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Berger K, Pauwels E, Parkinson G, Landberg G, Le T, Demillo VG, Lumangtad LA, Jones DE, Islam MA, Olsen R, Kapri T, Intasiri A, Vermeire K, Rhost S, Bell TW. Reduction of Progranulin-Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cell Propagation by Sortilin-Targeting Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) Compounds. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12865-12876. [PMID: 34428050 PMCID: PMC10501753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) compounds selectively down-modulate two human proteins of potential therapeutic interest, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and sortilin. Progranulin is secreted from some breast cancer cells, causing dedifferentiation of receiving cancer cells and cancer stem cell proliferation. Inhibition of progranulin binding to sortilin, its main receptor, can block progranulin-induced metastatic breast cancer using a triple-negative in vivo xenograft model. In the current study, seven CADA compounds (CADA, VGD020, VGD071, TL020, TL023, LAL014, and DJ010) were examined for reduction of cellular sortilin expression and progranulin-induced breast cancer stem cell propagation. In addition, inhibition of progranulin-induced mammosphere formation was examined and found to be most significant for TL020, TL023, VGD071, and LAL014. Full experimental details are given for the synthesis and characterization of the four new compounds (TL020, TL023, VGD071, and DJ010). Comparison of solubilities, potencies, and cytotoxicities identified VGD071 as a promising candidate for future studies using mouse breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Berger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Pauwels
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Parkinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Truc Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Violeta G Demillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Liezel A Lumangtad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Nanosyn, 3100 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Dylan E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Md Azizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Ryan Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Topprasad Kapri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Amarawan Intasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Rhost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas W Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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Chawla R, Van Puyenbroeck V, Pflug NC, Sama A, Ali R, Schols D, Vermeire K, Bell TW. Tuning Side Arm Electronics in Unsymmetrical Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Translocation Inhibitors to Improve their Human Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) Receptor Down-Modulating Potencies. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2633-47. [PMID: 26974263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotriazadisulfonamide prevents HIV entry into cells by down-modulating surface CD4 receptor expression through binding to the CD4 signal peptide. According to a two-site binding model, 28 new unsymmetrical analogues bearing a benzyl tail group and nine bearing a cyclohexylmethyl tail have been designed and synthesized. The most potent new CD4 down-modulator (40 (CK147); IC50 63 nM) has a 4-dimethylaminobenzenesulfonyl side arm. One of the two side arms was varied with substituents in different positions. This gave a range of CD4 down-modulation potencies that correlated well with anti-HIV-1 activities. The side arms of 21 of the new benzyl-tailed analogues were modeled by means of quantum mechanical calculations. For CADA analogues with arenesulfonamide side arms, the pIC50 values for CD4 down-modulation correlated with the component of the electric dipole moment in the aromatic ring, suggesting that an attractive electronic interaction is a major factor determining the stability of the complex between the molecule and its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Chawla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216 United States
| | - Victor Van Puyenbroeck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas C Pflug
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216 United States
| | - Alekhya Sama
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216 United States
| | - Rameez Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216 United States
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas W Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada , 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216 United States
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Bell TW, Demillo VG, Schols D, Vermeire K. Improving potencies and properties of CD4 down-modulating CADA analogs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 7:39-48. [PMID: 22468892 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.643865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CADA is a synthetic small molecule that inhibits HIV replication in cell cultures through down-modulating cell surface CD4 by inhibiting cotranslational translocation of nascent CD4 across the ER membrane in a signal sequence-specific manner. Analogs have been prepared mainly to increase potency and investigate the mechanism of action. AREAS COVERED This article reviews progress on discovery of more potent CADA analogs, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical compounds, as well as fluorescent derivatives. The article also discusses some properties of CADA and a more potent analog (KKD023) that are relevant to drug development, including aqueous solubility, permeability, metabolism and oral bioavailability. EXPERT OPINION Further studies on CADA analogs should focus on improving both potency and drug-like properties, and on elucidating the detailed mechanism of action. Solubility and permeability may be improved by reducing molecular weight, decreasing molecular flexibility and symmetry, or by a prodrug approach inducing active transport. Identifying the molecular mechanism of CD4 down-modulation may aid in assessing potential side effects of such immunomodulatory/anti-HIV drugs, and it could potentially lead to a general approach to designing drugs for specifically down-modulating other cell-surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Bell
- University of Nevada, Department of Chemistry, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, USA.
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