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Aslani S, Armstrong DW. Fast, sensitive LC-MS resolution of α -hydroxy acid biomarkers via SPP-teicoplanin and an alternative UV detection approach. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3007-3017. [PMID: 38565719 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of α -hydroxy acids is essential since specific enantiomers of these compounds can be used as disease biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, brain diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, etc., as well as in the food industry to ensure quality. HPLC methods were developed for the enantioselective separation of 11 α -hydroxy acids using a superficially porous particle-based teicoplanin (TeicoShell) chiral stationary phase. The retention behaviors observed for the hydroxy acids were HILIC, reversed phase, and ion-exclusion. While both mass spectrometry and UV spectroscopy detection methods could be used, specific mobile phases containing ammonium formate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, respectively, were necessary with each approach. The LC-MS mode was approximately two orders of magnitude more sensitive than UV detection. Mobile phase acidity and ionic strength significantly affected enantioresolution and enantioselectivity. Interestingly, higher ionic strength resulted in increased retention and enantioresolution. It was noticed that for formate-containing mobile phases, using acetonitrile as the organic modifier usually resulted in greater enantioresolution compared to methanol. However, sometimes using acetonitrile with high ammonium formate concentrations led to lengthy retention times which could be avoided by using methanol as the organic modifier. Additionally, the enantiomeric purities of single enantiomer standards were determined and it was shown that almost all standards contained some levels of enantiomeric impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Aslani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Kravchenko AV, Kolobova EA, Kechin AA, Kartsova LA. Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for determination of ketorolac enantiomers in human plasma using cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative as a chiral selector. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200601. [PMID: 36420913 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the separation of ketorolac enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis is presented. A cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative based on imidazole was synthesized and used as a chiral selector in the background electrolyte. The influence of pH and ionic strength of background electrolyte, as well as cationic β-cyclodextrin derivative concentration on the resolution of ketorolac enantiomers, was investigated. The highest value of the resolution for ketorolac enantiomers was 1.46 when the background electrolyte consisted of 25 mM NaH2 PO4 (pH 6.4) with 1 mM 1-butyl-3-β-cyclodextrinimidazolium tosylate. Additionally, the possibilities of cationic derivatives for the separation of ketoprofen enantiomers were shown (peak resolution 1.06). The two-step preconcentration mode was developed to reduce the limit of detection of individual enantiomers. The proposed approach was successfully applied to determine ketorolac enantiomers in tablet "Ketorol express" and human plasma. The calibration range of ketorolac enantiomers for plasma samples was 0.25-2.50 μg/ml with coefficients of determination ≥ 0.99. The relative standard deviation both of the peak area and migration time was less than 15%, as well as the accuracy ranged from 90.1% to 110.2% for both analytes. The limits of detection were 44 and 55 ng/ml for R- and S-ketorolac. The quantity of ketorolac in plasma was verified with high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Kravchenko
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kolobova
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,The Federal State Institute of Public Health 'The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine', The Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arseniy A Kechin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Liudmila A Kartsova
- Institute of Chemistry, The Department of Organic Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Sardella R, Ianni F, Pucciarini L, Marinozzi M, Zlotskii SS, Natalini B. Cyclopropyl-containing sulfonyl amino acids: Exploring the enantioseparation through chiral ligand-exchange chromatography. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhou J, Tang J, Tang W. Recent development of cationic cyclodextrins for chiral separation. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ianni F, Pataj Z, Gross H, Sardella R, Natalini B, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Direct enantioseparation of underivatized aliphatic 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids with a quinine-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhou J, Liu Y, Lu Y, Tang J, Tang W. Clicked AC regioisomer cationic cyclodextrins for enantioseparation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dai Y, Wang S, Zhou J, Tang J, Tang W. A family of single-isomer, dicationic cyclodextrin chiral selectors for capillary electrophoresis: Mono-6A-ammonium-6C-butylimidazolium-β-cyclodextrin chlorides. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:833-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Shuye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Ministry of Education; Nanjing; P. R. China
