1
|
He J, Liu H, Zhao D, Mehta JS, Qiu CW, Sun F, Teng J, Huang K. High-order diffraction for optical superfocusing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7819. [PMID: 39242615 PMCID: PMC11379695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
High-order diffraction (HOD) from optical microstructures is undesirable in many applications because of the accompanying ghosting patterns and loss of efficiency. In contrast to suppressing HOD with subwavelength structures that challenge the fabrication of large-scale devices, managing HOD is less developed due to the lack of an efficient method for independently manipulating HOD. Here, we report independent manipulation of HODs, which are unexploited for subdiffraction-limit focusing in diffractive lenses, through an analytical formula that correlates the diffraction order and the width of each zone. The large spatial frequencies offered by the HODs enable our lenses to reduce the lateral focal size down to 0.44 λ even without any subwavelength feature (indispensable in most high-NA diffractive lenses), facilitating large-scale manufacture. Experimentally, we demonstrate high-order lens-based confocal imaging with a center-to-center dry resolution of 190 nm, the highest among visible-light confocal microscopies, and laser-ablation lithography with achieved direct-writing resolution of 400 nm (0.385 λ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fangwen Sun
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jie K, Yao Z, Zheng Y, Wang M, Yuan D, Lin Z, Chen S, Qin F, Ou H, Li X, Cao Y. Ultrahigh precision laser nanoprinting based on defect-compensated digital holography for fast-fabricating optical metalenses. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3288-3291. [PMID: 38875602 DOI: 10.1364/ol.522575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The 3D structured light field manipulated by a digital-micromirror-device (DMD)-based digital hologram has demonstrated its superiority in fast-fabricating stereo nanostructures. However, this technique intrinsically suffers from defects of light intensity in generating modulated focal spots, which prevents from achieving high-precision micro/nanodevices. In this Letter, we have demonstrated a compensation approach based on adapting spatial voxel density for fabricating optical metalenses with ultrahigh precision. The modulated focal spot experiences intensity fluctuations of up to 3% by changing the spatial position, leading to a 20% variation of the structural dimension in fabrication. By altering the voxel density to improve the uniformity of the laser cumulative exposure dosage over the fabrication region, we achieved an increased dimensional uniformity from 94.4% to 97.6% in fabricated pillars. This approach enables fast fabrication of metalenses capable of sub-diffraction focusing of 0.44λ/NA with the increased mainlobe-sidelobe ratio from 1:0.34 to 1:0.14. A 6 × 5 supercritical lens array is fabricated within 2 min, paving a way for the fast fabrication of large-scale photonic devices.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Liu W, Li Z, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Tian J, Chen S. Polarization-insensitive high-numerical-aperture metalens for wide-field super-resolution imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1640-1643. [PMID: 38560825 DOI: 10.1364/ol.506612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of super-oscillatory lens (SOL) offers opportunities to realize far-field label-free super-resolution microscopy. Most microscopes based on a high numerical aperture (NA) SOL operate in the point-by-point scanning mode, resulting in a slow imaging speed. Here, we propose a high-NA metalens operating in the single-shot wide-field mode to achieve real-time super-resolution imaging. An optimization model based on the exhaustion algorithm and angular spectrum (AS) theory is developed for metalens design. We numerically demonstrate that the optimized metalens with an NA of 0.8 realizes the imaging resolution (imaging pixel size) about 0.85 times the Rayleigh criterion. The metalens can achieve super-resolution imaging of an object with over 200 pixels, which is one order of magnitude higher than the unoptimized metalens. Our method provides an avenue toward single-shot far-field label-free super-resolution imaging for applications such as real-time imaging of living cells and temporally moving particles.
Collapse
|
4
|
Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Li M, Hu T, Zhao M, Yang Z. Three-dimensional printing of a beam expander to enable the combination of hundred-micron optical elements and a single-mode fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5379-5382. [PMID: 37831872 DOI: 10.1364/ol.499114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We use a flexible two-photon photopolymerization direct laser writing to fabricate an integrated diffractive lens system on a fiber tip to expand the output beam of the fiber. The results show that the micro-integrated beam expander based on double lenses (axial size of about 100 μm) has a magnification of 5.9 and a loss of 0.062 dB. Subsequently, we demonstrate the fabrication of a spiral phase plate (diffractive optical elements) and micro-lens arrays (refractive optical elements) on an integrated beam expander, and their optical properties are measured and analyzed, respectively. This Letter is an exploration of the future integrated micro-optical systems on an optical fiber tip.
Collapse
|
6
|
He J, Zhao D, Liu H, Teng J, Qiu CW, Huang K. An entropy-controlled objective chip for reflective confocal microscopy with subdiffraction-limit resolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5838. [PMID: 37730672 PMCID: PMC10511456 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar diffractive lenses (PDLs) with optimized but disordered structures can focus light beyond the diffraction limit. However, these disordered structures have inevitably destroyed wide-field imaging capability, limiting their applications in microscopy. Here, we introduce information entropy S to evaluate the disorder of an objective chip by using the probability of its structural deviation from standard Fresnel zone plates. Inspired by the theory of entropy change, we predict an equilibrium point [Formula: see text] to balance wide-field imaging (theoretically evaluated by the Strehl ratio) and subdiffraction-limit focusing. To verify this, a [Formula: see text] objective chip with a record-long focal length of 1 mm is designed with [Formula: see text], which is the nearest to the equilibrium point among all reported PDLs. Consequently, our fabricated chip can focus light with subdiffraction-limit size of 0.44 λ and image fine details with spatial frequencies up to 4000 lp/mm experimentally. These unprecedented performances enable ultracompact reflective confocal microscopy for superresolution imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li W, He P, Lei D, Fan Y, Du Y, Gao B, Chu Z, Li L, Liu K, An C, Yuan W, Yu Y. Super-resolution multicolor fluorescence microscopy enabled by an apochromatic super-oscillatory lens with extended depth-of-focus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5107. [PMID: 37607942 PMCID: PMC10444772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar super-oscillatory lens (SOL), a far-field subwavelength-focusing diffractive device, holds great potential for achieving sub-diffraction-limit imaging at multiple wavelengths. However, conventional SOL devices suffer from a numerical-aperture-related intrinsic tradeoff among the depth of focus (DoF), chromatic dispersion and focusing spot size. Here, we apply a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization approach to design an apochromatic binary-phase SOL having a prolonged DoF, customized working distance (WD), minimized main-lobe size, and suppressed side-lobe intensity. Experimental implementation demonstrates simultaneous focusing of blue, green and red light beams into an optical needle of ~0.5λ in diameter and DOF > 10λ at WD = 428 μm. By integrating this SOL device with a commercial fluorescence microscope, we perform, for the first time, three-dimensional super-resolution multicolor fluorescence imaging of the "unseen" fine structures of neurons. The present study provides not only a practical route to far-field multicolor super-resolution imaging but also a viable approach for constructing imaging systems avoiding complex sample positioning and unfavorable photobleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Pei He
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Yulong Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yangtao Du
- The Institute of AI and Robotics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Longqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Kaipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Chengxu An
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yiting Yu
