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Morrison FP, Fullam R, Thomson K, Meyer D, Daffern M. Results From a Non-Randomized Pilot Study Evaluating the Impact of a Novel Group Treatment Program Targeting Aggressive Script Rehearsal and Emotion Regulation in a Sample of Incarcerated Males. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2024; 68:638-656. [PMID: 35426324 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221086581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of a novel group-based aggressive script rehearsal treatment program with an emotion regulation program. Participants were 48 incarcerated adult males (28 in the script rehearsal program and 20 in the emotion regulation program). Outcomes, including the frequency of aggressive script rehearsal, aggressive behavior, and emotion regulation difficulties, were measured pre-and post-treatment and at 46 days (on average) after treatment completion, and 104 days (on average) following treatment completion. Linear Mixed Model analyses revealed no significant difference in the frequency of script rehearsal overtime for either program. There was a significant reduction in aggressive behavior associated with the script rehearsal program and a reduction in emotion regulation difficulties for both programs. Future iterations of this aggressive script rehearsal treatment program may benefit from greater intensity and incorporation of strategies that address the many cognitive, affective, and situational factors that trigger and maintain aggressive scripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona P Morrison
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Fairfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachael Fullam
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Fairfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Thomson
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, VIC, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Daffern
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Fairfield, VIC, Australia
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Parton DM, Chester DS. Aggression by omission: Redefining and measuring an understudied construct. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22123. [PMID: 37963213 PMCID: PMC10873065 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Researchers of aggression have classically focused on what has been previously called active aggression-the deliberate infliction of harm through the direct application of deleterious consequences. However, the counterpart to this, what was originally called passive aggression, has gone understudied, and its definition has mutated beyond its original conceptualization. The present two studies (N's 196 and 220, respectively) attempted to examine passive aggression as originally defined-the deliberate withholding of behavior to ensure that a target is harmed-and renaming it aggression by omission (ABO), in contrast to aggression by commission (ABC). These studies found that both fit within a similar nomological network of antagonism, Sadism, and trait aggression. Study 2 additionally found that both were equally affected by provocation and were considered equally harmful. These findings encourage further research into ABO to capture this construct concretely, especially in the context of common paradigms (e.g., the Taylor Aggression Paradigm, Hot Sauce, Point-Subtraction Aggression Paradigm), and trait aggression scales, which typically measure ABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Parton
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David S Chester
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Hosie J, Dunne A, Simpson K, Daffern M. Aggressive Script Rehearsal in Adult Offenders: Characteristics and Association With Self-Reported Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21902-NP21926. [PMID: 34961425 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211062992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the frequency, recency, content, severity, and targets of aggressive scripts reported by 94 incarcerated Australian males. The scripts of participants who reported a history of repeated and severe aggression were compared with the scripts of participants who reported a history of less severe and less frequent aggression. As hypothesized, participants with a history of more frequent and severe aggressive behavior reported more severe aggressive script content and more frequent script rehearsal. Furthermore, participants with a history of more frequent and severe aggressive behavior reported feelings of anticipation and excitement when they rehearsed aggressive scripts as well as an increase in the severity of aggressive scripts rehearsed over time. These results have important implications for risk assessment and treatment of violent offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hosie
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley Dunne
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina Simpson
- 2541School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Daffern
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, 3783Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Aggressive behaviors and associated factors in Chinese left-behind adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:677. [PMID: 36419051 PMCID: PMC9685917 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03736-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine whether the levels of aggressive behaviors and other individual and contextual variables differ between left-behind adolescents (LBA) and not left-behind adolescents (NLBA) and explore associations between aggression and other constructs among them. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted and 4530 school adolescents aged 9-18 years in north and south of China were randomly selected. The levels of aggressive behavior, personality and family and classroom environment were compared between LBA and NLBA and also the associated factors of aggression. RESULTS The total scores of aggressive behaviors were 6.33 ± 6.35 (Mean ± SD) in LBA and 5.78 ± 6.16 (Mean ± SD) in NLBA. Multiple linear regression models revealed that neuroticism and psychoticism were positively associated with aggressive behaviors for LBA with similar results of NLBA. Cohesion was negatively associated with aggressive behaviors, and conflict and achievement had positive effects in NLBA. Organization had a negative effect in LBA. Uncertainty and dissatisfaction had positive effects on aggression both in LBA and NLBA. CONCLUSION This study found a slightly higher level of aggressive behaviors in LBA comparing with NLBA. Personality was the mainly associated factor of aggression, but class-based interventions were more practical for aggressive behaviors in Chinese LBA.