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Dai Y, Wang S, Wu J, Tang J, Tang W. Dicationic AC regioisomer cyclodextrins: mono-6A-ammonium-6C-alkylimidazolium-β-cyclodextrin chlorides as chiral selectors for enantioseparation. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rousseau A, Pedrini M, Chiap P, Ivanyi R, Crommen J, Fillet M, Servais AC. Determination of flurbiprofen enantiomers in plasma using a single-isomer amino cyclodextrin derivative in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3641-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Nzeadibe K, Vigh G. Synthesis of mono-6-deoxy-6-N,N,N′,N′,N′-pentamethylethylenediammonio-cyclomaltoheptaose, a single-isomer, monosubstituted, permanently dicationicβ-CD and its use for enantiomer separations by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2589-605. [PMID: 17657759 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The dichloride salt of mono-6-deoxy-6-N,N,N',N',N'-pentamethylethylenediammonio-cyclomaltoheptaose (PEMEDA-BCD), the first single-isomer, monosubstituted, permanently dicationic beta-CD has been synthesized, analytically characterized, and used for the capillary electrophoretic separation of the enantiomers of a group of analytes in acidic and basic BGEs. When the concentration of PEMEDA-BCD was changed in the BGEs, the resulting effective mobilities of the analytes and the respective separation selectivities followed the predictions of the ionic strength-corrected charged resolving agent migration model. Good separation selectivities and favorable normalized EOF mobilities allowed for the rapid, efficient separation of the enantiomers of anionic, weak acid and nonionic analytes in the low- and/or high-pH BGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Nzeadibe
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA
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Tang W, Ong TT, Muderawan IW, Ng SC. Effect of alkylimidazolium substituents on enantioseparation ability of single-isomer alkylimidazolium-β-cyclodextrin derivatives in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 585:227-33. [PMID: 17386669 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A family of 6-mono(3-alkylimidazolium)-beta-cyclodextrins with one primary hydroxyl group replaced by an alkylimidazolium cation has been developed. The effect of alkyl substitutents on the enantioresolution ability of these single-isomer cyclodextrins towards dansyl amino acids has been studied by capillary electrophoresis. Systematical investigations on the effect of buffer pH and selector concentration on the enatioseparation show that chiral selectors with a shorter alkyl chain (R=C(n)H(2n+1), n</=4) presented more powerful chiral recognition ability. These newly introduced single-isomer beta-cyclodextrin derivatives proved to be effective chiral selectors for most selected dansyl amino acids at low buffer pH (e.g. pH 5.0) with selector concentration no less than 3mM. The apparent complex stability constants between alkylimidazolium beta-CDs and dansyl amino acids were also theoretically determined by using the mobility difference model proposed by Wren and Rowe. The side alkyl chains from both dansyl amino acids and alkylimidazolium beta-CDs displayed significant effect on the apparent complex stability constants. Both the optimum selector concentrations calculated according to the model, however, were much lower than the experimental values giving the maximum chiral resolution of enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Aizawa SI, Yamamoto A, Kodama S. Mechanism of enantioseparation ofDL-pantothenic acid in ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis using a diol–borate system. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:880-6. [PMID: 16421940 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Borate complexes formed in the ternary system at pH 9.2 containing borate, (S)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol (SAP), and DL-pantothenic acid (DL-PTA) were identified by 13C and 11B NMR, and it is confirmed that the binary complexes, [B(OH)2(SAP)], [B(SAP)2]+ [B(OH)2(D- or L-PTA)]2-, and [B(D- or L-PTA)2]3- (including [B(D-PTA)(L-PTA)]3-), and the ternary complexes, [B(SAP)(D- or L-PTA)]-, coexist at equilibrium in the ternary system. Thermodynamic experiments by variable-temperature 11B NMR revealed that the ternary complex, [B(SAP)(D-PTA)]-, is entropically more stable than [B(SAP)(L-PTA)]-. Because two geometrical isomers are possible for the respective ternary complexes, semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations were performed by PM5, PM3, and AM1 methods in order to obtain the optimized structures. It is indicated from the calculated heats of formation and experimentally obtained thermodynamic parameters that the (S)-isomer is more probable for the respective ternary complexes with D- and L-PTA. In the optimized structure of (S)-[B(SAP)(D-PTA)]- in water, the SAP and D-PTA ligands were oppositely oriented to form a rather linear structure, while the diastereomer, (S)-[B(SAP)(L-PTA)]-, had a folded structure. Because such a difference in the solvated structure of the ternary complexes can give a different electrophoretic velocity in CE, the enantioseparation of DL-PTA in CE is reasonably attributed to a difference in the observed electrophoretic mobility for the equilibrated ternary systems containing the respective ternary complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-ichi Aizawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