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, College of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Electro-Mechanical Systems, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yi D, Zhou F, Hua J, Chen L, Qiao W. Diffractive Achromat with Freeform Slope for Broadband Imaging over a Long Focal Depth. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1401. [PMID: 37512712 PMCID: PMC10383085 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for designing a long-focal-depth diffractive achromat (LFDA). By applying rotational symmetric parameterization, an LFDA with a diameter of 10.89 mm is designed over three wavelengths at six focal planes. The smoothly changed slope designed by the binary variable slope search (BVSS) algorithm greatly reduces the discontinuity in depth, thus it is a fabrication-friendly process for grayscale laser direct writing lithography, involving less fabrication error and cost. The deviation between the designed and fabricated profiles amounts to 9.68%. The LFDA operates at multiple wavelengths (654 nm, 545 nm, and 467 nm) with a DOF of 500 mm~7.65λ × 105 (λ = 654 nm). The simulated and measured full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the focused beam is close to the diffraction limit. Experimental studies suggest that the LFDA possesses a superior capability to form high-quality chromatic images in a wide range of depths of field. The LFDA opens a new avenue to achieve compact achromatic systems for imaging, sensing, and 3D display.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yi
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fengbin Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jianyu Hua
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Linsen Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- SVG Optronics, Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215026, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Seong J, Choi M, Park J, Kim G, Kim H, Jeong J, Jung C, Kim J, Jeon G, Lee KI, Yoon DH, Rho J. Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:152. [PMID: 37339970 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoseon Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee Y, Low MJ, Yang D, Nam HK, Le TSD, Lee SE, Han H, Kim S, Vu QH, Yoo H, Yoon H, Lee J, Sandeep S, Lee K, Kim SW, Kim YJ. Ultra-thin light-weight laser-induced-graphene (LIG) diffractive optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:146. [PMID: 37322023 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The realization of hybrid optics could be one of the best ways to fulfill the technological requirements of compact, light-weight, and multi-functional optical systems for modern industries. Planar diffractive lens (PDL) such as diffractive lenses, photonsieves, and metasurfaces can be patterned on ultra-thin flexible and stretchable substrates and be conformally attached on top of arbitrarily shaped surfaces. In this review, we introduce recent research works addressed to the design and manufacturing of ultra-thin graphene optics, which will open new markets in compact and light-weight optics for next-generation endoscopic brain imaging, space internet, real-time surface profilometry, and multi-functional mobile phones. To provide higher design flexibility, lower process complexity, and chemical-free process with reasonable investment cost, direct laser writing (DLW) of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) is actively being applied to the patterning of PDL. For realizing the best optical performances in DLW, photon-material interactions have been studied in detail with respect to different laser parameters; the resulting optical characteristics have been evaluated in terms of amplitude and phase. A series of exemplary laser-written 1D and 2D PDL structures have been actively demonstrated with different base materials, and then, the cases are being expanded to plasmonic and holographic structures. The combination of these ultra-thin and light-weight PDL with conventional bulk refractive or reflective optical elements could bring together the advantages of each optical element. By integrating these suggestions, we suggest a way to realize the hybrid PDL to be used in the future micro-electronics surface inspection, biomedical, outer space, and extended reality (XR) industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younggeun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ji Low
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Panasonic Factory Solutions Asia Pacific (PFSAP), 285 Jalan Ahmad Ibrahim, 639931, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongwook Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Ku Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong-Son Dinh Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Han
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang Huy Vu
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seuoltech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Yoon
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seuoltech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchand Sandeep
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keunwoo Lee
- LASER N GRAPN INC., 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Caldwell J, Loussert-Fonta C, Toullec G, Heidelberg Lyndby N, Haenni B, Taladriz-Blanco P, Espiña B, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A. Correlative Light, Electron Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy Workflow To Detect and Observe Microplastic Interactions with Whole Jellyfish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6664-6672. [PMID: 37058431 PMCID: PMC10134485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers have turned their attention to understanding microplastic interaction with marine fauna. Efforts are being made to monitor exposure pathways and concentrations and to assess the impact such interactions may have. To answer these questions, it is important to select appropriate experimental parameters and analytical protocols. This study focuses on medusae of Cassiopea andromeda jellyfish: a unique benthic jellyfish known to favor (sub-)tropical coastal regions which are potentially exposed to plastic waste from land-based sources. Juvenile medusae were exposed to fluorescent poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polypropylene microplastics (<300 μm), resin embedded, and sectioned before analysis with confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the fluorescent microplastics were stable enough to be detected with the optimized analytical protocol presented and that their observed interaction with medusae occurs in a manner which is likely driven by the microplastic properties (e.g., density and hydrophobicity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Caldwell
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Céline Loussert-Fonta
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gaëlle Toullec
- Laboratory
for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Rte Cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niclas Heidelberg Lyndby
- Laboratory
for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), Rte Cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beat Haenni
- Institute
of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Taladriz-Blanco
- Water
Quality Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology
Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Begoña Espiña
- Water
Quality Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology
Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre Jose Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He J, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wen F, Da H, Zhou G, Yuan D, Ye H. Physics-model-based neural networks for inverse design of binary phase planar diffractive lenses. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1474-1477. [PMID: 36946956 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The inverse design approach has enabled the customized design of photonic devices with engineered functionalities through adopting various optimization algorithms. However, conventional optimization algorithms for inverse design encounter difficulties in multi-constrained problems due to the substantial time consumed in the random searching process. Here, we report an efficient inverse design method, based on physics-model-based neural networks (PMNNs) and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory, for engineering the focusing behavior of binary phase planar diffractive lenses (BPPDLs). We adopt the proposed PMNN to design BPPDLs with designable functionalities, including realizing a single focal spot, multiple foci, and an optical needle with size approaching the diffraction limit. We show that the time for designing single device is dramatically reduced to several minutes. This study provides an efficient inverse method for designing photonic devices with customized functionalities, overcoming the challenges based on traditional data-driven deep learning.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang JC, Wu GB, Chen MK, Liu X, Chan KF, Tsai DP, Chan CH. A 6G meta-device for 3D varifocal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8478. [PMID: 36706183 PMCID: PMC9883050 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The sixth-generation (6G) communication technology is being developed in full swing and is expected to be faster and better than the fifth generation. The precise information transfer directivity and the concentration of signal strength are the key topics of 6G technology. We report the synthetic phase design of rotary doublet Airy beam and triplet Gaussian beam varifocal meta-devices to fully control the terahertz beam's propagation direction and coverage area. The focusing spot can be delivered to arbitrary positions in a two-dimensional plane or a three-dimensional space. The highly concentrated signal can be delivered to a specific position, and the transmission direction can be adjusted freely to enable secure, flexible, and high-directivity 6G communication systems. This technology avoids the high costs associated with extensive use of active components. 6G communication systems, wireless power transfer, zoom imaging, and remote sensing will benefit from large-scale adoption of such a technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geng-Bo Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Fai Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Corresponding author. (D.P.T.