1
|
Tu YH, Huang HY, Yang YH, de Smet LCPM, Hu CC. A highly stable full-polymer electrochemical deionization system: dopant engineering & mechanism study. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3792-3804. [PMID: 38946305 PMCID: PMC11318517 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical deionization (ECDI) has emerged as a promising technology for water treatment, with faradaic ECDI systems garnering significant attention due to their enhanced performance potential. This study focuses on the development of a highly stable and efficient, full-polymer (polypyrrole, PPy) ECDI system based on two key strategies. Firstly, dopant engineering, involving the design of dopants with a high charge/molecular weight (MW) ratio and structural complexity, facilitating their effective integration into the polymer backbone. This ensures sustained contribution of strong negative charges, enhancing system performance, while the bulky dopant structure promotes stability during extended operation cycles. Secondly, operating the system with well-balanced charges between deionization and concentration processes significantly reduces irreversible reactions on the polymer, thereby mitigating dopant leakage. Implementing these strategies, the PPy(PSS)//PPy(ClO4) (PSS: polystyrene sulfonate) system achieves a high salt removal capacity (SRC) of 48 mg g-1, an ultra-low energy consumption (EC) of 0.167 kW h kgNaCl-1, and remarkable stability, with 96% SRC retention after 104 cycles of operation. Additionally, this study provides a detailed degradation mechanism based on pre- and post-cycling analyses, offering valuable insights for the construction of highly stable ECDI systems with superior performance in water treatment applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsin-Chu 300044, Taiwan.
- Advanced Interfaces & Materials, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands.
| | - Hung-Yi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsin-Chu 300044, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsin-Chu 300044, Taiwan.
| | - Louis C P M de Smet
- Advanced Interfaces & Materials, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands.
| | - Chi-Chang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsin-Chu 300044, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao M, Qi Y, Lu K, Chen Q, Xie X, Li X, Lin Z, Chai L, Liu W. Selective Capacitive Recovery of Rare-Earth Ions from Wastewater over Phosphorus-Modified TiO 2 Cathodes via an Electro-Adsorption Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14013-14021. [PMID: 39041953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Large amounts of wastewater containing low-concentration (<10 ppm) rare-earth ions (REIs) are discharged annually in China's rare-earth mining and processing industry, resulting in severe environmental pollution and economic losses. Hence, achieving efficient selective recovery of low-concentration REIs from REIs-containing wastewater is essential for environmental protection and resource recovery. In this study, a pseudocapacitance system was designed for highly efficient capacitive selective recovery of REIs from wastewater using the titanium dioxide/P/C (TiO2/P/C) composite electrode, which exhibited over 99% recovery efficiency for REIs, such as Eu3+, Dy3+, Tb3+, and Lu3+ in mixed solution. This system maintained high efficiency and more than 90 times the enrichment concentration of REIs even after 100 cycles. Ti4+ of TiO2 was reduced to Ti3+ of Ti3O5 under forward voltage in the system, which trapped the electrons of phosphorus site and caused it to be oxidized to phosphate with a strong affinity for REIs, thus improving the selectivity of REIs. Under reverse voltage, Ti3O5 was oxidized to TiO2, which transferred electrons to phosphate and transformed to the phosphorus site, resulting in the desorption and enrichment of REIs and the regeneration of the electrode. This study provides a promising method for the efficient recovery of REIs from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Mao
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yue Qi
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Kaibin Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiangta Xie
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim N, Jeyaraj VS, Elbert J, Seo SJ, Mironenko AV, Su X. Redox-Responsive Halogen Bonding as a Highly Selective Interaction for Electrochemical Separations. JACS AU 2024; 4:2523-2538. [PMID: 39055153 PMCID: PMC11267542 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging specific noncovalent interactions can broaden the mechanims for selective electrochemical separations beyond solely electrostatic interactions. Here, we explore redox-responsive halogen bonding (XB) for selective electrosorption in nonaqueous media, by taking advantage of directional interactions of XB alongisde a cooperative and synergistic ferrocene redox-center. We designed and evaluated a new redox-active XB donor polymer, poly(5-iodo-4-ferrocenyl-1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (P(FcTS-I)), for the electrochemically switchable binding and release of target organic and inorganic ions at a heterogeneous interface. Under applied potential, the oxidized ferrocene amplifies the halogen binding site, leading to significantly enhanced uptake and selectivity towards key inorganic and organic species, including chloride, bisulfate, and benzenesulfonate, compared to the open-circuit potential or the hydrogen bonding donor analog. Density functional theory calculations, as well as spectroscopic analysis, offer mechanistic insight into the degree of amplification of σ-holes at a molecular level, with selectivity modulated by charge transfer and dispersion interactions. Our work highlights the potential of XB in selective electrosorption by uniquely leveraging noncovalent interactions for redox-mediated electrochemical separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vijaya S. Jeyaraj
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sung Jin Seo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V. Mironenko
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Candeago R, Wang H, Nguyen MT, Doucet M, Glezakou VA, Browning JF, Su X. Unraveling the Role of Solvation and Ion Valency on Redox-Mediated Electrosorption through In Situ Neutron Reflectometry and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. JACS AU 2024; 4:919-929. [PMID: 38559709 PMCID: PMC10976571 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Solvation and ion valency effects on selectivity of metal oxyanions at redox-polymer interfaces are explored through in situ spatial-temporally resolved neutron reflectometry combined with large scale ab initio molecular dynamics. The selectivity of ReO4- vs MoO42- for two redox-metallopolymers, poly(vinyl ferrocene) (PVFc) and poly(3-ferrocenylpropyl methacrylamide) (PFPMAm) is evaluated. PVFc has a higher Re/Mo separation factor compared to PFPMAm at 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. In situ techniques show that both PVFc and PFPMAm swell in the presence of ReO4- (having higher solvation with PFPMAm), but do not swell in contact with MoO42-. Ab initio molecular simulations suggest that MoO42- maintains a well-defined double solvation shell compared to ReO4-. The more loosely solvated anion (ReO4-) is preferably adsorbed by the more hydrophobic redox polymer (PVFc), and electrostatic cross-linking driven by divalent anionic interactions could impair film swelling. Thus, the in-depth understanding of selectivity mechanisms can accelerate the design of ion-selective redox-mediated separation systems for transition metal recovery and recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Candeago
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Physical
and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | - James F. Browning
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim H, Kim S, Lee B, Presser V, Kim C. Emerging Frontiers in Multichannel Membrane Capacitive Deionization: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4567-4578. [PMID: 38377328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising desalination technology and recently promoted the development of multichannel membrane capacitive deionization (MC-MCDI). In MC-MCDI, the independent control of multiflow channels, including the feed and electrolyte channels, enables the optimization of electrode operation in various modes, such as concentration gradients and reverse voltage discharge, facilitating semicontinuous operation. Moreover, the integration of redox couples into MC-MCDI has led to advancements in redox-mediated desalination. Specifically, the introduction of redox-active species helps enhance the ion removal efficiency and reduce energy consumption during desalination. This systematic approach, combining principles from CDI and electrodialysis, results in more sustainable and efficient desalination. These advancements have contributed to improved desalination performance and practical feasibility, rendering MC-MCDI an increasingly attractive option for addressing water scarcity challenges. Despite the considerable interest in and potential of this process, there is currently no comprehensive review available that covers the operational features and applications of MC-MCDI. Therefore, this Review provides an overview of recent research progress, focusing on the unique cell configuration, vital operation principles, and potential advantages over conventional CDI. Additionally, innovative applications of MC-MCDI are discussed. The Review concludes with insights into future research directions, potential opportunities in industrial desalination technology, and the fundamental and practical challenges for successful implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering with Institute of Energy/Environment Convergence Technologies and Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering with Institute of Energy/Environment Convergence Technologies and Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Company, Limited, Seoul 06765, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongho Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering with Institute of Energy/Environment Convergence Technologies and Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Volker Presser
