1
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Yin S, Weeks KN, Aponick A. Catalytic Enantioselective Alkyne Addition to Nitrones Enabled by Tunable Axially Chiral Imidazole-Based P,N-Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7185-7190. [PMID: 38446821 PMCID: PMC10962052 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although catalytic enantioselective alkyne addition is an established method for the synthesis of chiral propargylic alcohols and amines, addition to nitrones presents unique challenges, and no general chiral catalyst system has been developed. In this manuscript, we report the first Cu-catalyzed enantioselective alkyne addition to nitrones utilizing tunable axially chiral imidazole-based P,N-ligands. Our approach effectively overcomes difficulties in both reactivity and selectivity, resulting in a simple Cu-catalyzed protocol. The reaction accommodates a wide range of nitrones and alkynes, enabling the streamlined synthesis of chiral propargyl N-hydroxylamines via the enantioselective C-C bond formation. A diverse array of optically active nitrogen-containing compounds, including chiral hydroxylamines, can be accessed directly through facile transformations of the reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkang Yin
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kendall N Weeks
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Wei C, Zhou Z, Pang GL, Liang C, Mo DL. Cinchonidine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanones from N-Aryl- α,β-unsaturated Nitrones and 1-Ethynylnaphthalen-2-ols. Org Lett 2022; 24:4104-4108. [PMID: 35658450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of oxazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanone derivatives were prepared in good yields through a cinchonidine-catalyzed cascade reaction of N-aryl-α,β-unsaturated nitrones and 1-ethynylnaphthalen-2-ols. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction undergoes a [4 + 3] cycloaddition of nitrones to vinylidene o-quinone methide generated in situ from 1-ethynylnaphthalen-2-ols in the presence of cinchonidine, 1,3-rearrangement of N-O vinyl moieties, ring-opening, and finally double intramolecular cyclizations to afford oxazabicyclo[4.2.1]nonanones over five steps in a one-pot reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guang-Li Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Cui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin 541004, China
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3
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Gerster H, Keim M, Maas G. Iminium-substituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles: synthesis from acetylenic iminium salts and nitrones, and some transformations. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Iminium-functionalized 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles (4-isoxazolines) were prepared in high yields by [3+2] cycloaddition of N-methyl-C-phenylnitrone and acetylenic iminium salts. Conversion of the very hygroscopic cycloadducts into neutral compounds was achieved by hydrolysis or hydride reduction of the iminium functional group. By a thermal rearrangement, the cycloadducts were converted into 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazolium salts. With C,N-diphenylnitrone as the reaction partner, the expected cycloadduct, a [(2,3-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl)-1-(phenyl)methylene]-N,N-dimethylammonium triflate, could be prepared at −75°C and was characterized by NMR. This product was found to be thermally unstable above −30°C, being converted into an inseparable product mixture. Basic hydrolysis of this mixture afforded a structurally interesting acyclic enaminone/half-aminal, which is likely derived from a 2,3-dihydro-1,3-oxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Gerster
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Michael Keim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
| | - Gerhard Maas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Ulm University , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 , D-89081 Ulm , Germany
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4
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Dikošová L, Laceková J, Záborský O, Fischer R. Synthesis of 3-substituted isoxazolidin-4-ols using hydroboration-oxidation reactions of 4,5-unsubstituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1313-1319. [PMID: 32595779 PMCID: PMC7308612 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoxazolidines represent a very important class of N/O-containing heterocycles used as the key intermediates in the synthesis of more complex cyclic and acyclic compounds, including various biologically active molecules. Here, we present a fast and highly stereoselective approach towards both C-3/4-cis and C-3/4-trans isomers of 3-substituted isoxazolidin-4-ols. The strategy relies on a highly regio- and trans-stereoselective hydroboration-oxidation reaction of the 4,5-unsubstituted 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles with basic hydrogen peroxide. The consecutive oxidation/reduction route, sequentially employing Dess-Martin periodinane and ʟ-selectride, is used for the inversion of the C-3/4-trans relative configuration of the isoxazolidine ring. The significance of the method lies in its variability and applicability to a concise synthesis of various 4-hydroxyisoxazolidines, starting from the readily available C-alkyl/aryl-nitrones. The resemblance to 3-hydroxypyrrolidines certainly makes the 4-hydroxyisoxazolidines important and valuable structural fragments in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Dikošová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Júlia Laceková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Záborský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Fischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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5
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Angyal A, Demjén A, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Acid-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2 H-Azirines with Nitrones: An Unexpected Access to 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3587-3595. [PMID: 32020808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2H-azirines with nitrones, a straightforward approach toward the regioselective synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles, is reported. This trifluoroacetic acid-catalyzed protocol tolerates a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic substrates, offering an efficient access to highly diverse, multisubstituted imidazoles in isolated yields up to 83% under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Angyal
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Iván Kanizsai
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó kikötő sor 11/D, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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6
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Ueno M, Miyoshi N, Hanada K, Kobayashi S. Three‐Component, One‐Pot Tandem Sonogashira/Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of a Library of Ceramide‐Transport Protein Inhibitors Designed In Silico. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Ueno
