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Kuzu MY, Schmidt A, Strohmann C. Enantioselective Synthesis of Phosphine Boranes via Crystallization-Induced Dynamic Resolution of Lithiated Intermediate by Understanding the Underlying Epimerization Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319665. [PMID: 38427610 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Described herein is the successful crystallization-induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) of an α-lithiated phosphine borane utilizing the easily accessible and inexpensive ligand (R,R)-TMCDA. Starting from the essential P-prochiral building block dimethyl phenyl phosphine borane we were able to obtain phosphine boranes in yields up to 80 % and e.r. up to 98 : 2 by crystallization of the lithiated intermediate prior to the trapping reaction. NMR-based deuterium labeling experiments indicate that the epimerization in solution is based on the intermolecular proton transfer between nonlithiated phosphine borane and the corresponding lithiated intermediate, rendering the presence of the remaining starting compound in an optimized solvent mixture the main factor for successful enantioselective synthesis. Quantum chemical calculations using different model systems based on solid state structures confirm these experimental results. By gaining insights into the epimerization mechanism, essential principles for CIDR of lithiated phosphine boranes are elucidated that may be expanded to other important P-stereogenic compounds and simple chiral amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yasin Kuzu
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Inorganic Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Delany PK, Mortimer CL, Hodgson DM. Electrophile dependent mechanisms in the asymmetric trapping of α-lithio- N-( tert-butoxythiocarbonyl)azetidine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12174-12177. [PMID: 32910117 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05396a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sn-Li exchange and 'poor man's Hoffmann tests' establish asymmetric trapping of α-lithio-N-(tert-butoxythiocarbonyl) (Botc) azetidine to be controlled by dynamic thermodynamic resolution or dynamic kinetic resolution, depending on the electrophile. Unusually, different configurational stability is seen for the anion generated by lithiation compared to transmetallation. Configurational stability of α-lithio-N-Boc azetidine indicates instability with the N-Botc system is due to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]S group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal K Delany
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Claire L Mortimer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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3
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Lumbroso A, Beaudet I, Quintard J, Fraisse C, Galland N, Toupet L, Le Grognec E. Sn−Li Transmetalation of α‐Aminoorganostannanes for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Dehydropiperidines and Dehydroazepanes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Beaudet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - Cécile Fraisse
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Nicolas Galland
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6251Institut de Physique de Rennes Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
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4
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Degennaro L, Pisano L, Parisi G, Mansueto R, Clarkson GJ, Shipman M, Luisi R. Nitrogen Stereodynamics and Complexation Phenomena as Key Factors in the Deprotonative Dynamic Resolution of Alkylideneaziridines: A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6411-8. [PMID: 25996163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed at shedding light on the origin of the stereoselectivity observed in the reactions of chiral heterosubstituted organolithiums, generated by lithiation of alkylideneaziridines. Factors such as the nitrogen inversion barrier, the stereochemistry at the nitrogen atom, the substitution pattern of the alkylideneaziridines, and the reaction conditions are taken into consideration. The interplay between nitrogen stereodynamics and complexation phenomena seems to be crucial in determining the stereochemical outcome of the lithiation/trapping sequence. The findings were rationalized by a synergistic use of NMR experiments, run on the lithiated intermediates, alongside computational data. It has been demonstrated that, in such systems, the stereochemistry-determining step is the deprotonation reaction, and a model based on a deprotonative dynamic resolution has been proposed. Such findings could find application in dynamic systems other than aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Parisi
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Rosmara Mansueto
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy.,§Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shipman
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Renzo Luisi
- †Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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5
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Cochrane EJ, Hassall LA, Coldham I. Preparation of 1-Substituted Tetrahydro-β-carbolines by Lithiation–Substitution. J Org Chem 2015; 80:5964-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Cochrane
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iain Coldham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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6
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Capriati V, Perna FM, Salomone A. “The Great Beauty” of organolithium chemistry: a land still worth exploring. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:14204-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Frontier highlights and analyses, from the authors’ perspective, some recent selected contributions from the organolithium field with an eye towards new challenging research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia – Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”