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D22, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability (Saarene), Campus C42, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Choonsoo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering with Institute of Energy/Environment Convergence Technologies and Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen R, Wang H, Doucet M, Browning JF, Su X. Thermo-Electro-Responsive Redox-Copolymers for Amplified Solvation, Morphological Control, and Tunable Ion Interactions. JACS AU 2023; 3:3333-3344. [PMID: 38155652 PMCID: PMC10751769 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Electro-responsive metallopolymers can possess highly specific and tunable ion interactions, and have been explored extensively as electrode materials for ion-selective separations. However, there remains a limited understanding of the role of solvation and polymer-solvent interactions in ion binding and selectivity. The elucidation of ion-solvent-polymer interactions, in combination with the rational design of tailored copolymers, can lead to new pathways for modulating ion selectivity and morphology. Here, we present thermo-electrochemical-responsive copolymer electrodes of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and ferrocenylpropyl methacrylamide (FPMAm) with tunable polymer-solvent interactions through copolymer ratio, temperature, and electrochemical potential. As compared to the homopolymer PFPMAm, the P(NIPAM0.9-co-FPMAm0.1) copolymer ingressed 2 orders of magnitude more water molecules per doping ion when electrochemically oxidized, as measured by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. P(NIPAM0.9-co-FPMAm0.1) exhibited a unique thermo-electrochemically reversible response and swelled up to 83% after electrochemical oxidation, then deswelled below its original size upon raising the temperature from 20 to 40 °C, as measured through spectroscopic ellipsometry. Reduced P(NIPAM0.9-co-FPMAm0.1) had an inhomogeneous depth profile, with layers of low solvation. In contrast, oxidized P(NIPAM0.9-co-FPMAm0.1) displayed a more uniform and highly solvated depth profile, as measured through neutron reflectometry. P(NIPAM0.9-co-FPMAm0.1) and PFPMAm showed almost a fivefold difference in selectivity for target ions, evidence that polymer hydrophilicity plays a key role in determining ion partitioning between solvent and the polymer interface. Our work points to new macromolecular engineering strategies for tuning ion selectivity in stimuli-responsive materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raylin Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Center
for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - James F. Browning
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim N, Oh W, Knust KN, Zazyki Galetto F, Su X. Molecularly Selective Polymer Interfaces for Electrochemical Separations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16685-16700. [PMID: 37955994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular design of polymer interfaces has been key for advancing electrochemical separation processes. Precise control of molecular interactions at electrochemical interfaces has enabled the removal or recovery of charged species with enhanced selectivity, capacity, and stability. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent developments in polymer interfaces applied to liquid-phase electrochemical separations, with a focus on their role as electrosorbents as well as membranes in electrodialysis systems. In particular, we delve into both the single-site and macromolecular design of redox polymers and their use in heterogeneous electrochemical separation platforms. We highlight the significance of incorporating both redox-active and non-redox-active moieties to tune binding toward ever more challenging separations, including structurally similar species and even isomers. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the development of selective ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and the critical need to control the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Finally, we share perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in electrochemical separations, ranging from the need for a comprehensive understanding of binding mechanisms to the continued innovation of electrochemical architectures for polymer electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wangsuk Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyle N Knust
- Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, 1184 W. Main Street, Decatur, Illinois 62522, United States
| | - Fábio Zazyki Galetto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cho KH, Chen R, Elbert J, Su X. Redox-Functionalized Semiconductor Interfaces for Photoelectrochemical Separations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2305275. [PMID: 37471171 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Redox-mediated electrosorption is a promising platform for selective electrochemical (EC) separations, due to its molecular selectivity, high uptake, and tunability for target ions. However, the electrical energy required is mainly generated by non-renewable energy sources, which limits its sustainability and overall impact to decarbonization. Here, a redox-mediated photoelectrochemical (PEC) separation process using polyvinyl ferrocene functionalized TiO2 nanorod electrodes is proposed, which integrates direct solar energy as a driver for the selective electrosorption. The photoelectrochemically-driven oxidation and reduction with both homogeneous and heterogeneous ferrocene-systems is investigated to establish the underlying mechanism. The PEC system can separate heavy metal oxyanions at lower voltages or even without electrical energy. At 0.3 V versus SCE, a 124 mg g-1 uptake for Mo is achieved, which is comparable to the performance of EC cells at 0.75 V versus SCE. Thus, PEC systems not only can generate energy for spontaneous redox-separations, but also can reduce electrical energy consumption by 51.4% compared to EC cells for separation processes when coupled with an external electrical energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Raylin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu YH, Huang HY, Yang YH, Lai CY, Tai CW, Hu CC. Comprehensive Study on the Ion-Selective Behavior of MnO x for Electrochemical Deionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46812-46828. [PMID: 37773582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxide is an effective active material in several electrochemical systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, and electrochemical deionization (ECDI). This work conducts a comprehensive study on the ion-selective behavior of MnOx to fulfill the emptiness in the energy and environmental science field. Furthermore, it broadens the promising application of MnOx in the ion-selective ECDI system. We propose a time-dependent multimechanism ion-selective behavior with the following guidelines by utilizing a microfluidic cell and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) analysis. (1) Hydrated radius is the most critical factor for ions with the same valence, and MnOx tends to capture cations with a small hydrated radius. (2) The importance of charge density rises when comparing cations with different valences, and MnOx prefers to capture divalent cations with a strong electrostatic attraction at prolonged times. Under this circumstance, ion swapping may occur where divalent cations replace monovalent cations. (3) NH4+ triggers MnOx dissolution, leading to performance and stability decay. The EQCM evidence has directly verified the proposed mechanisms, and these data provide a novel but simple method to judge ion selectivity preference. The overall ion selectivity sequence is Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > NH4+> Na+ > Li+ with the highest selectivity values of βCa//Li and βCa//Na around 3 at the deionization time = 10 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Tu
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Advanced Materials Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Huang
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Advanced Materials Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yang
