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Seki S, Paitandi RP, Choi W, Ghosh S, Tanaka T. Electron Transport over 2D Molecular Materials and Assemblies. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2665-2677. [PMID: 39162255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusTwo-dimensional (2D) molecular materials, in which the major interactions are confined in 2D planes with contrasted force fields acting in between the planes, have been key electronic functional materials since the past decade. Even without referring to the functionals of graphene-based systems, 2D electronic conjugated systems are expected to show extrawide dynamic ranges in electronic density of states (DOS) tuning, effective electron mass, electron mobility, and conductivity. A major advantage of 2D electronic systems is their compatibility with the ubiquitous electronic devices designed using planar structures, such as transistors and memories, which is associated with the utility of 2D active materials. The mobility of electrons in 2D systems is the key to their utility, and various conjugated molecular and 2D materials have been designed to optimize the mobility. This Account begins with an introduction for mobility assessment: using noncontact time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements as a technique to probe differential conductivity upon transient charge carrier injection into the materials. Electronic transport over 2D electronic materials such as graphenes, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is discussed with a special emphasis on molecular building blocks, fine-tuning conducting species and linkages, topology of the framework, and controlling molecular doping. The superiority of β-ketoenamine-linked COF over imine-linked COF films in charge transport and dominant in-plane charge carrier mobility over out-of-plane mobility is also illustrated. Systematic molecular engineering of the building blocks of β-ketoenamine-linked COFs with varying degrees of donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugation, torsional angles, and reaction conditions resulted in the modulation of the efficiency of charge carrier generation/transport as well as exciton migration. The advantages of 2D systems are finally discussed in terms of the mobility interplaying with spatial arrangements of molecules as well as the substantial role of intermolecular interactions in stabilizing their condensed phases. The strong correlation between the dispersion of mobility and hierarchical intermolecular interactions sheds light on the way to overcome structural fluctuation on the optimization of charge transport in molecular electronic materials. The point of singularity in the dispersion at an intermolecular distance of d ∼ 0.3 nm is deduced from the overall mobility assessment in condensed phases of conjugated molecules, suggesting key roles of intermolecular electronic coupling: the new concept of electronic conjugation. Exceptional electronic coupling with relatively high charge carrier mobility was also observed, particularly in 2D spatial arrangements of chiral molecules in contrast to 3D analogues, where the reduction of gravitational density of the molecular condensates was impacting DOS: the Wallach's rule. 2D electronic systems are strong candidates for the violation of the long-lasting Wallach's rule in terms of DOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rajendra Prasad Paitandi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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2
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Li T, Yan Y, Shi Q. Is there a finite mobility for the one vibrational mode Holstein model? Implications from real time simulations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:111102. [PMID: 38501468 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The question of whether there exists a finite mobility in the standard Holstein model with one vibrational mode on each site remains unclear. In this Communication, we approach this problem by employing the hierarchical equation of motion method to simulate model systems where the vibrational modes are dissipative. It is found that, as the friction becomes smaller, the charge carrier mobility increases significantly and a friction-free limit cannot be obtained. The current autocorrelation functions are also calculated for the friction-free Holstein model, and converged results cannot be obtained with an increase in the number of sites. Based on these observations, we conclude that a finite mobility cannot be defined for the standard Holstein model in the parameter regime explored in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaming Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Nketia-Yawson V, Buer AB, Ahn H, Nketia-Yawson B, Jo JW. Hole Mobility Enhancement in Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']Dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer Transistors through Directional Alignment, Perovskite Functionalization and Solid-State Electrolyte Gating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300634. [PMID: 38124531 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tunability in electronic and optical properties has been intensively explored for developing conjugated polymers and their applications in organic and perovskite-based electronics. Particularly, the charge carrier mobility of conjugated polymer semiconductors has been deemed to be a vital figure-of-merit for achieving high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In this study, the systematic hole carrier mobility improvement of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based conjugated polymer in perovskite-functionalized organic transistors is demonstrated. In conventional OFETs with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gate dielectric, improvements in hole mobility of 0.019 cm2 V-1 s-1 are measured using an off-center spin-coating technique, which exceeds those of on-center counterparts (0.22 ± 0.07 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1). Furthermore, the mobility drastically increases by adopting solid-state electrolyte gating, corresponding to 2.99 ± 1.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the control, and the best hole mobility is 8.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average ≈ 6.94 ± 0.59 cm2 V-1 s-1) for perovskite-functionalized OFETs with a high current on/off ratio of >106. The achieved device performance would be attributed to the enhanced film crystallinity and charge carrier density in the hybrid perovskite-functionalized organic transistor channel, resulting from the high-capacitance electrolyte dielectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Buertey Buer
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
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4
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Yan S, Cornil D, Cornil J, Beljonne D, Palacios-Rivera R, Ocal C, Barrena E. Polar Polymorphism: A New Intermediate Structure toward the Thin-Film Phase in Asymmetric Benzothieno[3,2- b][1]-benzothiophene Derivatives. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:585-595. [PMID: 38222937 PMCID: PMC10783425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding structure and polymorphism is relevant for any organic device optimization, and it is of particular relevance in 7-decyl-2-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (Ph-BTBT-10) since high carrier mobility in Ph-BTBT-10 thin films has been linked to the structural transformation from the metastable thin-film phase to the thermodynamically stable bilayer structure via thermal annealing. We combine here a systematic nanoscale morphological analysis with local Kelvin probe force microcopy (KPFM) that demonstrates the formation of a polar polymorph in thin films as an intermediate structure for thicknesses lower than 20 nm. The polar structure develops with thickness a variable amount of structural defects in the form of individual flipped molecules (point defects) or sizable polar domains, and evolves toward the reported nonpolar thin-film phase. The direct experimental evidence is supported by electronic structure density functional theory calculations. The structure of the film has dramatic effects on the electronic properties, leading to a decrease in the film work function (by up to 1 eV) and a considerable broadening of the occupied molecular orbitals, attributed to electrostatic disorder. From an advanced characterization point of view, KPFM stands out as a valuable tool for evaluating electrostatic disorder and the conceivable emergence of polar polymorphs in organic thin films. The emergence of polar assemblies introduces a critical consideration for other asymmetric BTBT derivatives, which may be pivotal to understanding the structure-property relationships in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A precise determination of any polar assemblies close to the dielectric interface is critical for the judicious design and upgrading of high-performance OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yan
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cornil
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons (UMONS), 20 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rogger Palacios-Rivera
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Shuai Z. Faster holes by delocalization. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1277-1278. [PMID: 37891261 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shuai
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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7
