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Kim MH, Jeong MW, Kim JS, Nam TU, Vo NTP, Jin L, Lee TI, Oh JY. Mechanically robust stretchable semiconductor metallization for skin-inspired organic transistors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2988. [PMID: 36542706 PMCID: PMC9770969 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent remarkable advances in stretchable organic thin-film field-effect transistors (OTFTs), the development of stretchable metallization remains a challenge. Here, we report a highly stretchable and robust metallization on an elastomeric semiconductor film based on metal-elastic semiconductor intermixing. We found that vaporized silver (Ag) atom with higher diffusivity than other noble metals (Au and Cu) forms a continuous intermixing layer during thermal evaporation, enabling highly stretchable metallization. The Ag metallization maintains a high conductivity (>104 S/cm) even under 100% strain and successfully preserves its conductivity without delamination even after 10,000 stretching cycles at 100% strain and several adhesive tape tests. Moreover, a native silver oxide layer formed on the intermixed Ag clusters facilitates efficient hole injection into the elastomeric semiconductor, which transcends previously reported stretchable source and drain electrodes for OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyouk Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Ngoc Thanh Phuong Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
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2
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New cyanopyridine‐based π‐conjugative poly(azomethine)s: Synthesis, characterization and electroluminescence studies. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Zhong Z, Ma Y, Liu H, Peng F, Ying L, Wang S, Li X, Peng J, Cao Y. Improving the Performance of Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Using a Hole Injection Layer with a High Work Function and Nanotexture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20750-20756. [PMID: 32266807 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
For light-emitting polymers with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level used for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), the hole injection barrier and hole transport of the anode buffer layer are of vital importance for optimizing electroluminescent performance. In this study, high-work-function hole injection layers with nanotextures were achieved by modifying poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with a perfluorinated ionomer (PFI) and n-butyl alcohol and were used to achieve a single-layer device without a hole transport layer. With such an interlayer, the PLEDs based on PPF-SO25 exhibit remarkable current efficiency over 13.0 cd A-1, which significantly outperform the devices with regular PEDOT:PSS. To our knowledge, this performance is among the best reported for single-layer blue PLEDs. The bias-dependent capacitance curves of these PLEDs suggest a nonuniform surface distribution of PFI. Our findings show that the PFI-modified PEDOT:PSS not only operates as a high-work-function hole injection layer to facilitate hole injection but also as a potential inner scattering medium for light extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yawei Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shirong Wang
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianggao Li
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Ligorio G, Cotella GF, Bonasera A, Zorn Morales N, Carnicella G, Kobin B, Wang Q, Koch N, Hecht S, List-Kratochvil EJW, Cacialli F. Modulating the luminance of organic light-emitting diodes via optical stimulation of a photochromic molecular monolayer at transparent oxide electrode. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5444-5451. [PMID: 32080701 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00724b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on bottom electrodes are commonly used to tune charge carrier injection or blocking in optoelectronic devices. Beside the enhancement of device performance, the fabrication of multifunctional devices in which the output can be modulated by multiple external stimuli remains a challenging target. In this work, we report the functionalization of an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode with a SAM of a diarylethene derivative designed for optically control the electronic properties. Following the demonstration of dense SAM formation and its photochromic activity, as a proof-of-principle, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) embedding the light-responsive SAM-covered electrode was fabricated and characterized. Optically addressing the two-terminal device by irradiation with ultraviolet light doubles the electroluminescence. The original value can be restored reversibly by irradiation with visible light. This expanded functionality is based on the photoinduced modulation of the electronic structure of the diarylethene isomers, which impact the charge carriers' confinement within the emissive layer. This approach could be successfully exploited in the field of opto-communication technology, for example to fabricate opto-electronic logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ligorio
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor-Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Giovanni F Cotella
- University College London, Department Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany and University of Palermo, Department of Physics and Chemistry "Emilio Segrè", Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolas Zorn Morales
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor-Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Giuseppe Carnicella
- University College London, Department Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
| | - Björn Kobin
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Qiankun Wang
- University of Palermo, Department of Physics and Chemistry "Emilio Segrè", Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Norbert Koch
- University of Palermo, Department of Physics and Chemistry "Emilio Segrè", Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy and Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials & RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emil J W List-Kratochvil
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof, Brook-Taylor-Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany. and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Brook-Taylor-Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franco Cacialli
- University College London, Department Physics and Astronomy and London Centre for Nanotechnology, London WC1H 0AH, UK.