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Advanced Materials Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Advanced Materials Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Tai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Advanced Materials Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Hu
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Advanced Materials Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nwokonkwo O, Pelletier V, Broud M, Muhich C. Functionalized Ferrocene Enables Selective Electrosorption of Arsenic Oxyanions over Phosphate─A DFT Examination of the Effects of Substitutional Moieties, pH, and Oxidation State. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7727-7738. [PMID: 37682592 PMCID: PMC10530435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene (Fc)/ferrocenium (Fc+)-decorated carbon nanotube electrode materials have shown promise for selectively adsorbing arsenic (As) over dissimilar anions like Cl- and ClO4-, and isostructural transition-metal oxyanions for water remediation; however, the competition between same-group oxyanions (such as arsenate vs phosphate) is underexplored and poorly understood. We use ab initio calculations to examine the competitive binding of As(V), P(V), and As(III) to Fc/Fc+ with and without functional substitutions (OH, SH, NH2, COOH, CH3, C2H5, NO2, and Cl). This work aims to understand factors that induce the selective binding of toxic arsenic over phosphate. We find that neat Fc cannot distinguish the three oxyanions because physical forces (electrostatics and dispersion) dominate the Fc-oxyanion interactions. However, combined oxidation and substitution effects enable selectivity for As(V) over P(V). Oxidation of Fc to Fc+ allows the formation of Fc+-oxyanion covalent bonds with varying donor-acceptor character depending on the oxyanion. Additionally, NH2 and SH groups that donate charge to the base Fc+ molecule and H-bond to oxyanion induce an energetic preference for As(V) over P(V) by -0.23 and -0.13 eV, respectively. Differences in pKa between As(V)/P(V) and As(III) preclude any preference for As(III) over the other anions. Using the calculated energetics, we predict the pH-dependent binding selectivity of functionalized ferrocenium. These findings demonstrate the challenges of Fc/Fc+-oxyanion interaction for selective binding and provide a path for identifying other molecules and substituents for efficient metallocene adsorbent design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obinna Nwokonkwo
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States of America
| | - Vivienne Pelletier
- Materials Science & Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States of America
| | - Michael Broud
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States of America
| | - Christopher Muhich
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States of America
- Materials Science & Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tan KJ, Morikawa S, Hemmatifar A, Ozbek N, Liu Y, Hatton TA. Hydrophobicity Tuned Polymeric Redox Materials with Solution-Specific Electroactive Properties for Selective Electrochemical Metal Ion Recovery in Aqueous Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43859-43870. [PMID: 37695877 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Adaptable redox-active materials hold great potential for electrochemically mediated separation processes via targeted molecular recognition and reduced energy requirements. This work presents molecularly tunable vinylferrocene metallopolymers (P(VFc-co-X)) with modifiable operating potentials, charge storage capacities, capacity retentions, and analyte affinities in various electrolyte environments based on the hydrophobicity of X. The styrene (St) co-monomer impedes hydrophobic anions from ferrocene access, providing P(VFc-co-St) with specific response capabilities for and greatly improved cyclabilities in hydrophilic anions. This adjustable electrochemical stability enables preferential chromium and rhenium oxyanion separation from both hydrophobic and hydrophilic electrolytes that significantly surpasses capacitive removal by an order of magnitude, with a robust perrhenate uptake capacity of 329 mg/g VFc competitive with established metal-organic framework physisorbents and 17-fold selectivity over 20-fold excess nitrate. Pairing P(VFc-co-X) with other solution-specific electroactive macromolecules such as the pH-dependent poly(hydroquinone) (PHQ) and the cesium-selective nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) generates dual-functionalized electrosorption cells. P(VFc-co-X)//PHQ offers optimizable energetics based on X and pH for a substantial 4.6-fold reduction from 0.21 to 0.04 kWh/mol rhenium in acidic versus near-neutral media, and P(VFc-co-St)//NiHCF facilitates simultaneous extraction of rhenium, chromium, and cesium ions. Proof-of-concept reversible perrhenate separation in flow further highlights such frameworks as promising approaches for next-generation water purification technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Satoshi Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ali Hemmatifar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Baldaguez Medina P, Ardila Contreras V, Hartmann F, Schmitt D, Klimek A, Elbert J, Gallei M, Su X. Investigating the Electrochemically Driven Capture and Release of Long-Chain PFAS by Redox Metallopolymer Sorbents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22112-22122. [PMID: 37114898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is an urgent challenge due to their prevalence and persistence in the environment. Electrosorption is a promising approach for wastewater treatment and water purification, especially through the use of redox polymers to control the binding and release of target contaminants without additional external chemical inputs. However, the design of efficient redox electrosorbents for PFAS faces the significant challenge of balancing a high adsorption capacity while maintaining significant electrochemical regeneration. To overcome this challenge, we investigate redox-active metallopolymers as a versatile synthetic platform to enhance both electrochemical reversibility and electrosorption uptake capacity for PFAS removal. We selected and synthesized a series of metallopolymers bearing ferrocene and cobaltocenium units spanning a range of redox potentials to evaluate their performance for the capture and release of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Our results demonstrate that PFOA uptake and regeneration efficiency increased with more negative formal potential of the redox polymers, indicating possible structural correlations with the electron density of the metallocenes. Poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl cobaltoceniumcarboxylate hexafluorophosphate) (PMAECoPF6) showed the highest affinity toward PFOA, with an uptake capacity of more than 90 mg PFOA/g adsorbent at 0.0 V vs Ag/AgCl and a regeneration efficiency of more than 85% at -0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl. Kinetics of PFOA release showed that electrochemical bias greatly enhanced the regeneration efficiency when compared to open-circuit desorption. In addition, electrosorption of PFAS from different wastewater matrices and a range of salt concentrations demonstrated the capability of PFAS remediation in complex water sources, even at ppb levels of contaminants. Our work showcases the synthetic tunability of redox metallopolymers for enhanced electrosorption capacity and regeneration of PFAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Baldaguez Medina
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Valentina Ardila Contreras
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Frank Hartmann
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Deborah Schmitt
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelique Klimek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarene, Saarland Center for Energy Materials and Sustainability, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herreros-Lucas C, Vila-Fungueiriño JM, Giménez-López MDC. Electrochemically Versatile Graphite Nanoplatelets Prepared by a Straightforward, Highly Efficient, and Scalable Route. