1
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Yoshimura A, Kimura H, Kagawa K, Yoshioka M, Itou T, Vasu D, Shirahata T, Yorimitsu H, Misaki Y. Synthesis and properties of tetrathiafulvalenes bearing 6-aryl-1,4-dithiafulvenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:974-981. [PMID: 32509028 PMCID: PMC7237811 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel multistage redox tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) bearing 6-aryl-1,4-dithiafulvene moieties were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed direct C–H arylation. In the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2, P(t-Bu3)·HBF4, and an excess of Cs2CO3, the C–H arylation of TTF with several aryl bromides bearing 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenes took place efficiently to produce the corresponding π-conjugated molecules. We also succeeded in the estimation of the oxidation potentials and number of electrons involved in each oxidation step of the obtained compounds by digital simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshimura
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, and Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kimura
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Kagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mayuka Yoshioka
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itou
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Dhananjayan Vasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Shirahata
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, and Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.,Research Unit for Power Generation and Storage Materials, and Research Unit for Development of Organic Superconductors, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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2
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Otsuka S, Yorimitsu H. Synthesis of 4-aryl- and 4-acyl-1,3-dithiole-2-thiones via deprotonative zincation of 1,3-dithiole-2-thione. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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3
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Singh R, Naidu GS, Ghosh SK. Synthesis of Stable Tri- and Tetra-Substituted [3]Dendralenes with an Allylsilane as Integral Component. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-016-0300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Naidu GS, Singh R, Kumar M, Ghosh SK. Synthesis of highly functionalized [3]dendralenes and their Diels–Alder reactions displaying unexpected regioselectivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01729k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential olefinations were applied for the synthesis of acyclic tetrasubstituted [3]dendralenes, which did not cyclodimerize and displayed unusual regioselectivity in the Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonna Somu Naidu
- Bio-Organic Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Rekha Singh
- Bio-Organic Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
| | - Sunil K. Ghosh
- Bio-Organic Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400085
- India
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5
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Hasegawa M, Watanabe M, Misaki Y. Synthesis, Structures and Properties of [n]Dendralenes Substituted with Electron-Donating Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Bruce MI, Skelton BW, Zaitseva NN. A Ruthenated [3]Dendralene from Phenylethyne and an η3-Butadienyl–Ruthenium Complex. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300366g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I. Bruce
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and
Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Natasha N. Zaitseva
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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7
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Hu L, Qin J, Zhu RM, Li YZ, Zuo JL, You XZ. Syntheses, Characterization, and Properties of Functionalized 9,10-Bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene Derivatives and Tricarbonylrhenium(I) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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van Walree CA, van Lenthe JH, van der Wiel BC. On the UV spectrum of cross-conjugated 2,3-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Hopf H, Sherburn MS. Dendralene auf dem Vormarsch: kreuzkonjugierte Oligoene ermöglichen den schnellen Aufbau molekularer Komplexität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Hopf H, Sherburn MS. Dendralenes Branch Out: Cross-Conjugated Oligoenes Allow the Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2298-338. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Toombs-Ruane H, Osinski N, Fallon T, Wills C, Willis AC, Paddon-Row MN, Sherburn MS. Synthesis and applications of tricarbonyliron complexes of dendralenes. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:3243-50. [PMID: 21976394 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
[3]Dendralene and [4]dendralene are converted smoothly into tricarbonyliron complexes. The structures of four complexes analyzed by DFT and single-crystal X-ray analysis show that, in contrast to free hydrocarbons, complexed dendralenes prefer a roughly in-plane conformation. The complexes are stable towards Fe(CO)(3) group migration up to 150 °C. The synthetic value of Fe(CO)(3) complexation in the dendralene series is demonstrated through a variety of selective synthetic manipulations (Diels-Alder reaction, dipolar cycloaddition, Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation, dihydroxylation, olefin cross metathesis) that are not achievable by direct transformation of the free hydrocarbons. Application to the synthesis of a previously unreported, highly reactive linear/cross-conjugated hydrocarbon is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Toombs-Ruane
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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12
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Ripaud E, Leriche P, Cocherel N, Cauchy T, Frère P, Roncali J. Tristhienylphenylamine – extended dithiafulvene hybrids as bifunctional electroactive species. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1034-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ripaud
- University of Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
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13
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Shoji T, Higashi J, Ito S, Morita N. Synthesis, Properties, and Redox Behavior of Ferrocene‐Substituted Bis(3‐methylthio‐1‐azulenyl)methylium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty School of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390‐8621, Japan, Fax: +81‐263‐37‐2476
| | - Junya Higashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578, Japan
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036‐8561, Japan
