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Zhou D, Zhang H, Zheng H, Xu Z, Xu H, Guo H, Li P, Tong Y, Hu B, Chen L. Recent Advances and Prospects of Small Molecular Organic Thermoelectric Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200679. [PMID: 35285160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials possess unique energy conversion capabilities between heat and electrical energy. Small organic semiconductors have aroused widespread attention for the fabrication of TE devices due to their advantages of low toxicity, large area, light weight, and easy fabrication. However, the low TE properties hinder their large-scale commercial application. Herein, the basic knowledge about TE materials, including parameters affecting the TE performance and the remaining challenges of the organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials, are initially summarized in detail. Second, the optimization strategies of power factor, including the selection and design of dopants and structural modification of the dope-host are introduced. Third, some achievements of p- and n-type small molecular OTE materials are highlighted to briefly provide their future developing trend; finally, insights on the future development of OTE materials are also provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Haolan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Zhentian Xu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Huilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Peining Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yongfen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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2
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Chen WC, Chang YC. Rational design of organic semiconductors with low internal reorganization energies for hole and electron transport: position effect of aza-substitution in phenalenyl derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18163-18172. [PMID: 34612279 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphoteric-redox phenalenyl radical (PLY) is a suitable candidate used to design ambipolar organic materials. Because the singly occupied nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO) of PLY has a perfect local nonbonding character, its internal reorganization energy (λ) for transporting holes (λ+) or electrons (λ-) is known to be small. Herein, PLY is employed to study the position effect of the aza group on the λ. By adding or extracting an electron from the NBMO, the bond length alterations can be minute. Therefore, the PLY derivatives are also an excellent candidate to study the contributions from the bond angle alterations to the λ. Substituting the aza groups at the β- or α-positions of PLY shows two different trends. When consecutively substituting the aza group at the three β-positions of PLY, the λs are consistently decreased. Contrarily, a series of double functionalization of aza groups at the four α-positions of PLY, the λs are increased. It is because the local bonding or antibonding character in frontier orbitals (FMO) is observed in α2N-PLY and α4N-PLY. As the FMOs of the three β-substituted PLYs and α6N-PLY have perfect local nonbonding character, we found the bond angle alterations are the main contributors of λ. The λs for most aza-PLYs were smaller than 100 meV. Thus, we propose a design rule for substituting aza groups on the parent molecules with strong local nonbonding character in their FMOs. Based on the adiabatic ionization potential and electron affinity, two π-extended PLY derivatives with small λ were recommended for fabricating air-stable ambipolar OFET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Deng T, Recatala-Gomez J, Ohnishi M, Repaka DVM, Kumar P, Suwardi A, Abutaha A, Nandhakumar I, Biswas K, Sullivan MB, Wu G, Shiomi J, Yang SW, Hippalgaonkar K. Electronic transport descriptors for the rapid screening of thermoelectric materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2463-2474. [PMID: 34870304 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel materials for thermoelectric energy conversion has potential to be accelerated by data-driven screening combined with high-throughput calculations. One way to increase the efficacy of successfully choosing a candidate material is through its evaluation using transport descriptors. Using a data-driven screening, we selected 12 potential candidates in the trigonal ABX2 family, followed by charge transport property simulations from first principles. The results suggest that carrier scattering processes in these materials are dominated by ionised impurities and polar optical phonons, contrary to the oft-assumed acoustic-phonon-dominated scattering. Using these data, we further derive ground-state transport descriptors for the carrier mobility and the thermoelectric powerfactor. In addition to low carrier mass, high dielectric constant was found to be an important factor towards high carrier mobility. A quadratic correlation between dielectric constant and transport performance was established and further validated with literature. Looking ahead, dielectric constant can potentially be exploited as an independent criterion towards improved thermoelectric performance. Combined with calculations of thermal conductivity including Peierls and inter-branch coherent contributions, we conclude that the trigonal ABX2 family has potential as high performance thermoelectrics in the intermediate temperature range for low grade waste heat harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Deng
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jose Recatala-Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Masato Ohnishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - D V Maheswar Repaka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ady Suwardi
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anas Abutaha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Iris Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Kanishka Biswas
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials and International Centre for Materials Science, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Michael B Sullivan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shuo-Wang Yang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kedar Hippalgaonkar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore.