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21375-21383. [PMID: 37015345 PMCID: PMC10165606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured carbon materials with tailor-made structures (e.g., morphology, topological defect, dopant, and surface area) are of significant interest for a variety of applications. However, the preparation method selected for obtaining these tailor-made structures determines the area of application, precluding their use in other technological areas of interest. Currently, there is a lack of simple and low-cost methodologies versatile enough for obtaining freestanding carbon nanostructures that can be used in either energy storage or chemical detection. Here, a novel methodology for the development of a versatile electrochemically active platform based on freestanding graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) has been developed by exploiting the interiors of hollow carbon nanofibers (CNF) comprising nanographene stacks using dry ball-milling. Even though ball-milling could be considered as a universal method for any carbonaceous material, often, it is not as simple (one step, no purification, and no solvents), efficient (just GNP without tubular structures), and quick (just 20 min) as the sustainable method developed in this work, free of surfactants and stabilizer agents. We demonstrate that the freestanding GNP developed in this work (with an average thickness of 3.2 nm), due to the selective edge functionalization with the minimal disruption of the basal plane, can act either as a supercapacitor or as a chemical sensor, showing both a dramatic improvement in the charge storage ability of more than 30 times and an enhanced detection of electrochemically active molecules such as ascorbic acid with a 236 mV potential shift with respect to CNF in both cases. As shown here, GNP stand as an excellent versatile alternative compared to the standard commercially available carbon-based materials. Overall, our approach paves the way for the discovery of new nanocarbon-based electrochemical active platforms with a wide electrochemical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Herreros-Lucas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - José Manuel Vila-Fungueiriño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Giménez-López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi W, Ma J, Gao F, Dai R, Su X, Wang Z. Metal-Organic Framework with a Redox-Active Bridge Enables Electrochemically Highly Selective Removal of Arsenic from Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6342-6352. [PMID: 37010389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective removal of trace, highly toxic arsenic from water is vital to ensure an adequate and safe drinking water supply for over 230 million people around the globe affected by arsenic contamination. Here, we developed an Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with a ferrocene (Fc) redox-active bridge (termed Fe-MIL-88B-Fc) for the highly selective removal of As(III) from water. At a cell voltage of 1.2 V, Fe-MIL-88B-Fc can selectively separate and oxidize As(III) into the less harmful As(V) state in the presence of a 100- to 1250-fold excess of competing electrolyte, with an uptake capacity of >110 mg-As g-1 adsorbent. The high affinity between the uncharged As(III) and the μ3-O trimer (-36.55 kcal mol-1) in Fe-MIL-88B-Fc and the electron transfer between As(III) and redox-active Fc+ synergistically govern the selective capture and conversion of arsenic. The Fe-based MOF demonstrates high selectivity and capacity to remediate arsenic-contaminated natural water at a low energy cost (0.025 kWh m-3). This study provides valuable guidance for the tailoring of effective and robust electrodes, which can lead to a wider application of electrochemical separation technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Román Santiago A, Yin S, Elbert J, Lee J, Shukla D, Su X. Imparting Selective Fluorophilic Interactions in Redox Copolymers for the Electrochemically Mediated Capture of Short-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Substances. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9508-9519. [PMID: 36944079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
With increasing regulations on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) across the world, understanding the molecular level interactions that drive their binding by functional adsorbent materials is key to effective PFAS removal from water streams. With the phaseout of legacy long-chain PFAS, the emergence of short-chain PFAS has posed a significant challenge for material design due to their higher mobility and hydrophilicity and inefficient removal by conventional treatment methods. Here, we demonstrate how cooperative molecular interactions are essential to target short-chain PFAS (from C4 to C7) by tailoring structural units to enhance affinity while modulating the electrochemical control of capture and release of PFAS. We report a new class of fluorinated redox-active amine-functionalized copolymers to leverage both fluorophilic and electrostatic interactions for short-chain PFAS binding. We combine molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and electrosorption to elucidate the role of the designer functional groups in enabling affinity toward short-chain PFAS. Preferential interaction coefficients from MD simulations correlated closely with experimental trends: fluorination enhanced the overall PFAS uptake and promoted the capture of less hydrophobic short-chain PFAS (C ≤ 5), while electrostatic interactions provided by secondary amine groups were sufficient to capture PFAS with higher hydrophobicity (C ≥ 6). The addition of an induced electric field showed favorable kinetic enhancement for the shortest PFAS and increased the reversibility of release from the electrode. Integration of these copolymers with electrochemical separations showed potential for removing these contaminants at environmentally relevant conditions while eliminating the need for chemical regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anaira Román Santiago
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Song Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou H, Peng J, Duan X, Yin H, Huang B, Zhou C, Zhong S, Zhang H, Zhou P, Xiong Z, Ao Z, Wang S, Yao G, Lai B. Redox-Active Polymers as Robust Electron-Shuttle Co-Catalysts for Fast Fe 3+/Fe 2+ Circulation and Green Fenton Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3334-3344. [PMID: 36734031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accelerating the rate-limiting Fe3+/Fe2+ circulation in Fenton reactions through the addition of reducing agents (or co-catalysts) stands out as one of the most promising technologies for rapid water decontamination. However, conventional reducing agents such as hydroxylamine and metal sulfides are greatly restricted by three intractable challenges: (1) self-quenching effects, (2) heavy metal dissolution, and (3) irreversible capacity decline. To this end, we, for the first time, introduced redox-active polymers as electron shuttles to expedite the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle and promote H2O2 activation. The reduction of Fe3+ mainly took place at active N-H or O-H bonds through a proton-coupled electron transfer process. As electron carriers, H atoms at the solid phase could effectively inhibit radical quenching, avoid metal dissolution, and maintain long-term reducing capacity via facile regeneration. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicated that the activity of different polymers shows a volcano curve trend as a function of the energy barrier, highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap, and vertical ionization potential. Thanks to the appropriate redox ability, polyaniline outperforms other redox-active polymers (e.g., poypyrrole, hydroquinone resin, poly(2,6-diaminopyridine), and hexaazatrinaphthalene framework) with a highest iron reduction capacity up to 5.5 mmol/g, which corresponds to the state transformation from leucoemeraldine to emeraldine. Moreover, the proposed system exhibited high pollutant removal efficiency in a flow-through reactor for 8000 bed volumes without an obvious decline in performance. Overall, this work established a green and sustainable oxidation system, which offers great potential for practical organic wastewater remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiali Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Haoxiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bingkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuang Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaokun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gang Yao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Bo Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Sino-German Centre for Water and Health Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan KJ, Morikawa S, Ozbek N, Lenz M, Arlt CR, Tschöpe A, Franzreb M, Hatton TA. Redox Polyelectrolytes with pH-Sensitive Electroactive Functionality in Aqueous Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:2943-2956. [PMID: 36794996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A framework of ferrocene-containing polymers bearing adjustable pH- and redox-active properties in aqueous electrolyte environments was developed. The electroactive metallopolymers were designed to possess enhanced hydrophilicity compared to the vinylferrocene (VFc) homopolymer, poly(vinylferrocene) (PVFc), by virtue of the comonomer incorporated into the macromolecule, and could also be prepared as conductive nanoporous carbon nanotube (CNT) composites that offered a variety of different redox potentials spanning a ca. 300 mV range. The presence of charged non-redox-active moieties such as methacrylate (MA) in the polymeric structure endowed it with acid dissociation properties that interacted synergistically with the redox activity of the ferrocene moieties to impart pH-dependent electrochemical behavior to the overall polymer, which was subsequently studied and compared to several Nernstian relationships in both homogeneous and heterogeneous configurations. This zwitterionic characteristic was leveraged for the enhanced electrochemical separation of several transition metal oxyanions using a P(VFc0.63-co-MA0.37)-CNT polyelectrolyte electrode, which yielded an almost twofold preference for chromium as hydrogen chromate versus its chromate form, and also exemplified the electrochemically mediated and innately reversible nature of the separation process through the capture and release of vanadium oxyanions. These investigations into pH-sensitive redox-active materials provide insight for future developments in stimuli-responsive molecular recognition, with extendibility to areas such as electrochemical sensing and selective separation for water purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jher Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Morikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Nil Ozbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdalena Lenz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Carsten-René Arlt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - André Tschöpe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg 76344, Germany