| | - Noboru Morita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980‐8578, Japan
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14
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Kanibolotsky AL, Forgie JC, McEntee GJ, Talpur MMA, Skabara PJ, Westgate TDJ, McDouall JJW, Auinger M, Coles SJ, Hursthouse MB. Controlling the conformational changes in donor-acceptor [4]-dendralenes through intramolecular charge-transfer processes. Chemistry 2010; 15:11581-93. [PMID: 19760710 PMCID: PMC3784042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two [4]-dendralene compounds incorporating thiophene-(p-nitrophenyl) donor-acceptor units is presented. The dendralenes adopt two different conformers in solution and solid state and the transformation between the structures can be controlled by light and heat. The electron-donating components of the dendralenes are represented by bromothienyl (in 13) and ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)-thienyl (in 15) end-groups. The most facile transformation involves the isomerisation of donor-acceptor conjugated systems (a conformers) into structures in which only the thiophenes are conjugated (b conformers), and this process is driven by ambient light. The structures of the two conformers of compound 13 are confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and the structural changes in both compounds have been monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy and absorption studies. The transformations were found to be first-order processes with rate constants of k=0.0027 s(-1) and k=0.00022 s(-1) for 13 and 15, respectively. Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level give credence to the proposed mechanism for the a-->b conversion, which involves photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) as the key step. The EDOT derivative (15) can be polymerised by electrochemical oxidation and a combination of cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis spectroelectrochemical experiments indicate that the a conformer can be trapped and stabilised in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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15
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Ba F, Robin-Le Guen F, Cabon N, Le Poul P, Golhen S, Le Poul N, Caro B. Ferrocenyl and pyridyl methylenepyrans as potential precursors of organometallic electron-rich extended bipyrans: Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Pilzak G, van Gruijthuijsen K, van Doorn R, van Lagen B, Sudhölter E, Zuilhof H. Hybrid Conjugated Organic Oligomers Consisting of Oligodiacetylene and Thiophene Units: Synthesis and Optical Properties. Chemistry 2009; 15:9085-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Ba F, Cabon N, Robin-Le Guen F, Le Poul P, Le Poul N, Le Mest Y, Golhen S, Caro B. Diferrocenylbispyrylium Salts and Electron-Rich Diferrocenylbispyran from Oxidative Coupling of Ferrocenylpyran. Induced Electron Transfer C−C Bond Making/Breaking Involving a Metallocenyl Radical Intermediate. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800638q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Ba
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nolwenn Cabon
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Françoise Robin-Le Guen
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Pascal Le Poul
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Yves Le Mest
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Stéphane Golhen
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Bertrand Caro
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, IUT Lannion, B.P. 30219, Rue E. Branly, 22302 Lannion, France, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
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18
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Pilzak G, van Lagen B, Hendrikx C, Sudhölter E, Zuilhof H. Synthesis and Optical Properties of all-trans-Oligodiacetylenes. Chemistry 2008; 14:7939-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Shimizu M, Kurahashi T, Shimono K, Tanaka K, Nagao I, Kiyomoto SI, Hiyama T. Facile Synthesis and Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2,3-Bis(pinacolatoboryl)-1,3-butadiene. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:1400-8. [PMID: 17828718 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 1,1-bis(pinacolatoboryl)ethene with an excess of 1-bromo-1-lithioethene gave 2,3-bis(pinacolatoboryl)-1,3-butadiene in high yield. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of the resulting diborylbutadiene with aryl iodides took place smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 and aqueous KOH to give 2,3-diaryl-1,3-butadienes in good yields. The coupling reaction with commercially available 4-acetoxyphenylmethyl chloride under the same conditions followed by hydrolysis of the acetyl groups gave anolignan B in a one-pot manner. A variety of [3]- to [6]dendralenes were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling of the diene or 1,1-bis(pinacolato)borylethene with alkenyl or dienyl halides, respectively, in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimizu
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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20
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van Walree CA, van der Wiel BC, Jenneskens LW, Lutz M, Spek AL, Havenith RWA, van Lenthe JH. On the Structure of Cross-Conjugated 2,3-Diphenylbutadiene. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Ortiz RP, Osuna RM, Hernandez V, Navarrete JTL, Vercelli B, Zotti G, Sumerin VV, Balenkova ES, Nenajdenko VG. Push-pull bithienyl chromophore with an unusual transverse path of conjugation. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:841-51. [PMID: 17266224 DOI: 10.1021/jp0666176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of a novel cross-conjugated 10H-bisthienodithiocin-10-dicyanoethylene are reported. The X-ray single-crystal structure of the compound reveals a nonplanar conformation. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the compound show a great resemblance, which is a spectroscopic observation common to many push-pull systems. The UV-vis spectrum in CHCl3 displays a strong absorption at 370 nm accompanied by a shoulder at 430 nm so that the optical gap is 2.88 eV. On the other hand, the electrochemical gap amounts to 2.38 V. DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations, at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, have been also performed to (i) determine the minimum-energy molecular structure, (ii) gain knowledge about the equilibrium atomic charges distribution, the topologies, and absolute energies of the frontier molecular orbitals around the gap and about the molecular vibrations which give rise to the most outstanding Raman bands experimentally evidenced, and (iii) to analyze the nature of the vertical one-electron excitations associated to the strongest UV-vis absorptions.
