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Zhai Y, Xu C, Zhang Z, Li P, Murai S, Rivas JG, Li X, Wang S. Efficient Redirection of Trapped Broad-Band Fluorescence from Substrates into Free Space Using c-Si Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11311-11318. [PMID: 39207029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent dye films on transparent substrates are essential for OLEDs, flexible displays, X-ray detection, and wireless optical communications. However, their efficiency is often hampered by fluorescence trapping due to total internal reflection (TIR) and waveguiding. This study tackles this longstanding challenge by reconceptualizing the integration of dye films with nanoantenna metasurfaces. Traditional methods involve directly spin-coating films onto c-Si metasurfaces on quartz substrates, resulting in edge luminescence and weak inner signals. We present a straightforward, adjustable approach by integrating dye films on the opposite side of quartz substrates, reaching a 2.5-fold photoluminescence enhancement and improving the uniformity of the emission compared to the conventional methods. These gains stem from redirecting a significant portion of leaked fluorescence light trapped inside the substrate into free space, surpassing TIR conditions through in-plane diffraction orders of the metasurfaces across the full RGB spectrum. Our findings facilitate the design of more efficient luminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Zhai
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chaojie Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenghe Zhang
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Light Field and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Shunsuke Murai
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir Institute, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shaojun Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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2
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Chen R, Liang N, Zhai T. Dual-color emissive OLED with orthogonal polarization modes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1331. [PMID: 38351002 PMCID: PMC10864411 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Linearly polarized organic light-emitting diodes have become appealing functional expansions of polarization optics and optoelectronic applications. However, the current linearly polarized diodes exhibit low polarization performance, cost-prohibitive process, and monochromatic modulation limit. Herein, we develop a switchable dual-color orthogonal linear polarization mode in organic light-emitting diode, based on a dielectric/metal nanograting-waveguide hybrid-microcavity using cost-efficient laser interference lithography and vacuum thermal evaporation. This acquired diode presents a transverse-electric/transverse-magnetic polarization extinction ratio of 15.8 dB with a divergence angle of ±30°, an external quantum efficiency of 2.25%, and orthogonal polarized colors from green to sky-blue. This rasterization of dielectric/metal-cathode further satisfies momentum matching between waveguide and air mode, diffracting both the targeted sky-blue transverse-electric mode and the off-confined green transverse-magnetic mode. Therefore, a polarization-encrypted colorful optical image is proposed, representing a significant step toward the low-cost high-performance linearly polarized light-emitting diodes and electrically-inspired polarization encryption for color images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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3
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Alnasser K, Li S, Sidhik S, Kamau S, Hou J, Hurley N, Alzaid A, Wang S, Yan H, Deng J, Omary MA, Mohite AD, Cui J, Lin Y. Fabrications of twisted moiré photonic crystal and random moiré photonic crystal and their potential applications in light extraction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:025203. [PMID: 37820638 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Twisted moiré photonic crystal is an optical analog of twisted graphene or twisted transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers. In this paper, we report the fabrication of twisted moiré photonic crystals and randomized moiré photonic crystals and their use in enhanced extraction of light in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Fractional diffraction orders from randomized moiré photonic crystals are more uniform than those from moiré photonic crystals. Extraction efficiencies of 76.5%, 77.8% and 79.5% into glass substrate are predicted in simulations of LED patterned with twisted moiré photonic crystals, defect-containing photonic crystals and random moiré photonic crystals, respectively, at 584 nm. Extraction efficiencies of optically pumped LEDs with 2D perovskite (BA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1ofn= 3 and (5-(2'-pyridyl)-tetrazolato)(3-CF3-5-(2'-pyridyl)pyrazolato) platinum(II) (PtD) have been measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Alnasser
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Siraj Sidhik
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Steve Kamau
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Noah Hurley
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Ayman Alzaid
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States of America
| | - Sicheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Jiangdong Deng
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Mohammad A Omary
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Applied Physics Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jingbiao Cui
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Yuankun Lin
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
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4
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Qin Z, Wang T, Gao H, Li Y, Dong H, Hu W. Organic Polarized Light-Emitting Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301955. [PMID: 37358028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrically driven polarized light-emitting sources are central to various applications including quantum computers, optical communication, and 3D displays, but serious challenges remain due to the inevitable incorporation of complex optical elements in conventional devices. Here, organic polarized light-emitting transistors (OPLETs), a kind of novel device that integrates the functions of organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, and polarizers into one unique device, are demonstrated with a degree of polarization (DOP) as high as 0.97, which is comparable to completely linearly polarized light (DOP = 1). Under the modulation of gate voltage, robust and efficient polarization emission is proven, ascribed to the intrinsic in-plane anisotropy of the molecular transition dipole moment in organic semiconductors and the open-ended feature of OPLETs instead of other factors. As a result, high-contrast optical imaging and anti-counterfeiting security are successfully demonstrated based on OPLETs, establishing a new direction for photonic and electronic integration toward on-chip miniaturized optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Li
- Normal College, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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5
