1
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Chen Y, Lin X, Liu X, Liu Y, Bui-Le L, Blakney AK, Yeow J, Zhu Y, Stevens MM, Shattock RJ, Chen R, Brogan APS, Hallett JP. Thermally Robust Solvent-Free Liquid Polyplexes for Heat-Shock Protection and Long-Term Room Temperature Storage of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2965-2972. [PMID: 38682378 PMCID: PMC11094731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics have attracted recent attention as promising preventative solutions for a broad range of diseases. Nonviral delivery vectors, such as cationic polymers, improve the cellular uptake of nucleic acids without suffering the drawbacks of viral delivery vectors. However, these delivery systems are faced with a major challenge for worldwide deployment, as their poor thermal stability elicits the need for cold chain transportation. Here, we demonstrate a biomaterial strategy to drastically improve the thermal stability of DNA polyplexes. Importantly, we demonstrate long-term room temperature storage with a transfection efficiency maintained for at least 9 months. Additionally, extreme heat shock studies show retained luciferase expression after heat treatment at 70 °C. We therefore provide a proof of concept for a platform biotechnology that could provide long-term room temperature storage for temperature-sensitive nucleic acid therapeutics, eliminating the need for the cold chain, which in turn would reduce the cost of distributing life-saving therapeutics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Xuhan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Shenzhen
University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical
Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Liem Bui-Le
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Anna K. Blakney
- Department
of Infectious Disease, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1NY, U.K.
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Michael Smith
Laboratories, 2185 East
Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, SW7 2AZ London, South Kensington, U.K.
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School
of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, SW7 2AZ London, South Kensington, U.K.
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department
of Infectious Disease, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1NY, U.K.
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Alex P. S. Brogan
- Department
of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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2
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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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3
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang K, Zhang G, Du Q, Liang Q, Wu Z. Azobenzene-containing surfactant directs small features of DNA thermotropic liquid crystals via bottom-up and top-down strategies. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:147-154. [PMID: 37207742 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Compared to classical block copolymers, the self-assembly of small molecules shows an advantage in addressing small features. As a new type of solvent-free ionic complexes, azobenzene-containing DNA thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) form an assembly as block copolymers when using small DNA. However, the self-assembly behavior of such biomaterials has not been fully investigated. In this study, photoresponsive DNA TLCs are fabricated by employing an azobenzene-containing surfactant with double flexible chains. For these DNA TLCs, the self-assembly behavior of DNA and surfactants could be guided by the factors of the molar ratio of azobenzene-containing surfactant, dsDNA/ssDNA, and presence or absence of water, which addresses the bottom-up control on domain spacing of mesophase. Meanwhile, such DNA TLCs also gain top-down control on morphology via photoinduced phase change. This work would provide a strategy for regulating the small features of solvent-free biomaterials, facilitating the development of patterning templates based on photoresponsive biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The relationship between nanostructure and function is attractive in the science of biomaterials. With biocompatibility and degradability, photoresponsive DNA materials in solutions have been widely studied in biological and medical areas, but they are still hard to obtain in a condensed state. The complex created with designed azobenzene-containing surfactants paves the way for obtaining condensed photoresponsive DNA materials. However, fine control of the small features of such biomaterials has not yet been achieved. In this study, we present a bottom-up strategy of controlling the small features of such DNA materials and, simultaneously, the top-down control of morphology via photoinduced phase change. This work provides a bi-directional approach to controlling the small features of condensed biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qianyao Du
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qikai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhongtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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4
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Nelson MT, Slocik JM, Romer EJ, Mankus CI, Agans RT, Naik RR, Hussain SM. Examining cellular responses to reconstituted antibody protein liquids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17066. [PMID: 34426606 PMCID: PMC8382709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ionic liquids (PIL) are a new class of biologic stabilizers designed to protect the functionality and extend the shelf-life of biotechnological and therapeutic agents making them more readily available, and resistant to austere environments. Protein biorecognition elements such as monoclonal antibodies are commonly utilized therapeutics that require the robust stabilization offered by PILs, but biocompatibility remains an important issue. This study has focused on characterizing the biocompatibility of an antibody based PIL by exposing multiple cells types to a cationized immunoglobulin suspended in an anionic liquid (IgG-IL). The IgG-IL caused no significant alterations in cellular health for all three cell types with treatments < 12.5 µg/mL. Concentrations ≥ 12.5 µg/mL resulted in significant necrotic cell death in A549 and HaCaT cells, and caspase associated cell death in HepG2 cells. In addition, all cells displayed evidence of oxidative stress and IL-8 induction in response to IgG-IL exposures. Therapeutic Ig can be utilized with a wide dose range that extends into concentrations we have found to exhibit cytotoxicity raising a toxicity concern and a need for more extensive understanding of the biocompatibility of IgG-ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tyler Nelson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA.