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coupling nitrate capture with ammonia production through bifunctional redox-electrodes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:823. [PMID: 36788213 PMCID: PMC9929237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is a ubiquitous aqueous pollutant from agricultural and industrial activities. At the same time, conversion of nitrate to ammonia provides an attractive solution for the coupled environmental and energy challenge underlying the nitrogen cycle, by valorizing a pollutant to a carbon-free energy carrier and essential chemical feedstock. Mass transport limitations are a key obstacle to the efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia from water streams, due to the dilute concentration of nitrate. Here, we develop bifunctional electrodes that couple a nitrate-selective redox-electrosorbent (polyaniline) with an electrocatalyst (cobalt oxide) for nitrate to ammonium conversion. We demonstrate the synergistic reactive separation of nitrate through solely electrochemical control. Electrochemically-reversible nitrate uptake greater than 70 mg/g can be achieved, with electronic structure calculations and spectroscopic measurements providing insight into the underlying role of hydrogen bonding for nitrate selectivity. Using agricultural tile drainage water containing dilute nitrate (0.27 mM), we demonstrate that the bifunctional electrode can achieve a 8-fold up-concentration of nitrate, a 24-fold enhancement of ammonium production rate (108.1 ug h-1 cm-2), and a >10-fold enhancement in energy efficiency when compared to direct electrocatalysis in the dilute stream. Our study provides a generalized strategy for a fully electrified reaction-separation pathway for modular nitrate remediation and ammonia production.
Collapse
|
19
|
Enhanced selective electrosorption of Pb2+ from complex water on covalent organic framework-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Cotty S, Jeon J, Elbert J, Jeyaraj VS, Mironenko AV, Su X. Electrochemical recycling of homogeneous catalysts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade3094. [PMID: 36260663 PMCID: PMC9581474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysts have rapid kinetics and keen reaction selectivity. However, their widespread use for industrial catalysis has remained limited because of challenges in reusability. Here, we propose a redox-mediated electrochemical approach for catalyst recycling using metallopolymer-functionalized electrodes for binding and release. The redox platform was investigated for the separation of key platinum and palladium homogeneous catalysts used in organic synthesis and industrial chemical manufacturing. Noble metal catalysts for hydrosilylation, silane etherification, Suzuki cross-coupling, and Wacker oxidation were recycled electrochemically. The redox electrodes demonstrated high sorption uptake for platinum-based catalysts (Qmax up to 200 milligrams of platinum per gram of adsorbent) from product mixtures, with up to 99.5% recovery, while retaining full catalytic activity over multiple cycles. The combination of mechanistic studies and electronic structure calculations indicate that selective interactions with anionic intermediates during the catalytic cycle played a key role in the separations. Last, continuous flow cell studies support the scalability and favorable technoeconomics of electrochemical recycling.
Collapse
|
21
|
Flexible self-supporting electrode for high removal performance of arsenic by capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun J, Zhang C, Song Z, Waite TD. Boron Removal from Reverse Osmosis Permeate Using an Electrosorption Process: Feasibility, Kinetics, and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10391-10401. [PMID: 35766603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron is present in the form of boric acid (B(OH)3 or H3BO3) in seawater, geothermal waters, and some industrial wastewaters but is toxic at elevated concentrations to both plants and humans. Effective removal of boron from solutions at circumneutral pH by existing technologies such as reverse osmosis is constrained by high energy consumption and low removal efficiency. In this work, we present an asymmetric, membrane-containing flow-by electrosorption system for boron removal. Upon charging, the catholyte pH rapidly increases to above ∼10.7 as a result of water electrolysis and other Faradaic reactions with resultant deprotonation of boric acid to form B(OH)4- and subsequent removal from solution by electrosorption to the anode. Results also show that the asymmetric flow-by electrosorption system is capable of treating feed streams with high concentrations of boron and RO permeate containing multiple competing ionic species. On the basis of the experimental results obtained, a mathematical model has been developed that adequately describes the kinetics and mechanism of boron removal by the asymmetric electrosorption system. Overall, this study not only provides new insights into boron removal mechanisms by electrosorption but also opens up a new pathway to eliminate amphoteric pollutants from contaminated source waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zhao Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing 214206, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ji W, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Zhang TC, Yuan S. Multilayered TNAs/SnO 2/PPy/β-PbO 2 anode achieving boosted electrocatalytic oxidation of As(III). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128449. [PMID: 35176698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dealing with arsenic pollution has been of great concern owing to inherent toxicity of As(III) to environments and human health. Herein, a novel multilayered SnO2/PPy/β-PbO2 structure on TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs/SnO2/PPy/β-PbO2) was synthesized by a multi-step electrodeposition process as an efficient electrocatalyst for As(III) oxidation in aqueous solution. Such TNAs/SnO2/PPy/β-PbO2 electrode exhibited a higher charge transfer, tolerable stability, and high oxygen evolution potential (OEP). The intriguing structure with a SnO2, PPy, and β-PbO2 active layers provided a larger electrochemical active area for electrocatalytic As(III) oxidation. The as-synthesized TNAs/SnO2/PPy/β-PbO2 anode achieved drastically enhanced As(Ⅲ) conversion efficiency of 90.72% compared to that of TNAs/β-PbO2 at circa 45.4%. The active species involved in the electrocatalytic oxidation process included superoxide radical (•O2-), sulfuric acid root radicals (•SO4-), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). This work offers a new strategy to construct a high-efficiency electrode to meet the requirements of favorable electrocatalytic oxidation properties, good stability, and high electrocatalytic activity for As(III) transformation to As(V).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Ji
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuanjie Xiong
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182-0178, USA
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ouimet JA, Xu J, Flores‐Hansen C, Phillip WA, Boudouris BW. Design Considerations for Next‐Generation Polymer Sorbents: From Polymer Chemistry to Device Configurations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aubuchon Ouimet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Jialing Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Carsten Flores‐Hansen
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| | - William A. Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46566 United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang H, Wei D, He Y, Deng H, Wu B, Yan L, Gang H, Cao Y, Jin L, Zhang L. Carbon Nanoarchitectonics with Bi Nanoparticle Encapsulation for Improved Electrochemical Deionization Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13177-13185. [PMID: 35262320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical deionization (EDI) is hopefully the next generation of water treatment technology. Bismuth (Bi) is a promising anode material for EDI, due to its high capacity and selectivity toward Cl-, but the large volume expansion and severe pulverization aggressively attenuated the EDI cycling performance of Bi electrodes. Herein, carbon-layer-encapsulated nano-Bi composites (Bi@C) were prepared by a simple pyrolysis method using a Bi-based metal-organic framework as a precursor. Bi nanoparticles are uniformly coated within the carbon layer, in which the Bi-O-C bond enhances the interaction between Bi and C. Such a structure effectively relieves the stress caused by volume expansion by the encapsulation effect of the carbon layer. Moreover, the introduction of a carbon skeleton provides a conductive network. As a consequence, the Bi@C composite delivered excellent electrochemical performance with a capacity of 537.6 F g-1 at 1 mV s-1. The Cl- removal capacity was up to 133.5 mg g-1 at 20 mA g-1 in 500 mg L-1 NaCl solution. After 100 cycles, the Bi@C electrode still maintains 71.8% of its initial capacity, which is much higher than the 26.3% of the pure Bi electrode. This study provides a promising strategy for improving EDI electrode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dun Wei