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Enantiomeric separation of 8 hydroxy, 10 carboxylic and 6 dansyl amino acids by mono(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MA, García-Montelongo FJ, Cifuentes A. Chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites by capillary electromigration methods. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3799-813. [PMID: 16217833 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of enantiomers is one of the most challenging tasks for any analytical technique including CE. Since the first report in 1985 showing the great possibilities of CE for the separation of chiral compounds, the amount of publications concerning this topic has quickly increased. Although chiral electromigration methods have mainly been used for enantioseparation of drugs and pharmaceuticals, they have also been applied to analyze chiral pollutants. This article intends to provide an updated overview, including works published till January 2005, on the principal applications of CE to the chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites, with special emphasis on articles published in the last 10 years. The main advantages and drawbacks regarding the use of CE for chiral separation of pollutants are addressed including some discussion on the foreseen trends of electromigration procedures applied to chiral analysis of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Jacquet R, Pennanec R, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Liquid chromatography analysis of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin isomers on porous graphitic carbon. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:1221-8. [PMID: 15537080 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The retention behaviour of the three positional isomers of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin was investigated on a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column. The influence of the mobile phase composition (nature and concentration of organic and electronic modifiers) was studied as well as the effect of column temperature. These hydrophilic and anionic analytes were highly retained on the PGC stationary phase compared to octadecyl bonded phases. The retention is mainly governed by a reversed-phase mechanism with electronic interaction playing a secondary role. An increase in solute retention and efficiency with temperature was observed. Successful isocratic separation with satisfactory baseline resolution of the three isomers of monosubstituted sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin was achieved at 75 degrees C on a Hypercarb column by using ammonium acetate as electronic modifier in water-acetonitrile (83:17). The chromatographic methodology developed can be easily used for relative quantification of each isomer within a mixture and can be applied for semi-preparative purification of each one. The evaporative light scattering detector allows the detection of these non UV-visible absorbing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jacquet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS 6005, Université d'Orléans, BP 6759, 45067 Orleans Cedex 2, France
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Sforza S, Galaverna G, Corradini R, Dossena A, Marchelli R. ESI-mass spectrometry analysis of unsubstituted and disubstituted beta-cyclodextrins: fragmentation mode and identification of the AB, AC, AD regioisomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2003; 14:124-135. [PMID: 12586461 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of unsubstituted and disubstituted beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs) by ESI-mass spectrometry is reported, applying a cone-induced fragmentation in the presence of a twofold excess of sodium chloride, in order to gain information about the fragmentation of the different regioisomers. On the basis of the fragmentation pattern observed for the unsusbstituted beta-CD, a statistical model shows that the fragments generated by every regioisomer of a disubstituted CD (AB, AC, and AD) are expected to differ in their relative intensity and, therefore, they can be used for correctly identifying the three different regioisomers. The model was tested on the three regioisomeric (AB, AC, and AD) diamino-beta-CDs and ditosyl-beta-CD and on the AC and AD regioisomers of dimesitylenesulphonyl-beta-CD, allowing in every case through statistical analysis of the fragmentation pattern the correct assignment of every regioisomer on the basis of an ESI mass spectrum (single quadrupole analyzer, high cone voltage) of the pure compounds. The absolute intensities of the fragmentation peaks were voltage-dependent but their ratios was voltage-independent, indicating that no mass bias in peak ratios is introduced by the analyzer. Given the fast time of analysis and its general applicability, independently from the substituents, we propose our method as an easy way to identify the regioisomers of disubstituted beta-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sforza
- Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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