1
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Abramov A, Slautin B, Pryakhina V, Shur V, Kholkin A, Alikin D. Spatially-Resolved Study of the Electronic Transport and Resistive Switching in Polycrystalline Bismuth Ferrite. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:526. [PMID: 36617132 PMCID: PMC9823478 DOI: 10.3390/s23010526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials attract much attention for applications in resistive memory devices due to the large current difference between insulating and conductive states and the ability of carefully controlling electronic transport via the polarization set-up. Bismuth ferrite films are of special interest due to the combination of high spontaneous polarization and antiferromagnetism, implying the possibility to provide multiple physical mechanisms for data storage and operations. Macroscopic conductivity measurements are often hampered to unambiguously characterize the electric transport, because of the strong influence of the diverse material microstructure. Here, we studied the electronic transport and resistive switching phenomena in polycrystalline bismuth ferrite using advanced conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) at different temperatures and electric fields. The new approach to the CAFM spectroscopy and corresponding data analysis are proposed, which allow deep insight into the material band structure at high lateral resolution. Contrary to many studies via macroscopic methods, postulating electromigration of the oxygen vacancies, we demonstrate resistive switching in bismuth ferrite to be caused by the pure electronic processes of trapping/releasing electrons and injection of the electrons by the scanning probe microscopy tip. The electronic transport was shown to be comprehensively described by the combination of the space charge limited current model, while a Schottky barrier at the interface is less important due to the presence of the built-in subsurface charge.
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2
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Kang S, Jang WS, Morozovska AN, Kwon O, Jin Y, Kim YH, Bae H, Wang C, Yang SH, Belianinov A, Randolph S, Eliseev EA, Collins L, Park Y, Jo S, Jung MH, Go KJ, Cho HW, Choi SY, Jang JH, Kim S, Jeong HY, Lee J, Ovchinnikova OS, Heo J, Kalinin SV, Kim YM, Kim Y. Highly enhanced ferroelectricity in HfO 2-based ferroelectric thin film by light ion bombardment. Science 2022; 376:731-738. [PMID: 35549417 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Continuous advancement in nonvolatile and morphotropic beyond-Moore electronic devices requires integration of ferroelectric and semiconductor materials. The emergence of hafnium oxide (HfO2)-based ferroelectrics that are compatible with atomic-layer deposition has opened interesting and promising avenues of research. However, the origins of ferroelectricity and pathways to controlling it in HfO2 are still mysterious. We demonstrate that local helium (He) implantation can activate ferroelectricity in these materials. The possible competing mechanisms, including He ion-induced molar volume changes, vacancy redistribution, vacancy generation, and activation of vacancy mobility, are analyzed. These findings both reveal the origins of ferroelectricity in this system and open pathways for nanoengineered binary ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghun Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Jang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna N Morozovska
- Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, Prospekt. Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Owoong Kwon
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongrok Jin
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagyoul Bae
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenxi Wang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeok Yang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Belianinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | - Steven Randolph
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Eugene A Eliseev
- Institute for Problems of Materials Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Krjijanovskogo 3, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liam Collins
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yeehyun Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyoung Jung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-June Go
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Cho
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Jang
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkook Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jinseong Heo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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3
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Fan H, Tan Z, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang F, Du W, Fan Z, Gao X, Pan F, Yu D, Zhao Y. Enhanced Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties in Graphene-Electroded Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17987-17994. [PMID: 35380776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While using ferroelectric polarization to tune the functional properties of 2D materials has been extensively studied recently, the effects of 2D materials on the ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity of ferroelectrics are much less explored. In this work, we report markedly enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of graphene/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/SrRuO3 (GR/PZT/SRO) capacitors. Compared with conventional metal-electroded ferroelectric capacitors, the GR/PZT/SRO capacitors exhibit more abrupt polarization switching, larger switchable polarization, lower leakage current, and smaller coercive voltage. Moreover, with graphene electrodes, the ferroelectric properties of PZT capacitors are much more stable against aging. The enhanced ferroelectric behaviors in GR/PZT/SRO capacitors can be attributed to an improved interface with fewer defects and inhibited growth of defective interfacial layer resulting from the graphene protection. Because of the atomic thickness and extraordinary mechanical flexibility of graphene, the piezoelectric response in PZT with graphene electrode is about four times larger than the one with an Au electrode. Our findings on the enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of PZT with 2D electrodes advance the understanding of the 2D/PZT interface and provide solutions for developing high-performance ferroelectrics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengwei Tan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wanshun Du