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Guo Q, Li S, Shen J, Lu J. Thermal demands and its interactions with environmental factors account for national-level variation in aggression. Front Psychol 2022; 13:911159. [PMID: 36186386 PMCID: PMC9524539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature shows that psychological phenomena, including values (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism), personality, and behaviors (e.g., prosocial and aggressive behavior), are geographically clustered. The effects of temperature on interpersonal and intergroup aggression have been studied by many social psychologists. To date the interactions between temperature and other geographical factors have not been addressed. This study is aiming to examine the effects of thermal demands and the moderating effects of natural geographical factors on aggressive behavior at national level. Data for 156 societies was obtained from publicly available databases. Consistent with the life-history theory, results of this study showed that aggressive behavior has a positive relationship with heat demands, and a negative relationship with cold demands. Aggressive behavior is also positively correlated with sunlight and altitude, and negatively correlated with coastline vicinity. Forest, coastline vicinity, and rainfall moderated the effect of thermal demands on aggressive behavior. In societies with more forests, with more rainfall, and closer to coastline, the negative effects of cold demands on aggressive behavior are stronger.
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Hosie J, Simpson K, Dunne A, Daffern M. A study of the relationships between rumination, anger rumination, aggressive script rehearsal, and aggressive behavior in a sample of incarcerated adult males. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:1925-1939. [PMID: 35263441 PMCID: PMC9541888 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study explored relationships between aggressive script rehearsal, rumination, and anger rumination with aggressive behavior. Method One hundred and twenty‐nine incarcerated males (M = 33.54, SD = 8.67) completed the Schedule of Imagined Violence, Preservative Thinking Questionnaire, Anger Rumination Scale, and the Life History of Aggression‐Aggression subscale. Correlations were run to examine associations between the variables and a four‐step sequential multiple regression was performed to assess for the unique contribution of rumination, anger rumination, and aggressive script rehearsal to aggressive behavior. Results Results revealed moderate‐strong positive associations between aggressive script rehearsal, rumination, and anger rumination. Moderate‐weak associations were found between these three constructs and aggressive behavior. Regression analyses revealed aggressive script rehearsal was uniquely related with aggressive behavior and path analysis demonstrated aggressive script rehearsal mediated the relationship between rumination/anger rumination and aggression. Conclusion These results clarify the nature of the relationships between these conceptually connected constructs and suggest that the frequency with which someone rehearses aggressive scripts impacts on the likelihood of aggression more than anger rumination and general ruminative processes. The frequency with which a person rehearses aggressive scripts should be a critical consideration in violence risk assessment and treatment programs for people deemed to be at risk for violent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hosie
- School of Psychology, Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ashley Dunne
- School of Psychology, Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Daffern
- School of Psychology, Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychology, Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), Melbourne, Australia
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Parker KEM, Farrell N, Walker BR. The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3084-NP3106. [PMID: 32762392 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520948144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Why some people, and not others, exhibit aggression remains unknown. Research points to certain personality traits being linked to either proactive or reactive aggression, or both. The current study attempts to address these gaps from the perspective of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). Using 146 participants, results revealed Behavioral Approach System (BAS)-Impulsivity and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) predicted proactive and reactive aggression. Defensive Fight predicted reactive aggression. BAS-Impulsivity predicted proactive aggression partially mediated by Social Dominance Orientation. These findings suggest proactive and reactive aggression are motivated by a combination of anxiety and rapid, approach-motivational personality traits. This study provides further understanding of the specific relations between rRST and aggression, is integrated into the general aggression model, and has implications for treatment of aggressive individuals.