| | - Joseph M Slocik
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA.,UES Inc., Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Eric J Romer
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA.,UES Inc., Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | | | | | - Rajesh R Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Saber M Hussain
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
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5
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Stevens CA, Kaur K, Klok HA. Self-assembly of protein-polymer conjugates for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:447-460. [PMID: 33984408 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polymer conjugates are a class of molecules that combine the stability of polymers with the diversity, specificity, and functionality of biomolecules. These bioconjugates can result in hybrid materials that display properties not found in their individual components and can be particularly relevant for drug delivery applications. Engineering amphiphilicity into these bioconjugate materials can lead to phase separation and the assembly of high-order structures. The assembly, termed self-assembly, of these hierarchical structures entails multiple levels of organization: at each level, new properties emerge, which are, in turn, influenced by lower levels. Here, we provide a critical review of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly and how these materials can be used for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. In addition, we discuss central bioconjugate design questions and propose future perspectives for the field of protein-polymer conjugate self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Stevens
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Brogan APS. Preparation and application of solvent-free liquid proteins with enhanced thermal and anhydrous stabilities. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective details a robust chemical modification strategy to protect proteins from temperature, aggregation, and non-aqueous environments.
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7
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Bui-Le L, Brogan APS, Hallett JP. Solvent-free liquid avidin as a step toward cold chain elimination. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:592-600. [PMID: 33090452 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of vaccines and therapeutic proteins forces the distribution of life-saving treatments to rely heavily on the temperature-controlled (usually 2-8°C) supply and distribution network known as the cold chain. Here, using avidin as a model, we demonstrate how surface engineering could significantly increase the thermal stability of therapeutic proteins. A combination of spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism, and ultraviolet-visible) and scattering techniques (dynamic light scattering, small-angle, and wide-angle X-ray scattering) were deployed to probe the activity, structure, and stability of the model protein. Temperature-dependent synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to demonstrate a significant increase in thermal stability, with a half denaturation temperature of 139.0°C and reversible unfolding with modified avidin returning to a 90% folded state when heated to temperatures below 100°C. Accelerated aging studies revealed that modified avidin retained its secondary structure after storage at 40°C for 56 days, equivalent to 160 days at 25°C. Furthermore, binding studies with multiple ligands revealed that the binding site remained functional after modification. As a result, this approach has potential as a storage technology for therapeutic proteins and the elimination of the cold chain, enabling the dissemination of life-saving vaccines worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liem Bui-Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex P S Brogan
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, London, UK
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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9
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Huang Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Song A, Hao J. Phenylalanine-based ionic liquid crystals with water-induced phase transition behaviors. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Atanasova P, Atanasov V, Wittum L, Southan A, Choi E, Wege C, Kerres J, Eiben S, Bill J. Hydrophobization of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to Control the Mineralization of Organic Templates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E800. [PMID: 31137720 PMCID: PMC6567237 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The robust, anisotropic tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) provides a monodisperse particle size and defined surface chemistry. Owing to these properties, it became an excellent bio-template for the synthesis of diverse nanostructured organic/inorganic functional materials. For selective mineralization of the bio-template, specific functional groups were introduced by means of different genetically encoded amino acids or peptide sequences into the polar virus surface. An alternative approach for TMV surface functionalization is chemical coupling of organic molecules. To achieve mineralization control in this work, we developed a synthetic strategy to manipulate the surface hydrophilicity of the virus through covalent coupling of polymer molecules. Three different types of polymers, namely the perfluorinated (poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS)), the thermo-responsive poly(propylene glycol) acrylate (PPGA), and the block-copolymer polyethylene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) were examined. We have demonstrated that covalent attachment of hydrophobic polymer molecules with proper features retains the integrity of the virus structure. In addition, it was found that the degree of the virus hydrophobicity, examined via a ZnS mineralization test, could be tuned by the polymer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Atanasov
