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García-Risueño P, Armengol E, García-Cerdaña À, García-Lastra JM, Carrasco-Busturia D. Electron-vibrational renormalization in fullerenes through ab initio and machine learning methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38984472 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The effect of nuclear vibrations on the electronic eigenvalues and the HOMO-LUMO gap is known for several kinds of carbon-based materials, like diamond, diamondoids, carbon nanoclusters, carbon nanotubes and others, like hydrogen-terminated oligoynes and polyyne. However, it has not been widely analysed in another remarkable kind which presents both theoretical and technological interest: fullerenes. In this article we present the study of the HOMO, LUMO and gap renormalizations due to zero-point motion of a relatively large number (163) of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives. We have calculated this renormalization using density-functional theory with the frozen-phonon method, finding that it is non-negligible (above 0.1 eV) for systems with relevant technological applications in photovoltaics and that the strength of the renormalization increases with the size of the gap. In addition, we have applied machine learning methods for classification and regression of the renormalizations, finding that they can be approximately predicted using the output of a computationally cheap ground state calculation. Our conclusions are supported by recent research in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Armengol
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, (IIIA, CSIC) Carrer de Can Planes, s/n, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Àngel García-Cerdaña
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, (IIIA, CSIC) Carrer de Can Planes, s/n, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan María García-Lastra
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Carrasco-Busturia
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Taouali W, Alimi K, Sindhoo Nangraj A, Casida ME. Density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT study of the chemical and physical origins of key photoproperties of end-group derivatives of a nonfullerene acceptor molecule for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2130-2148. [PMID: 37452478 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As emphasized in a recent review article (Chem. Rev. 2022, 122, 14180), organic solar cell (OSC) photoconversion efficiency has been rapidly evolving with results increasingly comparable to those of traditional inorganic solar cells. Historically, OSC performance improvement focused first on the morphology of P3HT:PC 61 BM solar cells then went through different stages to shift lately interest towards nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) as a replacement ofPC 61 BM acceptor (ACC) molecule. Here, we use density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT to investigate four novel NFAs of A-D-A (acceptor-donor-acceptor) form derived from the recently synthesized IDIC-4Cl (Dyes Pigm. 2019, 166, 196). Our level of theory is carefully evaluated for IDIC-4Cl and then applied to the four novel NFAs in order to understand how chemical modifications lead to physical changes in cyclic voltammetry (CV) frontier molecular orbital energies and absorption spectra in solution. Finally we design and apply a new type of Scharber plot for NFAs based upon some simple but we think reasonable assumptions. Unlike the original Scharber plots where a larger DON band gap favors a larger PCE, our modified Scharber plot reflects the fact that a smaller ACC band gap may favor PCE by filling in gaps in the DON acceptor spectrum. We predict that only the candidate molecule with the least good acceptor A, with the highest frontier molecular orbital energies, and one of the larger CV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) - highest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO) gaps, will yield a PM6:ACC PCE exceeding that of the parent IDIC-4Cl ACC. This candidate also shows the largest oscillator strength for the primary1 (HOMO, LUMO) charge- transfer transition and the largest degree of delocalization of charge transfer of any of the ACC molecules investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Taouali
- Laboratoire de Recherche (LR18ES19), Synthèse Asymétrique et Ingénierie Moléculaire de Matériaux Organiques pour l'Électroniques Organiques, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Alimi
- Laboratoire de Recherche (LR18ES19), Synthèse Asymétrique et Ingénierie Moléculaire de Matériaux Organiques pour l'Électroniques Organiques, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physicochimique (INRAP) pole technologique Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Asma Sindhoo Nangraj
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark E Casida
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie, Interactions et Chimie théorique (SITh), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM, UMR CNRS/UGA 5250), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble (ICMG, FR2607), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
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3
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Liu Q, Vandewal K. Understanding and Suppressing Non-Radiative Recombination Losses in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302452. [PMID: 37201949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells benefit from non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) due to their high absorption coefficients, tunable frontier energy levels, and optical gaps, as well as their relatively high luminescence quantum efficiencies as compared to fullerenes. Those merits result in high yields of charge generation at a low or negligible energetic offset at the donor/NFA heterojunction, with efficiencies over 19% achieved for single-junction devices. Pushing this value significantly over 20% requires an increase in open-circuit voltage, which is currently still well below the thermodynamic limit. This can only be achieved by reducing non-radiative recombination, and hereby increasing the electroluminescence quantum efficiency of the photo-active layer. Here, current understanding of the origin of non-radiative decay, as well as an accurate quantification of the associated voltage losses are summarized. Promising strategies for suppressing these losses are highlighted, with focus on new material design, optimization of donor-acceptor combination, and blend morphology. This review aims at guiding researchers in their quest to find future solar harvesting donor-acceptor blends, which combine a high yield of exciton dissociation with a high yield of radiative free carrier recombination and low voltage losses, hereby closing the efficiency gap with inorganic and perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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4
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Wang J, Xue P, Jiang Y, Huo Y, Zhan X. The principles, design and applications of fused-ring electron acceptors. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:614-634. [PMID: 37117709 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) have a donor-acceptor-donor structure comprising an electron-donating fused-ring core, electron-accepting end groups, π-bridges and side chains. FREAs possess beneficial features, such as feasibility to tailor their structures, high property tunability, strong visible and near-infrared light absorption and excellent n-type semiconducting characteristics. FREAs have initiated a revolution to the field of organic solar cells in recent years. FREA-based organic solar cells have achieved unprecedented efficiencies, over 20%, which breaks the theoretical efficiency limit of traditional fullerene acceptors (~13%), and boast potential operational lifetimes approaching 10 years. Based on the original studies of FREAs, a variety of new structures, mechanisms and applications have flourished. In this Review, we introduce the fundamental principles of FREAs, including their structures and inherent electronic and physical properties. Next, we discuss the way in which the properties of FREAs can be modulated through variations to the electronic structure or molecular packing. We then present the current applications and consider the future areas that may benefit from developments in FREAs. Finally, we conclude with the position of FREA chemistry, reflecting on the challenges and opportunities that may arise in the future of this burgeoning field.