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Pauk K, Luňák S, Machalický O, Perdih F, Vyňuchal J, Eliáš Z, Imramovský A. Four Slip-Stacked Arrangements, Three Types of Photophysics: Crystal Structure and Solid-State Fluorescence of 3,6-Diaryl Substituted Furo[3,4-c]furanone Polymorphs and Regioisomers. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300310. [PMID: 37477623 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Six symmetrical 3,6-diaryl (aryl=phenyl, 2-, 3- and 4-tolyl, 2,4- and 3,5-xylyl) substituted furo[3,4-c]furanones (DFF) were synthesized. The computational analysis, based on density functional theory, found eight possible centrosymmetrical slipped π-stack arrangements, formed according to electron repulsion minimization principle, as for previously reported for π-isoelectronic diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP). One of these slipped stack arrangements was found to form infinite columns in the crystals of a new polymorph of parent phenyl derivative (with centre-to-centre distance CC=6.975 Å), other three types of stacks were found for 3-tolyl (CC=6.153 Å), 4-tolyl (CC=3.849 Å) and 2,4-xylyl (CC=4.856 Å) derivatives by single crystal X-ray diffractometry. All six derivatives show intense solution fluorescence in blue/green region, with a maximum driven entirely by a number and position of methyl substituents on phenyl rings. On the other hand, the solid-state fluorescence from yellow over orange to red is observed only for four derivatives and its presence/absence, spectral position and vibronic structure is driven exclusively by the slips in π-stacks (with interplanar distance always less than 3.5 Å) of almost planar DFF molecules, resulting in J-type emission, H-type excimer-like emission and H-type quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Pauk
- Department of Organic Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Luňák
- Materials Research Centre Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Machalický
- Department of Organic Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Franc Perdih
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Vyňuchal
- Department of Organic Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Synthesia a.s., Semtín 103, 532 17, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Eliáš
- Department of Organic Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Farmak, a.s., Na vlčinci 16/3 Klašterní Hradisko, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Imramovský
- Department of Organic Technology Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Qin Z, Han S, Li D, Zhai C, Lu W, Wei P, Zhu Y, Hu Z, Bu L, Lu G. Field-effect bulk mobilities in polymer semiconductor films measured by sourcemeters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:064702. [PMID: 37862485 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers inherently exhibit polydispersity in terms of molecular structure and microscopic morphology, which often results in a broad distribution of energy levels for localized electronic states. Therefore, the bulk charge mobility strongly depends on the free charge density. In this study, we propose a method to measure the charge-density-dependent bulk mobility of conjugated polymer films with widely spread localized states using a conventional field-effect transistor configuration. The gate-induced variation of bulk charge density typically ranges within ±1018 cm-3; however, this range depends significantly on the energetic dispersion width of localized states. The field-effect bulk mobility and field-effect mobility near the semiconductor-dielectric interface along with their dependence on charge density can be simultaneously extracted from the transistor characteristics using various gate voltage ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Qin
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Songyu Han
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Dongfan Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chenyang Zhai
- The High School Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Wanlong Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Laju Bu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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9
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Akai R, Oka K, Dekura S, Yoshimi K, Mori H, Nishikubo R, Saeki A, Tohnai N. Precise Control of the Molecular Arrangement of Organic Semiconductors for High Charge Carrier Mobility. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3461-3467. [PMID: 37010941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are well-known to exhibit high charge carrier mobility based on their spread of the π-orbital. In particular, the π-orbital overlap between neighboring molecules significantly affects their charge carrier mobility. This study elucidated the direct effect of subtle differences in the π-orbital overlap on charge carrier mobility, by precisely controlling only molecular arrangements without any chemical modifications. We synthesized disulfonic acid composed of a [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) moiety, and prepared organic salts with four butylamine isomers. Regardless of the type of butylamine combined, electronic states of the constituent BTBT derivative were identical, and all BTBT arrangements were edge-to-face herringbone-type. However, depending on the difference of steric hindrance, center-to-center distances and dihedral angles between neighboring BTBT moieties slightly varied. Despite a similar arrangement, the photoconductivity of four organic salts differed by a factor of approximately two. Additionally, theoretical charge carrier mobilities from their crystal structures exhibited a strong correlation with their photoconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shun Dekura
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yoshimi
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hatsumi Mori
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nishikubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Kawasaki A, Takeda T, Hoshino N, Matsuda W, Seki S, Shimizu GKH, Akutagawa T. Structural Transformable Coulomb Lattice of n-Type Semiconductors for Guest Sorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1661-1674. [PMID: 36541074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, highly designable organic porous materials have attracted considerable attention in the development of new types of molecular adsorption-desorption materials. The adsorption-desorption process also changes the electronic structure via the existence of guest molecules. Therefore, it is possible to change the physical property during the guest adsorption-desorption cycle using an appropriate chemical design of the host crystal lattice. As the development of n-type organic semiconductors has been limited, we focused on designing an n-type organic semiconductor material to control the host crystal lattice, electronic dimensionality, chemical stability, and high electron mobility using an ionic naphthalenediimide (NDI) derivative. Low symmetrical dianionic bis(benzene-m-sulfonate)-naphthalenediimide (m-BSNDI2-) forms various types of single-crystal (M+)2(m-BSNDI2-)·n(guest) with a combination of M+ = Na+, K+, Rb+, and guest = H2O, CH3OH. Four crystals of (K+)2(m-BSNDI2-)·n(H2O), (K+)2(m-BSNDI2-)·n(CH3OH), α-(K+)2(m-BSNDI2-), and β-(K+)2(m-BSNDI2-) were transformable using the guest adsorption-desorption cycle. Two kinds of single-crystal (K+)2(m-BSNDI2-)·n(CH3OH) with n = 0 and 2.0 showed a single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) transformation through CH3OH desorption. On the contrary, five kinds of single crystals with n = 0, 3.0, 3.3, 4.75, and 5.5 were identified in the single-crystal X-ray structural analyses of (K+)2(m-BSNDI2-)·n(H2O). Systematic change of the ionic radii in (M+)2(m-BSNDI2-) modified the crystal lattice flexibility for the guest adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, CalgaryT2N1N4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-8577, Japan
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11
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Park W, Yun C, Yun S, Lee JJ, Bae S, Ho D, Earmme T, Kim C, Seo S. [1]Benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene-based liquid crystalline organic semiconductor for solution-processed organic thin film transistors. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Jouclas R, Liu J, Volpi M, Silva de Moraes L, Garbay G, McIntosh N, Bardini M, Lemaur V, Vercouter A, Gatsios C, Modesti F, Turetta N, Beljonne D, Cornil J, Kennedy AR, Koch N, Erk P, Samorì P, Schweicher G, Geerts YH. Dinaphthotetrathienoacenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105674. [PMID: 35297223 PMCID: PMC9259716 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The charge transport of crystalline organic semiconductors is limited by dynamic disorder that tends to localize charges. It is the main hurdle to overcome in order to significantly increase charge carrier mobility. An innovative design that combines a chemical structure based on sulfur-rich thienoacene with a solid-state herringbone (HB) packing is proposed and the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and charge transport properties of two new thienoacenes bearing a central tetrathienyl core fused with two external naphthyl rings: naphtho[2,3-b]thieno-[2''',3''':4'',5'']thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno[3',2'-b]naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene (DN4T) and naphtho[1,2-b]thieno-[2''',3''':4'',5'']thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[3',2'-b]naphtho[1,2-b]thiophene are presented. Both compounds crystallize with a HB pattern structure and present transfer integrals ranging from 33 to 99 meV (for the former) within the HB plane of charge transport. Molecular dynamics simulations point toward an efficient resilience of the transfer integrals to the intermolecular sliding motion commonly responsible for strong variations of the electronic coupling in the crystal. Best device performances are reached with DN4T with hole mobility up to μ = 2.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in polycrystalline organic field effect transistors, showing the effectiveness of the electronic coupling enabled by the new aromatic core. These promising results pave the way to the design of high-performing materials based on this new thienoacene, notably through the introduction of alkyl side-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Martina Volpi
