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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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2
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Vindiš T, Blažič A, Khayyat D, Potočnik T, Sachdev S, Rems L. Gene Electrotransfer into Mammalian Cells Using Commercial Cell Culture Inserts with Porous Substrate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091959. [PMID: 36145709 PMCID: PMC9506064 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene electrotransfer is one of the main non-viral methods for intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA, wherein pulsed electric fields are used to transiently permeabilize the cell membrane, allowing enhanced transmembrane transport. By localizing the electric field over small portions of the cell membrane using nanostructured substrates, it is possible to increase considerably the gene electrotransfer efficiency while preserving cell viability. In this study, we expand the frontier of localized electroporation by designing an electrotransfer approach based on commercially available cell culture inserts with polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) porous substrate. We first use multiscale numerical modeling to determine the pulse parameters, substrate pore size, and other factors that are expected to result in successful gene electrotransfer. Based on the numerical results, we design a simple device combining an insert with substrate containing pores with 0.4 µm or 1.0 µm diameter, a multiwell plate, and a pair of wire electrodes. We test the device in three mammalian cell lines and obtain transfection efficiencies similar to those achieved with conventional bulk electroporation, but at better cell viability and with low-voltage pulses that do not require the use of expensive electroporators. Our combined theoretical and experimental analysis calls for further systematic studies that will investigate the influence of substrate pore size and porosity on gene electrotransfer efficiency and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vindiš
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Blažič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diaa Khayyat
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz University Hannover, An der Universität 1, 30823 Garbsen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tjaša Potočnik
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Shaurya Sachdev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Rems
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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4
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Muralidharan A, Pesch GR, Hubbe H, Rems L, Nouri-Goushki M, Boukany PE. Microtrap array on a chip for localized electroporation and electro-gene transfection. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108197. [PMID: 35810498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a localized single-cell electroporation chip to deliver exogenous biomolecules with high efficiency while maintaining high cell viability. In our microfluidic device, the cells are trapped in a microtrap array by flow, after which target molecules are supplied to the device and electrotransferred to the cells under electric pulses. The system provides the ability to monitor the electrotransfer of exogenous biomolecules in real time. We reveal through numerical simulations that localized electroporation is the mechanism of permeabilization in the microtrap array electroporation device. We demonstrate the simplicity and accuracy of this microtrap technology for electroporation by delivery of both small molecules using propidium iodide and large molecules using plasmid DNA for gene expression, illustrating the potential of this minimally invasive method to be widely used for precise intracellular delivery purposes (from bioprocess engineering to therapeutic applications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Hubbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Rems
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mahdiyeh Nouri-Goushki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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Yang J, Xu Y. Nanofluidics for sub-single cellular studies: Nascent progress, critical technologies, and future perspectives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sheng Y, Huang Z, Zhang T, Qian F, Zhu Y, Dong Z, Zhang Q, Lei Q, Kong F, Wang Y, Walden M, Wuttke S, Chang L, Zhu W, Hu J. Living Cell Nanoporation and Exosomal RNA Analysis Platform for Real-Time Assessment of Cellular Therapies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9443-9450. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zena Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tenghua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyang Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Lei
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanhui Kong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maddie Walden
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
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Wahane A, Malik S, Shih KC, Gaddam RR, Chen C, Liu Y, Nieh MP, Vikram A, Bahal R. Dual-Modality Poly-l-histidine Nanoparticles to Deliver Peptide Nucleic Acids and Paclitaxel for In Vivo Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45244-45258. [PMID: 34524806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymeric nanoformulations have been explored to increase the transfection efficiency of small molecules and nucleic acid-based drugs. However, an excessive positive charge density often leads to severe cell and tissue-based toxicity that restricts the clinical translation of cationic polymeric nanoformulations. Herein, we investigate a series of cationic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-histidine-based nanoformulations for enhanced cytoplasmic delivery with minimal toxicity. PLGA/poly-l-histidine nanoparticles show promising physico-biochemical features and transfection efficiency in a series of in vitro and cell culture-based