1
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Mayner E, Ronceray N, Lihter M, Chen TH, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Radenovic A. Monitoring Electrochemical Dynamics through Single-Molecule Imaging of hBN Surface Emitters in Organic Solvents. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39321411 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques conventionally lack spatial resolution and average local information over an entire electrode. While advancements in spatial resolution have been made through scanning probe methods, monitoring dynamics over large areas is still challenging, and it would be beneficial to be able to decouple the probe from the electrode itself. In this work, we leverage single molecule microscopy to spatiotemporally monitor analyte surface concentrations over a wide area using unmodified hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in organic solvents. Through a sensing scheme based on redox-active species interactions with fluorescent emitters at the surface of hBN, we observe a region of a linear decrease in the number of emitters against increasingly positive potentials applied to a nearby electrode. We find consistent trends in electrode reaction kinetics vs overpotentials between potentiostat-reported currents and optically read emitter dynamics, showing Tafel slopes greater than 290 mV·decade-1. Finally, we draw on the capabilities of spectral single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to monitor the fluorescent species' identity, enabling multiplexed readout. Overall, we show dynamic measurements of analyte concentration gradients on a micrometer-length scale with nanometer-scale depth and precision. Considering the many scalable options for engineering fluorescent emitters with two-dimensional (2D) materials, our method holds promise for optically detecting a range of interacting species with exceptional localization precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Mayner
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBEN BM, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Ronceray
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBEN BM, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Martina Lihter
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBEN BM, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Bijenicka 46, Zagreb HR-10000, Croatia
| | - Tzu-Heng Chen
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBEN BM, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IBI-STI LBEN BM, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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2
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Savinov SA, Kolomiets TY, Bi D, Sychev VV. Salt-coated air oxidation nanodiamond surface purification with a photoluminescence spectroscopy quality control. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:495702. [PMID: 39292051 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Emerging fields of quantum technologies and biomedical applications demand pure nanodiamonds (NDs) with well-defined surface chemistry. Therefore, an inexpensive, scalable and eco-friendly ND surface purification technology is required. In this study, we report our method, salt-coated air oxidation (SCAO) thermal annealing, to achieve uniform purification of a ND surface without the loss of diamond material. A photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy quality control method is proposed to evaluate the degree of purification. The presence of an isoemission point in the set of nitrogen vacancy (NV) center PL spectra, obtained through the photochromic effect, is examined as a surface purity indicator. The ratio of the NV centers in NDs after the SCAO treatment was determined by decomposing the PL spectra using the non-negative matrix factorization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Savinov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - T Yu Kolomiets
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dongxue Bi
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, People's Republic of China
| | - V V Sychev
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Gabrielle Sutanto L, Sabilla S, Wardhana BY, Ramadani A, Sari AP, Anjani QK, Basirun WJ, Amrillah T, Amalina I, Jiwanti PK. Carbon nanomaterials as electrochemical sensors for theophylline: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28927-28942. [PMID: 39263434 PMCID: PMC11388037 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03585b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Theophylline (TP) is a methylxanthine derivative, which serves as a valuable compound in treating respiratory disorders and acts as a bronchodilator agent. However, TP has a limited therapeutic range (20-100 μmol L-1), demanding precise monitoring to prevent potential drug toxicity even with slight level fluctuations during treatment. Thus, to overcome this limitation, electrochemical methods have been extensively used due to their efficacy in achieving sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy. In the context of electrochemical sensors, nanocarbon-based materials have gained widespread recognition for their extensive applications. Therefore, this review aims to explore the latest advancements in carbon-based electrodes particularly used for the precise determination of TP through electrochemical methods. The results are expected to provide insights into the profound significance of the methods in enhancing the accuracy and sensitivity for the detection of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurencia Gabrielle Sutanto
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Syarifa Sabilla
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Brasstira Yuva Wardhana
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Anggi Ramadani
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Anis Puspita Sari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
| | - Wan Jeffrey Basirun
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center (NANOCAT), University Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Tahta Amrillah
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Ilma Amalina
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Prastika Krisma Jiwanti
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
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4
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Shimada T, Ueda Y, Baba Y, Yukawa H. Advances of Fluorescent Nanodiamond Platforms for Intracellular and On-Chip Biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:340. [PMID: 39056616 PMCID: PMC11274460 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular sensing of physical and chemical variables is important for disease diagnosis and the understanding of cellular biology. Optical sensing utilizing fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) is promising for probing intracellular and extracellular variables owing to their biocompatibility, photostability, and sensitivity to physicochemical quantities. Based on the potential of FNDs, we outlined the optical properties, biocompatibility, surface chemistry of FNDs and their applications in intracellular biosensing. This review also introduces biosensing platforms that combine FNDs and lab-on-a-chip approaches to control the extracellular environment and improve sample/reagent handling and sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Shimada
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yasuyuki Ueda
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.B.)