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5
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Chen M, Zeng Y, Chen G, Qiu Y. Highly Regioselective Synthesis of Bisadduct[C 70] Additive toward the Enhanced Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142355. [PMID: 35889579 PMCID: PMC9324603 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The high-regioselective synthesis of bisadducts based on low-symmetry C70 has been a challenging work due to the large amount of formed regioisomers, which require tedious separation procedures for isomeric purity and block their application in different fields. Herein, we successfully obtained a novel 1, 2, 3, 4-bis(triazolino)fullerene[C70] 2 with high regioselectivity by the rigid tether-directed regioselective synthesis strategy and the corresponding molecular structure was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography characterization. The crystal data clearly show that the addition occurs at the domain of corannulene moiety at the end of ellipse C70 as well as the 1, 2, 3, 4-addition sites located at one hexagonal ring with a [6,6]-closed addition pattern. Furthermore, 2 was applied as an additive of perovskite layer to construct MAPbI3-based regular (n-i-p) perovskite solar cells, affording the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.59%, which is a 7% enhancement relative to that of control devices without additive.
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Wang J, Zhan X. From Perylene Diimide Polymers to
Fused‐Ring
Electron Acceptors: A
15‐Year
Exploration Journey of Nonfullerene Acceptors. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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7
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Xue P, Cheng P, Han RPS, Zhan X. Printing fabrication of large-area non-fullerene organic solar cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:194-219. [PMID: 34679154 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a bulk heterojunction structure exhibit inherent advantages, such as low cost, light weight, mechanical flexibility, and easy processing, and they are emerging as a potential renewable energy technology. However, most studies are focused on lab-scale, small-area (<1 cm2) devices. Large-area (>1 cm2) OSCs still exhibit considerable efficiency loss during upscaling from small-area to large-area, which is a big challenge. In recent years, along with the rapid development of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, many researchers have focused on developing large-area non-fullerene-based devices and modules. There are three essential issues in upscaling OSCs from small-area to large-area: fabrication technology, equipment development, and device component processing strategy. In this review, the challenges and solutions in fabricating high-performance large-area OSCs are discussed in terms of the abovementioned three aspects. In addition, the recent progress of large-area OSCs based on non-fullerene electron acceptors is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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8
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9
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Li D, Sun C, Yan T, Yuan J, Zou Y. Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Small-Molecule Acceptors toward High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1787-1797. [PMID: 34841053 PMCID: PMC8614097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying an asymmetric strategy to construct non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays a vital role in the development of organic photovoltaic materials. In the past several years, taking advantage of the larger dipole moment and stronger intermolecular interactions, asymmetric NFSMAs have witnessed tremendous progress in OSCs with a power conversion efficiency of over 18%. From a structural point of view, besides the possible changes in the conformation effect on molecular packing, asymmetric acceptors can also achieve a balance between the solubility and the crystallinity. Herein, we systematically investigate the structure-property-performance relationships of asymmetric NFSMAs that have recently emerged and try to clarify the feasibility and practicality of an asymmetric strategy for the design of higher-performance NFSMAs. Finally, we put forward our views and a concise outlook on the asymmetric strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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10
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He Y, Hanisch B, Osvet A, Lüer L, Aubele A, Bäuerle P, Li W, Li N, Brabec CJ. Quantitative Analysis of Charge Dissociation by Selectively Characterizing Exciton Splitting Efficiencies in Single Component Materials. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakun He
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) Paul-Gordan-Straße 6 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Benedict Hanisch
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andres Osvet
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Larry Lüer
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN) Immerwahrstraße 2 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN) Immerwahrstraße 2 91058 Erlangen Germany
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11
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Zheng B, Huo L. Recent Advances of Furan and Its Derivatives Based Semiconductor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100493. [PMID: 34928062 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-type organic solar cells (OSCs) have exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of exceeding 18%. Thereinto, thiophene and its fused-ring derivatives play significant roles in facilitating the development of OSCs due to their excellent semiconducting natures. Furan as thiophene analogue, is a ubiquitous motif in naturally occurring organic compounds. Driven by the advantages of furan, such as less steric hindrance, good solubility, excellent stacking, strong rigidity and fluorescence, biomass derived fractions, more and more research groups focus on the furan-based materials for using in OSCs in the past decade. To systematically understand the developments of furan-based photovoltaic materials, the relationships between the molecular structures, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performances for the furan-based semiconductor materials including single furan, benzofuran, benzodifuran (BDF) (containing thienobenzofuran (TBF)), naphthodifurans (NDF), and polycyclic furan are summarized. Finally, the empirical regularities and perspectives of the development of this kind of new organic semiconductor materials are extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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12