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Meng Y, Yu B, Li C, Lan Y. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Organization Big Five Scale. Front Psychol 2021; 12:781369. [PMID: 34867694 PMCID: PMC8637287 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study translates the Organization Big Five Scale (ORG-B5) into Chinese and tests its reliability and validity. In Study 1 (N=406), the ORG-B5 was translated into Chinese, and an exploratory factor analysis established the scale’s factorial validity. In Study 2 (N=391), confirmatory factor analyses found that the five-factor correlation model fit the data best. The results from the configural, metric, and scalar invariance models also demonstrate that the ORG-B5 is equivalent across gender, age, and work tenure. The relationship between ORG-B5 and related constructs was also explored further. This study argues that the Chinese version of ORG-B5 provides researchers with a psychometrically sound and efficient tool to assess the Big Five personality traits within organizations in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Meng
- Management Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Boxiang Yu
- Management Institute, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaoping Li
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Lan
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Yu L, Liu S, Zheng C, Liu W, Wang H, Liang F, Lu W, Xu S, Wang W. Manual acupuncture versus sham acupuncture and usual care for the prevention of primary dysmenorrhea (PD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:818. [PMID: 32993752 PMCID: PMC7525957 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a leading cause of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls. Manual acupuncture may be considered as an effective treatment for PD, but high-quality evidence remains limited. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the prevention of PD as compared with sham acupuncture and usual care. Methods/design This is a three-arm, randomized, controlled clinical trial in which the patients, assessors, and statisticians will be blinded. A total of 300 acupuncture-naive patients who were diagnosed as PD will be randomly allocated to the verum acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or usual care groups in a 2:2:1 ratio. Patients in the verum acupuncture group will receive manual acupuncture at specific acupuncture points with penetrating needling, while those in the sham acupuncture group will receive non-penetrating needling at non-acupuncture points. They will be given five sessions over a menstrual cycle for 3 menstrual cycles. Patients in the usual care group will receive health education and informed to receive manual acupuncture for free after waiting for 7 menstrual cycles. The primary outcome will be the change from baseline in the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale Score (CMSS). The secondary outcomes will be the changes in Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS), visual analog scale (VAS), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI- II), Acupuncture Expectancy Scale (AES), 60-item NEO Personality Inventory-Short Form (NEO-FFI), and acute medication intake. The adverse events will be recorded at every visit. The analyses will be performed base on a full analysis set (FAS) and a per-protocol set (PPS). Discussion This study may provide high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of manual acupuncture for PD. In addition, the results of this study will help to identify the efficacy of acupuncture due to the specific effects of acupuncture or placebo effects of acupuncture ritual. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02783534. Registered on 26 May 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cuihong Zheng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Institution, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1 Tanhualin Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Institution, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1 Tanhualin Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Institution, College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1 Tanhualin Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shabei Xu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Askin R, Vahapoglu F, Onen S, Kanat BB, Taymur I, Budak E. Psychopathology in Violent Offenders Against Healthcare Workers. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:786-803. [PMID: 31575815 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence in healthcare is gradually becoming a major concern in many countries around the world and research has usually been focused on the victims of violence. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychopathology of individuals who commit violence against healthcare workers. The study included 50 subjects (patient or relative of patient) aged 18-65 years who had committed violence against a healthcare worker (study group) and a control group of 55 subjects with no history of violence. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (EPQ-RSF) were administered to both the study group and the control group. A psychiatric disorder was diagnosed in 50% of the violent offenders group and in 16.4% of the control group. It was determined that 54.8% of the patient relatives and 44.4% of the patients themselves who committed a violent act against healthcare workers had at least one psychiatric diagnosis and these rates did not differ between the patients and their relatives (χ2 = 0.492, p = 0.483). Comparisons of the scale scores between the groups revealed that the STAXI scores (p < .001), BIS-11 total scores (p < .001), BDI, and BAI scores were statistically significantly higher in the violent offenders group. Considering the higher rates of psychiatric disorders and higher levels of anger and impulsivity among people who commit violent acts against healthcare workers, psychotherapeutic interventions such as stress and anger management interventions, improvement of interaction and communication between patients, their relatives and healthcare workers, and the implementation of rehabilitating punitive programs for violent offenders may be beneficial to reduce the rates of violent behavior against healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Askin
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatih Vahapoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sinay Onen
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Bilgen Bicer Kanat
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Taymur
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ersin Budak
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
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Paulhus DL, Curtis SR, Jones DN. Aggression as a trait: the Dark Tetrad alternative. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 19:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ulloa EC, Hammett JF, O’Neal DN, Lydston EE, Aramburo LFL. The Big Five Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a Large, Nationally Representative Sample. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2016; 31:1100-1115. [PMID: 27640426 PMCID: PMC11294914 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. Thus, it is vital to identify factors, such as individuals' personality traits, that may place men and women at risk for experiencing IPV. This study used data from Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 7,187), to examine the association between the Big Five personality traits and IPV perpetration and victimization among men and women. High openness, extraversion, and neuroticism emerged as the three most important risk factors associated with IPV. Although risk factors were found to be relatively similar for IPV perpetration and IPV victimization, some gender differences emerged, showing that extraversion was only connected to IPV for women but not for men. The present findings may bear important considerations for researchers and practitioners working with individuals and couples affected by IPV.
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Bak W. Personality predictors of anger. The role of FFM traits, shyness, and self-esteem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ppb-2016-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was designed to verify hypothesized predictor effects for five anger-related variables, i.e. trait anger, anger expression-out, anger expression-in, anger control-out, and anger-control-in. A sample of 138 students completed measures for FFM personality traits (NEO-FFI), self-esteem (SES), shyness (RCBS), and anger (STAXI-2). The study confirmed the effects of neuroticism and agreeableness as being the chief personality predictors of anger; however, for the domain of anger expression-in, an unexpected role of extraversion was revealed. Furthermore, introducing self-esteem and shyness changed some effects of FFM traits. Entering self-esteem as an additional predictor improved the predictability of anger control-in. Additionally, a mediation effect of shyness was revealed for the relation between extraversion and anger expression-in.