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Lygia Silva de Moraes
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Marco Bardini
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Alexandre Vercouter
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Christos Gatsios
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH12489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universitat zu Berlin12489BerlinGermany
| | | | - Nicholas Turetta
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 Alleé Gaspard MongeStrasbourgF‐67000France
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsCenter for Research in Molecular Electronics and PhotonicsUniversity of MonsPlace du Parc 23MonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Dept. of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeCathedral Street 295GlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH12489BerlinGermany
- Institut für Physik and IRIS AdlershofHumboldt‐Universitat zu Berlin12489BerlinGermany
| | - Peter Erk
- BASF SERCS – J542S67056Ludwigshafen am RheinGermany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 Alleé Gaspard MongeStrasbourgF‐67000France
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
| | - Yves H. Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des PolymèresFaculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01Bruxelles1050Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes for Physics and ChemistryUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231Bruxelles1050Belgium
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13
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Stecko S, Gryko DT. Multifunctional Heteropentalenes: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications. JACS AU 2022; 2:1290-1305. [PMID: 35783172 PMCID: PMC9241017 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the broad family of heteropentalenes, the combination of two five-membered heterocyclic rings fused in the [3,2-b] mode has attracted the most significant attention. The relatively straightforward access to these structures, being a consequence of the advances in the last two decades, combined with their physicochemical properties which match the requirements associated with many applications has led to an explosion of applied research. In this Perspective, we will discuss the recent progress of heteropentalenes' usefulness as an active element of organic light-emitting diodes and organic field-effect transistors. Among the myriad of possible combinations for the different heteroatoms, thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes and 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles are subject to the most intense studies. Together they comprise a potent optoelectronics tool resulting from the combination of appreciable photophysical properties, chemical reactivity, and straightforward synthesis.
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14
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Fu S, Jin E, Hanayama H, Zheng W, Zhang H, Di Virgilio L, Addicoat MA, Mezger M, Narita A, Bonn M, Müllen K, Wang HI. Outstanding Charge Mobility by Band Transport in Two-Dimensional Semiconducting Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7489-7496. [PMID: 35420808 PMCID: PMC9052747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Two-dimensional covalent
organic frameworks (2D COFs) represent
a family of crystalline porous polymers with a long-range order and
well-defined open nanochannels that hold great promise for electronics,
catalysis, sensing, and energy storage. To date, the development of
highly conductive 2D COFs has remained challenging due to the finite
π-conjugation along the 2D lattice and charge localization at
grain boundaries. Furthermore, the charge transport mechanism within
the crystalline framework remains elusive. Here, time- and frequency-resolved
terahertz spectroscopy reveals intrinsically Drude-type band transport
of charge carriers in semiconducting 2D COF thin films condensed by
1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene (TPB) and 1,3,5-triformylbenzene
(TFB). The TPB–TFB COF thin films demonstrate high photoconductivity
with a long charge scattering time exceeding 70 fs at room temperature
which resembles crystalline inorganic materials. This corresponds
to a record charge carrier mobility of 165 ± 10 cm2 V–1 s–1, vastly outperforming
that of the state-of-the-art conductive COFs. These results reveal
TPB–TFB COF thin films as promising candidates for organic
electronics and catalysis and provide insights into the rational design
of highly crystalline porous materials for efficient and long-range
charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz D-55128, Germany
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15
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Dilmurat R, Prodhan S, Wang L, Beljonne D. Thermally activated intra-chain charge transport in high charge-carrier mobility copolymers. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084115. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered or even seemingly amorphous, donor–acceptor type, conjugated copolymers with high charge-carrier mobility have emerged as a new class of functional materials, where transport along the conjugated backbone is key. Here, we report on non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of charge-carrier transport along chains of poly (indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole), within a model Hamiltonian parameterized against first-principles calculations. We predict thermally activated charge transport associated with a slightly twisted ground-state conformation, on par with experimental results. Our results also demonstrate that the energy mismatch between the hole on the donor vs the acceptor units of the copolymer drives localization of the charge carriers and limits the intra-chain charge-carrier mobility. We predict that room-temperature mobility values in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 can be achieved through proper chemical tuning of the component monomer units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishat Dilmurat
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Suryoday Prodhan
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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16
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van der Lee A, Polentarutti M, Roche GH, Dautel OJ, Wantz G, Castet F, Muccioli L. Temperature-Dependent Structural Phase Transition in Rubrene Single Crystals: The Missing Piece from the Charge Mobility Puzzle? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:406-411. [PMID: 34986305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate structural models for rubrene, the benchmark organic semiconductor, derived from synchrotron X-ray data in the temperature range of 100-300 K, show that its cofacially stacked tetracene backbone units remain blocked with respect to each other upon cooling to 200 K and start to slip below that temperature. The release of the blocked slippage occurs at approximately the same temperature as the hole mobility crossover. The blocking between 200 and 300 K is caused by a negative correlation between the relatively small thermal expansion along the crystallographic b-axis and the relatively large widening of the angle between herringbone-stacked tetracene units. DFT calculations reveal that this blocked slippage is accompanied by a discontinuity in the variation with temperature of the electronic couplings associated with hole transport between cofacially stacked tetracene backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie van der Lee
- IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurizio Polentarutti
- Elettra, Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gilles H Roche
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Olivier J Dautel
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Wantz
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR5255 CNRS), 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Luca Muccioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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17
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Qi F, Jones LO, Jiang K, Jang SH, Kaminsky W, Oh J, Zhang H, Cai Z, Yang C, Kohlstedt KL, Schatz GC, Lin FR, Marks TJ, Jen AKY. Regiospecific N-alkyl substitution tunes the molecular packing of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:403-410. [PMID: 34666341 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with strong near-infrared absorption has led to remarkably enhanced short-circuit current density (Jsc) values in organic solar cells (OSCs). NFAs based on the benzotriazole (Bz) fused-ring π-core have great potential in delivering both high Jsc and decent open-circuit voltage values due to their strong intramolecular charge transfer with reasonably low energy loss. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a series of Bz-based NFAs, PN6SBO-4F, AN6SBO-4F and EHN6SEH-4F, via regiospecific N-alkyl engineering based on the high-performance NFA mBzS-4F that was reported previously. The molecular packing of mBzS-4F, AN6SBO-4F, and EHN6SEH-4F single crystals was analyzed using X-ray crystallography in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the correlation between the molecular structure, the charge-transporting properties, and the solar cell performance. Compared with the typical honeycomb single-crystal structure of Y6 derivatives, these NFAs exhibit distinctly different molecular packing patterns. The strong interactions of terminal indanone groups in mBzS-4F and the J-aggregate-like packing in EHN6SEH-4F lead to the formation of ordered 3D networks in single-crystals with channels for efficient charge transport. Consequently, OSCs based on mBzS-4F and EHN6SEH-4F show efficient photon-to-current conversions, achieving the highest power conversion efficiency of 17.48% with a Jsc of 28.83 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sei-Hum Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Hongna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Kevin L Kohlstedt