- Bari, Italy
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7
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Li X, Leonori D, Sheikh NS, Coldham I. Synthesis of 1-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Lithiation and Electrophilic Quenching Guided by In Situ IR and NMR Spectroscopy and Application to the Synthesis of Salsolidine, Carnegine and Laudanosine. Chemistry 2013; 19:7724-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Hellmann G, Hack A, Thiemermann E, Luche O, Raabe G, Gais HJ. Chiral Fluorinated α-Sulfonyl Carbanions: Enantioselective Synthesis and Electrophilic Capture, Racemization Dynamics, and Structure. Chemistry 2013; 19:3869-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Lumbroso A, Beaudet I, Toupet L, Le Grognec E, Quintard JP. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Iminosugars from Stannylated Derivatives of (S)-Vinylglycinol. Org Lett 2012; 15:160-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303213r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lumbroso
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Beaudet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loïc Toupet
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Erwan Le Grognec
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Quintard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France, and Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6251−Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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10
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Smith K, El-Hiti GA, Alshammari MB. Variation in the Site of Lithiation of 2-(2-Methylphenyl)ethanamine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3023445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff
CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff
CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mohammed B. Alshammari
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff
CF10 3AT, U.K
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11
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Beng TK, Tyree WS, Parker T, Su C, Williard PG, Gawley RE. Dynamics of catalytic resolution of 2-lithio-N-Boc-piperidine by ligand exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16845-55. [PMID: 22967289 PMCID: PMC3468710 DOI: 10.1021/ja307796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the racemization and catalytic and stoichiometric dynamic resolution of 2-lithio-N-Boc-piperidine (7) have been investigated. The kinetic order in tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) for both racemization and resolution of the title compound and the kinetic orders in two resolving ligands have been determined. The catalytic dynamic resolution is second order in TMEDA and 0.5 and 0.265 order in chiral ligands 8 and 10, respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of ligand 10 shows it to be an octamer. Dynamic NMR studies of the resolution process were carried out. Some of the requirements for a successful catalytic dynamic resolution by ligand exchange have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K. Beng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - William S. Tyree
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Trent Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | | | - Robert E. Gawley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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12
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Gammon JJ, Gessner VH, Barker GR, Granander J, Whitwood AC, Strohmann C, O’Brien P, Kelly B. Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Compounds via Kinetic Deprotonation and Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution of Phosphine Sulfides: Opposite Sense of Induction Using (−)-Sparteine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13922-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Gammon
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Greg R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Johan Granander
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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13
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Capriati V, Florio S, Perna F, Salomone A. Lithiated Fluorinated Styrene Oxides: Configurational Stability, Synthetic Applications, and Mechanistic Insight. Chemistry 2010; 16:9778-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Coldham I, Raimbault S, Whittaker DTE, Chovatia PT, Leonori D, Patel JJ, Sheikh NS. Asymmetric substitutions of 2-lithiated N-boc-piperidine and N-Boc-azepine by dynamic resolution. Chemistry 2010; 16:4082-90. [PMID: 20175161 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proton abstraction of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-piperidine (N-Boc-piperidine) with sBuLi and TMEDA provides a racemic organolithium that can be resolved using a chiral ligand. The enantiomeric organolithiums can interconvert so that a dynamic resolution occurs. Two mechanisms for promoting enantioselectivity in the products are possible. Slow addition of an electrophile such as trimethylsilyl chloride allows dynamic resolution under kinetic control (DKR). This process occurs with high enantioselectivity and is successful by catalysis with substoichiometric chiral ligand (catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution). Alternatively, the two enantiomers of this organolithium can be resolved under thermodynamic control with good enantioselectivity (dynamic thermodynamic resolution, DTR). The best ligands found are based on chiral diamino-alkoxides. Using DTR, a variety of electrophiles can be used to provide an asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted piperidines, including (after Boc deprotection) the alkaloid (+)-beta-conhydrine. The chemistry was extended, albeit with lower yields, to the corresponding 2-substituted seven-membered azepine ring derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK.
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