- Research Institute for Quantum and Chemical Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Development of Quantum-Nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (Y.U.); (Y.B.)
- Research Institute for Quantum and Chemical Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Development of Quantum-Nano Cancer Photoimmunotherapy for Clinical Application of Refractory Cancer, Nagoya University, Tsurumai 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Nagoya University Institute for Advanced Research, Advanced Analytical and Diagnostic Imaging Center (AADIC)/Medical Engineering Unit (MEU), B3 Unit, Tsurumai-cho 65, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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5
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Frazão G, Pezzutto M, Omar Y, Zambrini Cruzeiro E, Gherardini S. Coherence-Enhanced Single-Qubit Thermometry out of Equilibrium. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:568. [PMID: 39056930 PMCID: PMC11275457 DOI: 10.3390/e26070568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The metrological limits of thermometry operated in nonequilibrium dynamical regimes are analyzed. We consider a finite-dimensional quantum system, employed as a quantum thermometer, in contact with a thermal bath inducing Markovian thermalization dynamics. The quantum thermometer is initialized in a generic quantum state, possibly including quantum coherence with respect to the Hamiltonian basis. We prove that the precision of the thermometer, quantified by the Quantum Fisher Information, is enhanced by the quantum coherence in its initial state. We analytically show this in the specific case of qubit thermometers for which the maximization of the Quantum Fisher Information occurs at a finite time during the transient thermalization dynamics. Such a finite-time precision enhancement can be better than the precision that is achieved asymptotically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Frazão
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Pezzutto
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Physics of Information and Quantum Technologies Group, Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- PQI—Portuguese Quantum Institute, 1600-531 Lisboa, Portugal
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Yasser Omar
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Physics of Information and Quantum Technologies Group, Centro de Física e Engenharia de Materiais Avançados (CeFEMA), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- PQI—Portuguese Quantum Institute, 1600-531 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Stefano Gherardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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6
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Sturari S, Andreana I, Aprà P, Bincoletto V, Kopecka J, Mino L, Zurletti B, Stella B, Riganti C, Arpicco S, Picollo F. Designing functionalized nanodiamonds with hyaluronic acid-phospholipid conjugates for enhanced cancer cell targeting and fluorescence imaging capabilities. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11610-11622. [PMID: 38855987 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine aims to develop smart approaches for treating cancer and other diseases to improve patient survival and quality of life. Novel nanoparticles as nanodiamonds (NDs) represent promising candidates to overcome current limitations. In this study, NDs were functionalized with a 200 kDa hyaluronic acid-phospholipid conjugate (HA/DMPE), enhancing the stability of the nanoparticles in water-based solutions and selectivity for cancer cells overexpressing specific HA cluster determinant 44 (CD44) receptors. These nanoparticles were characterized by diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, confirming the efficacy of the functionalization process. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to evaluate the size distribution of the dry particles, while dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements were utilized to evaluate ND behavior in a water-based medium. Furthermore, the ND biocompatibility and uptake mediated by CD44 receptors in three different models of human adenocarcinoma cells were assessed by performing cytofluorimetric assay and confocal microscopy. HA-functionalized nanodiamonds demonstrated the advantage of active targeting in the presence of cancer cells expressing CD44 on the surface, suggesting higher drug delivery to tumors over non-tumor tissues. Even CD44-poorly expressing cancers could be targeted by the NDs, thanks to their good passive diffusion within cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sturari
- Department of Physics, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy.