studies. Further, the use of acetone/dichloromethane as a solvent mixture during the formulation process significantly improves the morphology and size distribution of PLGA/poly-l-histidine nanoparticles. PLGA/poly-l-histidine nanoformulations undergo clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A contrast-matched small-angle neutron scattering experiment confirmed poly-l-histidine's distribution on the PLGA nanoformulations. PLGA/poly-l-histidine formulations containing paclitaxel as a small molecule-based drug and peptide nucleic acids targeting microRNA-155 as nucleic acid analog are efficacious in in vitro and in vivo studies. PLGA/poly-l-histidine NPs significantly decrease tumor growth in PNA-155 (∼6 fold) and paclitaxel (∼6.5 fold) treatment groups in a lymphoma cell line derived xenograft mice model without inducing any toxicity. Hence, PLGA/poly-l-histidine nanoformulations exhibit substantial transfection efficiency and are safe to deliver reagents ranging from small molecules to synthetic nucleic acid analogs and can serve as a novel platform for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Wahane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shipra Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Kuo-Chih Shih
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ravinder Reddy Gaddam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Chaohao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Mu-Ping Nieh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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8
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Tsuyama Y, Morikawa K, Mawatari K. Integration of sequential analytical processes into sub-100 nm channels: volumetric sampling, chromatographic separation, and label-free molecule detection. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8855-8863. [PMID: 33949427 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08385b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The progress of nanotechnology has developed nanofluidic devices utilizing nanochannels with a width and/or depth of sub-100 nm (101 nm channels), and several experiments have been implemented in ultra-small spaces comparable to DNAs and proteins. However, current experiments utilizing 101 nm channels focus on a single function or operation; integration of multiple analytical operations into 101 nm channels using nanofluidic circuits and fluidic control has yet to be realized despite the advantage of nanochannels. Herein, we report the establishment of a label-free molecule detection method for 101 nm channels and demonstration of sequential analytical processes using integrated nanofluidic devices. Our absorption-based detection method called photothermal optical diffraction (POD) enables non-invasive label-free molecule detection in 101 nm channels for the first time, and the limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 μM is achieved in 70 nm wide and deep nanochannels, which corresponds to 7.5 molecules in the detection volume of 7 aL. As a demonstration of sampling in 101 nm channels, aL-fL volumetric sampling is performed using 90 nm deep cross-shaped nanochannels and pressure-driven fluidic control from three directions. Finally, the POD and volumetric sampling are combined with nanochannel chromatography, and separation analysis in 101 nm channels is demonstrated. The experimental results reported in this paper will contribute to the advances in 101 nm fluidic devices which have the potential to provide a novel platform for chemical/biological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tsuyama
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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9
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Yamamoto K, Ota N, Tanaka Y. Nanofluidic Devices and Applications for Biological Analyses. Anal Chem 2021; 93:332-349. [PMID: 33125221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ota
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Laboratory for Integrated Biodevice, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Souza SO, Lira RB, Cunha CRA, Santos BS, Fontes A, Pereira G. Methods for Intracellular Delivery of Quantum Dots. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:1. [PMID: 33398442 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable attention as fluorescent probes for life sciences. The advantages of using QDs in fluorescence-based studies include high brilliance, a narrow emission band allowing multicolor labeling, a chemically active surface for conjugation, and especially, high photostability. Despite these advantageous features, the size of the QDs prevents their free transport across the plasma membrane, limiting their use for specific labeling of intracellular structures. Over the years, various methods have been evaluated to overcome this issue to explore the full potential of the QDs. Thus, in this review, we focused our attention on physical and biochemical QD delivery methods-electroporation, microinjection, cell-penetrating peptides, molecular coatings, and liposomes-discussing the benefits and drawbacks of each strategy, as well as presenting recent studies in the field. We hope that this review can be a useful reference source for researches that already work or intend to work in this area. Strategies for the intracellular delivery of quantum dots discussed in this review (electroporation, microinjection, cell-penetrating peptides, molecular coatings, and liposomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueden O Souza
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CB, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cássia R A Cunha
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária em Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Beate S Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CB, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, S/N, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Goreti Pereira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, CCEN, UFPE, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, Recife, 50740-560, PE, Brazil.