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Peng F, Zhong W, Zhong Z, Guo T, Ying L. Improving the Electroluminescent Performance of Blue Light-Emitting Polymers by Side-Chain Modification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8495-8502. [PMID: 32000485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blue light-emitting polymers are in urgent demand for new-generation display and solid-state lighting devices fabricated through low-cost wet processing. However, their current performances are far from satisfactory. Here, we developed a series of poly(fluorene-co-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxides) (PFSOs) bearing different alkyl chains, alkoxyphenyl chains, or both alkylaryl and alkoxyphenyl side chains. The introduction of alkoxyphenyl groups moderately enhanced the electron-donating ability of the polymers, leading to more balanced charge carrier fluxes. Meanwhile, asymmetric bulky side chains enabled more pronounced variation of molecular conformation while restraining the intermolecular aggregation of polymers, resulting in a lower refractive index, thus facilitating light extraction compared with polymers based on the same two alkyl or alkoxyphenyl side chains. Polymer light-emitting devices based on PFSO-BMD with asymmetric side chains exhibited a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.58 cd A-1, associated with pure blue Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.14). These findings demonstrated that side-chain modification can be an effective strategy for developing efficient solution-processable blue light-emitting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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6
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Ngo PS, Hung MK, Tsai KW, Sharma S, Chen SA. Highly Efficient Solution-Processed Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Bluish-Green and Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Novel Bipolar Host Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45939-45948. [PMID: 31724847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two pyridine-containing bipolar host materials with high triplet energy, 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethyl-10-(3-(6-(3-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl acridin (DDMACPy) and N-(3-(6-(3-(diphenyl amino)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (DTPAPy), are synthesized from the modification of the commonly adapted host material 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine (DCzPPy). The highest occupied molecular orbital levels of DDMACPy (5.50 eV) and DTPAPy (5.60 eV) are found to be shallower than that of DCzPPy (5.90 eV) that leads to the improvement in hole injection from the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS (WF = 5.10 eV). These host materials are used in the emitting layer of bluish-green organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter, 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, as the guest. The DDMACPy-based device shows the highest performance among them, with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax), current efficiency (CEmax), and power efficiency (PEmax) of 21.0%, 53.1 cd A-1, and 44.0 lm W-1 at CIE (0.17, 0.42), respectively. By further doping with the red-emitting phosphor iridium(III) bis(2-phenylquinoline)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-ionate) [Ir(dpm)PQ2] and yellow-emitting phosphor iridium(III) bis(4-(4-t-butylphenyl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C20)acetylacetonate (PO-01-TB) emitters into the bluish-green emitting layer, a TADF-phosphor hybrid white OLED (T-P WOLED) is obtained with excellent EQEmax, CEmax, and PEmax of 17.4%, 48.7 cd A-1, and 44.5 lm W-1 at CIE (0.35, 0.44), respectively. Moreover, both the bluish-green and WOLED show a low efficiency roll-off with external quantum efficiencies at the brightness of 1000 cd m-2 (EQE1000) of 18.7 and 16.2%, respectively, which are the highest performance records among the solution-processed TADF bluish-green and T-P WOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu Si Ngo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ken Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Show-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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7
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Xiao H, Zhang X, Wang JY, Zhang LY, Zhang QC, Chen ZN. Enhancing Phosphorescence through Rigidifying the Conformation to Achieve High-Efficiency OLEDs by Modified PEDOT. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45853-45861. [PMID: 31724840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine (dpmp)-supported Pt2Au heterotrinuclear complexes [Pt2Au(dpmp)2(C≡CPh)4](ClO4) (1), [Pt2Au(dpmp)2(DEBf)(C≡CPh)2](ClO4) (2), and [Pt2Au(dpmp)2(DECz)(C≡CPh)2](ClO4) (3) were prepared and used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as a new class of light emitters, where DEBf = dibenzofuran-4,6-diacetylide and DECz = 3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazole-1,8-diacetylide. Although the flexible structure of Pt2Au complex 1 (λem = 503 nm, Φem < 0.1%) results in weak photoluminescence in fluid CH2Cl2, complexes 2 (λem = 585 nm, Φem = 4.9%) and 3 (λem = 589 nm, Φem = 3.2%) with a rigid conformation give a much stronger phosphorescence. The displacement of two σ-bonded phenylacetylide ligands with a diacetylide ligand such as DEBf and DECz to fasten Pt2Au structures facilitates greatly luminescent emission so that the emissive quantum yield in doping film is as high as 89% for 2 and 93% for 3. As revealed by a theoretical study, the severe structural distortion of diacetylide-linked Pt2Au complexes 2 (λem = 585 nm) and 3 (λem = 589 nm) in a triplet excited state gives rise to significant red shifts of phosphorescent emission spectra relative to that of complex 1 (λem = 503 nm). By means of Pt2Au complexes as phosphorescent emitters, solution-processed OLEDs achieved a relatively low external quantum efficiency (EQE < 9.5%) when commercial poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) was used as the hole-injection layer (HIL). In contrast, the peak EQE was increased to 18.3% with a dramatic increase of efficiency by the use of modified HILs composed of PEDOT:PSS and PSS-Na, which provide a higher work function and a better film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Jin-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Li-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Qian-Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Zhong-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
