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Skogh M, Dobrautz W, Lolur P, Warren C, Biznárová J, Osman A, Tancredi G, Bylander J, Rahm M. The electron density: a fidelity witness for quantum computation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2257-2265. [PMID: 38332826 PMCID: PMC10848700 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05269a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There is currently no combination of quantum hardware and algorithms that can provide an advantage over conventional calculations of molecules or materials. However, if or when such a point is reached, new strategies will be needed to verify predictions made using quantum devices. We propose that the electron density, obtained through experimental or computational means, can serve as a robust benchmark for validating the accuracy of quantum computation of chemistry. An initial exploration into topological features of electron densities, facilitated by quantum computation, is presented here as a proof of concept. Additionally, we examine the effects of constraining and symmetrizing measured one-particle reduced density matrices on noise-driven errors in the electron density distribution. We emphasize the potential benefits and future need for high-quality electron densities derived from diffraction experiments for validating classically intractable quantum computations of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mårten Skogh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
- Data Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Werner Dobrautz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Phalgun Lolur
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Christopher Warren
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Janka Biznárová
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Amr Osman
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Giovanna Tancredi
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jonas Bylander
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience MC2, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Martin Rahm
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
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2
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Sugisaki K. Projective Measurement-Based Quantum Phase Difference Estimation Algorithm for the Direct Computation of Eigenenergy Differences on a Quantum Computer. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7617-7625. [PMID: 37874368 PMCID: PMC10653105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantum computers are capable of calculating the energy difference of two electronic states using the quantum phase difference estimation (QPDE) algorithm. The Bayesian inference-based implementations for the QPDE have been reported so far, but in this approach, the quality of the calculated energy difference depends on the input wave functions being used. Here, we report the inverse quantum Fourier transformation-based QPDE with Na of ancillary qubits, which allows us to compute the difference of eigenenergies based on the single-shot projective measurement. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, we report numerical experiments for the singlet-triplet energy difference of the hydrogen molecule and the vertical excitation energies of halogen-substituted methylenes (CHF, CHCl, CF2, CFCl, and CCl2) and formaldehyde (HCHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sugisaki
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 7-1 Shinkawasaki, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-0032, Japan
- Quantum
Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
- Centre
for Quantum Engineering, Research and Education
TCG Centres for Research and Education in Science and Technology, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
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3
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Zhang GL, Liu D, Yung MH. Observation of exceptional point in a PT broken non-Hermitian system simulated using a quantum circuit. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13795. [PMID: 34226606 PMCID: PMC8257716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exceptional points (EPs), the degeneracy points of non-Hermitian systems, have recently attracted great attention because of their potential of enhancing the sensitivity of quantum sensors. Unlike the usual degeneracies in Hermitian systems, at EPs, both the eigenenergies and eigenvectors coalesce. Although EPs have been widely explored, the range of EPs studied is largely limited by the underlying systems, for instance, higher-order EPs are hard to achieve. Here we propose an extendable method to simulate non-Hermitian systems and study EPs with quantum circuits. The system is inherently parity-time (PT) broken due to the non-symmetric controlling effects of the circuit. Inspired by the quantum Zeno effect, the circuit structure guarantees the success rate of the post-selection. A sample circuit is implemented in a quantum programming framework, and the phase transition at EP is demonstrated. Considering the scalable and flexible nature of quantum circuits, our model is capable of simulating large-scale systems with higher-order EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Li Zhang
- Central Research Institute, Huawei Technologies, Shenzhen, 518129, China.,Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China.,Center for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Man-Hong Yung
- Central Research Institute, Huawei Technologies, Shenzhen, 518129, China. .,Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China. .,Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Ellerbrock R, Martinez TJ. A multilayer multi-configurational approach to efficiently simulate large-scale circuit-based quantum computers on classical machines. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:051101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0013123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ellerbrock
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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5
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Lei C, Peng S, Ju C, Yung MH, Du J. Decoherence Control of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11937. [PMID: 28931932 PMCID: PMC5607330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum mechanical systems lose coherence through interacting with external environments-a process known as decoherence. Although decoherence is detrimental for most of the tasks in quantum information processing, a substantial degree of decoherence is crucial for boosting the efficiency of quantum processes, for example, in quantum biology and other open systems. The key to the success in simulating those open quantum systems is therefore the ability of controlling decoherence, instead of eliminating it. Motivated by simulating quantum open systems with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers, which has become an increasingly important platform for quantum information processing tasks, we developed a new set of steering pulse sequences for controlling various coherence times of Nitrogen-Vacancy centers; our method is based on a hybrid approach that exploits ingredients in both digital and analog quantum simulations to dynamically couple or decouple the system with the physical environment. Our numerical simulations, based on experimentally-feasible parameters, indicate that decoherence of Nitrogen-Vacancy centers can be controlled externally to a very large extend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physics Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Shijie Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physics Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chenyong Ju
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physics Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Hong Yung
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physics Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Wang Y, Dolde F, Biamonte J, Babbush R, Bergholm V, Yang S, Jakobi I, Neumann P, Aspuru-Guzik A, Whitfield JD, Wrachtrup J. Quantum Simulation of Helium Hydride Cation in a Solid-State Spin Register. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7769-7774. [PMID: 25905564 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio computation of molecular properties is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. While this problem is widely believed to be intractable for classical computers, efficient quantum algorithms exist which have the potential to vastly accelerate research throughput in fields ranging from material science to drug discovery. Using a solid-state quantum register realized in a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond, we compute the bond dissociation curve of the minimal basis helium hydride cation, HeH(+). Moreover, we report an energy uncertainty (given our model basis) of the order of 10(-14) hartree, which is 10 orders of magnitude below the desired chemical precision. As NV centers in diamond provide a robust and straightforward platform for quantum information processing, our work provides an important step toward a fully scalable solid-state implementation of a quantum chemistry simulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Third Institute of Physics, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Dolde
- Third Institute of Physics, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Ryan Babbush
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 United States
- Google , 150 Main Street, Venice Beach, California 90291, United States
| | | | - Sen Yang
- Third Institute of Physics, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ingmar Jakobi
- Third Institute of Physics, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Neumann
- Third Institute of Physics, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 United States
| | - James D Whitfield
- Department of Physics, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- Third Institute of Physics, Research Center Scope and IQST, University of Stuttgart , 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Veis
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pittner
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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