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Böblinger Straße 78, 70199 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Lisa Wittum
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biological Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biological Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jochen Kerres
- Institute of Chemical Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Böblinger Straße 78, 70199 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biological Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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11
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Huang Z, Qi P, Liu Y, Chai C, Wang Y, Song A, Hao J. Ionic-surfactants-based thermotropic liquid crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15256-15281. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionic surfactants can be combined with various functional groups through electrostatic interaction, resulting in a series of thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
| | - Ping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
| | - Chunxiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
| | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- China
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12
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Zhang L, Ma C, Sun J, Shao B, Portale G, Chen D, Liu K, Herrmann A. Genetically Engineered Supercharged Polypeptide Fluids: Fast and Persistent Self-Ordering Induced by Touch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Chao Ma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jing Sun
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Baiqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Process Equipment; College of Energy Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Present address: DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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13
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Zhang L, Ma C, Sun J, Shao B, Portale G, Chen D, Liu K, Herrmann A. Genetically Engineered Supercharged Polypeptide Fluids: Fast and Persistent Self-Ordering Induced by Touch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6878-6882. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; 266042 Qingdao China
| | - Chao Ma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jing Sun
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Baiqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Process Equipment; College of Energy Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 130022 Changchun China
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Present address: DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
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14
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Liu K, Ma C, Göstl R, Zhang L, Herrmann A. Liquefaction of Biopolymers: Solvent-free Liquids and Liquid Crystals from Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1212-1221. [PMID: 28474899 PMCID: PMC5438196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biomacromolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins,
and virus particles, are persistent molecular entities with dimensions
that exceed the range of their intermolecular forces hence undergoing
degradation by thermally induced bond-scission upon heating. Consequently,
for this type of molecule, the absence of a liquid phase can be regarded
as a general phenomenon. However, certain advantageous properties
usually associated with the liquid state of matter, such as processability,
flowability, or molecular mobility, are highly sought-after features
for biomacromolecules in a solvent-free environment. Here, we provide
an overview over the design principles and synthetic pathways to obtain
solvent-free liquids of biomacromolecular architectures approaching
the topic from our own perspective of research. We will highlight
the milestones in synthesis, including a recently developed general
surfactant complexation method applicable to a large variety of biomacromolecules
as well as other synthetic principles granting access to electrostatically
complexed proteins and DNA. These synthetic pathways retain
the function and structure of the biomacromolecules even under extreme,
nonphysiological conditions at high temperatures in water-free melts
challenging the existing paradigm on the role of hydration in structural
biology. Under these conditions, the resulting complexes reveal their
true potential for previously unthinkable applications. Moreover,
these protocols open a pathway toward the assembly of anisotropic
architectures, enabling the formation of solvent-free biomacromolecular
thermotropic liquid crystals. These ordered biomaterials exhibit vastly
different mechanical properties when compared to the individual building
blocks. Beyond the preparative aspects, we will shine light on the
unique potential applications and technologies resulting from solvent-free