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sect. Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Andreana
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Pietro Aprà
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sect. Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Bincoletto
- NIS Inter-Departmental Centre, via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mino
- NIS Inter-Departmental Centre, via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zurletti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Federico Picollo
- Department of Physics, University of Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy.
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sect. Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- NIS Inter-Departmental Centre, via G. Quarello 15/a, 10135 Torino, Italy
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7
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Ding S, Li Z, Guo J, Zhang N, Gao X, Lu H. Deep polarization of the ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds induced by an Airy beam with a long focal depth. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:21671-21680. [PMID: 38859516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state spin systems with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds constitute an increasingly popular platform for quantum sensing. However, most existing platforms designed with ensemble NV centers exhibit a sensitivity that is significantly less than the theoretical maximum. This low sensitivity limits the expansion of the experimental results and application areas. In this study, the sensitivity is improved by increasing the pumping depth of the excitation beam to increase the number of particles involved in spin polarization at a given laser intensity. Compared with the proposed Airy beam with a long focal depth (25.46 λ) and the widely utilized Gauss beam pumping ensemble NV centers, the spin resonance factor fSR can be improved by 10.02%. This sensitivity-optimized approach enhances the functionality of sensors with NV centers.
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8
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Rikiyama K, Maehara N, Abe H, Nishimura Y, Yukawa H, Kaminaga K, Igarashi R, Osada K. Quantification of Poly(ethylene glycol) Crowding on Nanodiamonds toward Quantum Biosensor for Improved Prevention Effects on Protein Adsorption and Lung Accumulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9471-9480. [PMID: 38649324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized diamonds (NDs) containing nitrogen vacancy centers have garnered significant attention as potential quantum sensors for reading various types of physicochemical information in vitro and in vivo. However, NDs intrinsically aggregate when placed in biological environments, hampering their sensing capacities. To address this issue, the grafting of hydrophilic polymers onto the surface of NDs has been demonstrated considering their excellent ability to prevent protein adsorption. To this end, crowding of the grafted chains plays a crucial role because it is directly associated with the antiadsorption effect of proteins; however, its quantitative evaluation has not been reported previously. In this study, we graft poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with various molecular weights onto NDs, determine their crowding using a gas adsorption technique, and disclose the cross-correlation between the pH in the grafting reaction, crowding density, molecular weight, and the prevention effect on protein adsorption. PEG-grafted NDs exhibit a pronounced effect on the prevention of lung accumulation after intravenous injection in mice. PEG crowding was compared to that calculated by using a diameter determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) assuming a sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Rikiyama
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nanami Maehara
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yushi Nishimura
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kaminaga
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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9
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Alexander E, Leong KW. Nanodiamonds in biomedical research: Therapeutic applications and beyond. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae198. [PMID: 38983694 PMCID: PMC11231952 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) comprise a family of carbon-based nanomaterials (i.e. diameter <100 nm) with the same sp3 lattice structure that gives natural diamonds their exceptional hardness and electrical insulating properties. Among all carbon nanomaterials-e.g. carbon nanotubes, nanodots, and fullerenes-NDs are of particular interest for biomedical applications because they offer high biocompatibility, stability in vivo, and a dynamic surface chemistry that can be manipulated to perform a seemingly limitless variety of ultra-specific tasks. NDs are already deepening our understanding of basic biological processes, while numerous laboratories continue studying these nanomaterials with an aim of making seismic improvements in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. This review surveys approximately 2,000 the most recent articles published in the last 5 years and includes references to more than 150 of the most relevant publications on the biomedical applications of NDs. The findings are categorized by contemporary lines of investigation based on potential applications, namely: genetics and gene editing, drug delivery systems, neural interfacing, biomedical sensors, synthetic biology, and organ and tissue regeneration. This review also includes a brief background of NDs and the methods currently developed for their synthesis and preparation. Finally, recommendations for future investigations are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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10