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Rajesh M, Justin Raj C, Kim BC, Manikandan R, Kim KH, Park SY, Yu KH. Evaporative successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction polymerization of PEDOT: a simple and cost effective technique for binder free supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jiang Y, Fang M, Chang SJ, Huang JJ, Chu SQ, Hu SM, Liu CF, Lai WY, Huang W. Towards Monodisperse Star-Shaped Ladder-Type Conjugated Systems: Design, Synthesis, Stabilized Blue Electroluminescence, and Amplified Spontaneous Emission. Chemistry 2017; 23:5448-5458. [PMID: 28195668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of monodisperse star-shaped ladder-type oligo(p-phenylene)s, named as TrL-n (n=1-3), have been explored. Their thermal and electrochemical properties, fluorescence transients, photoluminescence quantum yields, density functional theory calculations, electroluminescence (EL) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) properties have been systematically investigated to unravel the molecular design on optoelectronic properties. The resulting materials showed excellent structural perfection, free of chemical defects, and exhibited great thermal stability (Td : 404-418 °C and Tg : 147-184 °C) and amorphous glassy morphologies. Compared with their corresponding linear counterparts FL-m (m=1-3), TrL-n showed only little bathochromic shifts (5-12 nm) for the absorption maxima λmax in both solution and films. The star-shaped ladder-type compounds exhibited enhanced optical stability and suppressed low-energy emission. Their EL spectra exhibited excellent stability with increasing the driving voltage from 6 to 12 V. Moreover, superior low ASE thresholds were recorded for TrL-n compared with FL-m. Rather low ASE threshold (29 nJ per pulse or 1.60 μJ cm-2 ) was recorded for TrL-3, demonstrating their promising potential as excellent gain media. This study provides a novel design concept to develop monodisperse star-shaped ladder-type materials with excellent structural perfection, which are vital for shedding light on exploring robust organic emitters for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Fang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Si-Ju Chang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Chu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced, Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced, Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Cao L, Tang Q, Wang G. Synthesis and performance of cross-linked PEDOT:MOI-P(SS-HEA) transparent conductive films by UV irradiation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02859d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel multi-functional counteranion of methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate grafting poly(styrene sulfonate-co-2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) [MOI-P(SS-HEA)] for PEDOT was designed to improve the humidity stability and water resistance of PEDOT:PSS-based conductive films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Qianqiu Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Gengchao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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11
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Zhang G, Baumgarten M, Auer M, Trattnig R, List-Kratochvil EJW, Müllen K. Core-and-Surface-Functionalized Polyphenylene Dendrimers for Solution-Processed, Pure-Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Through Surface-to-Core Energy Transfer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1931-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 Mainz D-55128 Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 Mainz D-55128 Germany
| | - Manuel Auer
- NanoTecCenter Weiz Forschungsgesellschaft mbH; Franz-Pichler-Straße 32 8160 Weiz Austria
| | - Roman Trattnig
- NanoTecCenter Weiz Forschungsgesellschaft mbH; Franz-Pichler-Straße 32 8160 Weiz Austria
| | - Emil J. W. List-Kratochvil
- NanoTecCenter Weiz Forschungsgesellschaft mbH; Franz-Pichler-Straße 32 8160 Weiz Austria
- Institute of Solid State Physics; Graz University of Technology; A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 Mainz D-55128 Germany
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12
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McDowell JJ, Maier-Flaig F, Wolf TJA, Unterreiner AN, Lemmer U, Ozin G. Synthesis and application of photolithographically patternable deep blue emitting poly(3,6-dimethoxy-9,9-dialkylsilafluorene)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:83-93. [PMID: 24024545 DOI: 10.1021/am4025406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(silafluorene)s (PSFs) are promising light-emitting materials with brilliant solid-state blue luminescence, high quantum efficiency, excellent solubility, and improved thermal and chemical stability. PSFs are reported to have high electron affinity and conductivity originating from σ*-π* conjugation between the σ*-antibonding orbital of the exocyclic Si-C bond and the π* antibonding orbital of the butadiene fragment, a promising characteristic for improved charge carrier balance in OLEDs. In this paper, we present a protocol for photopatterning derivatives of poly(3,6-dimethoxy-9,9-dialkylsilafluorenes) with resolutions exceeding 10 μm. The procedure begins by converting polymers (Mn = 50-55 kg/mol, PDI = 1.8) with cyclohexenyl and norbornenyl containing side chains to their respective epoxides using the Prilezhaev reaction and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). Using the I-line (365 nm) of a Karl Suss MA6 mask aligner, a 1 s UV light exposure of the photoacid generator (PAG) bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluoro-phosphate (DtBPI-PF6) generates sufficient protons to catalyze epoxide ring-opening and form a bridging network of covalent C-O bonds which renders the material insoluble in developing solvents such as toluene or THF. The resultant cross-linked material possess characteristic blue photoluminescence with solid state quantum yields >80%. Polymer films have excellent transparency (with a measured Eg ≈ 3.0 eV). Energy levels determined using cyclic voltammetry were -5.7 and -2.7 eV for HOMO and LUMO, respectively. Additionally, several device applications are demonstrated which incorporate cross-linked films. These include examples of solid state lasing in the region of 420-450 nm from cross-linked films on second order corrugated silica substrates (Λ = 200 nm). OLEDs were also prepared with a cross-linked emitting layer as part of a trilayer device which we report to have a maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.2% at 33 mA/cm(2) and a stable blue-violet emission with an electroluminescence maximum at 410 nm. Photopatternable PSF epoxides are also shown to be efficient hosts for Förster energy transfer and we provide examples of pattern layers incorporating small molecule emitters which emit in both the red and green while blue emission of the host is effectively suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J McDowell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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