biomacromolecular fluids: From charge transport in dehydrated liquids
to DNA electrochromism to biocatalysis in the absence of a protein
hydration shell. Moreover, solvent-free biological liquids containing
viruses can be used as novel storage and process media serving as
a formulation technology for the delivery of highly concentrated bioactive
compounds. We are confident that this new class of hybrid biomaterials
will fuel further studies and applications of biomacromolecules beyond
water and other solvents and in a much broader context than just the
traditional physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Slocik JM, McKenzie R, Dennis PB, Naik RR. Creation of energetic biothermite inks using ferritin liquid protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15156. [PMID: 28447665 PMCID: PMC5414172 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic liquids function mainly as fuels due to low energy densities and slow combustion kinetics. Consequently, these properties can be significantly increased through the addition of metal nanomaterials such as aluminium. Unfortunately, nanoparticle additives are restricted to low mass fractions in liquids because of increased viscosities and severe particle agglomeration. Nanoscale protein ionic liquids represent multifunctional solvent systems that are well suited to overcoming low mass fractions of nanoparticles, producing stable nanoparticle dispersions and simultaneously offering a source of oxidizing agents for combustion of reactive nanomaterials. Here, we use iron oxide-loaded ferritin proteins to create a stable and highly energetic liquid composed of aluminium nanoparticles and ferritin proteins for printing and forming 3D shapes and structures. In total, this bioenergetic liquid exhibits increased energy output and performance, enhanced dispersion and oxidation stability, lower activation temperatures, and greater processability and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Slocik
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Ruel McKenzie
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Patrick B Dennis
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
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16
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Maassen SJ, van der Ham AM, Cornelissen JJLM. Combining Protein Cages and Polymers: from Understanding Self-Assembly to Functional Materials. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:987-994. [PMID: 35607217 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein cages, such as viruses, are well-defined biological nanostructures which are highly symmetrical and monodisperse. They are found in various shapes and sizes and can encapsulate or template non-native materials. Furthermore, the proteins can be chemically or genetically modified giving them new properties. For these reasons, these protein structures have received increasing attention in the field of polymer-protein hybrid materials over the past years, however, advances are still to be made. This Viewpoint highlights the different ways polymers and protein cages or their subunits have been combined to understand self-assembly and create functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan J. Maassen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular
Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van der Ham
- Laboratory for Biomolecular
Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular
Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 207, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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17
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Brogan APS, Hallett JP. Solubilizing and Stabilizing Proteins in Anhydrous Ionic Liquids through Formation of Protein-Polymer Surfactant Nanoconstructs. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4494-501. [PMID: 26976718 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonaqueous biocatalysis is rapidly becoming a desirable tool for chemical and fuel synthesis in both the laboratory and industry. Similarly, ionic liquids are increasingly popular anhydrous reaction media for a number of industrial processes. Consequently, the use of enzymes in ionic liquids as efficient, environment-friendly, commercial biocatalysts is highly attractive. However, issues surrounding the poor solubility and low stability of enzymes in truly anhydrous media remain a significant challenge. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that engineering the surface of a protein to yield protein-polymer surfactant nanoconstructs allows for dissolution of dry protein into dry ionic liquids. Using myoglobin as a model protein, we show that this method can deliver protein molecules with near native structure into both hydrophilic and hydrophobic anhydrous ionic liquids. Remarkably, using temperature-dependent synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy to measure half-denaturation temperatures, our results show that protein stability increases by 55 °C in the ionic liquid as compared to aqueous solution, pushing the solution thermal denaturation beyond the boiling point of water. Therefore, the work presented herein could provide a platform for the realization of biocatalysis at high temperatures or in anhydrous solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P S Brogan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
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18