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Chi Hou Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Corresponding author. (D.P.T.); (C.H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei J, Wang M, Wu J, Duan H, Zhang K, Wang S, Cao Y, Li X, Qin F. Elliptical Supercritical Lens for Shaping Sub-Diffractive Transverse Optical Needle. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:242. [PMID: 36677995 PMCID: PMC9860760 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical lens can create a sub-diffraction-limited focal spot in the far field, providing a promising route for the realization of label-free super-resolution imaging through the point scanning mechanism. However, all of the reported supercritical lenses have circular shape configurations, and produce isotropic sub-diffraction-limited focal spots in the focal plane. Here, we propose and experientially demonstrate a sub-diffraction transverse optical needle by using an elliptical supercritical lens. Through breaking the circular symmetry and introducing ellipticity to the lens, a uniform sub-diffractive transverse optical needle with lateral length and width of 6λ/NA and 0.45λ/NA, respectively, was successfully created in the focal plane. Further, elliptical sector-shape cutting with an optimized apex angle of 60 degrees can lead to suppressed subsidiary focusing for improved uniformity and condensed field intensity of the transverse optical needle. The demonstration of sub-diffractive transverse optical needle with a high aspect ratio (length to width ratio) of 13:1 may find potential applications in line-scanning microscopy for video-rate label-free super-resolution imaging, and also enable advances in the fields from laser manufacturing to optical manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Qin
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (F.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou Y, Yan C, Tian P, Li Z, He Y, Fan B, Wang Z, Deng Y, Tang D. A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1220-1227. [PMID: 36348937 PMCID: PMC9623129 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the super-oscillation method based on the fine interference of optical fields has been successfully applied to sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging. However, most previously reported works only describe static super-oscillatory lenses. Super-oscillatory lenses using phase-change materials still have issues regarding dynamic tunability and inflexibility. Therefore, it is vital to develop a flexible and tunable modulation approach for super-oscillatory lenses. In this paper, we propose a super-oscillatory step-zoom lens based on the geometric phase principle, which can switch between two focal lengths within a certain field of view. The designed device consists of nanopillars with high efficiency of up to 80%, and the super-resolution focusing with 0.84 times of diffraction limit is verified by the full-wave simulation. The proposed method bears the potential to become a useful tool for label-free super-resolution microscopic imaging and optical precision machining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Peng Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies for Micro-fabrication, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
| | - Bin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies for Micro-fabrication, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Yao Deng
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co., Ltd, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Dongliang Tang
- The Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang L, Xu K, Yuan D, Hu J, Wang X, Xu S. Sub-wavelength patterned pulse laser lithography for efficient fabrication of large-area metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5823. [PMID: 36192549 PMCID: PMC9530239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rigorously designed sub-micrometer structure arrays are widely used in metasurfaces for light modulation. One of the glaring restrictions is the unavailability of easily accessible fabrication methods to efficiently produce large-area and freely designed structure arrays with nanoscale resolution. We develop a patterned pulse laser lithography (PPLL) approach to create structure arrays with sub-wavelength feature resolution and periods from less than 1 μm to over 15 μm on large-area thin films with substrates under ambient conditions. Separated ultrafast laser pulses with patterned wavefront by quasi-binary phase masks rapidly create periodic ablated/modified structures by high-speed scanning. The gradient intensity boundary and circular polarization of the wavefront weaken diffraction and polarization-dependent asymmetricity effects during light propagation for high uniformity. Structural units of metasurfaces are obtained on metal and inorganic photoresist films, such as antennas, catenaries, and nanogratings. We demonstrate a large-area metasurface (10 × 10 mm2) revealing excellent infrared absorption (3–7 μm), which comprises 250,000 concentric rings and takes only 5 minutes to produce. Fabrication of metasurfaces with nanoscale structures is inefficient for large areas. Here, the authors introduce patterned pulse laser lithography for creating structured arrays with sub-wavelength feature on large-area thin films under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Z, Zou Y, Deng H, Xiong L, Liu Q, Shang L. Broadband devices for a polarization converter based on optical metasurfaces. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:7119-7124. [PMID: 36256329 DOI: 10.1364/ao.464801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Devices employed for optical polarization conversion are widely used in the areas of optical focusing, optical imaging, and microscopy. To circumvent the problems of traditional optical polarization conversion devices, such as a narrow bandwidth, bulky size, and integration difficulties, a linear-radial polarization converter (LRPC) method based on optical metasurfaces is proposed. For a visible wavelength, i.e., λ=632.8nm, an all-dielectric half-wave plate and a LRPC with a size of 40λ (25.312 µm) are designed. The simulated results demonstrate that the LRPC creates a radially polarized wave from a linearly polarized wave in the wavelength range of 620-680 nm. In addition, a cylindrical vectorial wave with different polarizations can be generated via an adjustment of the polarization direction of the incident wave. These types of polarization converters have the important advantage of high transmittance, while also being ultra-thin and easy to integrate. They are expected to be suitable for miniaturized and integrated optical devices.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu T, Feng X, Yang Z, Zhao M. Design of scalable metalens array for optical addressing. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:32. [PMID: 36637552 PMCID: PMC9756259 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale trapped-ion quantum computers hold great promise to outperform classical computers and are crucially desirable for finance, pharmaceutical industry, fundamental chemistry and other fields. Currently, a big challenge for trapped-ion quantum computers is the poor scalability mainly brought by the optical elements that are used for optical addressing. Metasurfaces provide a promising solution due to their excellent flexibility and integration ability. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a scalable off-axis metalens array for optical addressing working at the wavelength of 350 nm. Metalens arrays designed for x linearly polarized and left circularly polarized light respectively can focus the collimated addressing beam array into a compact focused spot array with spot spacing of 5 μm, featuring crosstalk below 0.82%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tie Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Feng
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao XZ, Zhao PC, Zhao JH, Sun XF, Liu JJ, Yang F, Pan Y. Sinusoidal-amplitude binary phase mask and its application in achieving an ultra-long optical needle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26275-26285. [PMID: 36236822 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical needle has become a hot research topic in recent years, due to the excellent properties and potential applications. To achieve a sub-diffraction optical needle, there are three common methods including planar diffractive lenses, reflective mirrors or axicons, and high-NA objective lenses with the designed phase or amplitude elements. Here, we propose a new kind of designed phase and amplitude element called the sinusoidal-amplitude binary phase mask (SA-BPM), which modulates the amplitude and phase distributions of the incident vector optical fields (VOFs) simultaneously. Based on Richards-Wolf vector diffraction integral, the corresponding parameters of SA-BPM and the optimal optical needle length are calculated by exhaustive method and genetic algorithm. We further upgrade the SA-BPM by adding a Gaussian function in the amplitude modulation, and design the Gaussian SA-BPM (GSA-BPM). We find that the ultra-long optical needles are achieved with the SA-BPM and GSA-BPM, and the depth of focus of the optical needles are improved by 30%-70% compared with the case of binary phase mask. Such SA-BPM and GSA-BPM we proposed have great potential for manipulation and utilization of the ultra-long optical needles.