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Caprettini V, Huang J, Moia F, Jacassi A, Gonano CA, Maccaferri N, Capozza R, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Enhanced Raman Investigation of Cell Membrane and Intracellular Compounds by 3D Plasmonic Nanoelectrode Arrays. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800560. [PMID: 30581692 PMCID: PMC6299714 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
3D nanostructures are widely exploited in cell cultures for many purposes such as controlled drug delivery, transfection, intracellular sampling, and electrical recording. However, little is known about the interaction of the cells with these substrates, and even less about the effects of electroporation on the cellular membrane and the nuclear envelope. This work exploits 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes to study, by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the cell membrane dynamics on the nanostructured substrate before, during, and after electroporation. In vitro cultured cells tightly adhere on 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes precisely in the plasmonic hot spots, making this kind of investigation possible. After electroporation, the cell membrane dynamics are studied by recording the Raman time traces of biomolecules in contact or next to the 3D plasmonic nanoelectrode. During this process, the 3D plasmonic nanoelectrodes are intracellularly coupled, thus enabling the monitoring of different molecular species, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Scanning electron microscopy cross-section analysis evidences the possibility of nuclear membrane poration compatible with the reported Raman spectra. These findings may open a new route toward controlled intracellular sampling and intranuclear delivery of genic materials. They also show the possibility of nuclear envelope disruption which may lead to negative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian‐An Huang
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
| | - Fabio Moia
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
| | - Andrea Jacassi
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaVia Morego 3016163GenoaItaly
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Ahmed S, Okuma K, Matsumura K. Comparative analysis of the cellular entry of polystyrene and gold nanoparticles using the freeze concentration method. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1791-1799. [PMID: 29781016 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in nanoparticle delivery, established physical approaches, such as electroporation and sonication, result in cell damage, limiting their practical applications. In this study, we proposed a unique freeze concentration-based technique and evaluated the efficacy of the method using two types of nanoparticles: citrate-capped gold nanoparticles and carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles. We further compared the internalisation behaviour of particles of various sizes with and without freezing. Confocal microscopic images showed that the uptake efficacy of 50 nm nanomaterials was greater than that of 100 nm particles. Polystyrene nanoparticles of 50 nm size had more favourable adsorption and internalisation behaviours compared to those of gold nanoparticles after freeze concentration. We also examined the possible endocytic pathways involved in the uptake of gold and polystyrene nanoparticles, and found that the route differed between non-frozen and frozen conditions. Overall, we determined the influence of the freeze concentration strategy on both nanomaterial internalisation and the endocytic uptake pathway. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the internalisation of nanoparticles using a freezing approach and thereby contribute to further developments in nanotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahmed
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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Xing X, Pan Y, Yobas L. A Low-Backpressure Single-Cell Point Constriction for Cytosolic Delivery Based on Rapid Membrane Deformations. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1836-1844. [PMID: 29308899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically deforming biological cells through microfluidic constrictions is a recently introduced technique for the intracellular delivery of macromolecules possibly through transient membrane pores induced in the process. The technique is attractive for research and clinical applications mainly because it is simple, fast, and effective while being free of adverse effects often associated with well-known techniques that rely on field- or vector-based delivery. In this nascent approach, an utmost and crucial role is played by the constriction, often in rectangular profile, and it squeezes cells only in one dimension. The results achieved suggest that the longer the constriction is the higher the delivery performance. Contrary to this view, we demonstrate here a unique constriction profile that is highly localized (point) and yet returns comparably effective delivery. Point constrictions are of a semiround geometry, forcing cells in both dimensions while introducing very little backpressure to the system, which is a silicon-glass platform wherein constrictions are arranged in series along an array of channels. The influence of the constriction size and count as well as treatment pressure on delivery performance is presented on the basis of the flow-cytometric analyses of HCT116 cells treated using dextran as model molecules. Delivery performance is also presented for common mammalian cell lines including NIH 3T3, HEK293, and MDCK. Moreover, the versatility of the platform is demonstrated in gene knockdown experiments using synthetic siRNA as well as on the delivery of proteins. Target proteins in some cells exhibit nondiffusive distribution profile raising the plausibility of mechanisms other than transient membrane pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Xing
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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15
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Caprettini V, Cerea A, Melle G, Lovato L, Capozza R, Huang JA, Tantussi F, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Soft electroporation for delivering molecules into tightly adherent mammalian cells through 3D hollow nanoelectrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8524. [PMID: 28819252 PMCID: PMC5561120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation of in-vitro cultured cells is widely used in biological and medical areas to deliver molecules of interest inside cells. Since very high electric fields are required to electroporate the plasma membrane, depending on the geometry of the electrodes the required voltages can be very high and often critical to cell viability. Furthermore, in traditional electroporation configuration based on planar electrodes there is no a priori certain feedback about which cell has been targeted and delivered and the addition of fluorophores may be needed to gain this information. In this study we present a nanofabricated platform able to perform intracellular delivery of membrane-impermeable molecules by opening transient nanopores into the lipid membrane of adherent cells with high spatial precision and with the application of low voltages (1.5–2 V). This result is obtained by exploiting the tight seal that the cells present with 3D fluidic hollow gold-coated nanostructures that act as nanochannels and nanoelectrodes at the same time. The final soft-electroporation platform provides an accessible approach for controlled and selective drug delivery on ordered arrangements of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerea
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Laura Lovato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Jian-An Huang
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
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16
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van Onzen AHAM, Albertazzi L, Schenning APHJ, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Hydrophobicity determines the fate of self-assembled fluorescent nanoparticles in cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1626-1629. [PMID: 28097276 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fate of small molecule nanoparticles (SMNPs) composed of self-assembling intrinsically fluorescent π-conjugated oligomers was studied in cells as a function of side-chain hydrophobicity. While the hydrophobic SMNPs remained intact upon cellular uptake, the more hydrophilic SMNPs disassembled and dispersed throughout the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H A M van Onzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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17
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Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of carbon-based quantum dots: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:209-222. [PMID: 28061404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs) are a newly developed class of carbon nano-materials that have attracted much interest and attention as promising competitors to already available semiconductor quantum dots owing to their un-comparable and unique properties. In addition, controllability of CQDs unique physiochemical properties is as a result of their surface passivation and functionalization. This is an update article (between 2013 and 2016) on the recent progress, characteristics and synthesis methods of CQDs and different advantages in varieties of applications.