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Zhang Y, Patil AJ, Perriman AW, Mann S. Enhanced catalytic activity in organic solvents using molecularly dispersed haemoglobin-polymer surfactant constructs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:9561-3. [PMID: 24018483 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface of haemoglobin (Hb) is chemically modified to produce molecular dispersions of discrete core-shell Hb-polymer surfactant bionanoconjugates in water and organic solvents. The hybrid nanoconstructs exhibit peroxidase-like catalytic activity with enhanced turnover rates compared with native Hb in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Zhang
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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19
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Brogan APS, Sharma KP, Perriman AW, Mann S. Isolation of a highly reactive β-sheet-rich intermediate of lysozyme in a solvent-free liquid phase. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8400-7. [PMID: 23790147 DOI: 10.1021/jp4041524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thermal denaturation of solvent-free liquid lysozyme at temperatures in excess of 200 °C was studied by synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy. Temperature-dependent changes in the secondary structure were used to map the equilibrium denaturation pathway and characterize a reactive β-sheet-rich unfolding intermediate that was stable in the solvent-free liquid phase under anhydrous conditions but which underwent irreversible aggregation in the presence of water. The unfolding intermediate had a transition temperature of 78 °C and was extremely stable to temperature, eventually reaching the fully denatured state at 178 °C. We propose that the three-stage denaturation pathway arises from the decreased stability of the native state due to the absence of any appreciable hydrophobic effect, along with an entropically derived stabilization of the reactive intermediate associated with molecular crowding in the solvent-free liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P S Brogan
- Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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20
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Honarbakhsh S, Guenther RH, Willoughby JA, Lommel SA, Pourdeyhimi B. Polymeric systems incorporating plant viral nanoparticles for tailored release of therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1001-7. [PMID: 23335438 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic polylactide (PLA) nanofibrous matrices are fabricated by incorporating plant viral nanoparticles (PVNs) infused with fluorescent agents ethidium bromide (EtBr) and rhodamine (Rho), and cancer therapeutic doxorubicin (Dox). The native virus, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), reversibly opens and closes upon exposure to the appropriate environmental stimuli. Infusing RCNMV with small molecules allows the incorporation of PVN(Active) into fibrous matrices via two methods: direct processing by in situ electrospinning of a polymer and PVNs solution or immersion of the matrix into a viral nanoparticle solution. Five organic solvents commonly in-use for electrospinning are evaluated for potential negative impact on RCNMV stability. In addition, leakage of rhodamine from the corresponding PVN(Rho) upon solvent exposure is determined. Incorporation of the PVN into the matrices are evaluated via transmission electron, scanning electron and fluorescent microscopies. Finally, the percent cumulative release of doxorubicin from both PLA nanofibers and PLA and polyethylene oxide (PEO) hybrid nanofibers demonstrate tailored release due to the incorporation of PVN(Dox) as compared to the control nanofibers with free Dox. Preliminary kinetic analysis results suggest a two-phase release profile with the first phase following a hindered Fickian transport mechanism for the release of Dox for the polymer-embedded PVNs. In contrast, the nanofiber matrices that incorporate PVNs through the immersion processing method followed a pseudo-first order kinetic transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Honarbakhsh
- The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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21
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Smith MT, Hawes AK, Bundy BC. Reengineering viruses and virus-like particles through chemical functionalization strategies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:620-6. [PMID: 23465756 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increasing demands from nanotechnology require increasingly more rigorous methods to control nanoparticle traits such as assembly, size, morphology, monodispersity, stability, and reactivity. Viruses are a compelling starting point for engineering nanoparticles, as eons of natural biological evolution have instilled diverse and desirable traits. The next step is to reengineer these viruses into something functional and useful. These reengineered particles, or virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs), are the foundation for many promising new technologies in drug delivery, targeted delivery, vaccines, imaging, and biocatalysis. To achieve these end goals, VNPs must often be manipulated genetically and post-translationally. We review prevailing strategies of genetic and noncovalent functionalization and focus on the covalent modifications using natural and unnatural amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Thomas Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, United States
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