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center (MRC), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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18
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Yan S, Cazorla A, Babuji A, Solano E, Ruzié C, Geerts YH, Ocal C, Barrena E. Temperature-induced polymorphism of a benzothiophene derivative: reversibility and impact on the thin film morphology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24562-24569. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation of a high temperature polymorph when C8O–BTBT–OC8 films are annealed, with different scenarios after cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Yan
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Cazorla
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adara Babuji
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- ALBA synchrotron, C/de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yves H. Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 206/01, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP 231, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Selezneva E, Vercouter A, Schweicher G, Lemaur V, Broch K, Antidormi A, Takimiya K, Coropceanu V, Brédas JL, Melis C, Cornil J, Sirringhaus H. Strong Suppression of Thermal Conductivity in the Presence of Long Terminal Alkyl Chains in Low-Disorder Molecular Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008708. [PMID: 34342927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While the charge transport properties of organic semiconductors have been extensively studied over the recent years, the field of organics-based thermoelectrics is still limited by a lack of experimental data on thermal transport and of understanding of the associated structure-property relationships. To fill this gap, a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation of the lattice thermal conductivity in polycrystalline thin films of dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (Cn-DNTT-Cn with n = 0, 8) semiconductors is reported. Strikingly, thermal conductivity appears to be much more isotropic than charge transport, which is confined to the 2D molecular layers. A direct comparison between experimental measurements (3ω-Völklein method) and theoretical estimations (approach-to-equilibrium molecular dynamics (AEMD) method) indicates that the in-plane thermal conductivity is strongly reduced in the presence of the long terminal alkyl chains. This evolution can be rationalized by the strong localization of the intermolecular vibrational modes in C8-DNTT-C8 in comparison to unsubstituted DNTT cores, as evidenced by a vibrational mode analysis. Combined with the enhanced charge transport properties of alkylated DNTT systems, this opens the possibility to decouple electron and phonon transport in these materials, which provides great potential for enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Selezneva
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alexandre Vercouter
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aleandro Antidormi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Group, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Claudio Melis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato (Ca), 09042, Italy
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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20
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Lucas F, McIntosh N, Jacques E, Lebreton C, Heinrich B, Donnio B, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Quinton C, Cornil J, Poriel C. [4]Cyclo- N-alkyl-2,7-carbazoles: Influence of the Alkyl Chain Length on the Structural, Electronic, and Charge Transport Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8804-8820. [PMID: 34077184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycles possessing radially oriented π-orbitals have experienced a fantastic development. However, their incorporation in organic electronic devices remains very scarce. In this work, we aim at bridging the gap between organic electronics and nanorings by reporting the first detailed structure-properties-device performance relationship study of organic functional materials based on a nanoring system. Three [4]cyclo-N-alkyl-2,7-carbazoles bearing different alkyl chains on their nitrogen atoms have been synthesized and characterized by combined experimental and theoretical approaches. This study includes electrochemical, photophysical, thermal, and structural solid-state measurements and charge transport properties investigations. An optimized protocol of the Pt approach has been developed to synthesize the [4]cyclocarbazoles in high yield (52-64%), of great interest for further development of nanorings, especially in materials science. The charge transport properties of [4]cyclocarbazoles and model compound [8]cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP) have been studied. Although no field effect (FE) mobility was recorded for the benchmark [8]CPP, FE mobility values of ca. 10-5 cm2·V-1·s-1 were recorded for the [4]cyclocarbazoles. The characteristics (threshold voltage VTH, subthreshold swing SS, trapping energy ΔE) recorded for the three [4]cyclocarbazoles appear to be modulated by the alkyl chain length borne by the nitrogen atoms. Remarkably, the space-charge-limited current mobilities measured for the [4]cyclocarbazoles are about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of [8]CPP (1.37/2.78 × 10-4 cm2·V-1·s-1 for the [4]cyclocarbazoles vs 1.21 × 10-7 cm2·V-1·s-1 for [8]CPP), highlighting the strong effect of nitrogen bridges on the charge transport properties. The whole study opens the way to the use of nanorings in electronics, which is now the next step of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lucas
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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21
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Li QY, Yao ZF, Wang JY, Pei J. Multi-level aggregation of conjugated small molecules and polymers: from morphology control to physical insights. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:076601. [PMID: 33887704 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abfaad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of molecules is a multi-molecular phenomenon occurring when two or more molecules behave differently from discrete molecules due to their intermolecular interactions. Moving beyond single molecules, aggregation usually demonstrates evolutive or wholly emerging new functionalities relative to the molecular components. Conjugated small molecules and polymers interact with each other, resulting in complex solution-state aggregates and solid-state microstructures. Optoelectronic properties of conjugated small molecules and polymers are sensitively determined by their aggregation states across a broad range of spatial scales. This review focused on the aggregation ranging from molecular structure, intermolecular interactions, solution-state assemblies, and solid-state microstructures of conjugated small molecules and polymers. We addressed the importance of such aggregation in filling the gaps from the molecular level to device functions and highlighted the multi-scale structures and properties at different scales. From the view of multi-level aggregation behaviors, we divided the whole process from the molecule to devices into several parts: molecular design, solvation, solution-state aggregation, crystal engineering, and solid-state microstructures. We summarized the progress and challenges of relationships between optoelectronic properties and multi-level aggregation. We believe aggregation science will become an interdisciplinary research field and serves as a general platform to develop future materials with the desired functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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22
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Gómez P, Georgakopoulos S, Más-Montoya M, Cerdá J, Pérez J, Ortí E, Aragó J, Curiel D. Improving the Robustness of Organic Semiconductors through Hydrogen Bonding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8620-8630. [PMID: 33576612 PMCID: PMC8893359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular organization plays an essential role in organic semiconductors since it determines the extent of intermolecular interactions that govern the charge transport present in all electronic applications. The benefits of hydrogen bond-directed self-assembly on charge transport properties are demonstrated by comparing two analogous pyrrole-based, fused heptacyclic molecules. The rationally designed synthesis of these materials allows for inducing or preventing hydrogen bonding. Strategically located hydrogen bond donor and acceptor sites control the solid-state arrangement, favoring the supramolecular expansion of the π-conjugated surface and the subsequent π-stacking as proved by X-ray diffraction and computational calculations. The consistency observed for the performance of organic field-effect transistors and the morphology of the organic thin films corroborate that higher stability and thermal robustness are achieved in the hydrogen-bonded material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gómez