Collapse
|
20
|
Pan M, Fu Y, Zheng M, Chen H, Zang Y, Duan H, Li Q, Qiu M, Hu Y. Dielectric metalens for miniaturized imaging systems: progress and challenges. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:195. [PMID: 35764608 PMCID: PMC9240015 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight, miniaturized optical imaging systems are vastly anticipated in these fields of aerospace exploration, industrial vision, consumer electronics, and medical imaging. However, conventional optical techniques are intricate to downscale as refractive lenses mostly rely on phase accumulation. Metalens, composed of subwavelength nanostructures that locally control light waves, offers a disruptive path for small-scale imaging systems. Recent advances in the design and nanofabrication of dielectric metalenses have led to some high-performance practical optical systems. This review outlines the exciting developments in the aforementioned area whilst highlighting the challenges of using dielectric metalenses to replace conventional optics in miniature optical systems. After a brief introduction to the fundamental physics of dielectric metalenses, the progress and challenges in terms of the typical performances are introduced. The supplementary discussion on the common challenges hindering further development is also presented, including the limitations of the conventional design methods, difficulties in scaling up, and device integration. Furthermore, the potential approaches to address the existing challenges are also deliberated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Pan
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Yifei Fu
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
| | | | - Hao Chen
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
| | | | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou, 511300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suo Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wen Q. Ultra-Thin Terahertz Deflection Device Based on Laser Direct Writing Graphene Oxide Paper. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050686. [PMID: 35630153 PMCID: PMC9147944 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the world of terahertz bands, terahertz beam deflection has gradually attracted substantial attention, due to its great significance in wireless communications, high-resolution imaging and radar applications. In this paper, a low-reflection and fast-fabricated terahertz beam deflection device has been realized by utilizing graphene oxide paper. Using laser direct writing technology, graphene oxide has been patterned as a specific sample. The thickness of the graphene oxide-based terahertz devices is around 15–20 μm, and the processing takes only a few seconds. The experimental results show that the beam from this device can achieve 5.7° and 10.2° deflection at 340 GHz, while the reflection is 10%, which is only 1/5 of that of existing conventional devices. The proposed device with excellent performance can be quickly manufactured and applied in the fields of terahertz imaging, communication, and perception, enabling the application of terahertz technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Suo
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Luming Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
- Institute of Advanced Millimeter-Wave Technology, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
- Institute of Advanced Millimeter-Wave Technology, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qiye Wen
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (Y.S.); (L.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.)
- Institute of Advanced Millimeter-Wave Technology, University Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tseng ML, Semmlinger M, Zhang M, Arndt C, Huang TT, Yang J, Kuo HY, Su VC, Chen MK, Chu CH, Cerjan B, Tsai DP, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. Vacuum ultraviolet nonlinear metalens. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5644. [PMID: 35442736 PMCID: PMC9020660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light plays an essential role across science and technology, from molecular spectroscopy to nanolithography and biomedical procedures. Realizing nanoscale devices for VUV light generation and control is critical for next-generation VUV sources and systems, but the scarcity of low-loss VUV materials creates a substantial challenge. We demonstrate a metalens that both generates-by second-harmonic generation-and simultaneously focuses the generated VUV light. The metalens consists of 150-nm-thick zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoresonators that convert 394 nm (~3.15 eV) light into focused 197-nm (~6.29 eV) radiation, producing a spot 1.7 μm in diameter with a 21-fold power density enhancement as compared to the wavefront at the metalens surface. The reported metalens is ultracompact and phase-matching free, allowing substantial streamlining of VUV system design and facilitating more advanced applications. This work provides a useful platform for developing low-loss VUV components and increasing the accessibility of the VUV regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lun Tseng
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Michael Semmlinger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Catherine Arndt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jian Yang
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hsin Yu Kuo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Hung Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Benjamin Cerjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kong W, Liu L, Wang C, Pu M, Gao P, Liu K, Luo Y, Jin Q, Zhao C, Luo X. A planar ultraviolet objective lens for optical axis free imaging nanolithography by employing optical negative refraction. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2011-2017. [PMID: 36133413 PMCID: PMC9417967 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00883h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithography is one of the most key technologies for integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing and micro/nano-functional device fabrication, while the imaging objective lens plays one important role. Due to the curved surface of the conventional objective lens, the imaging field of view is limited and the objective lens system is complex. In this paper, a planar objective lens based on the optical negative refraction principle is demonstrated for achieving optical axis free and long depth of focus imaging nanolithography. Through employing a hyperbolic metamaterial composed of silver/titanium dioxide multilayers, plasmonic waveguide modes could be generated in multilayers, which results in optical negative refraction and then flat imaging at ultraviolet wavelength. The corresponding imaging characteristics are investigated in simulation and experiment. At the I-line wavelength of 365 nm, the highest imaging resolution of 165 nm could be realized in the 100 nm photoresist layer under the working gap of 100 nm between the objective lens and substrate. Moreover, this planar objective lens has good ability for cross-scale and two-dimensional imaging lithography, and is similar to a conventional projection objective lens. It is believed that this kind of planar objective lens will provide a promising avenue for low-cost nanofabrication scenarios in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Changtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
| | - Kaipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yunfei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qijian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
| | - Chengwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610209 China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reda F, Salvatore M, Borbone F, Maddalena P, Ambrosio A, Oscurato SL. Varifocal diffractive lenses for multi-depth microscope imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12695-12711. [PMID: 35472901 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flat optical elements enable the realization of ultra-thin devices able to either reproduce or overcome the functionalities of standard bulky components. The fabrication of these elements involves the structuration of material surfaces on the light wavelength scale, whose geometry has to be carefully designed to achieve the desired optical functionality. In addition to the limits imposed by lithographic design-performance compromises, their optical behavior cannot be accurately tuned afterward, making them difficult to integrate in dynamic optical systems. Here we show the realization of fully reconfigurable flat varifocal diffractive lens, which can be in-place realized, erased and reshaped directly on the surface of an azopolymer film by an all-optical holographic process. Integrating the lens in the same optical system used as standard refractive microscope, results in a hybrid microscope capable of multi-depth object imaging. Our approach demonstrates that reshapable flat optics can be a valid choice to integrate, or even substitute, modern optical systems for advanced functionalities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hua J, Qiao W, Chen L. Recent Advances in Planar Optics-Based Glasses-Free 3D Displays. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.829011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) displays are one of the technologies that will redefine human-computer interfaces. However, many geometric optics-based 3D displays suffer from a limited field of view (FOV), severe resolution degradation, and visual fatigue. Recently, planar optical elements (e.g., diffraction gratings, diffractive lenses and metasurfaces) have shown superior light manipulating capability in terms of light intensity, phase, and polarization. As a result, planar optics hold great promise to tackle the critical challenges for glasses-free 3D displays, especially for portable electronics and transparent display applications. In this review, the limitations of geometric optics-based glasses-free 3D displays are analyzed. The promising solutions offered by planar optics for glasses-free 3D displays are introduced in detail. As a specific application and an appealing feature, augmented reality (AR) 3D displays enabled by planar optics are comprehensively discussed. Fabrication technologies are important challenges that hinder the development of 3D displays. Therefore, multiple micro/nanofabrication methods used in 3D displays are highlighted. Finally, the current status, future direction and potential applications for glasses-free 3D displays and glasses-free AR 3D displays are summarized.