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18
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Abstract
Here, we present a review of recent advances in electroporation for the delivery of nanomedicine as intracellular carriers by electroporation (NICE) in a drug format with functional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Republic of Korea
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19
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Hildebrandt N, Spillmann CM, Algar WR, Pons T, Stewart MH, Oh E, Susumu K, Díaz SA, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:536-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pons
- LPEM;
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University; CNRS; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
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20
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Lee Y, Lim Y, Shin H. Mixed-scale channel networks including Kingfisher-beak-shaped 3D microfunnels for efficient single particle entrapment. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11810-11817. [PMID: 27279423 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible research results for nanofluidics and their applications require viable fabrication technologies to produce nanochannels integrated with microchannels that can guide fluid flow and analytes into/out of the nanochannels. We present the simple fabrication of mixed-scale polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel networks consisting of nanochannels and microchannels via a single molding process using a monolithic mixed-scale carbon mold. The monolithic carbon mold is fabricated by pyrolyzing a polymer mold patterned by photolithography. During pyrolysis, the polymer mold shrinks by ∼90%, which enables nanosized carbon molds to be produced without a complex nanofabrication process. Because of the good adhesion between the polymer mold and the Si substrate, non-uniform volume reduction occurs during pyrolysis resulting in the formation of curved carbon mold side walls. These curved side walls and the relatively low surface energy of the mold provide efficient demolding of the PDMS channel networks. In addition, the trigonal prismatic shape of the polymer is converted into to a Kingfisher-beak-shaped carbon structure due to the non-uniform volume reduction. The transformation of this mold architecture produces a PDMS Kingfisher-beak-shaped 3D microfunnel that connects the microchannel and the nanochannel smoothly. The smooth reduction in the cross-sectional area of the 3D microfunnels enables efficient single microparticle trapping at the nanochannel entrance; this is beneficial for studies of cell transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeongjin Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungjoo Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Molla MR, Levkin PA. Combinatorial Approach to Nanoarchitectonics for Nonviral Delivery of Nucleic Acids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1159-1175. [PMID: 26608939 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles based on cationic polymers, lipids or lipidoids are of great interest in the field of gene delivery applications. The research on these nanosystems is rapidly growing as they hold promise to treat wide variety of human diseases ranging from viral infections to genetic disorders and cancer. Recently, combinatorial design principles have been adopted for rapid generation of large numbers of chemically diverse polymers and lipids capable of forming multifunctional nanocarriers for the use in gene delivery applications. At the same time, current high-throughput screening systems as well as convenient cell assays and readout techniques allow for fast evaluation of cell transfection efficiencies and toxicities of libraries of novel gene delivery agents. This allows for a rapid evaluation of structure-function relationship as well as identification of novel efficient nanocarriers for cell transfection and gene therapy. Here, the recent contribution of high-throughput synthesis to the development of novel nanocarriers for gene delivery applications is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Applied Physical Chemistry, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Glazer PJ, Warringa Q, Bergen L, Boukany PE. Affordable techniques for fabricating large array of functional nanowires: From DNA to micellar systems. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:2187-90. [PMID: 26736724 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Large arrays of aligned DNA and polymeric nanowires ranging from 20 to 100 nm in diameter are fabricated by de-wetting of patterned surfaces. Compared to other nanofabrication techniques, our approach is robust, fast and low cost. In addition, arrays of functionalized nanowires for bio/chemical applications can be simply produced at large scale.