- Multifunctional
Molecular Materials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Stamatis Georgakopoulos
- Multifunctional
Molecular Materials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Más-Montoya
- Multifunctional
Molecular Materials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Regional Campus
of International Excellence, Technical University
of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán
2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - David Curiel
- Multifunctional
Molecular Materials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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23
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Gueye MN, Vercouter A, Jouclas R, Guérin D, Lemaur V, Schweicher G, Lenfant S, Antidormi A, Geerts Y, Melis C, Cornil J, Vuillaume D. Thermal conductivity of benzothieno-benzothiophene derivatives at the nanoscale. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3800-3807. [PMID: 33565562 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study by scanning thermal microscopy the nanoscale thermal conductance of films (40-400 nm thick) of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT) and 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT-C8). We demonstrate that the out-of-plane thermal conductivity is significant along the interlayer direction, larger for BTBT (0.63 ± 0.12 W m-1 K-1) compared to C8-BTBT-C8 (0.25 ± 0.13 W m-1 K-1). These results are supported by molecular dynamics calculations (approach to equilibrium molecular dynamics method) performed on the corresponding molecular crystals. The calculations point to significant thermal conductivity (3D-like) values along the 3 crystalline directions, with anisotropy factors between the crystalline directions below 1.8 for BTBT and below 2.8 for C8-BTBT-C8, in deep contrast with the charge transport properties featuring a two-dimensional character for these materials. In agreement with the experiments, the calculations yield larger values in BTBT compared to C8-BTBT-C8 (0.6-1.3 W m-1 K-1versus 0.3-0.7 W m-1 K-1, respectively). The weak thickness dependence of the nanoscale thermal resistance is in agreement with a simple analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magatte N Gueye
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Alexandre Vercouter
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - David Guérin
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Aleandro Antidormi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. and International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudio Melis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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24
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Peng X, Li Q, Shuai Z. Influences of dynamic and static disorder on the carrier mobility of BTBT-C12 derivatives: a multiscale computational study. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3252-3262. [PMID: 33533394 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of dynamic and static disorder has been widely discussed for carrier transport in organic semiconductors. In this work, we apply a multiscale approach by combining molecular dynamics simulations, quantum mechanics calculations and kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations to study the influence of dynamic and static disorder on the hole mobility of four didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT-C12) isomers. It is found that the dynamic disorder of transfer integral tends to decrease the mobility for quasi-1D (quasi one-dimensional) BTBT1 and BTBT4 isomers and increase the mobility for 2D (two-dimensional) BTBT2 and BTBT3 isomers, while the dynamic disorder of site energy tends to decrease mobility for all the four isomers; however, the reduction in 2D molecules is much less than that in quasi-1D molecules. Results show that trap defects could reduce the mobility for both the quasi-1D and 2D molecular structures significantly, even to several orders of magnitude. In addition, our work also reveals that there might exist two kinds of oxidation defects of the scatter type for the concerned isomers, which thus leads to greater reduction in mobility for the quasi-1D molecular structures than the 2D molecular structures. The study shows that the 2D molecular structures are favored over the quasi-1D or 1D molecular structure, and it is expected that these results could be used to shed light on device design in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Bodlos WR, Mattiello S, Perinot A, Gigli L, Demitri N, Beverina L, Caironi M, Resel R. Cold Crystallization of the Organic n-Type Small Molecule Semiconductor 2-Decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]benzothiophene S, S, S', S'-Tetraoxide. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:325-332. [PMID: 33442331 PMCID: PMC7792511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric n-type Ph-BTBT-C10 derivative 2-decyl-7-phenyl-[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene S,S,S',S'-tetraoxide is structurally investigated in the thin film regime. After film preparation by spin coating and physical vapor deposition, a rather disordered structure is observed, with a strong change of its internal degree of order upon heating. At 95 °C, a transition into a layered structure of upright standing molecules without any in-plane order appears, and at 135 °C, crystallization takes place. This phase information is combined with surface morphological studies and charge carrier mobility measurements to describe the structure and thin film transistor applicability of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Rao Bodlos
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Perinot
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza-Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department
of Materials Science, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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26
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Fortunato A, Sanzone A, Mattiello S, Beverina L, Mba M. The pH- and salt-controlled self-assembly of [1]benzothieno[3,2- b][1]-benzothiophene–peptide conjugates in supramolecular hydrogels. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salt- and pH-triggered supramolecular hydrogels were obtained from a novel [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT)-peptide hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fortunato
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Padova, PD
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanzone
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM
- Milano I-20125
- Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM
- Milano I-20125
- Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano-Bicocca and INSTM
- Milano I-20125
- Italy
| | - Miriam Mba
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- Padova, PD
- Italy
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27
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Abe H, Kawasaki A, Takeda T, Hoshino N, Matsuda W, Seki S, Akutagawa T. Crystal Lattice Design of H2O-Tolerant n-Type Semiconducting Dianionic Naphthalenediimide Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:1046-1060. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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28
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Babuji A, Silvestri F, Pithan L, Richard A, Geerts YH, Tessler N, Solomeshch O, Ocal C, Barrena E. Effect of the Organic Semiconductor Side Groups on the Structural and Electronic Properties of Their Interface with Dopants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57578-57586. [PMID: 33290038 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two derivatives of [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (BTBT), namely, 2,7-dioctyl-BTBT (C8-BTBT) and 2,7-diphenyl-BTBT (DPh-BTBT), belonging to one of the best performing organic semiconductor (OSC) families, have been employed to investigate the influence of the substitutional side groups on the properties of the interface created when they are in contact with dopant molecules. As a molecular p-dopant, the fluorinated fullerene C60F48 is used because of its adequate electronic levels and its bulky molecular structure. Despite the dissimilarity introduced by the OSC film termination, dopant thin films grown on top adopt the same (111)-oriented FCC crystalline structure in the two cases. However, the early stage distribution of the dopant on each OSC film surface is dramatically influenced by the group side, leading to distinct host-dopant interfacial morphologies that strongly affect the nanoscale local work function. In this context, Kelvin probe force microscopy and photoelectron emission spectroscopy provide a comprehensive picture of the interfacial electronic properties. The extent of charge transfer and energy level alignment between OSCs and dopant are debated in light of the differences in the ionization potential of the OSC in the films, the interface nanomorphology, and the electronic coupling with the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adara Babuji
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Silvestri
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linus Pithan
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Richard
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP206/1, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- International Solvay Institutes of Physics and Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP231, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nir Tessler
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Solomeshch