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Abdiulrsool H. AL-Taher, Lafy F. AL-Badry, Semiromi EH. Improvement of the Optoelectronic Properties of Terazulene Molecules for Organic Solar Cell Applications. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Fukuhara T, Yamazaki K, Hidani T, Saito M, Tamai Y, Osaka I, Ohkita H. Molecular Understanding of How the Interfacial Structure Impacts the Open-Circuit Voltage of Highly Crystalline Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34357-34366. [PMID: 34254768 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we study the origin of differences in open-circuit voltage (VOC) for polymer:fullerene solar cells employing highly crystalline conjugated polymers (PTzBT) based on the same thiophene-thiazolothiazole backbone with different side chains. By analyzing the temperature dependence of VOC and cyclic voltammogram, we find that the difference in VOC originates in the different cascaded energy structures for the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels in the interfacial mixed phase. Furthermore, we find that this is due to the stabilization of HOMO caused by the different branching of side chains on the basis of density functional theory calculation. Finally, we discuss the molecular design strategy based on side-chain engineering for ideal interfacial cascaded energy structures leading to higher VOC and photocurrent simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fukuhara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Yamazaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuto Hidani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yasunari Tamai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Applied Chemistry Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Mahmoudi C, Bulut I, Jing J, Fall S, Heinrich B, Méry S, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Steveler E, Majdoub M, Leclerc N. Regioisomers of Organic Semiconducting Dumbbell‐Shaped Molecules: Synthesis and Structure‐Properties Relationship. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Mahmoudi
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515-CNRS Université de Strasbourg, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir (Université de Monastir), Bd. De l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Bulut
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515-CNRS Université de Strasbourg, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Jiang Jing
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Sadiara Fall
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Méry
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS) UMR 7504-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS Université de Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Emilie Steveler
- Laboratoire ICube UMR 7357-CNRS INSA Strasbourg 24 Boulevard de la victoire 67084 France
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés (LIMA) Faculté des Sciences de Monastir (Université de Monastir), Bd. De l'Environnement 5019 Monastir Tunisia
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Énergie l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) UMR 7515-CNRS Université de Strasbourg, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
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15
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Vuai SAH, Babu NS. Theoretical design of low bandgap donor-acceptor (D-A) monomers for polymer solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT study. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:123-135. [PMID: 34104070 PMCID: PMC8118470 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1921923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endeavors have been made to construct new donor-acceptor (D-A) monomers utilizing 9 H-carbazole (CB) as electron donors and different electron acceptors. All estimations were finished using DFT and TD-DFT, and B3LYP level with a 6-311 G basis set in the gas and chloroform solvent. The impacts of the distinctive acceptors on the geometry of molecules and optoelectronic properties of these D-A monomers were discussed to dissect the connection connecting the molecular structures and the optoelectronic properties. Likewise, the HOMO - LUMO energies, atomic orbital densities are calculated theoretically. Notwithstanding the charge transfer measure between the carbazole electron donor unit and the electron acceptor one is upheld by breaking down the optical spectra of the acquired monomers and the restriction of involved HOMO and LUMO. The outcomes show that the D-A monomers, CB-ODP, CB-TDP, and CB-SDP, are acceptable for optoelectronic applications in organic solar cells like BHJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A H Vuai
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Numbury Surendra Babu
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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16
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Madrid-Úsuga D, Mora-León AG, Cabrera-Espinoza AM, Insuasty B, Ortiz A. Theoretical characterization of photoactive molecular systems based on BODIPY-derivatives for the design of organic solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Kawano Y, Ito Y, Ito S, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. π-Conjugated Copolymers Composed of Boron Formazanate and Their Application for a Wavelength Converter to Near-Infrared Light. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawano
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Abstract
ConspectusEmerging solar cells that convert clean and renewable solar energy to electricity, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), have attracted increasing attention owing to some merits such as facile fabrication, low cost, flexibility, and short energy payback time. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs and PSCs have exceeded 18% and 25%, respectively.Fullerene derivatives have high electron affinity and mobility with an isotropic transport feature. Fullerene-based OSCs yielded superior PCEs to other acceptors and have dominated electron acceptor materials from 1995 to 2015. However, some drawbacks of fullerenes, such as weak visible absorption, limited tunability of electronic properties, laborious purification, and morphological instability, restrict further development of OSCs toward higher PCEs and practical applications. The theoretical PCE of fullerene-based OSCs is limited to ∼13% due to the relatively large energy losses. Many efforts have been dedicated to developing new acceptor systems beyond fullerenes, and some successful systems such as rylene diimides have achieved PCEs up to ca. 11%.In 2015, our group pioneered a new class of electron acceptors, fused-ring electron acceptor (FREA), as represented by the star molecule ITIC. The chemical features of FREAs include: (1) a modular structure, consisting of an electron-donating core, electron-withdrawing end groups, π-bridges, and side chains, which benefits molecular tailoring; (2) facile synthesis, purification, and scalability. The physical features of FREAs include: (1) a broad modulation range of absorption and energy levels; (2) strong