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14
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CAVALCANTI JG, PIMENTEL CE. Personality and aggression: A contribution of the General Aggression Model. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-02752016000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the study was to identify the direct and indirect existing relationship among personality traits on aggression of high school and undergraduate students from the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, using the General Aggression Model as the theoretical framework. The sample consisted of 218 students, of which 107 were high school students and 111 undergraduate students. The instruments used for data collection were as follows: Aggression Questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. The main results showed direct effects of neuroticism (+), extraversion (+) and agreeableness (-) in physical aggression. On the other hand, indirect effects of neuroticism (+), opening (+) and agreeableness (-) in physical aggression, mediated by aggressive emotions have been found. These findings are discussed based on previous research and the General Aggression Model along with suggestions of research which have been conducted in an attempt to further knowledge in this area.
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15
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Inchausti F, Mole J, Fonseca-Pedrero E, Ortuño-Sierra J. Validity of personality measurement in adults with anxiety disorders: psychometric properties of the Spanish NEO-FFI-R using Rasch analyses. Front Psychol 2015; 6:465. [PMID: 25954224 PMCID: PMC4404735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish NEO Five Factor Inventory–Revised (NEO-FFI-R) using Rasch analyses, in order to test its rating scale functioning, the reliability of scores, internal structure, and differential item functioning (DIF) by gender in a psychiatric sample. The NEO-FFI-R responses of 433 Spanish adults (154 males) with an anxiety disorder as primary diagnosis were analysed using the Rasch model for rating scales. Two intermediate categories of response (‘neutral’ and ‘agree’) malfunctioned in the Neuroticism and Conscientiousness scales. In addition, model reliabilities were lower than expected in Agreeableness and Neuroticism, and the item fit values indicated each scale had items that did not achieve moderate to high discrimination on its dimension, particularly in the Agreeableness scale. Concerning unidimensionality, the five NEO-FFI-R scales showed large first components of unexplained variance. Finally, DIF by gender was detected in many items. The results suggest that the scores of the Spanish NEO-FFI-R are unreliable in psychiatric samples and cannot be generalized between males and females, especially in the Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness scales. Future directions for testing and refinement should be developed before the NEO-FFI-R can be used reliably in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Inchausti
- Mental Health Services, University Hospital of Badajoz Badajoz, Spain ; Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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Alia-Klein N, Wang GJ, Preston-Campbell RN, Moeller SJ, Parvaz MA, Zhu W, Jayne MC, Wong C, Tomasi D, Goldstein RZ, Fowler JS, Volkow ND. Reactions to media violence: it's in the brain of the beholder. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107260. [PMID: 25208327 PMCID: PMC4160225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Media portraying violence is part of daily exposures. The extent to which violent media exposure impacts brain and behavior has been debated. Yet there is not enough experimental data to inform this debate. We hypothesize that reaction to violent media is critically dependent on personality/trait differences between viewers, where those with the propensity for physical assault will respond to the media differently than controls. The source of the variability, we further hypothesize, is reflected in autonomic response and brain functioning that differentiate those with aggression tendencies from others. To test this hypothesis we pre-selected a group of aggressive individuals and non-aggressive controls from the normal healthy population; we documented brain, blood-pressure, and behavioral responses during resting baseline and while the groups were watching media violence and emotional media that did not portray violence. Positron Emission Tomography was used with [18F]fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) to image brain metabolic activity, a marker of brain function, during rest and during film viewing while blood-pressure and mood ratings were intermittently collected. Results pointed to robust resting baseline differences between groups. Aggressive individuals had lower relative glucose metabolism in the medial orbitofrontal cortex correlating with poor self-control and greater glucose metabolism in other regions of the default-mode network (DMN) where precuneus correlated with negative emotionality. These brain results were similar while watching the violent media, during which aggressive viewers reported being more Inspired and Determined and less Upset and Nervous, and also showed a progressive decline in systolic blood-pressure compared to controls. Furthermore, the blood-pressure and brain activation in orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus were differentially coupled between the groups. These results demonstrate that individual differences in trait aggression strongly couple with brain, behavioral, and autonomic reactivity to media violence which should factor into debates about the impact of media violence on the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Alia-Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca N. Preston-Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Moeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Muhammad A. Parvaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhu
- Applied Mathematics and Statistics, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Millard C. Jayne
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chris Wong
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rita Z. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Joanna S. Fowler
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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