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yingjie He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bichao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lvji Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Haiyin Gang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yiyun Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song Z, Garg S, Ma J, Waite TD. Influence of cations on As(III) removal from simulated groundwaters by double potential step chronoamperometry (DPSC) employing polyvinylferrocene (PVF) functionalized electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127472. [PMID: 34655881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As(III) removal from groundwaters is challenging because of its neutral charge and low surface affinity under circumneutral pH conditions. In this work, we investigate the influence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the removal of As(III) by a redox active polyvinylferrocene (PVF) functionalized electrode in a modified double potential step chronoamperometry (DPSC) setup. In the absence of divalent cations, nearly 90% As(III) removal is achieved over ten continuous cycles by single-pass DPSC, even in the presence of competing anions, however the presence of divalent cations at concentrations ≥ 1.25 mM significantly inhibits As(III) removal. The divalent cations enhance arsenic removal in the first (removal) step but suppress electrode regeneration in the 2nd step. Our results suggest that Ca2+/Mg2+ either acts as a bridge between the electrode surface and As anions or the sorption of Ca2+/Mg2+ increases the positive charge on the electrode surface thereby facilitating As(V) sorption. We show that effective electrode regeneration can be achieved using an NaOH wash however the overall complexity of the process increases. Overall, we conclude that the influence of divalent cations on As removal by electro-sorption processes needs to be taken into consideration for application of this technology for real groundwater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim Y, Kim H, Kim K, Eom HH, Su X, Lee JW. Electrosorption of cadmium ions in aqueous solutions using a copper-gallate metal-organic framework. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131853. [PMID: 34403904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is a recognized need for green technologies for the effective decontamination of toxic heavy metal ions in wastewater. This study demonstrates the electrochemically assisted uptake and release of cadmium ions (Cd2+) using a redox-active Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF) electrode. Copper gallate (CuGA), which was synthesized in an aqueous solution, is a water-stable and cost-effective MOF adsorbent in which naturally abundant gallic acid is used as a linker. This work utilized copper within the CuGA structure as a redox center to attract Cd2+ by means of Cu2+/Cu+ reduction, exhibiting rapid uptake kinetics and a much higher capacity (>60 mg g-1) compared to the case without electrochemical assistance (~15 mg g-1). In addition, by applying an opposite overpotential to induce the re-oxidation of copper, the facile recovery of Cd2+ and the regeneration of the electrode were possible without regenerants. Physicochemical characterizations including XPS were conducted to investigate the chemical oxidation states and stability of the electrode after the effective electrosorption-regeneration process. This work presents the feasibility of a Cu-based MOF electrode as a reusable platform for the efficient removal of Cd2+, supporting the continued discovery and development of new Faradaic electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwiyong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Ho Hyeon Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ji W, Wang Y, Zhang TC, Ouyang L, Yuan S. Heterostructure Cu 2O@TiO 2Nanotube Array Coated Titanium Anode for Efficient Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of As(III) in Aqueous Solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Ji
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tian Cheng Zhang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0178, United States
| | - Like Ouyang
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- Low-carbon Technology & Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fritz PA, Boom RM, Schroën C. Electrochemically driven adsorptive separation techniques: From ions to proteins and cells in liquid streams. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
31
|
Wang J, Zhang T, Xia K, Huang C, Liu L, Wang J. Bioinspired Neuron-like Adsorptive Networks for Heavy Metal Capture and Tunable Electrochemically Mediated Recovery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45077-45088. [PMID: 34510886 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have garnered increasing attention as a heavy metal remediation platform for pollutant mitigation and sustainable recycling. Inspired by the biological signal-transfer mode, biomimic neuron-like hierarchical adsorptive networks were constructed by interweaving one-dimensional manganese oxide nanowires into polyaniline-decorated hollow structural metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The prepared biomimic neuron adsorbent exhibits good adsorption capacity toward cations (Pb2+) and oxyanions (Cr2O72-) at the neutral state; tunable cation/oxyanion desorption can be electrochemically switched at the oxidized and reduced states, respectively, where the biomimic neuron-like hierarchical adsorptive networks facilitated electron transfer and benefited substantial redox reactions. The combination of simulations and calculations demonstrates that the curvature-induced polarization in a hollow MOF structure enhances the desorption efficiencies by improving the redox processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface, which facilitate the promising implementation in terms of water economy and downstream waste sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kangxuan Xia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, United States
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (Cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lizhi Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jianlong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang L, Hu W, Chang Z, Liu T, Fang D, Shao P, Shi H, Luo X. Electrochemical recovery and high value-added reutilization of heavy metal ions from wastewater: Recent advances and future trends. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106512. [PMID: 33756431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment for heavy metals is currently transitioning from pollution remediation towards resource recovery. As a controllable and environment-friendly method, electrochemical technologies have recently gained significant attention. However, there is a lack of systematic and goal oriented summarize of electrochemical metal recovery techniques, which has inhibited the optimized application of these methods. This review aims at recent advances in electrochemical metal recovery techniques, by comparing different electrochemical recovery methods, attempts to target recycling heavy metal resources with minimize energy consumption, boost recovery efficiency and realize the commercial application. In this review, different electrochemical recovery methods (including E-adsorption recovery, E-oxidation recovery, E-reduction recovery, and E-precipitation recovery) for recovering heavy metals are introduced, followed an analysis of their corresponding mechanisms, influencing factors, and recovery efficiencies. In addition, the mass transfer efficiency can be promoted further through optimizing electrodes and reactors, and multiple technologies (photo-electrochemical and sono-electrochemical) could to be used synergistically improve recovery efficiencies. Finally, the most promising directions for electrochemical recovery of heavy metals are discussed along with the challenges and future opportunities of electrochemical technology in recycling heavy metals from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Ziwen Chang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Tian Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Difan Fang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Penghui Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Hui Shi