absorption, especially in the 700-1000 nm region; (3) high electron mobility. The device features of FREAs include: (1) low voltage loss; (2) high efficiency; (3) good stability. The FREAs boosted PCEs of the OSCs up to 18% and initiated the transformation from the fullerene to nonfullerene era of this field. FREAs can also be used in PSCs as interfacial layers, electron transport layers, or active layers, improving both efficiency and stability of the devices. Beyond photovoltaic applications, FREAs can also be used in photodetectors, field-effect transistors, two-photon absorption, photothermal therapy, solar water splitting, etc.In this Account, we review the development of the FREAs and their applications in OSCs, PSCs, and other related fields. Molecular design, device engineering, photophysics, and applications of FREAs are discussed in detail. Future research directions toward performance optimization and commercialization of FREAs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Humphreys J, Pop F, Hume PA, Murphy AS, Lewis W, Davies ES, Argent SP, Amabilino DB. Solid state structure and properties of phenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of the title compounds show diverse packing by interactions of auxochromes giving materials with varied optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Humphreys
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus
- Nottingham NG7 2TU
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - Flavia Pop
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus
- Nottingham NG7 2TU
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - Paul A. Hume
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- Wellington 6010
- New Zealand
| | - Alanna S. Murphy
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus
- Nottingham NG7 2TU
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2RD
- UK
| | | | | | - David B. Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus
- Nottingham NG7 2TU
- UK
- School of Chemistry
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20
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Thickness Optimization and Photovoltaic Properties of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on PFB–PCBM Layer. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13225915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and study of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells based on a novel combination of a donor–acceptor poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(N,N0-diphenyl)-N,N′di(p-butyl-oxy-pheyl)-1,4-diamino-benzene) (PFB) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend composed of 1:1 by volume. indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/PFB–PCBM/Ag BHJ solar cells are fabricated by a facile cost-effective spin-coating technique. The thickness of the active film (PFB–PCBM) plays an important role in the efficiency of light absorption, exciton creation, and dissociation into free charges that results in higher power conversion efficiency (PCE). In order to optimize the PCE as a function of active layer thickness, a number of solar cells are fabricated with different thicknesses of PFB–PCBM films at 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 nm, and their photovoltaic characteristics are investigated. It is observed that the device with a 180 nm thick film demonstrates a maximum PCE of 2.9% with a fill factor (FF) of 53% under standard testing conditions (STC) (25 °C, 1.5 AM global, and 100 mW/cm2). The current–voltage (I-V) properties of the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFB–PCBM/Ag BHJ devices are also measured in dark conditions to measure and understand different parameters of the heterojunction. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy for the PFB–PCBM film of optimal thickness (180 nm) are carried out to understand the effect of surface morphology on the PCE and bandgap of the blend, respectively. The AFM micrographs show a slightly non-uniform and rough surface with an average surface roughness (Ra) of 29.2 nm. The UV-vis measurements of the PFB–PCBM blend exhibit a reduced optical bandgap of ≈2.34 eV as compared to that of pristine PFB (2.88 eV), which results in an improved absorption of light and excitons generation. The obtained results for the ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFB–PCBM (180 nm)/Ag BHJ device are compared with the ones previously reported for the P3HT–PCBM blend with the same film thickness. It is observed that the PFB–PCBM-based BHJ device has shown two times higher open circuit voltage (Voc) and, hence, enhanced the efficiency.
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Chen M, Qin A, Lam JW, Tang BZ. Multifaceted functionalities constructed from pyrazine-based AIEgen system. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Bekkar F, Bettahar F, Moreno I, Meghabar R, Hamadouche M, Hernáez E, Vilas-Vilela JL, Ruiz-Rubio L. Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2227. [PMID: 32998386 PMCID: PMC7601494 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycarbazole and its derivatives have been extensively used for the last three decades, although the interest in these materials briefly decreased. However, the increasing demand for conductive polymers for several applications such as light emitting diodes (OLEDs), capacitators or memory devices, among others, has renewed the interest in carbazole-based materials. In this review, the synthetic routes used for the development of carbazole-based polymers have been summarized, reviewing the main synthetic methodologies, namely chemical and electrochemical polymerization. In addition, the applications reported in the last decade for carbazole derivatives are analysed. The emergence of flexible and wearable electronic devices as a part of the internet of the things could be an important driving force to renew the interest on carbazole-based materials, being conductive polymers capable to respond adequately to requirement of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Bekkar
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, El-Mnaouer, BP 1524, Oran 31000, Algerie; (F.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Faiza Bettahar
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, El-Mnaouer, BP 1524, Oran 31000, Algerie; (F.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Organic Chemistry II Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Rachid Meghabar
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, El-Mnaouer, BP 1524, Oran 31000, Algerie; (F.B.); (F.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Mohammed Hamadouche
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, El-Mnaouer, BP 1524, Oran 31000, Algerie;
| | - Estibaliz Hernáez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (E.H.); (J.L.V.-V.)
| | - José Luis Vilas-Vilela
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (E.H.); (J.L.V.-V.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Ruiz-Rubio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (E.H.); (J.L.V.-V.)