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Mohapatra S, Beaurepaire E, Weber W, Bowen M, Boukari S, Da Costa V. Accessing nanoscopic polarization reversal processes in an organic ferroelectric thin film. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19466-19473. [PMID: 34792081 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Towards eliminating toxic substances from electronic devices, Croconic Acid (CA) has great potential as a sublimable organic ferroelectric material. While studies on CA thin films are just beginning to emerge, its capability to be integrated in nanodevices remains unexplored. We demonstrate at the laterally nanoscopic scale robust ferroelectric switching of a stable enduring polarization at room temperature in CA thin films, without leakage. The challenging ferroelectric characterization at the nanoscale is performed using a unique combination of piezoresponse force microscopy, polarization switching current spectroscopy and concurrent strain response. This helps rationalize the otherwise asymmetric polarization-voltage hysteresis due to background noise limited undetectable switching currents, which are statistically averaged in macrojunctions but become prevalent at the nanoscale. Apart from successfully estimating the nanoscopic polarization in CA thin films, we show that CA is a promising lead-free organic ferroelectric towards nanoscale device integration. Our results, being valid irrespective of the ferroelectrics' nature; organic or inorganic, pave the way for fundamental understandings and technological applications of nanoscopic polarization reversal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Mohapatra
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eric Beaurepaire
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Martin Bowen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Samy Boukari
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Victor Da Costa
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Kwon O, Kang S, Jo S, Kim YD, Han H, Park Y, Lu X, Lee W, Heo J, Alexe M, Kim Y. Quantitative Local Probing of Polarization with Application on HfO 2 -Based Thin Films. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100781. [PMID: 34927955 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their switchable spontaneous polarization, ferroelectric materials have been applied in various fields, such as information technologies, actuators, and sensors. In the last decade, as the characteristic sizes of both devices and materials have decreased significantly below the nanoscale, the development of appropriate characterization tools became essential. Recently, a technique based on conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM), called AFM-positive-up-negative-down (PUND), is employed for the direct measurement of ferroelectric polarization under the AFM tip. However, the main limitation of AFM-PUND is the low frequency (i.e., on the order of a few hertz) that is used to initiate ferroelectric hysteresis. A significantly higher frequency is required to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement efficiency. In this study, a novel method based on high-frequency AFM-PUND using continuous waveform and simultaneous signal acquisition of the switching current is presented, in which polarization-voltage hysteresis loops are obtained on a high-polarization BiFeO3 nanocapacitor at frequencies up to 100 kHz. The proposed method is comprehensively evaluated by measuring nanoscale polarization values of the emerging ferroelectric Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 under the AFM tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owoong Kwon
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Kang
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Jo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Do Kim
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Han
- National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeehyun Park
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- School of Microelectronics & State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Woo Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Heo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Marin Alexe
- Department of Physics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Yunseok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Zhang F, Fan H, Han B, Zhu Y, Deng X, Edwards D, Kumar A, Chen D, Gao X, Fan Z, Rodriguez BJ. Boosting Polarization Switching-Induced Current Injection by Mechanical Force in Ferroelectric Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26180-26186. [PMID: 34036789 PMCID: PMC8289170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When scaling the lateral size of a ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) device down to the nanometer range, the polarization switching-induced displacement current becomes small and challenging to detect, which greatly limits the storage density of FeRAM. Here, we report the observation of significantly enhanced injection currents, much larger than typical switching currents, induced by polarization switching in BiFeO3 thin films via conductive atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, this injected current can be effectively modulated by applying mechanical force. As the loading force increases from ∼50 to ∼750 nN, the magnitude of the injected current increases and the critical voltage to trigger the current injection decreases. Notably, changing the loading force by an order of magnitude increases the peak current by 2-3 orders of magnitude. The mechanically boosted injected current could be useful for the development of high-density FeRAM devices. The mechanical modulation of the injected current may be attributed to the mechanical force-induced changes in the barrier height and interfacial layer width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Zhang
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Fan
- Institute
for Quantum Science and Engineering, and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yudong Zhu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern
University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - David Edwards
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre
for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, U.K.
| | - Deyang Chen
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Institute
for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of
Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy
of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China
Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Brian J. Rodriguez
- School
of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway
Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
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7
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Udalov A, Alikin D, Kholkin A. Piezoresponse in Ferroelectric Materials under Uniform Electric Field of Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3707. [PMID: 34073558 PMCID: PMC8198153 DOI: 10.3390/s21113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The analytical solution for the displacements of an anisotropic piezoelectric material in the uniform electric field is presented for practical use in the "global excitation mode" of piezoresponse force microscopy. The solution is given in the Wolfram Mathematica interactive program code, allowing the derivation of the expression of the piezoresponse both in cases of the anisotropic and isotropic elastic properties. The piezoresponse's angular dependencies are analyzed using model lithium niobate and barium titanate single crystals as examples. The validity of the isotropic approximation is verified in comparison to the fully anisotropic solution. The approach developed in the paper is important for the quantitative measurements of the piezoelectric response in nanomaterials as well as for the development of novel piezoelectric materials for the sensors/actuators applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Udalov
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Denis Alikin
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.U.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrei Kholkin
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (A.U.); (A.K.)