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23
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Passive and electro-assisted delivery of hydrogel nanoparticles in solid tumors, visualized by optical and magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:905-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Zhao X, Huang X, Wang X, Wu Y, Eisfeld AK, Schwind S, Gallego-Perez D, Boukany PE, Marcucci GI, Lee LJ. Nanochannel Electroporation as a Platform for Living Cell Interrogation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500111. [PMID: 27980918 PMCID: PMC5115302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A living cell interrogation platform based on nanochannel electroporation is demonstrated with analysis of RNAs in single cells. This minimally invasive process is based on individual cells and allows both multi-target analysis and stimulus-response analysis by sequential deliveries. The unique platform possesses a great potential to the comprehensive and lysis-free nucleic acid analysis on rare or hard-to-transfect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA; William G. Lowrie, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA
| | - Xinmei Wang
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA
| | - Yun Wu
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- Department of Internal Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA
| | - Guido I Marcucci
- Department of Internal Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Ly James Lee
- Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43212 USA; William G. Lowrie, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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25
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Rowland CE, Brown CW, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB. Intracellular FRET-based probes: a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:042006. [PMID: 29148511 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probes that exploit Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in their feedback mechanism are touted for their sensitivity, robustness, and low background, and thanks to the exceptional distance dependence of the energy transfer process, they provide a means of probing lengthscales well below the resolution of light. These attributes make FRET-based probes superbly suited to an intracellular environment, and recent developments in biofunctionalization and expansion of imaging capabilities have put them at the forefront of intracellular studies. Here, we present an overview of the engineering and execution of a variety of recent intracellular FRET probes, highlighting the diversity of this class of materials and the breadth of application they have found in the intracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Rowland
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. National Research Council, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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26
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Tong Z, Solanki A, Hamilos A, Levy O, Wen K, Yin X, Karp JM. Application of biomaterials to advance induced pluripotent stem cell research and therapy. EMBO J 2015; 34:987-1008. [PMID: 25766254 PMCID: PMC4406648 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Derived from any somatic cell type and possessing unlimited self-renewal and differentiation potential, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are poised to revolutionize stem cell biology and regenerative medicine research, bringing unprecedented opportunities for treating debilitating human diseases. To overcome the limitations associated with safety, efficiency, and scalability of traditional iPSC derivation, expansion, and differentiation protocols, biomaterials have recently been considered. Beyond addressing these limitations, the integration of biomaterials with existing iPSC culture platforms could offer additional opportunities to better probe the biology and control the behavior of iPSCs or their progeny in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we discuss the impact of biomaterials on the iPSC field, from derivation to tissue regeneration and modeling. Although still exploratory, we envision the emerging combination of biomaterials and iPSCs will be critical in the successful application of iPSCs and their progeny for research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Tong
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aniruddh Solanki
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison Hamilos
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oren Levy
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kendall Wen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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27
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Breger J, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Continuing progress toward controlled intracellular delivery of semiconductor quantum dots. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:131-51. [PMID: 25154379 PMCID: PMC4345423 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The biological applications of luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) continue to grow at a nearly unabated pace. This growth is driven, in part, by their unique photophysical and physicochemical properties which have allowed them to be used in many different roles in cellular biology including: as superior fluorophores for a wide variety of cellular labeling applications; as active platforms for assembly of nanoscale sensors; and, more recently, as a powerful tool to understand the mechanisms of nanoparticle mediated drug delivery. Given that controlled cellular delivery is at the intersection of all these applications, the latest progress in delivering QDs to cells is examined here. A brief discussion of relevant considerations including the importance of materials preparation and bioconjugation along with the continuing issue of endosomal sequestration is initially provided for context. Methods for the cellular delivery of QDs are then highlighted including those based on passive exposure, facilitated strategies that utilize peptides or polymers and fully active modalities such as electroporation and other mechanically based methods. Following on this, the exciting advent of QD cellular delivery using multiple or combined mechanisms is then previewed. Several recent methods reporting endosomal escape of QD materials in cells are also examined in detail with a focus on the mechanisms by which access to the cytosol is achieved. The ongoing debate over QD cytotoxicity is also discussed along with a perspective on how this field will continue to evolve in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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