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Keshtov ML, Kuklin SA, Dou C, Koukaras EN, Singhal R, Malhotra P, Sharma GD. Enhancement of photovoltaic efficiency through fine adjustment of indacene‐based non‐fullerene acceptor by minimal chlorination for polymer solar cells. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L. Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kuklin
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR‐54124 Greece
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Prateek Malhotra
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
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24
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Lin CH, Huang CW, Wang PH, Guo TF, Wen TC. Sol–gel ZnO modified by organic dye molecules for efficient inverted polymer solar cells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Löhrer FC, Körstgens V, Semino G, Schwartzkopf M, Hinz A, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Faupel F, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Following in Situ the Deposition of Gold Electrodes on Low Band Gap Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1132-1141. [PMID: 31829550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal top electrodes such as gold are widely used in organic solar cells. The active layer can be optimized by modifications of the polymer band gap via side-chain engineering, and low band gap polymers based on benzodithiophene units such as PTB7 and PTB7-Th are successfully used. The growth of gold contacts on PTB7 and PTB7-Th films is investigated with in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) during the sputter deposition of gold. From GIWAXS, the crystal structure of the gold film is determined. Independent of the type of side chain, gold crystals form in the very early stages and improve in quality during the sputter deposition until the late stages. From GISAXS, the nanoscale structure is determined. Differences in terms of gold cluster size and growth phase limits for the two polymers are caused by the side-chain modification and result in a different surface coverage in the early phases. The changes in the diffusion and coalescence behavior of the forming gold nanoparticles cause differences in the morphology of the gold contact in the fully percolated regime, which is attributed to the different amount of thiophene rings of the side chains acting as nucleation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska C Löhrer
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Volker Körstgens
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Gabriele Semino
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | | | - Alexander Hinz
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstraße 2 , 24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Oleksandr Polonskyi
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstraße 2 , 24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstraße 2 , 24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Lehrstuhl für Materialverbunde , Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Kaiserstraße 2 , 24143 Kiel , Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , 10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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Melianas A, Felekidis N, Puttisong Y, Meskers SCJ, Inganäs O, Chen WM, Kemerink M. Nonequilibrium site distribution governs charge-transfer electroluminescence at disordered organic heterointerfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23416-23425. [PMID: 31690666 PMCID: PMC6876215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908776116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between electron-donating (D) and electron-accepting (A) materials in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is commonly probed by charge-transfer (CT) electroluminescence (EL) measurements to estimate the CT energy, which critically relates to device open-circuit voltage. It is generally assumed that during CT-EL injected charges recombine at close-to-equilibrium energies in their respective density of states (DOS). Here, we explicitly quantify that CT-EL instead originates from higher-energy DOS site distributions significantly above DOS equilibrium energies. To demonstrate this, we have developed a quantitative and experimentally calibrated model for CT-EL at organic D/A heterointerfaces, which simultaneously accounts for the charge transport physics in an energetically disordered DOS and the Franck-Condon broadening. The 0-0 CT-EL transition lineshape is numerically calculated using measured energetic disorder values as input to 3-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We account for vibrational CT-EL overtones by selectively measuring the dominant vibrational phonon-mode energy governing CT luminescence at the D/A interface using fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy. Our model numerically reproduces the measured CT-EL spectra and their bias dependence and reveals the higher-lying manifold of DOS sites responsible for CT-EL. Lowest-energy CT states are situated ∼180 to 570 meV below the 0-0 CT-EL transition, enabling photogenerated carrier thermalization to these low-lying DOS sites when the OPV device is operated as a solar cell rather than as a light-emitting diode. Nonequilibrium site distribution rationalizes the experimentally observed weak current-density dependence of CT-EL and poses fundamental questions on reciprocity relations relating light emission to photovoltaic action and regarding minimal attainable photovoltaic energy conversion losses in OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armantas Melianas
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Nikolaos Felekidis
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yuttapoom Puttisong
- Functional Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Weimin M Chen
- Functional Electronic Materials, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martijn Kemerink
- Complex Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
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Akkuratov AV, Kuznetsov IE, Martynov IV, Sagdullina DK, Kuznetsov PM, Ciammaruchi L, Prudnov FA, Klyuev MV, Katz EA, Troshin PA. What can we learn from model systems: Impact of polymer backbone structure on performance and stability of organic photovoltaics. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Yang Y, Shan T, Cao J, Wang HC, Wang JK, Zhong HL, Xu YX. Unsymmetric Side Chains of Indacenodithiophene Copolymers Lead to Improved Packing and Device Performance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Energy level gamut-a wide-angle lens to look at photoelectronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-benzothiadiazole-based small molecules. J Mol Model 2019; 25:224. [PMID: 31309358 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Demands in the field of molecular design for optimized bandgap and proper energy levels to obtain high efficiencies are growing progressively in organic electronics. In the present work, we designed a series of molecules based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and benzothiadiazoles (BT). We also studied the efeect of the presence and position of the nitrogen atom as an effective heteroatom. Finally, we optimized the energy levels of the designed structures to find the most favorable donor properties along with fullerene and non-fullerene (NF) acceptors in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell systems. To shed new light on the electronic characteristics of the designed structures, we developed a correction gamut of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The gamut is a span that predicts the occurrence of practical HOMO or LUMO with high probability from density functional theory computations in the gas phase. The model was validated using experimental energy level values of a similar structure as reference material. The results obtained by the new pathway of combining the idea of energy level gamuts with the modified Scharber model for NF BHJ suggested that the designed structures can afford power conversion efficiencies (PCE) for NF-BHJ of 8.5-10.5%. Graphical abstract Improved approach for predicting power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of designed molecules.