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Lu H, Zhang X, Sakurai T, Li X, Tu Y, Guo J, Seki S, Li CY, Ungar G, Cheng SZD. Frustrated Layered Self-Assembly Induced Superlattice from Two-Dimensional Nanosheets. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8647-8653. [PMID: 33164515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we reported a hierarchical self-assembly approach toward well-defined superlattices in supramolecular liquid crystals by fullerene-based sphere-cone block molecules. The fullerenes crystallize to form monolayer nanosheets intercalated by the attached soft hydrocarbon cones. The frustration caused by cross-sectional area mismatch between the spheres and the somewhat oversize cones leads to a unique lamellar superlattice whereby each stack of six pairs of alternating sphere-cone sublayers is followed by a cone double layer. While such areal mismatch problems in soft matter are usually solved by interface curvature, the lamellar superlattice solution is best suited to systems with rigid layers. Meanwhile, formation of the superlattice significantly improves the material's transient electron conductivity, with the maximum value being among the highest for π-conjugated organic materials. The design principle of solving steric frustration by forming a superlattice opens a new avenue toward self-assembled optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Christopher Y Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Shanxi International Research Center for Soft Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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30
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Li L, Wang S, Li Y, Xie H, Niu D, Huang H, Gao Y. Modification of an ultrathin C 60 interlayer on the electronic structure and molecular packing of C8-BTBT on HOPG. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25264-25271. [PMID: 33135703 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04288a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to investigate the electronic structure and molecular packing of C8-BTBT on HOPG with an ultrathin C60 interlayer. It was found that C8-BTBT displays a Vollmer-Weber (V-W) growth mode on HOPG, with an ultrathin C60 interlayer (0.7 nm). Compared to the uniform lying-down growth mode as directly grown on HOPG, the C8-BTBT molecules here adopt a lying-down orientation at low coverage with some small tilt angles because the π-π interaction between C8-BTBT and HOPG is partly disturbed by the C60 interlayer, delivering a higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in C8-BTBT. An interface dipole of 0.14 eV is observed due to electron transport from C8-BTBT to C60. The upward and downward band bending in C8-BTBT and C60, respectively, near the C8-BTBT/C60 interface reduces the hole transport barrier at the interface, facilitating the hole injection from C60 to C8-BTBT, while a large electron transfer barrier from C60 to C8-BTBT is detected at this interface, which effectively limits electron injection from C60 to C8-BTBT. The HOMO of C8-BTBT near the interface is largely lifted up by the C60 insertion layer, which causes a p-doping effect and increases the hole mobility in C8-BTBT. Furthermore, owing to the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C60 residing in the gap of C8-BTBT, charge transfer occurs between C60 and the trap states in C8-BTBT to effectively passivate the trapping states. Our efforts aid a better understanding of the electron structure and film growth of anisotropic molecules and provide a useful strategy to improve the performance of C8-BTBT-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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31
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Tasior M, Vakuliuk O, Koga D, Koszarna B, Górski K, Grzybowski M, Kielesiński Ł, Krzeszewski M, Gryko DT. Method for the Large-Scale Synthesis of Multifunctional 1,4-Dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrroles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13529-13543. [PMID: 32907329 PMCID: PMC7656515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A thorough investigation has enabled
the optimization of the synthesis
of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. Although salts
of such metals as vanadium, niobium, cerium, and manganese were found
to facilitate the formation of 1,4-dihydro-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles from amines, aldehydes, and diacetyl, we confirmed that
iron salts are the most efficient catalysts. The conditions identified
(first step: toluene/AcOH = 1:1, 1 h, 50 °C; second step: toluene/AcOH
= 1:1, Fe(ClO4)3·H2O, 16 h,
50 °C) resulted in the formation of tetraarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles in a 6–69% yield. For the first time,
very electron-rich substituents (4-Me2NC6H4, 3-(OH)C6H4, pyrrol-2-yl) originating
from aldehydes and sterically hindered substituents (2-ClC6H4, 2-BrC6H4, 2-CNC6H4, 2-(CO2Me)C6H4, 2-(TMS-C≡C)C6H4) present on anilines can be appended to the
pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core. It is now also possible
to prepare 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles bearing
an ordered arrangement of N-substituents and C-substituents ranging from coumarin, quinoline, phthalimide
to truxene. These advances in scope enable independent regulations
of many desired photophysical properties, including the Stokes shift
value and emission color ranging from violet-blue through deep blue,
green, yellow to red. Simultaneously, the optimized conditions have
finally allowed the synthesis of these extremely promising heterocycles
in amounts of more than 10 g per run without a concomitant decrease
in yield or product contamination. Empowered with better functional
group compatibility, novel derivatization strategies were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daiki Koga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kielesiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Abe H, Kawasaki A, Takeda T, Hoshino N, Matsuda W, Seki S, Akutagawa T. Switching of Electron and Ion Conductions by Reversible H 2O Sorption in n-Type Organic Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:37391-37399. [PMID: 32814389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polar H2O molecules generally act as trapping sites and suppress the electron mobility of n-type organic semiconductors, making chemical design of H2O-tolerant and responsive n-type semiconductors an important step toward multifunctional electron-ion coupling devices. The introduction of effective electrostatic interactions between potassium ions (K+) and carboxylate (-COO-) anions into the electron-transporting naphthalenediimide π-framework enables the design of high-performance H2O-tolerant n-type semiconductors with a reversible H2O adsorption-desorption ability, where the electron mobility and K+ ionic conductivity were coupled with the reversible H2O sorption behavior. The reversible H2O adsorption into the crystals enhanced the electron mobility from 0.04 to 0.28 cm2 V-1 s-1, whereas the K+ ionic conductivity decreased from 3.4 × 10-5 to 4.7 × 10-7 S cm-1. Because this reversible electron-ion conducting switch is responsive to H2O sorption behavior, it is a strong candidate for H2O gating carrier transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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33
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Babuji A, Temiño I, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Solomeshch O, Tessler N, Vila M, Li J, Mas-Torrent M, Ocal C, Barrena E. Double Beneficial Role of Fluorinated Fullerene Dopants on Organic Thin-Film Transistors: Structural Stability and Improved Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28416-28425. [PMID: 32460481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work assesses improved carrier injection in organic field-effect transistors by contact doping and provides fundamental insight into the multiple impacts that the dopant/semiconductor interface details have on the long-term and thermal stability of devices. We investigate donor [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]-[1]benzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives with one and two octyl side chains attached to the core, therefore constituting asymmetric (BTBT-C8) and symmetric (C8-BTBT-C8) molecules, respectively. Our results reveal that films formed out of the asymmetric BTBT-C8 expose the same alkyl-terminated surface as the C8-BTBT-C8 films do. In both cases, the consequence of depositing fluorinated fullerene (C60F48) as a molecular p-dopant is the formation of C60F48 crystalline islands decorating the step edges of the underlying semiconductor film surface. We demonstrate that local work function changes along with a peculiar nanomorphology lead to the double beneficial effect of lowering the contact resistance and providing long-term and enhanced thermal stability of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adara Babuji
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Temiño
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Solomeshch
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Tessler
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria Vila
- SpLine CRG BM25 Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jinghai Li
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barrena
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang R, Su Z, Yan X, Huang J, Shan W, Dong X, Feng X, Lin Z, Cheng SZD. Discovery of Structural Complexity through Self‐Assembly of Molecules Containing Rodlike Components. Chemistry 2020; 26:6741-6756. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimeng Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zebin Su
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xiao‐Yun Yan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Xue‐Hui Dong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology School of Molecular Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Akron OH 44325-3909 USA