Collapse
|
26
|
Fu W, Zhao D, Li Z, Liu S, Tian C, Huang K. Ultracompact meta-imagers for arbitrary all-optical convolution. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:62. [PMID: 35304870 PMCID: PMC8933501 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Electronic digital convolutions could extract key features of objects for data processing and information identification in artificial intelligence, but they are time-cost and energy consumption due to the low response of electrons. Although massless photons enable high-speed and low-loss analog convolutions, two existing all-optical approaches including Fourier filtering and Green's function have either limited functionality or bulky volume, thus restricting their applications in smart systems. Here, we report all-optical convolutional computing with a metasurface-singlet or -doublet imager, considered as the third approach, where its point spread function is modified arbitrarily via a complex-amplitude meta-modulator that enables functionality-unlimited kernels. Beyond one- and two-dimensional spatial differentiation, we demonstrate real-time, parallel, and analog convolutional processing of optical and biological specimens with challenging pepper-salt denoising and edge enhancement, which significantly enrich the toolkit of all-optical computing. Such meta-imager approach bridges multi-functionality and high-integration in all-optical convolutions, meanwhile possessing good architecture compatibility with digital convolutional neural networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Fu
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ziqin Li
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Songde Liu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China.
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aguiam DE, Santos JD, Silva C, Gentile F, Ferreira C, Garcia IS, Cunha J, Gaspar J. Fabrication and optical characterization of large aperture diffractive lenses using greyscale lithography. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Hua J, Hua E, Zhou F, Shi J, Wang C, Duan H, Hu Y, Qiao W, Chen L. Foveated glasses-free 3D display with ultrawide field of view via a large-scale 2D-metagrating complex. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:213. [PMID: 34642293 PMCID: PMC8511001 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) displays are one of the game-changing technologies that will redefine the display industry in portable electronic devices. However, because of the limited resolution in state-of-the-art display panels, current 3D displays suffer from a critical trade-off among the spatial resolution, angular resolution, and viewing angle. Inspired by the so-called spatially variant resolution imaging found in vertebrate eyes, we propose 3D display with spatially variant information density. Stereoscopic experiences with smooth motion parallax are maintained at the central view, while the viewing angle is enlarged at the periphery view. It is enabled by a large-scale 2D-metagrating complex to manipulate dot/linear/rectangular hybrid shaped views. Furthermore, a video rate full-color 3D display with an unprecedented 160° horizontal viewing angle is demonstrated. With thin and light form factors, the proposed 3D system can be integrated with off-the-shelf purchased flat panels, making it promising for applications in portable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Hua
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Erkai Hua
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Zhou
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Chinhua Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Qiao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Linsen Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- SVG Optronics, Co., Ltd, 215026, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen P, Fang B, Li J, Jing X, Kong M, Hong Z. Enhancement of efficiency on the Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase metalens in the terahertz region. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7849-7857. [PMID: 34613043 DOI: 10.1364/ao.433115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional terahertz lenses face high thickness, low transmittance, difficult processing, and other problems that are not conducive to mass production and integration. Here, we propose a wideband all-dielectric Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase cell structure to construct a metasurface flat lens. However, when the geometrical phase element structure rotates, the transmission efficiency of the periodic element structure obviously decreases, which will lead to the decrease of the efficiency of the designed flat lens. In order to improve the efficiency, we propose to add a layer of tapered microstructure on the flat substrate to greatly improve the transmission efficiency of the element structure, thus leading to the improvement of the efficiency of the metasurface lens. By comparing the metasurface lens with conical and planar substrates, the metasurfaces with conical structure can greatly improve the transmission efficiency at broadband and wide angle ranges.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Z, Li Z, Lei J, Wu J, Zhang K, Wang S, Cao Y, Qin F, Li X. Environmentally robust immersion supercritical lens with an invariable sub-diffraction-limited focal spot. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2296-2299. [PMID: 33988568 DOI: 10.1364/ol.425361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Planar metalenses provide an effective way to break the diffraction barrier in the far field. Their physical mechanism and applications have been intensively studied in the past decade. These investigations on sub-diffraction-limited light modulations have only been applied to specified single immersion environments; however, changing immersion environments can severely degrade their focusing performance, limiting their application potential. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an environmentally robust immersion supercritical lens (SCL) that can work in various immersion environments. The design of such a lens is based on the vectorial Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm. The sub-diffraction-limited focusing effect has been experimentally demonstrated in commonly used media, including air, water, and oil, with refractive indices of 1.0, 1.33, and 1.51, respectively. Moreover, such a lens can maintain its effective numerical aperture at a fixed value, bringing a unique advantage in that the lateral size of the focal spots exhibits a similar value of ${{317}}\;{{\pm}}\;{{7}}\;{\rm{nm}}$ in all three media. Our demonstration provides the feasibility of SCLs in various application scenarios with multi-immersion environments, such as bioimaging, light trapping, and optical storage.