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Guo J, Xu X, Hill JP, Wang L, Dang J, Kang Y, Li Y, Guan W, Yamauchi Y. Graphene-carbon 2D heterostructures with hierarchically-porous P,N-doped layered architecture for capacitive deionization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10334-10340. [PMID: 34377418 PMCID: PMC8336432 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring a new-family of carbon-based desalinators to optimize their performances beyond the current commercial benchmark is of significance for the development of practically useful capacitive deionization (CDI) materials. Here, we have fabricated a hierarchically porous N,P-doped carbon–graphene 2D heterostructure (denoted NPC/rGO) by using metal–organic framework (MOF)-nanoparticle-driven assembly on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets followed by stepwise pyrolysis and phosphorization procedures. The resulting NPC/rGO-based CDI desalinator exhibits ultrahigh deionization performance with a salt adsorption capacity of 39.34 mg g−1 in a 1000 mg L−1 NaCl solution at 1.2 V over 30 min with good cycling stability over 50 cycles. The excellent performance is attributed to the high specific surface area, high conductivity, favorable meso-/microporous structure together with nitrogen and phosphorus heteroatom co-doping, all of which are beneficial for the accommodation of ions and charge transport during the CDI process. More importantly, NPC/rGO exhibits a state-of-the-art CDI performance compared to the commercial benchmark and most of the previously reported carbon materials, highlighting the significance of the MOF nanoparticle-driven assembly strategy and graphene–carbon 2D heterostructures for CDI applications. MOF nanoparticle-driven assembly on 2D nanosheets produces the graphene–carbon heterostructure with hierarchically-porous P,N-doped layered architecture.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Guo
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education Xi'an 710064 P. R. China .,JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Xingtao Xu
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 PR China
| | - Jingjing Dang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education Xi'an 710064 P. R. China
| | - Yunqing Kang
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yuliang Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education Xi'an 710064 P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guan
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education Xi'an 710064 P. R. China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim K, Candeago R, Rim G, Raymond D, Park AHA, Su X. Electrochemical approaches for selective recovery of critical elements in hydrometallurgical processes of complex feedstocks. iScience 2021; 24:102374. [PMID: 33997673 PMCID: PMC8091062 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical minerals are essential for the ever-increasing urban and industrial activities in modern society. The shift to cost-efficient and ecofriendly urban mining can be an avenue to replace the traditional linear flow of virgin-mined materials. Electrochemical separation technologies provide a sustainable approach to metal recovery, through possible integration with renewable energy, the minimization of external chemical input, as well as reducing secondary pollution. In this review, recent advances in electrochemically mediated technologies for metal recovery are discussed, with a focus on rare earth elements and other key critical materials for the modern circular economy. Given the extreme heterogeneity of hydrometallurgically-derived media of complex feedstocks, we focus on the nature of molecular selectivity in various electrochemically assisted recovery techniques. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for process intensification in critical materials recycling, especially through combining electrochemical and hydrometallurgical separation steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwiyong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Riccardo Candeago
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Guanhe Rim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Darien Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ah-Hyung Alissa Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.,Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang C, Ma J, Wu L, Sun J, Wang L, Li T, Waite TD. Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI): Recent Developments, Environmental Applications, and Future Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4243-4267. [PMID: 33724803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing severity of global water scarcity, a myriad of scientific activities is directed toward advancing brackish water desalination and wastewater remediation technologies. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), a newly developed electrochemically driven ion removal approach combining ion-exchange membranes and flowable particle electrodes, has been actively explored over the past seven years, driven by the possibility of energy-efficient, sustainable, and fully continuous production of high-quality fresh water, as well as flexible management of the particle electrodes and concentrate stream. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current advances of this interesting technology with particular attention given to FCDI principles, designs (including cell architecture and electrode and separator options), operational modes (including approaches to management of the flowable electrodes), characterizations and modeling, and environmental applications (including water desalination, resource recovery, and contaminant abatement). Furthermore, we introduce the definitions and performance metrics that should be used so that fair assessments and comparisons can be made between different systems and separation conditions. We then highlight the most pressing challenges (i.e., operation and capital cost, scale-up, and commercialization) in the full-scale application of this technology. We conclude this state-of-the-art review by considering the overall outlook of the technology and discussing areas requiring particular attention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianyu Li
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Huairou, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mao M, Yan T, Shen J, Zhang J, Zhang D. Capacitive Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater via an Electro-Adsorption and Electro-Reaction Coupling Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3333-3340. [PMID: 33605148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals widely exist in wastewater, which is a serious threat to human health or water environment. Highly efficient removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is a major challenge to wastewater treatment. In this work, capacitive removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater via an electro-adsorption and electro-reaction coupling process was originally demonstrated. The removal efficiency of heavy metal ions in the binary-component solutions containing metal nitrate (10 mg/L) and NaCl (100 mg/L) can reach 99%. Even the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions can be close to 99% in the multi-component solution containing all the seven metal nitrates (10 mg/L for each) and 100 mg/L NaCl. Meanwhile, the electro-adsorption and electro-reaction coupling process maintained excellent regeneration ability even after 20 cycles. Furthermore, the heavy metal ions removal mechanism was proven to be the pseudocapacitive intercalation of heavy metal ions into the layered structure of the employed W18O49/graphene in the electro-adsorption and electro-reaction coupling process. This work demonstrates great potential for general applicability to wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mao M, Yan T, Chen G, Zhang J, Shi L, Zhang D. Selective Capacitive Removal of Pb 2+ from Wastewater over Redox-Active Electrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:730-737. [PMID: 33289377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution has become an environmental hazard. Diverse metal cations exist in wastewater; lead is the most common heavy metal pollutant among them. Selective removal of highly toxic and ultradiluted lead ions from wastewater is a major challenge for water purification. Here, selective capacitive removal (SCR) of lead ions from wastewater over redox-active molybdenum dioxide/carbon (MoO2/C) electrodes was developed by an environment-friendly asymmetric capacitive deionization (CDI) method. The MoO2/C spheres act as cathodes of an asymmetric CDI device and effectively reduce the concentration of Pb2+ from 50 ppm to <0.21 ppb. Moreover, the SCR efficiency of lead ions over redox-active MoO2/C electrodes is >99% in mixtures of 100 ppm Pb(NO3)2 and 100 ppm NaCl solutions. In addition, the electrodes exhibit high regeneration performance in mixtures of NaCl and Pb(NO3)2 and high SCR efficiency for lead ions from mixtures of heavy metal ions. The tetrahedral structure of the [MoO4] lattice is shown to be more favorable for the intercalation of lead ions. In situ Raman spectroscopy further shows that the transition of the crystal interface between [MoO6] and [MoO4] cluster lattice could be electrochemically controlled during SCR. Therefore, this study provides a new direction for the SCR of lead ions from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guorong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dengsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Effective electrochemically controlled removal of fluoride ions using electrodeposited polyaniline-carbon nanotube composite electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