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Munshi J, Ghumman UF, Iyer A, Dulal R, Chen W, Chien T, Balasubramanian G. Effect of polydispersity on the bulk‐heterojunction morphology of P3HT:PCBM solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Munshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015
| | - Umar Farooq Ghumman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Akshay Iyer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Rabindra Dulal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - TeYu Chien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071
| | - Ganesh Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania 18015
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Electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and surface photovoltage study of ambipolar C60-EDOT and C60-Carbazole based conducting polymers. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Lee T, Lim E. An Octylrhodanine-endcapped Thiophene as a Nonfused Nonfullerene Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea
| | - Eunhee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227, Korea
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Munshi J, Dulal R, Chien T, Chen W, Balasubramanian G. Solution Processing Dependent Bulk Heterojunction Nanomorphology of P3HT/PCBM Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17056-17067. [PMID: 30966744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) have been widely employed as donor and acceptor materials, respectively, for the active layer of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. Experiments are able to provide only limited insights on the dynamics of blend morphology of these organic materials because of the challenges in extracting microstructural characterization amidst the poor contrast in electron microscopy. We present results from coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations (CGMD) describing the morphological evolution of P3HT/PCBM active layer under solution processing in chlorobenzene (CB). We examine the impact of various processing parameters such as weight ratio, degree of polymerization (DOP), thermal annealing, and preheating on the BHJ active layers using morphological characterizations from atomic trajectories. Simulated diffraction patterns are compared with experimental results of X-ray diffraction and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). Both simulated scattering and experimental X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering measurements reveal increase in crystallinity for P3HT upon annealing until PCBM weight fraction ∼50%. The solubility of PCBM being greater in CB than that of P3HT facilitates the phase separation of the polymer during early stages of solvent evaporation. An increase in the average size of the P3HT domain relative to the preannealed morphology, is due to phase segregation and crystallization of the polymer upon annealing. Percolation for PCBM remains unchanged until PCBM constitutes at least one-half of the composition. Although 1.0:2.0 weight ratio is predicted to be ideal for balanced charge transport, 1.0:1.0 weight ratio is the most beneficial of overall power conversion based on exciton generation and charge separation at the interface. DOP of P3HT molecules is another important design variable as larger P3HT molecules tend to entangle more often deteriorating molecular order of P3HT phase in the active layer. Preheating the ternary mixture of P3HT, PCBM, and CB modifies the structural order and morphology of the BHJ due to changes in PCBM diffusion into the P3HT phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Munshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
| | - Rabindra Dulal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - TeYu Chien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Wyoming , Laramie , Wyoming 82071 , United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Ganesh Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics , Lehigh University , Bethlehem , Pennsylvania 18015 , United States
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Dey S. Recent Progress in Molecular Design of Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900134. [PMID: 30989808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The quest for sustainable energy sources has led to accelerated growth in research of organic solar cells (OSCs). A solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSC generally contains a donor and expensive fullerene acceptors (FAs). The last 20 years have been devoted by the OSC community to developing donor materials, specifically low bandgap polymers, to complement FAs in BHJs. The current improvement from ≈2.5% in 2013 to 17.3% in 2018 in OSC performance is primarily credited to novel nonfullerene acceptors (NFA), especially fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs). FREAs offer unique advantages over FAs, like broad absorption of solar radiation, and they can be extensively chemically manipulated to tune optoelectronic and morphological properties. Herein, the current status in FREA-based OSCs is summarized, such as design strategies for both wide and narrow bandgap FREAs for BHJ, all-small-molecule OSCs, semi-transparent OSC, ternary, and tandem solar cells. The photovoltaics parameters for FREAs are summarized and discussed. The focus is on the various FREA structures and their role in optical and morphological tuning. Besides, the advantages and drawbacks of both FAs and NFAs are discussed. Finally, an outlook in the field of FREA-OSCs for future material design and challenges ahead is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Xiong S, Hu L, Hu L, Sun L, Qin F, Liu X, Fahlman M, Zhou Y. 12.5% Flexible Nonfullerene Solar Cells by Passivating the Chemical Interaction Between the Active Layer and Polymer Interfacial Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806616. [PMID: 30653271 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells (OSCs) have been attracting significant attention in the past several years. It is still challenging to achieve high-performance flexible NF OSCs. NF acceptors are chemically reactive and tend to react with the low-temperature-processed low-work-function (low-WF) interfacial layers, such as polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), which leads to the "S" shape in the current-density characteristics of the cells. In this work, the chemical interaction between the NF active layer and the polymer interfacial layer of PEIE is deactivated by increasing its protonation. The PEIE processed from aqueous solution shows more protonated N+ than that processed from isopropyl alcohol solution, observed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. NF solar cells (active layer: PCE-10:IEICO-4F) with the protonated PEIE interfacial layer show an efficiency of 13.2%, which is higher than the reference cells with a ZnO interlayer (12.6%). More importantly, the protonated PEIE interfacial layer processed from aqueous solution does not require a further thermal annealing treatment (only processing at room temperature). The room-temperature processing and effective WF reduction enable the demonstration of high-performance (12.5%) flexible NF OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Kaake LG. Towards the Organic Double Heterojunction Solar Cell. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loren G. Kaake
