100) reflection. The lamella locally transition between ordered and disordered states over a length scale on the order of 10 nm; however, the polymer backbones retain long-range correlations over length-scales approaching a micrometer. Moreover, we frequently observe overlapping structure implying a number of layers may exist throughout the thickness of the film (~20 nm). The results provide a simple picture, a highly ordered lamella nanostructure over nearly the entire film and ordered domains with overlapping layers providing additional interconnectivity, which unifies prior seemingly contradictory conclusions surrounding this remarkable, high-mobility material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Takacs
- Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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11
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Biniek L, Leclerc N, Heiser T, Bechara R, Brinkmann M. Large Scale Alignment and Charge Transport Anisotropy of pBTTT Films Oriented by High Temperature Rubbing. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Biniek
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés
pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé,
UMR 7515, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087
Strasbourg Cedex2, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube, Département
ESSP, CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Rony Bechara
- Laboratoire ICube, Département
ESSP, CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue
du Loess, Strasbourg 67034, France
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12
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Martin DC, Wu J, Shaw CM, King Z, Spanninga SA, Richardson-Burns S, Hendricks J, Yang J. The Morphology of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene). POLYM REV 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2010.495440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Bao Q, Li J, Li CM, Dong ZL, Lu Z, Qin F, Gong C, Guo J. Direct Observation and Analysis of Annealing-Induced Microstructure at Interface and Its Effect on Performance Improvement of Organic Thin Film Transistors. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12270-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804988h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoliang Bao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chang Ming Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li Dong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhisong Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Qin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Cheng Gong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Bionanosystems, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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15
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Drummy LF, Koerner H, Farmer K, Tan A, Farmer BL, Vaia RA. High-resolution electron microscopy of montmorillonite and montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:17868-78. [PMID: 16853292 DOI: 10.1021/jp053133l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the use of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy the structure and morphology of montmorillonite (MMT), a material of current interest for use in polymer nanocomposites, was characterized. Using both imaging theory and experiment, the procedures needed to generate lattice images from MMT were established. These procedures involve careful control of the microscope's objective lens defocus to maximize contrast from features of a certain size, as well as limiting the total dose of electrons received by the sample. Direct images of the MMT lattice were obtained from neat Na+ MMT, organically modified MMT, and organically modified MMT/epoxy nanocomposites. The degree of crystallinity and turbostratic disorder were characterized using electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). Also, the extent of the MMT sheets to bend when processed into an epoxy matrix was directly visualized. A minimum radius of curvature tolerable for a single MMT sheet during bending deformation was estimated to be 15 nm, and from this value a critical failure strain of 0.033 was calculated. HREM can be used to improve the understanding of the structure of polymer nanocomposites at the nanometer-length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence F Drummy
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
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Martin DC, Chen J, Yang J, Drummy LF, Kübel C. High resolution electron microscopy of ordered polymers and organic molecular crystals: Recent developments and future possibilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Drummy LF, Yang J, Martin DC. Low-voltage electron microscopy of polymer and organic molecular thin films. Ultramicroscopy 2004; 99:247-56. [PMID: 15149719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 01/10/2004] [Accepted: 01/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the capabilities of a novel low-voltage electron microscope (LVEM) for imaging polymer and organic molecular thin films. The LVEM can operate in transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron diffraction modes. The microscope operates at a nominal accelerating voltage of 5 kV and fits on a tabletop. A detailed discussion of the electron-sample interaction processes is presented, and the mean free path for total electron scattering was calculated to be 15 nm for organic samples at 5 kV. The total end point dose for the destruction of crystallinity at 5 kV was estimated at 5 x 10(-4) and 3.5 x 10(-2) C/cm2 for polyethylene and pentacene, respectively. These values are significantly lower than those measured at voltages greater than 100 kV. A defocus series of colloidal gold particles allowed us to estimate the experimental contrast transfer function of the microscope. Images taken of several organic materials have shown high contrast for low atomic number elements and a resolution of 2.5 nm. The materials studied here include thin films of the organic semiconductor pentacene, triblock copolymer films, single-molecule dendrimers, electrospun polymer fibers and gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence F Drummy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2022 H.H. Dow Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
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González-Ronda L, Martin DC. Lattice Bending in Electrooptically Active Poly(nonylbithiazole) and Poly(nonylbisoxazole). Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lebzylisbeth González-Ronda
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136
| | - David C. Martin
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136
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Kübel C, Mio MJ, Moore JS, Martin DC. Molecular packing and morphology of oligo(m-phenylene ethynylene) foldamers. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8605-10. [PMID: 12121102 DOI: 10.1021/ja0204022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling solid-state morphologies and molecular conformations is the key to optimizing the properties of materials. As an example for the influence of small chemical changes on solid-state structures, we studied oligo(m-phenylene ethynylene) foldamers, where the introduction of an endo-methyl group induces a transition from an extended all-transoid to a helical all-cisoid conformation. The resulting structural changes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and low-dose high-resolution electron microscopy (LD-HREM) over several length scales from the molecular to the mesoscopic level. The strong tendency of the endo-methyl oligomer 1 to form stable compact helices in solution resulted in round droplets with an ordered hexagonal columnar (Col(ho)) liquid crystalline structure, where shrinkage during the crystallization resulted in the formation of a banded texture. On the other hand, the endo-hydrogen oligomer 2 exhibited a very different morphology; its extended linear shape was maintained during crystallization and resulted in an extended lamellar structure, which was determined by a compromise between crystalline packing and minimization of the surface area. Another pronounced difference between both molecular structures was the ability of the extended lamellar "crystals" to bend, whereas the helices form either straight or disordered domains. In addition, both materials exhibit strong surface effects, which extend considerably inside the droplet and induce uniform bending of the supramolecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kübel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, 2022 H. H. Dow Building, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-2136, USA.
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Kübel C, Lawrence DP, Martin DC. Super-Helically Twisted Strands of Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (MPDI). Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011016s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kübel
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Michigan, 2541 Chemistry Building, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Michigan, 2541 Chemistry Building, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David C. Martin
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Michigan, 2541 Chemistry Building, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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21
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Drummy LF, Voigt-Martin I, Martin DC. Analysis of Displacement Fields near Dislocation Cores in Ordered Polymers. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence F. Drummy
- Materials Science and Engineering and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and the Institute for Physical Chemistry, The University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid Voigt-Martin
- Materials Science and Engineering and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and the Institute for Physical Chemistry, The University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - David C. Martin
- Materials Science and Engineering and the Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, and the Institute for Physical Chemistry, The University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Kübel C, Martin DC. Influence of structural variations on high-resolution electron microscopy images of poly[1,6-di(N-carbazolyl)2,4-hexadiyne] nanocrystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/01418610010009388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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