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4
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Park W, Hwang H, Kim S, Park S, Jang KS. Optimized Thermoelectric Performance of Carbon Nanoparticle-Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures by Tuning Interface Barrier Energy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7208-7215. [PMID: 33528990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, thermoelectric carbon nanoparticle (CNP)-carbon nanotube (CNT) heterostructures are introduced as a promising flexible thermoelectric material. The optimal barrier energy between the CNP and CNT increases the Seebeck coefficient (S) of the heterostructures through the energy filtering effect. For optimized thermoelectric performance, the CNP-CNT barrier energy can be effectively tuned by controlling the work function of the CNPs. The optimized p-type CNP-CNT heterostructures exhibited S and power factor (PF) of 50.6 ± 1.4 μV K-1 and 400 ± 26 μW m-1 K-2, respectively. The n-type CNP-CNT heterostructures, optimized for another work function of the CNPs, exhibited S and PF of up to -37.5 ± 3.4 μV K-1 and 214 ± 42 μW m-1 K-2, respectively. The energy harvesting capability of a thermoelectric generator prepared using p- and n-type CNP-CNT heterostructures with optimized barrier energies is demonstrated. The thermoelectric generator with 10 p-type and 9 n-type thermoelectric elements exhibited a maximum output power of 0.12 μW from a ΔT of 5 K. This work shows a facile strategy for synthesizing thermoelectric CNP-CNT heterostructures with optimized energy filtering effects. Application to the thermoelectric device on a paper substrate is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woomin Park
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research and Department of Applied Chemistry (Major in Bionano Convergence), Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Hwang
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research and Department of Applied Chemistry (Major in Bionano Convergence), Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research and Department of Applied Chemistry (Major in Bionano Convergence), Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbin Park
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research and Department of Applied Chemistry (Major in Bionano Convergence), Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Jang
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research and Department of Applied Chemistry (Major in Bionano Convergence), Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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5
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Xing G, Li Y, Feng Z, Singh DJ, Pauly F. Copper(I)-Based Flexible Organic-Inorganic Coordination Polymer and Analogues: High-Power Factor Thermoelectrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53841-53851. [PMID: 33213136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transport properties of the single layer and bulk copper(I) 4-hydroxythiophenolate (Cu(SC6H4OH)) coordination polymers and their analogues Cu(SeC6H4OH) and Cu(TeC6H4OH) on the basis of density functional calculations. We found that the bulk phases show superior power factors when compared with single-layer phases. This performance is comparable to the reported best organic thermoelectric candidates p-type poly(3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and n-type poly[Kx(Ni-ett)] (ett = ethylenetetrathiolate). The non-parabolic conduction band minimum of Cu(SeC6H4OH) along the x direction can decouple the transport quantities, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical conductivity to achieve the highest power factor among all the candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzong Xing
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yuwei Li
- North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Feng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7010, United States
| | - David J Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7010, United States
| | - Fabian Pauly
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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6
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Zhong F, Yin X, Chen Z, Gao C, Wang L. Significantly Reduced Thermal-Activation Energy for Hole Transport via Simple Donor Engineering: Understanding the Role of Molecular Parameters for Thermoelectric Behaviors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26276-26285. [PMID: 32421324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal activation energy for charge transfer (Eact,σ) plays a crucial role in determining the electrical properties of organic semiconductors, which are largely dominated by the Coulomb binding energy (Ecoul,ICTC) or static energy disorder (σICTC) of the formed integer charge transfer complexes at low or high doping concentration, respectively. Herein, we provide two typical donor-acceptor type polymers with distinct donors to disclose the role of molecular parameters in response for their corresponding thermoelectric (TE) behaviors. Noticeably, both the Ecoul,ICTC and σICTC of the polymers can be effectively restrained by varying the initial carbazole (CZ) donor to the dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) moiety, which contributes to the remarkably decreased Eact,σ values of the PDTP-DPP than that of PCZ-DPP. Accordingly, the optimized power factors (PF) for PDTP-DPP (10.8 μW m-1 K-2) is almost 5 times higher than the primary PCZ-DPP (1.8 μW m-1 K-2) at ambient condition. In addition, a further improved PF over 85.5 μW m-1 K-2 can be achieved by PDTP-DPP at 488 K due to the synergy of thermal-induced dedoping and thermal-activated semiconducting behavior. Ultraviolet photoelectron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm the lower thermal activation energy for efficient p-doping of PDTP-DPP than that of PCZ-DPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhanxiang Chen
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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7
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Park S, Mo JH, Kim S, Hwang H, Jang KS. Shape-Deformable Thermoelectric Carbon Nanotube Doughs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19415-19422. [PMID: 32271000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, shape-deformable thermoelectric p- and n-type doughs are fabricated by blending single-walled carbon nanotubes with excess amounts of nonvolatile liquid surfactants for efficient energy harvesting from diverse heat sources. The shape-deformable thermoelectric doughs exhibit touch-healing properties and can be easily molded into arbitrary shapes by simple shaping methods, such as those commonly used for rubber play dough. We used cube-shaped thermoelectric doughs to fabricate a vertical thermoelectric generator. Considering the shape-deformable properties of the thermoelectric doughs, a contraction strain of ∼2% in the through-plane direction of the thermoelectric generator can be applied for an effective application of ΔT. We show that the thermoelectric generator we built with eight p-n pairs exhibits a maximum output power of 2.2 μW at a vertical ΔT of 15 K. Our results demonstrate the energy harvesting capability of thermoelectric generators with shape-deformable p- and n-type doughs. Owing to the properties of this material, thermoelectric generators with various device geometries can be fabricated for energy harvesting from a diverse range of nonflat heat sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungbin Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyun Mo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Hwang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Suk Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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8
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Shi W, Yildirim E, Wu G, Wong ZM, Deng T, Wang J, Xu J, Yang S. The Role of Electrostatic Interaction between Free Charge Carriers and Counterions in Thermoelectric Power Factor of Conducting Polymers: From Crystalline to Polycrystalline Domains. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16‐16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16‐16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore
- Department of ChemistryMiddle East Technical University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Gang Wu
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16‐16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore
| | - Zicong Marvin Wong
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16‐16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore
| | - Tianqi Deng
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16‐16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian‐Sheng Wang
- Department of PhysicsNational University of Singapore 2 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117551 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringAgency for Science, Technology and Research 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08‐03 Innovis Singapore 138634 Republic of Singapore
| | - Shuo‐Wang Yang
- Institute of High Performance ComputingAgency for Science, Technology and Research 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16‐16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore
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Liu C, Li W, Yu Y, Hao Y. A universal strategy to continuously tune the properties of materials through internal strain. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39967-39972. [PMID: 35515399 PMCID: PMC9057477 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed a universal strategy to continuously and precisely tune the properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Wenlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130033
- China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Yuying Hao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
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Liu C, Yin X, Liu J, Gao C, Wang L. Optimizing the thermoelectric performances of conjugated polymer backbones via incorporating tailored platinum(ii) acetylides. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers incorporated with platinum acetylides offer an effective approach to realizing both high conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfa Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- PR China
| | - Xiaojun Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- PR China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- PR China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- PR China
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