- Department of ChemistrySimon Fraser University 8888 University Dr. Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Gurney RS, Lidzey DG, Wang T. A review of non-fullerene polymer solar cells: from device physics to morphology control. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:036601. [PMID: 30731432 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rise in power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices over the last few years has been driven by the emergence of new organic semiconductors and the growing understanding of morphological control at both the molecular and aggregation scales. Non-fullerene OPVs adopting p-type conjugated polymers as the donor and n-type small molecules as the acceptor have exhibited steady progress, outperforming PCBM-based solar cells and reaching efficiencies of over 15% in 2019. This review starts with a refreshed discussion of charge separation, recombination, and V OC loss in non-fullerene OPVs, followed by a review of work undertaken to develop favorable molecular configurations required for high device performance. We summarize several key approaches that have been employed to tune the nanoscale morphology in non-fullerene photovoltaic blends, comparing them (where appropriate) to their PCBM-based counterparts. In particular, we discuss issues ranging from materials chemistry to solution processing and post-treatments, showing how this can lead to enhanced photovoltaic properties. Particular attention is given to the control of molecular configuration through solution processing, which can have a pronounced impact on the structure of the solid-state photoactive layer. Key challenges, including green solvent processing, stability and lifetime, burn-in, and thickness-dependence in non-fullerene OPVs are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Gurney
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Tang A, Chen F, Zhou E. Side-chain effect in ethenylene fused thiophene-vinylene-thiophene (ETVT) based photovoltaic polymers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Zeng Y, Duan R, Guo Y, Han G, Li Q, Yi Y. Electronic, optical, and charge transport properties of A-π-A electron acceptors for organic solar cells: Impact of anti-aromatic π structures. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Kafle TR, Kattel B, Wang T, Chan WL. The relationship between the coherent size, binding energy and dissociation dynamics of charge transfer excitons at organic interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:454001. [PMID: 30265252 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae50b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At organic semiconductor interfaces, an electron and a hole can be bound Coulombically to form an interfacial charge transfer (CT) exciton. It is still under debate how a CT exciton can overcome its strong binding and dissociate into free carriers. Experimentally, capturing the evolution of the CT exciton on time (fs-ps) and length scales (nm) in which the dissociation process occurs is challenging. To overcome this challenge, time-resolved two photon photoemission spectroscopy is used to measure the binding energies and electronic coherent sizes of a series of CT states at organic interfaces, and capture the temporal dynamics of these CT excitons after their excitation. Using zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/fullerene (C60) interface as a model system, it is shown that the interfacial CT process first populates a hot CT state with a coherent size of ~4 nm. Hot and delocalized CT excitons subsequently relax into CT excitons with lower energies and smaller coherent sizes. To correlate the CT exciton properties with the dissociation efficiency, we develop a method that exploits graphene field effect transistors to probe the rate and yield of free carrier generation at the interface. Our results show that exciton dissociation can be more efficient if one can extract electrons from the hot and delocalized CT state. We propose a cascade structure that would serve this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tika R Kafle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
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Lee S, Seo J, Kim H, Song DI, Kim Y. Investigation of short-term stability in high efficiency polymer : nonfullerene solar cells via quick current-voltage cycling method. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Galli D, Gasparini N, Forster M, Eckert A, Widling C, Killian MS, Avgeropoulos A, Gregoriou VG, Scherf U, Chochos CL, Brabec CJ, Ameri T. Suppressing the Surface Recombination and Tuning the Open-Circuit Voltage of Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells by Implementing an Aggregative Ternary Compound. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28803-28811. [PMID: 30074766 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel small molecule based on dithienylthienothiadiazole units (named SM1) acting as an efficient component in ternary blend organic solar cells to modify the hole extraction at the interface. Our findings show that the SM1 suppresses the surface recombination and enhances the open-circuit voltage ( Voc). By introducing SM1 in a host system composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl- C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), we obtained Voc values of up to 0.75 V and fill factors larger than 70% for the ternary blends. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency is improved by about 30% compared to P3HT:PCBM binary devices. Interestingly, external quantum efficiency and absorption spectra in the near-infrared region do not show any contribution of SM1 in dried films. Instead, the addition of the small molecule improves the Voc by reducing the surface recombination losses. To shed light on the recombination processes, we carried out Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy measurements. This work shows that the ternary concept can also have functionalities other than photosensitization and can even act as a morphology-directing agent or an interface modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Forster
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Anika Eckert
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Christian Widling
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | | | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio , 26504 Patra , Greece
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio , 26504 Patra , Greece
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) , Haberstraße 2a , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Chair of Functional Nanosystems, Research area of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstr. 11 (Haus E) , 81377 Munich , Germany
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Tan JK, Png RQ, Zhao C, Ho PKH. Ohmic transition at contacts key to maximizing fill factor and performance of organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3269. [PMID: 30111794 PMCID: PMC6093871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While thermodynamic detailed balance limits the maximum power conversion efficiency of a solar cell, the quality of its contacts can further limit the actual efficiency. The criteria for good contacts to organic semiconductors, however, are not well understood. Here, by tuning the work function of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) hole collection layers in fine steps across the Fermi-level pinning threshold of the model photoactive layer, poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyrate methyl ester, in organic solar cells, we obtain direct evidence for a non-ohmic to ohmic transition at the hole contact that lies 0.3 eV beyond its Fermi-level pinning transition. This second transition corresponds to reduction of the photocurrent extraction resistance below the bulk resistance of the cell. Current detailed balance analysis reveals that this extraction resistance is the counterpart of injection resistance, and the measured characteristics are manifestations of charge carrier hopping across the interface. Achieving ohmic transition at both contacts is key to maximizing fill factor without compromising open-circuit voltage nor short-circuit current of the solar cell. The importance of ohmic contacts for organic solar cells has been recognized, but how the transition to ohmic behavior occurs is unknown. Tan et al. show that this transition happens separately beyond Fermi-level pinning, when the interfacial contact resistivity becomes sufficiently low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kai Tan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, S117550, Singapore.,Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, S117574, Singapore
| | - Rui-Qi Png
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, S117550, Singapore.,Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, S117574, Singapore
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, S117550, Singapore.,Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, S117574, Singapore
| | - Peter K H Ho
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, S117550, Singapore. .,Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, S117574, Singapore.