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35
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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36
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Wang C, Hashizume D, Nakano M, Ogaki T, Takenaka H, Kawabata K, Takimiya K. "Disrupt and induce" intermolecular interactions to rationally design organic semiconductor crystals: from herringbone to rubrene-like pitched π-stacking. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1573-1580. [PMID: 34084388 PMCID: PMC8148081 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The packing structures of organic semiconductors in the solid state play critical roles in determining the performances of their optoelectronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). It is a formidable challenge to rationally design molecular packing in the solid state owing to the difficulty of controlling intermolecular interactions. Here we report a unique materials design strategy based on the β-methylthionation of acenedithiophenes to generally and selectively control the packing structures of materials to create organic semiconductors rivalling rubrene, a benchmark high-mobility material with a characteristic pitched π-stacking structure in the solid state. Furthermore, the effect of the β-methylthionation on the packing structure was analyzed by Hirshfeld surface analysis together with theoretical calculations based on symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). The results clearly demonstrated that the β-methylthionation of acenedithiophenes can universally alter the intermolecular interactions by disrupting the favorable edge-to-face manner in the parent acenedithiophenes and simultaneously inducing face-to-face and end-to-face interactions in the β-methylthionated acenedithiophenes. This “disrupt and induce” strategy to manipulate intermolecular interactions can open a door to rational packing design based on the molecular structure. The rational design of organic semiconductor crystals is realized by β-methylthionation of acenedithiophenes through manipulating intermolecular interactions in a “disrupt and induce” manner.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Wang
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takuya Ogaki
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takenaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Emergent Molecular Function Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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37
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Inoue S, Higashino T, Arai S, Kumai R, Matsui H, Tsuzuki S, Horiuchi S, Hasegawa T. Regioisomeric control of layered crystallinity in solution-processable organic semiconductors. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12493-12505. [PMID: 34976335 PMCID: PMC8647348 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction and control of 2D layered molecular packing motifs with functionally substituted π-electron cores are crucial for developing organic electronic materials and devices. We investigated a regioisomeric structure–property relationship in high-performance and solution-processable layered organic semiconductors based on mono-octyl-substituted benzothieno[3,2-b]naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene (mono-C8-BTNT). We demonstrated that an isomorphous bilayer-type layered herringbone packing motif is obtainable in a series of four positional isomers of mono-C8-BTNTs whose π-electron core is substituted by an octyl chain at one of the four most peripheral positions with roughly keeping the rod-like molecular shape. These regioisomeric compounds exhibited systematic variations in the solvent solubility and liquid-crystalline phase transitions at elevated temperatures. The analysis of intermolecular interaction energies in the crystals based on dispersion-corrected DFT calculations revealed that the crystals of 2- and 8-mono-C8-BTNTs are more stable than those of 3- and 9-mono-C8-BTNTs owing to the higher ordering of alkyl chain layers in the crystals. Such differences of the stability in their crystal formation are closely correlated with TFT performances, where the single-crystal devices of the 2- and 8-mono-C8-BTNTs substituted at the most peripheral positions exhibit high-performance TFT characteristics with a mobility of approximately 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. An isomorphous bilayer-type layered herringbone crystal packing is reported for a series of four positional isomers of mono-C8-BTNTs, where the single-crystal devices with the isomers exhibit high-performance TFT characteristics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Inoue
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113 8656, Japan
| | - Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shunto Arai
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113 8656, Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Condensed Matter Research Centre (CMRC) and Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113 8656, Japan
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38
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Zhang F, Lemaur V, Choi W, Kafle P, Seki S, Cornil J, Beljonne D, Diao Y. Repurposing DNA-binding agents as H-bonded organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4217. [PMID: 31527590 PMCID: PMC6746806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are usually polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their analogs containing heteroatom substitution. Bioinspired materials chemistry of organic electronics promises new charge transport mechanism and specific molecular recognition with biomolecules. We discover organic semiconductors from deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerase inhibitors, featuring conjugated backbone decorated with hydrogen-bonding moieties distinct from common organic semiconductors. Using ellipticine as a model compound, we find that hydrogen bonds not only guide polymorph assembly, but are also critical to forming efficient charge transport pathways along π-conjugated planes when at a low dihedral angle by shortening the end-to-end distance of adjacent π planes. In the π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding directions, the intrinsic, short-range hole mobilities reach as high as 6.5 cm2V-1s-1 and 4.2 cm2V-1s-1 measured by microwave conductivity, and the long-range apparent hole mobilities are up to 1.3 × 10-3 cm2V-1s-1 and 0.4 × 10-3 cm2V-1s-1 measured in field-effect transistors. We further demonstrate printed transistor devices and chemical sensors as potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
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Shi W, Deng T, Wu G, Hippalgaonkar K, Wang JS, Yang SW. Unprecedented Enhancement of Thermoelectric Power Factor Induced by Pressure in Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901956. [PMID: 31348561 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the relationship between pressure and heat-electricity interconversion in van der Waals bonded small-molecule organic semiconductors is critical not only in designing flexible thermoelectric materials, but also in developing organic electronics. Here, based on first-principles calculations and using naphthalene as a case study, an unprecedented elevation of p-type thermoelectric power factor induced by pressure is demonstrated; and the power factor increases by 267% from 159.5 µW m-1 K-2 under ambient conditions to 585.8 µW m-1 K-2 at 2.1 GPa. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the dramatic inhibition of lattice-vibration-caused electronic scattering. Furthermore, it is revealed that both restraining low-frequency intermolecular vibrational modes and increasing intermolecular electronic coupling are two essential factors that effectively suppress the electron-phonon scattering. From the standpoint of molecular design, these two conditions can be achieved by extending the π-conjugated backbones, introducing long alkyl sidechains to the π-cores, and substituting heteroatoms in the π-cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tianqi Deng
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kedar Hippalgaonkar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shuo-Wang Yang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
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Higashino T, Inoue S, Sadamitsu Y, Arai S, Horiuchi S, Hasegawa T. Bilayer-type Layered Herringbone Packing in 3-n-Octyl-9-phenyl-benzothieno[3,2-b]naphtho[2,3-b]thiophene. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Satoru Inoue
- Center for Innovative Research, Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., Tokyo 115-8588, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sadamitsu
- Center for Innovative Research, Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd., Tokyo 115-8588, Japan
| | - Shunto Arai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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41
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Shukla R, Ruzié C, Schweicher G, Kennedy AR, Geerts YH, Chopra D, Chattopadhyay B. Insight from electron density and energy framework analysis on the structural features of F x-TCNQ (x = 0, 2, 4) family of molecules. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:71-78. [PMID: 32830780 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618017109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the nature and characteristics of the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in crystal structures of the fluoro-substituted 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) family of molecules, i.e. Fx-TCNQ (x = 0, 2, 4), are explored. The molecular geometry of the reported crystal structures is directly dependent on the degree of fluorination in the molecule, which consequently also results in the presence of an intramolecular N[triple-bond]C...F-C π-hole tetrel bond. Apart from this, the energy framework analysis performed along the respective transport planes provides new insights into the energetic distribution in this class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462066