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Qin F, Lu M, Lu P, Sun S, Bai X, Zhang Y. Luminescence and Degeneration Mechanism of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes and Strategies for Improving Device Performance. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300434. [PMID: 37434048 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) can be a promising technology for next-generation display and lighting applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, a systematical overview of luminescence and degradation mechanism of perovskite materials and PeLEDs is lacking. Therefore, it is crucial to fully understand these mechanisms and further improve device performances. In this work, the fundamental photophysical processes of perovskite materials, electroluminescence mechanism of PeLEDs including carrier kinetics and efficiency roll-off as well as device degradation mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition, the strategies to improve device performances are summarized, including optimization of photoluminescence quantum yield, charge injection and recombination, and light outcoupling efficiency. It is hoped that this work can provide guidance for future development of PeLEDs and ultimately realize industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Po Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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6
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Zhang Z, Vogelbacher F, Song Y, Tian Y, Li M. Bio-inspired optical structures for enhancing luminescence. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220052. [PMID: 37933238 PMCID: PMC10624395 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence is an essential signal for many plants, insects, and marine organisms to attract the opposite sex, avoid predators, and so on. Most luminescent living organisms have ingenious optical structures which can help them get high luminescent performances. These remarkable and efficient structures have been formed by natural selection from long-time evolution. Researchers keenly observed the enhanced luminescence phenomena and studied how these phenomena happen in order to learn the characteristics of bio-photonics. In this review, we summarize the optical structures for enhancing luminescence and their applications. The structures are classified according to their different functions. We focus on how researchers use these biological inspirations to enhance different luminescence processes, such as chemiluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL). It lays a foundation for further research on the applications of luminescence enhancement. Furthermore, we give examples of luminescence enhancement by bio-inspired structures in information encryption, biochemical detection, and light sources. These examples show that it is possible to use bio-inspired optical structures to solve complex problems in optical applications. Our work will provide guidance for research on biomimetic optics, micro- and nano-optical structures, and enhanced luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging TechnologyCapital Normal UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Florian Vogelbacher
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging TechnologyCapital Normal UniversityBeijingP. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold of Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
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7
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Kim S, An SC, Kim Y, Shin YS, Antonov AA, Seo IC, Woo BH, Lim Y, Gorkunov MV, Kivshar YS, Kim JY, Jun YC. Chiral electroluminescence from thin-film perovskite metacavities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0414. [PMID: 37379382 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Chiral light sources realized in ultracompact device platforms are highly desirable for various applications. Among active media used for thin-film emission devices, lead-halide perovskites have been extensively studied for photoluminescence due to their exceptional properties. However, up to date, there have been no demonstrations of chiral electroluminescence with a substantial degree of circular polarization (DCP) based on perovskite materials, being critical for the development of practical devices. Here, we propose a concept of chiral light sources based on a thin-film perovskite metacavity and experimentally demonstrate chiral electroluminescence with a peak DCP approaching 0.38. We design a metacavity created by a metal and a dielectric metasurface supporting photonic eigenstates with a close-to-maximum chiral response. Chiral cavity modes facilitate asymmetric electroluminescence of pairs of left and right circularly polarized waves propagating in the opposite oblique directions. The proposed ultracompact light sources are especially advantageous for many applications requiring chiral light beams of both helicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongheon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seop Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander A Antonov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - In Cheol Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119333, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jin Young Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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8
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Klein M, Wang Y, Tian J, Ha ST, Paniagua-Domínguez R, Kuznetsov AI, Adamo G, Soci C. Polarization-Tunable Perovskite Light-Emitting Metatransistor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207317. [PMID: 36308036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging immersive visual communication technologies require light sources with complex functionality for dynamic control of polarization, directivity, wavefront, spectrum, and intensity of light. Currently, this is mostly achieved by free space bulk optic elements, limiting the adoption of these technologies. Flat optics based on artificially structured metasurfaces that operate at the sub-wavelength scale are a viable solution, however, their integration into electrically driven devices remains challenging. Here, a radically new approach to monolithic integration of a dielectric metasurface into a perovskite light-emitting transistor is demonstrated. It is shown that nanogratings directly structured on top of the transistor channel yield an 8-fold increase of electroluminescence intensity and dynamic tunability of polarization. This new light-emitting metatransistor device concept opens unlimited opportunities for light management strategies based on metasurface design and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Klein
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yutao Wang
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingyi Tian
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Son Tung Ha
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramón Paniagua-Domínguez
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arseniy I Kuznetsov
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Adamo
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cesare Soci