- Department of Chemistry School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and ScienceTokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Norikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Natural Science Graduate School of Advanced Technology and ScienceTokushima University 2-1 Minami-jousanjima Tokushima 770-8506 Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell BiologyNational Institute of Infectious Diseases 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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7
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Shinoda M, Morita N, Tanaka Iii K, Hashimoto Y, Ban S, Tamura O. Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of a Compound with an Unprecedented Skeleton: Dodecahydro-4,10:5,9-diepoxydipyrrolo[3,4-b:3',4'-f][1,5]diazocine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:1238-1243. [PMID: 33268656 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N-(2-{[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]imino}ethyl)-4-methyl-N-(3-phenylprop-2-yn-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (6b) with BF3·OEt2 afforded a compound with an unprecedented dodecahydro-4,10 : 5,9-diepoxydipyrrolo[3,4-b:3',4'-f][1,5]diazocine skeleton (7) after aqueous work-up. The formation mechanism of meso-7 appears to involve dimerization of the hydrated forms (6aS)-C and (6aR)-C of the initial racemic product 9 via cation B generated by facile protonation at the C3a position of 9. Extensive computational studies revealed that the driving force of the facile hydration of 9 is probably release of the ring strain of 9, which arises in part from the bent sp2-hybridized C3a carbon.
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8
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Messire G, Massicot F, Vallée A, Vasse JL, Behr JB. Aza-Henry Reaction with Nitrones, an Under-Explored Transformation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gatien Messire
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims; CNRS, UMR 7312, FR CNRS 3417; 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Fabien Massicot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims; CNRS, UMR 7312, FR CNRS 3417; 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Alexis Vallée
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims; CNRS, UMR 7312, FR CNRS 3417; 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-Luc Vasse
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims; CNRS, UMR 7312, FR CNRS 3417; 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
| | - Jean-Bernard Behr
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne; Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims; CNRS, UMR 7312, FR CNRS 3417; 51687 Reims Cedex 2 France
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9
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Zou N, Jiao JW, Feng Y, Pan CX, Liang C, Su GF, Mo DL. Iron(III)/Copper(II)-Cocatalyzed Cycloaddition/[3,3]-Rearrangement/N–O Bond Cleavage To Prepare Polysubstituted Pyrrolizines from N-Vinyl-α,β-Unsaturated Nitrones and Activated Alkynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:481-485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ji-Wen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Cui Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yu Cai Road, Guilin, 541004, China
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10
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Li J, Zhang M, Huang S, Ding Y, Hu A. Concurrent Radical Addition and [3+2] Cycloaddition between Nitrones and Maleimide-Based Acyclic Enediynes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 China
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11
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Ding TH, Xiao ZF, Qu JP, Kang YB. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Indoles and Indolones via Selectivity-Switchable Olefinations. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2467-2472. [PMID: 29377692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized indoles and indolones were prepared via selectivity-switchable mono- or diolefinations. The Julia olefination of the products followed by a Brønsted acid-prompted cyclization afforded indolones, whereas the indoles were obtained by a sequential Wittig olefination and electrocyclization. This method opens divergent access to highly functionalized nitrogen-containing bicyclic or tricyclic heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hui Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zu-Feng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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12
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Jang GS, Lee J, Seo J, Woo SK. Synthesis of 4-Isoxazolines via Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Oxaziridines with Alkynes. Org Lett 2017; 19:6448-6451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Seok Jang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Junggeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Jungseok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Woo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Korea
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13
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Tangara S, Kanazawa A, Py S. The Baldwin Rearrangement: Synthesis of 2-Acylaziridines. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salia Tangara
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM; CNRS; 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Sandrine Py
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; DCM; CNRS; 38000 Grenoble France
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14
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Xiao ZF, Ding TH, Mao SW, Shah Z, Ning XS, Kang YB. Iridium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Isoxazolines and Alkenes: Divergent Access to Pyrrolidines, Pyrroles, and Carbazoles. Org Lett 2016; 18:5672-5675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Feng Xiao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Ting-Hui Ding
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Mao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zaher Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Ning
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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15
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Zhang XW, Xiao ZF, Wang MM, Zhuang YJ, Kang YB. Transition-metal-free oxychlorination of alkenyl oximes: in situ generated radicals with tert-butyl nitrite. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7275-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01374k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient transition-metal-free radical oxychlorination of alkenyl oximes with t-BuONO has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zu-Feng Xiao
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Mei-Mei Wang
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhuang
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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