- Department of Physics & CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Calahorra Y, Kim W, Vukajlovic-Plestina J, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Kar-Narayan S. Time-resolved open-circuit conductive atomic force microscopy for direct electromechanical characterisation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:404003. [PMID: 32521513 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9b4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Studying nanomaterial piezoelectricity and triboelectricity is attractive for energy and sensing applications. However, quantitative characterisation of electromechanical effects in nanomaterials is challenging due to practical limitations and possible combination of effects, resulting in contradicting reports at times. When it comes to piezoelectricity at the nanoscale, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is the default characterisation tool. In PFM the converse piezoelectric effect is measured - the conversion from electrical signal to mechanical response. However, there is an underlying desire to measure the direct piezoelectric effect - conversion of mechanical deformation to an electrical signal. This corresponds to energy harvesting and sensing. Here we present time-resolved open-circuit conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) as a new methodology to carry out direct electromechanical characterisation. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that the standard short-circuit cAFM mode is inadequate for piezoelectric characterisation, and that resulting measurements are governed by competing mechanisms. We apply the new methodology to nanowires of GaAs, an important semiconductor, with relatively low piezoelectric coefficients. The results suggest that time-resolved operation distinguishes between triboelectric and piezoelectric signals, and that by measuring the open-circuit voltage rather than short-circuit current, the new methodology allows quantitative characterisation of the vertical piezoelectric coefficient. The result for GaAs nanowires, ∼ 1-3 pm V-1, is in good agreement with existing knowledge and theory. This method represents a significant advance in understanding the coexistence of different electromechanical effects, and in quantitative piezoelectric nanoscale characterisation. The easy implementation will enable better understanding of electromechanics at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Calahorra
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, Cambrdige, United Kingdom
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9
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Kwon O, Seol D, Qiao H, Kim Y. Recent Progress in the Nanoscale Evaluation of Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties via Scanning Probe Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901391. [PMID: 32995111 PMCID: PMC7507502 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials have garnered significant interest owing to their excellent physical properties and multiple potential applications. Accordingly, the need for evaluating piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties has also increased. The piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties are evaluated macroscopically using laser interferometers and polarization-electric field loop measurements. However, as the research focus is shifted from bulk to nanosized materials, scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques have been suggested as an alternative approach for evaluating piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. In this Progress Report, the recent progress on the nanoscale evaluation of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of diverse materials using SPM-based methods is summarized. Among the SPM techniques, the focus is on recent studies that are related to piezoresponse force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy; further, the utilization of these two modes to understand piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties at the nanoscale level is discussed. This work can provide guidelines for evaluating the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of materials based on SPM techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owoong Kwon
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering & Research Center for Advanced Materials TechnologySungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Seol
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering & Research Center for Advanced Materials TechnologySungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Huimin Qiao
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering & Research Center for Advanced Materials TechnologySungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering & Research Center for Advanced Materials TechnologySungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
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10
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Yao FZ, Yuan Q, Wang Q, Wang H. Multiscale structural engineering of dielectric ceramics for energy storage applications: from bulk to thin films. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17165-17184. [PMID: 32789414 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric capacitors with the prominent features of ultrafast charging-discharging rates and ultrahigh power densities are ubiquitous components in modern electronics. To meet the growing demand for electronics miniaturization, dielectric capacitors with high energy storage properties are extensively researched. Here we present an overview of the recent progress in the engineering of multiscale structures of dielectric ceramics ranging from bulk to thin films. This article commences with a brief introduction of the fundamentals of dielectric ceramics, including primary parameters, a library of dielectric ceramics, and multiscale structures. Emphases are placed on the relationship between multiscale structures and energy storage properties and the rational structure design principles in dielectric ceramics. Also included are currently available multilayer ceramic capacitors based on multiscale engineered ceramic structures. Finally, challenges along with opportunities for further research and development of high-performance dielectric ceramics for electrostatic energy storage are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials & School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qibin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials & School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. and School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials & School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China and Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Novel Electronic Information Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Sun Y, Zeng K. Characterization of Catalysts by Advanced Scanning Probe Microscopy and Spectroscopy. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117576 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kaiyang Zeng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1 117576 Singapore Singapore
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