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, TPI, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Kim YB, Cho JW, Lee YJ, Bae D, Kim SK. High-index-contrast photonic structures: a versatile platform for photon manipulation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:316. [PMID: 36316304 PMCID: PMC9622741 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In optics, the refractive index of a material and its spatial distribution determine the characteristics of light propagation. Therefore, exploring both low- and high-index materials/structures is an important consideration in this regard. Hollow cavities, which are defined as low-index bases, exhibit a variety of unusual or even unexplored optical characteristics and are used in numerous functionalities including diffraction gratings, localised optical antennas and low-loss resonators. In this report, we discuss the fabrication of hollow cavities of various sizes (0.2-5 μm in diameter) that are supported by conformal dielectric/metal shells, as well as their specific applications in the ultraviolet (photodetectors), visible (light-emitting diodes, solar cells and metalenses), near-infrared (thermophotovoltaics) and mid-infrared (radiative coolers) regions. Our findings demonstrate that hollow cavities tailored to specific spectra and applications can serve as versatile optical platforms to address the limitations of current optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, hollow cavity embedded structures are highly elastic and can minimise the thermal stress caused by high temperatures. As such, future applications will likely include high-temperature devices such as thermophotovoltaics and concentrator photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Cho
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukkyu Bae
- Hexa Solution Co., Ltd, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Liu YF, Gao XM, Li YF. Editorial: Recent Advances in Micro-Nanostructured Optoelectronic Devices. Front Chem 2022; 10:920807. [PMID: 35720992 PMCID: PMC9201209 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.920807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yue-Feng Liu,
| | - Xiu-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
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11
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Wankerl H, Wiesmann C, Kreiner L, Butendeich R, Luce A, Sobczyk S, Stern ML, Lang EW. Directional emission of white light via selective amplification of photon recycling and Bayesian optimization of multi-layer thin films. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5226. [PMID: 35347188 PMCID: PMC8960816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, light-emitting diodes (LED) have replaced common light bulbs in almost every application, from flashlights in smartphones to automotive headlights. Illuminating nightly streets requires LEDs to emit a light spectrum that is perceived as pure white by the human eye. The power associated with such a white light spectrum is not only distributed over the contributing wavelengths but also over the angles of vision. For many applications, the usable light rays are required to exit the LED in forward direction, namely under small angles to the perpendicular. In this work, we demonstrate that a specifically designed multi-layer thin film on top of a white LED increases the power of pure white light emitted in forward direction. Therefore, the deduced multi-objective optimization problem is reformulated via a real-valued physics-guided objective function that represents the hierarchical structure of our engineering problem. Variants of Bayesian optimization are employed to maximize this non-deterministic objective function based on ray tracing simulations. Eventually, the investigation of optical properties of suitable multi-layer thin films allowed to identify the mechanism behind the increased directionality of white light: angle and wavelength selective filtering causes the multi-layer thin film to play ping pong with rays of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Wankerl
- University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, 93055, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | - Laura Kreiner
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Luce
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Sobczyk
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, 93055, Regensburg, Germany
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Zhao L, Roh K, Kacmoli S, Al Kurdi K, Liu X, Barlow S, Marder SR, Gmachl C, Rand BP. Nanosecond-Pulsed Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes at High Current Density. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104867. [PMID: 34477263 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While metal-halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) hold the potential for a new generation of display and lighting technology, their slow operation speed and response time limit their application scope. Here, high-speed PeLEDs driven by nanosecond electrical pulses with a rise time of 1.2 ns are reported with a maximum radiance of approximately 480 kW sr-1 m-2 at 8.3 kA cm-2 , and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1% at approximately 10 kA cm-2 , through improved device configuration designs and material considerations. Enabled by the fast operation of PeLEDs, the temporal response provides access to transient charge carrier dynamics under electrical excitation, revealing several new electroluminescence quenching pathways. Finally, integrated distributed feedback (DFB) gratings are explored, which facilitate more directional light emission with a maximum radiance of approximately 1200 kW sr-1 m-2 at 8.5 kA cm-2 , a more than two-fold enhancement to forward radiation output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfeng Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kwangdong Roh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Sara Kacmoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Khaled Al Kurdi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Claire Gmachl
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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Ndiaye A, Ghazouani A, Seassal C, Drouard E, Olivier N, Bakir BB. Enhanced light-extraction efficiency and emission directivity in compact photonic-crystal based AlGaInP thin-films for color conversion applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35965-35979. [PMID: 34809019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the use of photonic crystals with different opto-geometrical parameters for light extraction from AlGaInP/InGaP MQW color converters. Blue-to-red and green-to-red color conversions were demonstrated using room-temperature photoluminescence with excitation wavelengths at 405nm and 514nm. Complete, compact and highly directional light extraction was demonstrated. 3D-FDTD and a herein-developed phenomenological model derived from the standard coupled-mode theory were used to analyze the results. The highest light extraction gains were ∼8 times better than unpatterned reference structures, which were paired with short extraction lengths (between 2µm and 6µm depending on the acceptance angle) and directional light emission for square lattice of nanopillars with a lattice period of 400nm. The design guidelines set in this work could pave the way for the use of inorganic MQW epi-layer color converters to achieve full color microdisplays on a single wafer.
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