Collapse
|
31
|
He J, Zhuang J, Ding L, Huang K. Optimization-free customization of optical tightly focused fields: uniform needles and hotspot chains. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:3081-3087. [PMID: 33983203 DOI: 10.1364/ao.418415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An optimization-free method based on an inverse problem of nonlinear equations is employed to design the binary phase diffraction optical element (BPDOE) that could modulate the incident light of a high-numerical-aperture (NA) objective lens so that the axisymmetric focal fields can be customized on demand. For example, a 43λ-long optical longitudinally polarized needle with its lateral size beyond diffraction limit is reported by using a 27-belt BPDOE, where the cost evaluated by the ratio of the belt number of BPDOE to the length of needle is record small compared with other optimization algorithms. Moreover, another longitudinal field with multiple hotspots along the propagation direction of light is also achieved with a 10-belt BPDOE. These achieved focal fields are verified doubly by using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, indicating the validity of Richards-Wolf vector diffraction theory. This optimization-free approach makes the design of BPDOEs with numerous belts viable to generate the expected focal fields, which might benefit various applications such as optical trapping, super-resolution imaging, and lithography.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Lu X, Guo Y, Li X, Ma X, Pu M, Luo X. Super-oscillatory metasurface doublet for sub-diffraction focusing with a large incident angle. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:9991-9999. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on the delicate interference behavior of light in the far field, the optical super-oscillatory phenomenon has been successfully applied in non-invasive sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging in recent years. However, the optical super-oscillatory field is particularly sensitive to the change of incident angle, leading to a limited field of view for super-resolution imaging. In this paper, a super-oscillatory metasurface doublet is proposed to achieve far-field sub-diffraction focusing with an incident angle of up to 25°. The constructed doublet, consisting of high-aspect-ratio rectangular nanopillars with high efficiency, is further demonstrated through a full-wave simulation, and the numerical results indicate that the sub-diffraction foci with about 0.75 times of the diffraction limit is achieved for different incident angles. The proposed super-oscillatory metasurface doublet may find intriguing applications in label-free super-resolution microscopy and optical precise fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Changtao Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinjian Lu
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yinghui Guo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiong Li
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mingbo Pu
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiangang Luo
- Institute of Optics and Electronics
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao D, Dong Z, Huang K. High-efficiency holographic metacoder for optical masquerade. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1462-1465. [PMID: 33720212 DOI: 10.1364/ol.419542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical masquerades are a low-cost camouflage strategy that avoids the hidden objects to be recognized despite being detected. Here, we demonstrate an optical holography-based masquerade that could encode the camouflaged object ("bomb") into another uncorrelated phase object ("dog") by using transmissive dielectric metasurfaces with the total efficiency as high as 78% at visible wavelengths. The phase modulation in the encoded "dog" is realized by changing the inplane orientation of nanostructures. Illuminated by the circularly polarized light, the experimental hologram fabricated by using electron-beam lithography exhibits only the "dog" pattern when observing the surface of sample. To recover the hidden "bomb," one can observe the holographic image reconstructed at the Fresnel region, which works at the broadband spectrum from 540 nm to 680 nm. Such a technique might find potential applications in information security and military affairs.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mao Y, Zhao D, Yan S, Zhang H, Li J, Han K, Xu X, Guo C, Yang L, Zhang C, Huang K, Chen Y. A vacuum ultraviolet laser with a submicrometer spot for spatially resolved photoemission spectroscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:22. [PMID: 33479192 PMCID: PMC7820001 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers have demonstrated great potential as the light source for various spectroscopies, which, if they can be focused into a small beam spot, will not only allow investigation of mesoscopic materials and structures but also find application in the manufacture of nano-objects with excellent precision. In this work, we report the construction of a 177 nm VUV laser that can achieve a record-small (~0.76 μm) focal spot at a long focal length (~45 mm) by using a flat lens without spherical aberration. The size of the beam spot of this VUV laser was tested using a metal grating and exfoliated graphene flakes, and we demonstrated its application in a fluorescence spectroscopy study on pure and Tm3+-doped NaYF4 microcrystals, revealing a new emission band that cannot be observed in the traditional up-conversion process. In addition, this laser system would be an ideal light source for spatially and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Mao
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shen Yan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Hongjia Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Kai Han
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Lexian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China.
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Yulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liu W, Li Z, Cheng H, Chen S. Dielectric Resonance-Based Optical Metasurfaces: From Fundamentals to Applications. iScience 2020; 23:101868. [PMID: 33319185 PMCID: PMC7726341 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical metasurface as a booming research field has put forward profound progress in optics and photonics. Compared with metallic-based components, which suffer from significant thermal loss and low efficiency, high-index all-dielectric nanostructures can readily combine electric and magnetic Mie resonances together, leading to efficient manipulation of optical properties such as amplitude, phase, polarization, chirality, and anisotropy. These advances have enabled tremendous developments in practical photonic devices that can confine and guide light at the nanoscale. Here we review the recent development of local electromagnetic resonances such as Mie-type scattering, bound states in the continuum, Fano resonances, and anapole resonances in dielectric metasurfaces and summarize the fundamental principles of dielectric resonances. We discuss the recent research frontiers in dielectric metasurfaces including wavefront-shaping, metalenses, multifunctional and computational approaches. We review the strategies and methods to realize the dynamic tuning of dielectric metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the challenges and prospects of dielectric metasurfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Z, Yuan G, Yang M, Chai J, Steve Wu QY, Wang T, Sebek M, Wang D, Wang L, Wang S, Chi D, Adamo G, Soci C, Sun H, Huang K, Teng J. Exciton-Enabled Meta-Optics in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7964-7972. [PMID: 33054225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical wavefront engineering has been rapidly developing in fundamentals from phase accumulation in the optical path to the electromagnetic resonances of confined nanomodes in optical metasurfaces. However, the amplitude modulation of light has limited approaches that usually originate from the ohmic loss and absorptive dissipation of materials. Here, an atomically thin photon-sieve platform made of MoS2 multilayers is demonstrated for high-quality optical nanodevices, assisted fundamentally by strong excitonic resonances at the band-nesting region of MoS2. The atomic thin MoS2 significantly facilitates high transmission of the sieved photons and high-fidelity nanofabrication. A proof-of-concept two-dimensional (2D) nanosieve hologram exhibits 10-fold enhanced efficiency compared with its non-2D counterparts. Furthermore, a supercritical 2D lens with its focal spot breaking diffraction limit is developed to exhibit experimentally far-field label-free aberrationless imaging with a resolution of ∼0.44λ at λ = 450 nm in air. This transition-metal-dichalcogenide (TMDC) photonic platform opens new opportunities toward future 2D meta-optics and nanophotonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Guanghui Yuan
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ming Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Chai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Qing Yang Steve Wu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Matej Sebek
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of integrated optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of integrated optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Adamo
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cesare Soci