39
|
Separation of ions from water and wastewater using micro-scale capacitive-faradaic fuel cells (CFFCs), powered by H2(g) and air. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
40
|
Candeago R, Kim K, Vapnik H, Cotty S, Aubin M, Berensmeier S, Kushima A, Su X. Semiconducting Polymer Interfaces for Electrochemically Assisted Mercury Remediation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49713-49722. [PMID: 33079513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured polymer interfaces can play a key role in addressing urgent challenges in water purification and advanced separations. Conventional technologies for mercury remediation often necessitate large energetic inputs, produce significant secondary waste, or when electrochemical, lead to strong irreversibility. Here, we propose the reversible, electrochemical capture and release of mercury, by modulating interfacial mercury deposition through a sulfur-containing, semiconducting redox polymer. Electrodeposition/stripping of mercury was carried out with a nanostructured poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)-carbon nanotube composite electrode, coated on titanium (P3HT-CNT/Ti). During electrochemical release, mercury was reversibly stripped in a non-acid electrolyte with 12-fold higher release kinetics compared to nonfunctionalized electrodes. In situ optical microscopy confirmed the rapid, reversible nature of the electrodeposition/stripping process with P3HT-CNT/Ti, indicating the key role of redox processes in mediating the mercury phase transition. The polymer-functionalized system exhibited high mercury removal efficiencies (>97%) in real wastewater matrices while bringing the final mercury concentrations down to <2 μg L-1. Moreover, an energy consumption analysis highlighted a 3-fold increase in efficiency with P3HT-CNT/Ti compared to titanium. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of semiconducting redox polymers for reversible mercury deposition and points to future applications in mediating electrochemical stripping for various environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Candeago
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kwiyong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Haley Vapnik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen Cotty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Megan Aubin
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmanstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Akihiro Kushima
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lin L, Hu J, Liu J, He X, Li B, Li XY. Selective Ammonium Removal from Synthetic Wastewater by Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization Using a Novel K 2Ti 2O 5-Activated Carbon Mixture Electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12723-12731. [PMID: 32926784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) in wastewater is both a major pollutant and a valuable resource. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a promising technology for chemical-free and environmentally friendly NH4+ removal and recovery from wastewater. However, the coexisting sodium (Na+) in wastewater, with a similar hydrated radius to NH4+, competes for the adsorption sites, resulting in low NH4+ removal efficiency. Here, potassium dititanate (K2Ti2O5 or KTO) particles prepared by the electrospray method followed by calcination were mixed with activated carbon (AC) powder to form a novel KTO-AC flow-electrode for selective NH4+ removal over Na+. The mixed KTO-AC electrode exhibits a much higher specific gravimetric capacitance in NH4Cl solution than in NaCl solution. Compared with the pure AC electrode in the FCDI tests on NH4+ removal from synthetic wastewater, 25 wt % KTO addition in the electrode mixture increases the adsorption selectivity from 2.3 to 31 toward NH4+ over Na+, improves the NH4+ removal from 28.5% to 64.8% and increases the NH4+ desorption efficiency from 35.6% to over 80%, achieving selective NH4+ recovery and effective electrode regeneration. Based on DFT calculations, NH4+ adsorption on the K2Ti2O5 (0 0 1) surface is more thermodynamically favorable than that of Na+, which contributes to the high NH4+ adsorption selectivity observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin He
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Song Z, Garg S, Ma J, Waite TD. Selective Arsenic Removal from Groundwaters Using Redox-Active Polyvinylferrocene-Functionalized Electrodes: Role of Oxygen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12081-12091. [PMID: 32924448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate selective sorption of arsenic from simulated groundwaters at pH 8 by a redox-active polyvinylferrocene (PVF)-functionalized electrode using a modified double potential step chronoamperometry (DPSC) method. Our results show that effective and sustainable As(III) removal can be achieved at 0 V once the electrode is activated via anodic polarization. During activation, ferrocene (Fc) in PVF is oxidized to the ferrocenium ion (Fc+) with the latter facilitating As(III) sorption and subsequent oxidation as well as As(V) sorption. The high affinity of Fc+ to As and weak attraction to competing anions at 0 V ensure high selectivity of As over Cl-, SO42-, and NO3- at concentrations typical of groundwaters. Following the removal process, efficient regeneration of the electrode is achieved at -1.2 V wherein Fc+ is reduced to Fc thereby facilitating As desorption from the electrode surface. Our results further show that O2 and associated generation of hydrogen peroxide during the regeneration step drive the oxidation of Fc to Fc+, thereby maintaining the constant generation of Fc+ required to achieve As(III) removal in subsequent cycles. Our results show that 91.8 ± 0.6% of As(III) could be selectively removed from simulated groundwater over 10 cycles at an ultralow energy consumption of 0.12 kWh m-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Song
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gao Z, Zhang J, Zhang S, Lan D, Zhao Z, Kou K. Strategies for electromagnetic wave absorbers derived from zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) with ferrocene containing polymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Ray SS, Iroegbu AOC, Bordado JC. Polymer-Based Membranes and Composites for Safe, Potable, and Usable Water: A Survey of Recent Advances. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-020-00166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
45
|
McNair R, Cseri L, Szekely G, Dryfe R. Asymmetric Membrane Capacitive Deionization Using Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Quaternized Polymer Blends. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:2946-2956. [PMID: 32905369 PMCID: PMC7469241 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) for water desalination is an innovative technique that could help to solve the global water scarcity problem. However, the development of the MCDI field is hindered by the limited choice of ion-exchange membranes. Desalination by MCDI removes the salt (solute) from the water (solvent); this can drastically reduce energy consumption compared to traditional desalination practices such as distillation. Herein, we outline the fabrication and characterization of quaternized anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) based on polymer blends of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) that provides an efficient membrane for MCDI. Flat sheet polymer membranes were prepared by solution casting, heat treatment, and phase inversion, followed by modification to impart anion-exchange character. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the membranes. The as-prepared membranes displayed high ion-exchange capacity (IEC), hydrophilicity, permselectivity and low area resistance. Due to the addition of PEI, the high density of quaternary ammonium groups increased the IEC and permselectivity of the membranes, while reducing the area resistance relative to pristine PBI AEMs. Our PEI/PBI membranes were successfully employed in asymmetric MCDI for brackish water desalination and exhibited an increase in both salt adsorption capacity (>3×) and charge efficiency (>2×) relative to membrane-free CDI. The use of quaternized polymer blend membranes could help to achieve greater realization of industrial scale MCDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert McNair
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Levente Cseri
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.
| | - Gyorgy Szekely
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, U.K.
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Dryfe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
- Henry
Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Su X. Electrochemical interfaces for chemical and biomolecular separations. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|