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Kaienburg P, Klingebiel B, Kirchartz T. Spin-coated planar Sb 2S 3 hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2114-2124. [PMID: 30202684 PMCID: PMC6122191 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimony sulfide solar cells have demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 7% when assembled in an extremely thin absorber configuration deposited via chemical bath deposition. More recently, less complex, planar geometries were obtained from simple spin-coating approaches, but the device efficiency still lags behind. We compare two processing routes based on different precursors reported in the literature. By studying the film morphology, sub-bandgap absorption and solar cell performance, improved annealing procedures are found and the crystallization temperature is shown to be critical. In order to determine the optimized processing conditions, the role of the polymeric hole transport material is discussed. The efficiency of our best solar cells exceeds previous reports for each processing route, and our champion device displays one of the highest efficiencies reported for planar antimony sulfide solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Kaienburg
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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46
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Chen YC, Lin CH, Guo TF, Wen TC. Surfactant-Enriched ZnO Surface via Sol-Gel Process for the Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26805-26811. [PMID: 30009608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that the top surface is enriched by surfactants, tetraoctylammonium bromide, and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), in the sol-gel ZnO, being evidenced by the Br depth profile of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis data. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the formation of Zn-Br bonding due to the oxygen defects occupied by Br at the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface. The surfactant-enriched ZnO surface possessed a smoother surface and more hydrophobicity than the pristine ZnO from the experimental results of atomic force microscopy and contact angle, respectively. On the basis of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data, the work function slightly reduced due to the dipole built-up by the electrostatic force between Br- and N+ to enhance the electron extraction ability. The improved properties benefited the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) by spin-coating the active layer on the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface. The inverted PSCs with the surfactant-enriched ZnO surface showed the highest PCE of 9.55% for the CPB case, in comparison with the pristine ZnO surface (8.08% PCE). This study discloses that turning the ZnO surface is easily achieved by the addition of surfactants with different molecular structures in the sol-gel ZnO for high performance polymer solar cells.
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47
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Lim AC, Kwon HJ, Jadhav HS, Seo JG. Porphyrin-stabilized CNT in nanofiber via non-covalent interaction for enhanced electrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Almosni S, Delamarre A, Jehl Z, Suchet D, Cojocaru L, Giteau M, Behaghel B, Julian A, Ibrahim C, Tatry L, Wang H, Kubo T, Uchida S, Segawa H, Miyashita N, Tamaki R, Shoji Y, Yoshida K, Ahsan N, Watanabe K, Inoue T, Sugiyama M, Nakano Y, Hamamura T, Toupance T, Olivier C, Chambon S, Vignau L, Geffroy C, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Cavassilas N, Rale P, Cattoni A, Collin S, Gibelli F, Paire M, Lombez L, Aureau D, Bouttemy M, Etcheberry A, Okada Y, Guillemoles JF. Material challenges for solar cells in the twenty-first century: directions in emerging technologies. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2018; 19:336-369. [PMID: 29707072 PMCID: PMC5917436 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2018.1433439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic generation has stepped up within the last decade from outsider status to one of the important contributors of the ongoing energy transition, with about 1.7% of world electricity provided by solar cells. Progress in materials and production processes has played an important part in this development. Yet, there are many challenges before photovoltaics could provide clean, abundant, and cheap energy. Here, we review this research direction, with a focus on the results obtained within a Japan-French cooperation program, NextPV, working on promising solar cell technologies. The cooperation was focused on efficient photovoltaic devices, such as multijunction, ultrathin, intermediate band, and hot-carrier solar cells, and on printable solar cell materials such as colloidal quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Almosni
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amaury Delamarre
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zacharie Jehl
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Suchet
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Maxime Giteau
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benoit Behaghel
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IPVF, UMR CNRS 9006, Palaiseau, France
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anatole Julian
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camille Ibrahim
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Léa Tatry
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haibin Wang
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Kubo
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyashita
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamaki
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shoji
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Yoshida
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nazmul Ahsan
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Inoue
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sugiyama
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakano
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Hamamura
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS (UMR 5255), Talence Cédex, France
| | - Thierry Toupance
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS (UMR 5255), Talence Cédex, France
| | - Céline Olivier
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), CNRS (UMR 5255), Talence Cédex, France
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Laurence Vignau
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Camille Geffroy
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, ENSCBP, IPB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, ENSCBP, IPB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, ENSCBP, IPB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Cavassilas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Rale
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Andrea Cattoni
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Collin
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (C2N), CNRS, University Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Lombez
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IPVF, UMR CNRS 9006, Palaiseau, France
| | - Damien Aureau
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Muriel Bouttemy
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Etcheberry
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Yoshitaka Okada
- NextPV, LIA RCAST-CNRS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Okadalab, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gu X, Shaw L, Gu K, Toney MF, Bao Z. The meniscus-guided deposition of semiconducting polymers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:534. [PMID: 29416035 PMCID: PMC5803241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic devices that play a vital role in our daily life are primarily based on silicon and are thus rigid, opaque, and relatively heavy. However, new electronics relying on polymer semiconductors are opening up new application spaces like stretchable and self-healing sensors and devices, and these can facilitate the integration of such devices into our homes, our clothing, and even our bodies. While there has been tremendous interest in such technologies, the widespread adoption of these organic electronics requires low-cost manufacturing techniques. Fortunately, the realization of organic electronics can take inspiration from a technology developed since the beginning of the Common Era: printing. This review addresses the critical issues and considerations in the printing methods for organic electronics, outlines the fundamental fluid mechanics, polymer physics, and deposition parameters involved in the fabrication process, and provides future research directions for the next generation of printed polymer electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Leo Shaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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