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu YC, Huang K, Xiao YF, Yang L, Qiu CW. What limits limits? Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa210. [PMID: 34691559 PMCID: PMC8288363 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao W, Wang K, Hong X, Wang B, Han X, Long H, Wang B, Lu P. Chirality-selected second-harmonic holography with phase and binary amplitude manipulation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13330-13337. [PMID: 32573591 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03431b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multi-functional nonlinear wavefront control has attracted extensive attention. In particular, nonlinear holography can carry information and has potential for application in information encoding and computing. However, it is quite challenging because it puts forward higher requirements with nonlinear conversion efficiency and wavefront control performance. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate chirality-selected second-harmonic (SH) holography based on a Au-WS2 nonlinear optical interface. It is realized using nonlinear geometry phase control with a sub-wavelength resolution. Furthermore, binary amplitude manipulation is introduced by replacing specific rectangular nanoholes with square nanoholes. This indicates that the average intensity of holograms is increased by 39% and the hologram variation coefficient is decreased by 44% in comparison with that in pure geometry phase control. In addition, the SH signal from the monolayer WS2 with a large second-order susceptibility is further enhanced by the strong local-field in Au nanoholes, leading to a high SH conversion efficiency of 10-6. Therefore, it offers an important stepping stone towards multi-functional SH holography, which may have potential for application in nonlinear information encoding and processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen P, Wei BY, Hu W, Lu YQ. Liquid-Crystal-Mediated Geometric Phase: From Transmissive to Broadband Reflective Planar Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903665. [PMID: 31566267 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Planar optical elements that can manipulate the multidimensional physical parameters of light efficiently and compactly are highly sought after in modern optics and nanophotonics. In recent years, the geometric phase, induced by the photonic spin-orbit interaction, has attracted extensive attention for planar optics due to its powerful beam shaping capability. The geometric phase can usually be generated via inhomogeneous anisotropic materials, among which liquid crystals (LCs) have been a focus. Their pronounced optical properties and controllable and stimuli-responsive self-assembly behavior introduce new possibilities for LCs beyond traditional panel displays. Recent advances in LC-mediated geometric phase planar optics are briefly reviewed. First, several recently developed photopatterning techniques are presented, enabling the accurate fabrication of complicated LC microstructures. Subsequently, nematic LC-based transmissive planar optical elements and chiral LC-based broadband reflective elements are reviewed systematically. Versatile functionalities are revealed, from conventional beam steering and focusing, to advanced structuring. Combining the geometric phase with structured LC materials offers a satisfactory platform for planar optics with desired functionalities and drastically extends exceptional applications of ordered soft matter. Some prospects on this rapidly advancing field are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bing-Yan Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Institute for Smart Liquid Crystals, JITRI, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li W, He P, Yuan W, Yu Y. Efficiency-enhanced and sidelobe-suppressed super-oscillatory lenses for sub-diffraction-limit fluorescence imaging with ultralong working distance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7063-7071. [PMID: 32187246 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Super-oscillatory lens (SOL) optical microscopy, behaving as a non-invasive and universal imaging technique, as well as being a simple post-processing procedure, may provide a potential application for sub-diffraction-limit fluorescence imaging. However, the low energy concentration, high-intensity sidelobes and micrometer-scale working distance of the reported planar SOLs impose unavoidable restrictions on the ground-state applications. Here, we demonstrate step-shaped SOLs based on the multiple-phase-modulated (MPM) method to improve the focusing efficiency. Two pivotal advantages are thus generated: (i) the fabrication complexity can be effectively reduced based on several conventional optical lithography steps; (ii) the focusing efficiency is much higher than that of the random MPM ones due to the efficient manipulation of the wavefronts, bringing about a stronger light concentration to the focal spot. Additionally, the ratio of the sidelobe intensity is flexibly tuned to meet the customized requirements, and a 2 mm-working-distance MPM SOL with the sidelobe intensity highly suppressed is finally exploited. For the first time, as far as we know, a SOL-based fluorescence microscopy without the pinhole filter to map the horizontal morphology of the dispersive fluorescent particles is established. Compared with the results achieved by the conventional wide-field microscopy, the sample details beating the diffraction limit can be reconstructed by simple imaging fusion. This research demonstrates the promising applications of SOLs for low-cost, simplified and highly customized sub-diffraction-limit fluorescence imaging systems free from photobleaching and an extremely short working distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Room 2501, No.45, Gaoxin South 9th Road, Nanshan District, Guangdong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen C, Song W, Chen JW, Wang JH, Chen YH, Xu B, Chen MK, Li H, Fang B, Chen J, Kuo HY, Wang S, Tsai DP, Zhu S, Li T. Spectral tomographic imaging with aplanatic metalens. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:99. [PMID: 31728191 PMCID: PMC6834576 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tomography is an informative imaging modality that is usually implemented by mechanical scanning, owing to the limited depth-of-field (DOF) in conventional systems. However, recent imaging systems are working towards more compact and stable architectures; therefore, developing nonmotion tomography is highly desirable. Here, we propose a metalens-based spectral imaging system with an aplanatic GaN metalens (NA = 0.78), in which large chromatic dispersion is used to access spectral focus tuning and optical zooming in the visible spectrum. After the function of wavelength-switched tomography was confirmed on cascaded samples, this aplanatic metalens is utilized to image microscopic frog egg cells and shows excellent tomographic images with distinct DOF features of the cell membrane and nucleus. Our approach makes good use of the large diffractive dispersion of the metalens and develops a new imaging technique that advances recent informative optical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Wange Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wern Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Jung-Hsi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Yu Han Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Ku Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Hanmeng Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Fang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Hsin Yu Kuo
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Shuming Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, China
- Department of Physics, Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan, China
| | - Shining Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Integration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dong F, Chu W. Multichannel-Independent Information Encoding with Optical Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804921. [PMID: 30556627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces, as an emerging platform, have been shown to be capable of effectively manipulating the local properties (amplitude, phase, and polarization) of the reflected or transmitted light and have unique strengths in high-density optical storage, holography, display, etc. The reliability and flexibility of wavefront manipulation makes optical metasurfaces suitable for information encryption by increasing the possibility of encoding combinations of independent channels and the capacity of encryption, and thus the security level. Here, recent progress in metasurface-based information encoding is reviewed, in which the independent channels for information encoding are built with wavelength and/or polarization in one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) modes. The way to increase information encoding capacity and security level is proposed, and the opportunities and challenges of information encoding with independent channels based on metasurfaces are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengliang Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weiguo Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xiong B, Deng L, Peng R, Liu Y. Controlling the degrees of freedom in metasurface designs for multi-functional optical devices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3786-3806. [PMID: 36132119 PMCID: PMC9418445 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00343f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the control over the degrees of freedom (DOF) in metasurfaces, which include the input DOF (the polarization, wavelength and incident angle of the input light and some dynamic controls), parameter DOF (the complex geometric design of metasurfaces) and output DOF (the phase, polarization and amplitude of the output light). This framework could clearly show us the development process of metasurfaces, from single-functional to multi-functional ones. Advantages of the multi-functional metasurfaces are discussed in the context of various applications, including 3D holography, broadband achromatic metalenses and multi-dimensional encoded information. By combining all the input and output DOF together, we can realize ideal optical meta-devices with deep subwavelength thickness and striking functions beyond the reach of traditional optical components. Moreover, new research directions may emerge when merging different DOF in metasurfaces with other important concepts, such as parity-time symmetry and topology, so that we can have the complete control of light waves in a prescribed manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Ruwen Peng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yongmin Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang D, Hwang Y, Dai Y, Si G, Wei S, Choi DY, Gómez DE, Mitchell A, Lin J, Yuan X. Broadband High-Efficiency Chiral Splitters and Holograms from Dielectric Nanoarc Metasurfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900483. [PMID: 30985077 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous broadband and high efficiency merits of designer metasurfaces are currently attracting widespread attention in the field of nanophotonics. However, contemporary metasurfaces rarely achieve both advantages simultaneously. For the category of transmissive metadevices, plasmonic or conventional dielectric metasurfaces are viable for either broadband operation with relatively low efficiency or high efficiency at only a selection of wavelengths. To overcome this limitation, dielectric nanoarcs are proposed as a means to accomplish two advantages. Continuous nanoarcs support different electromagnetic resonant modes at localized areas for generating phase retardation. Meanwhile, the geometric nature of nanoarc curvature endows the nanoarcs with full phase coverage of 0-2π due to the Pancharatnam-Berry phase principle. Experimentally incorporated with the chiral-detour phase principle, a few compelling functionalities are demonstrated, such as chiral beamsplitting, broadband holography, and helicity-selective holography. The continuous nanoarc metasurfaces prevail over plasmonic or dielectric discretized building block strategies and the findings lead to novel designs of spin-controllable metadevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Yongsop Hwang