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22
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Christensen CA, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR. Thiolated π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes: Versatile Multifunctional π-Systems. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1301-8. [PMID: 17249732 DOI: 10.1021/jo062199p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (ex-TTF) have been synthesized by a new synthetic methodology, viz., direct phosphite-mediated cross-couplings of anthraquinone with 1,3-dithiole-2-thione derivatives. These ex-TTFs bear one, two, or four cyanoethyl-protected thiol groups on the dithiole rings. Deprotection (NaOMe, MeOH, DMF, 20 degrees C) and trapping of the transient thiolates with electrophiles have afforded the new ex-TTF trimer 19, dimeric cyclophanes 22 and 25, the tetrakis(hydroxyethylthio) derivative 23, and the strained cyclophane 24. Solution redox properties have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. For compounds 19, 22, and 25 each ex-TTF unit behaves as an independent 2-electron redox system giving rise to a single, quasi-reversible 6-, 4-, and 4-electron wave, respectively. The Eox value for 24 (0 --> 2+ wave) is positively shifted by 290 mV compared to that of its precursor 15 due to the short bridge in 24 obstructing the conformational change which accompanies oxidation. X-ray crystal structures of 23.2.5MeOH, 23.1.5MeCN, 24.CH2Cl2, and 24.1.5CH2Cl2 show the saddle-shape folding (typical of ex-TTF derivatives), which in 24 is enhanced by the pentamethylene chain bridging the dithiole units. Both solvates of 23 show an unprecedented crystal packing motif due to hydrogen bonding.
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23
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Gholami M, Tykwinski RR. Oligomeric and Polymeric Systems with a Cross-conjugated π-Framework. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4997-5027. [PMID: 17165681 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Gholami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
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24
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Amriou S, Perepichka IF, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR, Rovira C, Vidal-Gancedo J. Remarkable Interplay of Redox States and Conformational Changes in a Sterically Crowded, Cross-Conjugated Tetrathiafulvalene Vinylog. Chemistry 2006; 12:5481-94. [PMID: 16718729 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of 9-[2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)ethylidene]thioxanthene have been synthesized using Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions of (1,3-dithiol-2-yl)phosphonate reagents with thioxanthen-9-ylidene-acetaldehyde (5). Further reactions lead to the sterically crowded cross-conjugated "vinylogous tetrathiafulvalene" derivative 9-[2,3-bis-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-propylidene]thioxanthene (10). X-ray crystallography, solution electrochemistry, optical spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemistry, and simultaneous electrochemistry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, combined with theoretical calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level, elucidate the interplay of the electronic and structural properties in these molecules. For compound 10, multistage redox behavior is observed: the overall electrochemical process can be represented by 10-->10(.+)-->10(2+)-->10(4+) with good reversibility for the 10-->10(.+)-->10(2+) transformations. At the tetracation stage there is the maximum gain in aromaticity at the dithiolium and thioxanthenium rings. Theory predicts that for 10, 10(.+), and 10(2+) the trans isomers are more stable than the cis isomers (by ca. 2-18 kJ mol(-1)), whereas for 10(4+) the cis isomer becomes more stable than the trans isomer (by ca. 25 kJ mol(-1)) [trans and cis refer to the arrangement of the two dithiole moieties with respect to the central ==C(R)--C(H)== fragment]. These data explain the detection in cyclic voltammograms of both trans and cis isomers of 10 and 10(.+) during the reduction of 10(4+) at fast scan rates (>100 mV s(-1)) when the cis-trans isomerization is not completed within the timescale of the experiment. The X-ray structure of the charge-transfer complex (CTC) of 10 with 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorene-9-dicyanomethylenefluorene (DTeF) [stoichiometry: 10(.+)(DTeF)(2) (.-)2 PhCl] reveals a twisted conformation of 10(.+) (driven by the bulky thioxanthene moiety) and provides a very rare example of segregated stacking of a fluorene acceptor in a CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Amriou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Electronics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Yamamoto T, Yasuda T, Kobayashi K, Yamaguchi I, Koizumi TA, Ishii D, Nakagawa M, Mashiko Y, Shimizu N. Utilization of Industrially Available 2,3-Dichloro-1,3-butadiene for Direct Synthesis of 2,3-Diaryl-1,3-butadienes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Berridge R, Skabara PJ, Andreu R, Garín J, Orduna J, Torra M. Probing the conformational changes upon oxidation in cross-conjugated architectures featuring vinylogous TTF units. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sarhan AEWA. Synthesis and applications of tetrathiafulvalenes and ferrocene-tetrathiafulvalenes and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nielsen MB, Petersen JC, Thorup N, Jessing M, Andersson AS, Jepsen AS, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Gross M. Acetylenic dithiafulvene derived donor–π–acceptor dyads: synthesis, electrochemistry and non-linear optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b504124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhao Y, Slepkov AD, Akoto CO, McDonald R, Hegmann FA, Tykwinski RR. Synthesis, Structure, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cross-Conjugated Perphenylatediso-Polydiacetylenes. Chemistry 2005; 11:321-9. [PMID: 15551312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse, cross-conjugated perphenylated iso-polydiacetylene (iso-PDA) oligomers, ranging from monomer 15 to pentadecamer 25, have been synthesized by using a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling protocol. Structural characteristics elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis demonstrate a non-planar backbone conformation for the oligomers due to the steric interactions between alkylidene phenyl groups. The electronic absorption spectra of the oligomers show a slight red-shift of the maximum absorption wavelength as the chain length increases from dimer 17 b to pentadecamer 25, a trend that has saturated by the stage of nonamer 22. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirms that the pendent phenyl groups present on the oligomer framework enhance emission, and the relative emission intensity consistently increases as a function of chain length n. The molecular third-order nonlinearities, gamma, for this oligomer series have been measured via differential optical Kerr effect (DOKE) detection and show a superlinear increase as a function of the oligomer chain length n. Molecular modeling and spectroscopic studies suggest that iso-PDA oligomers (n>7) adopt a coiled, helical conformation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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Frère P, Skabara PJ. Salts of extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues: relationships between molecular structure, electrochemical properties and solid state organisation. Chem Soc Rev 2005; 34:69-98. [PMID: 15643491 DOI: 10.1039/b316392j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By considering the structures of many salts derived from extended TTF analogues, relationships between the molecular architecture of the donors with their electrochemical properties and their stacking mode in the salts are presented in this critical review. Three categories of donors corresponding to their extension modes have been considered. Firstly, for linearly extended TTFs the crucial role of the spacer in modifying the electrochemical properties and the packing mode in the salts is presented. Secondly, bidimentional extension of the donors obtained by linking several dithiafulvenyl units on a TTF core led to materials with increased dimensionality. Finally, the last class corresponds to the fusion, directly or across a benzene ring, of TTF frameworks. The former are the base of many salts with metallic behaviour. (148 references.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Frère
- Groupe Systemes Conjugues Lineaires, CIMMA, UMR-CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex France.
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Gorgues A, Hudhomme P, Sallé M. Highly Functionalized Tetrathiafulvalenes: Riding along the Synthetic Trail from Electrophilic Alkynes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:5151-84. [PMID: 15535646 DOI: 10.1021/cr0306485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gorgues
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, Université d'Angers, F-49045 Angers, France.
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Shimizu M, Tanaka K, Kurahashi T, Shimono K, Hiyama T. Facile Synthesis of Dendralenes Based on the Cross-coupling Reaction of 2,3-Bis(pinacolato)boryl-1,3-butadiene. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Barriga S, Marcos CF, Riant O, Torroba T. Synthesis of poly-ferrocene heterocycles by cycloaddition of mono- or bis(ferrocenecarbonyl)acetylenes and bis[1,2]dithiolo[1,4]thiazinethiones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhao Y, Campbell K, Tykwinski RR. Iterative synthesis and characterization of cross-conjugated iso-polydiacetylenes. J Org Chem 2002; 67:336-44. [PMID: 11798303 DOI: 10.1021/jo015810n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An iterative synthesis of cross-conjugated iso-polydiacetylenes (iso-PDAs) is reported based on three fundamental building blocks: vinyl triflates 8, 9, and 25. An efficient sequence of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of vinyl triflates and terminal alkynes has been employed to extend the chain length of these oligomers. The longest member of the series, nonamer 19, spans 3.4 nm from Si to Si atom. The stability and solubility of the conjugated oligomers have been evaluated as a function of pendant substitution. Assessment of solid-state structural properties was achieved via X-ray crystallographic analyses of monomer 12 and trimer 14. The electronic characteristics of the monodisperse oligomers have been fully analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy in solution and as thin films, and these studies suggest that pi-electron communication is present along the enyne framework, but quickly reaches saturation by the stage of nonamer 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Redox chemistry and functionalities of conjugated ferrocene systems. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0898-8838(02)53003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhao Y, Ciulei SC, Tykwinski RR. The effects of π-acceptor and π-donor substitution in cross-conjugated enynes. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fielder S, Rowan DD, Sherburn MS. Synthese der ersten Mitglieder der fundamentalen Kohlenwasserstoffklasse der Dendralene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001201)112:23<4501::aid-ange4501>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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