| | - Christian Ruzié
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CP 206/01, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CP 206/01, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-Pass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462066
| | - Basab Chattopadhyay
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, CP 206/01, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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42
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Aldrich TJ, Matta M, Zhu W, Swick SM, Stern CL, Schatz GC, Facchetti A, Melkonyan FS, Marks TJ. Fluorination Effects on Indacenodithienothiophene Acceptor Packing and Electronic Structure, End-Group Redistribution, and Solar Cell Photovoltaic Response. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3274-3287. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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43
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Hyodo K, Nishinaga S, Sawanaka Y, Ishida T, Mori H, Nishihara Y. Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Dibenzo[2,3- d:2',3'- d']anthra[1,2- b:5,6- b']dithiophene (DBADT) and Its Derivatives: Effect of Substituents on Their Molecular Orientation and Transistor Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:698-709. [PMID: 30562469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized dibenzo[2,3- d:2',3'- d']anthra[1,2- b:5,6- b']dithiophene (DBADT) and several derivatives bearing alkyl and phenyl groups at various positions. The optical and electrochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated. All the fabricated OFET devices exhibited typical p-type behavior under ambient conditions, and diphenyl-substituted analogue-based OFET devices showed excellent mobility, as high as 0.66 cm2 V-1 s-1. The surface morphology and molecular orientation in thin films were also investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (2D-GIXD). It was found that the substituents and their positions affect the molecular orbitals, molecular orientation, and morphology of the thin films, producing different FET performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hyodo
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishinaga
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yuta Sawanaka
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Takumi Ishida
- Division of Earth, Life, and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science , Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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44
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Jiang Y, Geng H, Li W, Shuai Z. Understanding Carrier Transport in Organic Semiconductors: Computation of Charge Mobility Considering Quantum Nuclear Tunneling and Delocalization Effects. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1477-1491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Jiang
- Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weitang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Yavuz I, Lin JB, Houk KN. Impact of morphology, side-chains, and crystallinity on charge-transport properties of π-extended double helicenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:901-914. [PMID: 30560256 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06982d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a computational study on the effect of side-chain substitution, heteroaromatic substitution and unique crystal packing on the charge transport and mobility of three double helicene molecules. These double helicene (DH) molecules, having curved π-conjugation, are structural hybrids of non-planar [6]helicene and planar tribenzo[b,n,pqr]perylene (TBP). We find that side-chain substitution has only a effect on intrinsic electronic properties in DHs but dramatically impacts the packing arrangement, morphologies and transport network, exhibited in calculated charge transport parameters. Interestingly, the dimensionality of the transport evolves from one dimensional to three dimensional with side-chain substitution (DH2) and heteroaromatic substitution (DH3). Using two different well-known transport models, we have established a direct link between the morphology, transport connectivity, and hole mobilities. While both unsubstituted and substituted DHs exhibit high hole mobilities in the ordered phase, the results show that with inclusion of positional disorder, the mobilities of disordered DH1 and DH3 are lower while the mobility of DH2 remain nearly unchanged. We relate this effect to the dimensionality of their unique transport networks. These DH molecules are promising organic semiconductors with high mobilities in ordered and disordered phases, with predicted values that lie in the range of ∼1 to 10 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, 34722, Ziverbey, Istanbul, Turkey.
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46
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Tasior M, Koszarna B, Young DC, Bernard B, Jacquemin D, Gryko D, Gryko DT. Fe(iii)-Catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles: formation of new dyes and photophysical studies. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00675c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new method for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrarylpyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles has been developed employing iron(iii) perchlorate as a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - David C. Young
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Beata Bernard
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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47
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Higashino T, Ueda A, Mori H. Di- and tetramethoxy benzothienobenzothiophenes: substitution position effects on the intermolecular interactions, crystal packing and transistor properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the structure and transistor properties of novel benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT) derivatives with 2,3-dimethoxy and 2,3,7,8-tetramethoxy groups was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| | - Hatsumi Mori
- The Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
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48
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Mohankumar M, Chattopadhyay B, Hadji R, Sanguinet L, Kennedy AR, Lemaur V, Cornil J, Fenwick O, Samorì P, Geerts Y. Oxacycle‐Fused [1]Benzothieno[3,2‐
b
][1]benzothiophene Derivatives: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, Electrochemical Properties, Ionisation Potential, and Crystal Structure. Chempluschem 2018; 84:1263-1269. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meera Mohankumar
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 206/1 Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Basab Chattopadhyay
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 206/1 Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Rachid Hadji
- LUNAM Université MOLTECH-Anjou UMRCNRS 6200Université d'Angers 2 Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Lionel Sanguinet
- LUNAM Université MOLTECH-Anjou UMRCNRS 6200Université d'Angers 2 Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL Scotland, UK
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux NouveauxUniversité de Mons (UMons) Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux NouveauxUniversité de Mons (UMons) Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Oliver Fenwick
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yves Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Faculté des SciencesUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 206/1 Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
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49
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Takeda T, Ikemoto T, Yamamoto S, Matsuda W, Seki S, Mitsuishi M, Akutagawa T. Preparation, Electronic and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Electron-Accepting Azaacene Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13694-13703. [PMID: 31458070 PMCID: PMC6645422 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of electron-accepting azaacene-type materials 1-4 with different kinds and degrees of intermolecular interactions were synthesized. Simple modification of the terminal substituents significantly modulated the photophysical and electrochemical properties. The degree of weak intermolecular interaction determined the emergence of a liquid crystalline (LC) phase for each compound. Dipole-dipole interaction, π-π interaction, and van der Waals interaction all contributed to stabilize the LC phase of 1 and 2. The introduction of strong hydrogen bonding interaction enabled the formation of a highly ordered LC phase in 4. Charge-transport properties of 1, 2, and 4 were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ikemoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamamoto
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Masaya Mitsuishi
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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50
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Huang H, Xu Z, Ji X, Li B, Deng GJ. Thiophene-Fused Heteroaromatic Systems Enabled by Internal Oxidant-Induced Cascade Bis-Heteroannulation. Org Lett 2018; 20:4917-4920. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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