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Yanmeng Dai
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, 3168, Australia
| | - Shibiao Wei
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre & Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel E Gómez
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jiao Lin
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kharintsev SS, Kharitonov AV, Alekseev AM, Kazarian SG. Superresolution stimulated Raman scattering microscopy using 2-ENZ nano-composites. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7710-7719. [PMID: 30946390 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09890e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Superlensing plays a crucial role in near- and far-field optical imaging with sub-wavelength resolution. One of the ways to expand optical bandwidth is surface plasmon resonances in layered metal-dielectric nanostructures. These resonances are commonly excited at a tunable single frequency. In this study, we propose the concept of a multimode far-field superlens made of a titanium oxynitride (TiON) thin film, that is a disordered metal-dielectric refractory nano-composite. These films exhibit a double epsilon-near-zero (2-ENZ) behavior near the percolation threshold and, therefore, favor super-coupling the incident laser light to surface plasmon resonances, not using such couplers as a prism, a grating, etc. We experimentally observe stimulated Raman gain emission from nano-structured TiON thin films exposed to low-power continuous-wave laser light. It is shown that superresolution of <λ/80 (near-field) and <λ/8 (far-field) is achieved due to both the enhanced third-order optical nonlinearity and the multiplicative nature of four-wave mixing. The multimode tunable far-field superlens will impact emerging diffraction-free far-field optical microscopy, random Raman lasing on meta-atoms and broadband thermophotovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Kharintsev
- Department of Optics and Nanophotonics, Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 16, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen WT, Zhu AY, Sisler J, Bharwani Z, Capasso F. A broadband achromatic polarization-insensitive metalens consisting of anisotropic nanostructures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 30664662 PMCID: PMC6341080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces have attracted widespread attention due to an increasing demand of compact and wearable optical devices. For many applications, polarization-insensitive metasurfaces are highly desirable, and appear to limit the choice of their constituent elements to isotropic nanostructures. This greatly restricts the number of geometric parameters available in design. Here, we demonstrate a polarization-insensitive metalens using otherwise anisotropic nanofins which offer additional control over the dispersion and phase of the output light. As a result, we can render a metalens achromatic and polarization-insensitive across nearly the entire visible spectrum from wavelength λ = 460 nm to 700 nm, while maintaining diffraction-limited performance. The metalens is comprised of just a single layer of TiO2 nanofins and has a numerical aperture of 0.2 with a diameter of 26.4 µm. The generality of our polarization-insensitive design allows it to be implemented in a plethora of other metasurface devices with applications ranging from imaging to virtual/augmented reality. Polarization-insensitive metasurfaces implies limiting the choice of constituent elements to isotropic nanostructures. Here, the authors demonstrate a polarization-insensitive metalens using anisotropic nanofins, allowing achromatic and polarization-insensitive behaviour across the entire visible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ting Chen
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Zhu
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jared Sisler
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zameer Bharwani
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Luo X. Subwavelength Artificial Structures: Opening a New Era for Engineering Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804680. [PMID: 30468525 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past centuries, the scale of engineering optics has evolved toward two opposite directions: one is represented by giant telescopes with apertures larger than tens of meters and the other is the rapidly developing micro/nano-optics and nanophotonics. At the nanoscale, subwavelength light-matter interaction is blended with classic and quantum effects in various functional materials such as noble metals, semiconductors, phase-change materials, and 2D materials, which provides unprecedented opportunities to upgrade the performance of classic optical devices and overcome the fundamental and engineering difficulties faced by traditional optical engineers. Here, the research motivations and recent advances in subwavelength artificial structures are summarized, with a particular emphasis on their practical applications in super-resolution and large-aperture imaging systems, as well as highly efficient and spectrally selective absorbers and emitters. The role of dispersion engineering and near-field coupling in the form of catenary optical fields is highlighted, which reveals a methodology to engineer the electromagnetic response of complex subwavelength structures. Challenges and tentative solutions are presented regarding multiscale design, optimization, fabrication, and system integration, with the hope of providing recipes to transform the theoretical and technological breakthroughs on subwavelength hierarchical structures to the next generation of engineering optics, namely Engineering Optics 2.0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lu DY, Cao X, Wang KJ, He MD, Wang D, Li J, Zhang XM, Liu L, Luo JH, Li Z, Liu JQ, Xu L, Hu WD, Chen X. Broadband reflective lens in visible band based on aluminum plasmonic metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:34956-34964. [PMID: 30650911 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.034956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a flat optical lens based on plasmonic reflectarray metasurface, which consists of a planar array of hyperbolic-shaped aluminum (Al) nanoantenna separated from an Al ground plane by a SiO2 spacer. The gradual change in the width of the Al nanoantenna enables unique broadband (400-700 nm) to focus on the visible band because of its hyperbolic reflection-phase profile. The focal length of metalens is quickly decreased with the increase of wavelength in the short wavelength region (400-550 nm), compensating the chromatic aberration in traditional lenses. In long wavelength region (550-700 nm), the focal length has only a slight change, thereby minimizing chromatic aberration. Furthermore, the proposed metalens creates a small focal spot beyond diffraction limit, while maintaining high focusing efficiency. Our method of simple and anisotropic nanoantenna is used to realize wide phase tuning range offers a novel strategy to design braodband metalens, and our metalens has widespread applications in compact camera, telescope, and microscope.
Collapse
|
49
|
Li W, Yu Y, Yuan W. Flexible focusing pattern realization of centimeter-scale planar super-oscillatory lenses in parallel fabrication. NANOSCALE 2018; 11:311-320. [PMID: 30534750 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Planar super-oscillatory lenses (SOLs) can exert far-field foci beyond the diffraction limit free from the contribution of evanescent waves. However, the reported design methods of SOLs are always complicated and divergent, leading to a poor control over the desired focusing patterns. Furthermore, the existing device sizes of SOLs are mainly within hundreds of micrometers accompanied by a subwavelength-scale feature size. Here, we propose a general optimization design model for realizing flexible focusing patterns, e.g. multifocal and achromatic contours. Additionally, a novel design called the chromatic-customized SOL fighting against the dispersion rule of traditional diffractive optical elements (DOEs) is also demonstrated based on the proposed flexible algorithm. The diameters for all the SOLs reach 12 mm with 30 μm minimum feature size, which can be easily fabricated by employing the conventional optical lithography technique. Such centimeter-scale, light weight and low-cost lenses reveal new capacities of arbitrarily customized optical patterns in various interdisciplinary fields including parallel particle trapping, full-color high-resolution imaging, and compact spectral imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace (Ministry of Education), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Super-Oscillatory Metalens at Terahertz for Enhanced Focusing with Reduced Side Lobes. PHOTONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics5040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we design and numerically demonstrate an ultra-thin super-oscillatory metalens with a resolution below the diffraction limit. The zones of the lens are implemented using metasurface concepts with hexagonal unit cells. This way, the transparency and, hence, efficiency is optimized, compared to the conventional transparent–opaque zoning approach that introduces, inevitably, a high reflection in the opaque regions. Furthermore, a novel two-step optimization technique, based on evolutionary algorithms, is developed to reduce the side lobes and boost the intensity at the focus. After the design process, we demonstrate that the metalens is able to generate a focal spot of 0.46λ0 (1.4 times below the resolution limit) at the design focal length of 10λ0 with reduced side lobes (the side lobe level being approximately −11 dB). The metalens is optimized at 0.327 THz, and has been validated with numerical simulations.
Collapse
|