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Lu Q, Vosberg B, Wang Z, Balasubramanian P, Sow M, Volkert C, Gonzalez Brouwer R, Lieberwirth I, Graf R, Jelezko F, Plenio MB, Wu Y, Weil T. Unraveling Eumelanin Radical Formation by Nanodiamond Optical Relaxometry in a Living Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7222-7232. [PMID: 38469853 PMCID: PMC10958502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Defect centers in a nanodiamond (ND) allow the detection of tiny magnetic fields in their direct surroundings, rendering them as an emerging tool for nanoscale sensing applications. Eumelanin, an abundant pigment, plays an important role in biology and material science. Here, for the first time, we evaluate the comproportionation reaction in eumelanin by detecting and quantifying semiquinone radicals through the nitrogen-vacancy color center. A thin layer of eumelanin is polymerized on the surface of nanodiamonds (NDs), and depending on the environmental conditions, such as the local pH value, near-infrared, and ultraviolet light irradiation, the radicals form and react in situ. By combining experiments and theoretical simulations, we quantify the local number and kinetics of free radicals in the eumelanin layer. Next, the ND sensor enters the cells via endosomal vesicles. We quantify the number of radicals formed within the eumelanin layer in these acidic compartments by applying optical relaxometry measurements. In the future, we believe that the ND quantum sensor could provide valuable insights into the chemistry of eumelanin, which could contribute to the understanding and treatment of eumelanin- and melanin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Berlind Vosberg
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and
Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Key
Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry
of Education), and School of Physics, South
China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials,
and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Priyadharshini Balasubramanian
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maabur Sow
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carla Volkert
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Raul Gonzalez Brouwer
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and
Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yingke Wu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Ebrahimi AM, Gawlik W, Wojciechowski AM, Rajfur Z. Cell-particles interaction - selective uptake and transport of microdiamonds. Commun Biol 2024; 7:318. [PMID: 38480800 PMCID: PMC10937934 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diamond particles have recently emerged as novel agents in cellular studies because of their superb biocompatibility. Their unique characteristics, including small size and the presence of fluorescent color centers, stimulate many important applications. However, the mechanism of interaction between cells and diamond particles-uptake, transport, and final localization within cells-is not yet fully understood. Herein, we show a novel, to the best of our knowledge, cell behavior wherein cells actively target and uptake diamond particles rather than latex beads from their surroundings, followed by their active transport within cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that myosin-X is involved in cell-particle interaction, while myosin-II does not participate in particle uptake and transport. These results can have important implications for drug delivery and improve sensing methods that use diamond particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin M Ebrahimi
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gawlik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam M Wojciechowski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zenon Rajfur
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Jagiellonian Center of Biomedical Imaging, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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12
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Wang W, Liu L, Zhu J, Xing Y, Jiao S, Wu Z. AI-Enhanced Visual-Spectral Synergy for Fast and Ultrasensitive Biodetection of Breast Cancer-Related miRNAs. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6266-6275. [PMID: 38252138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In biomedical testing, artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced analysis has gradually been applied to the diagnosis of certain diseases. This research employs AI algorithms to refine the precision of integrative detection, encompassing both visual results and fluorescence spectra from lateral flow assays (LFAs), which signal the presence of cancer-linked miRNAs. Specifically, the color shift of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is paired with the red fluorescence from nitrogen vacancy color centers (NV-centers) in fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) and is integrated into LFA strips. While GNPs amplify the fluorescence of FNDs, in turn, FNDs enhance the color intensity of GNPs. This reciprocal intensification of fluorescence and color can be synergistically augmented with AI algorithms, thereby improving the detection sensitivity for early diagnosis. Supported by the detection platform based on this strategy, the fastest detection results with a limit of detection (LOD) at the fM level and the R2 value of ∼0.9916 for miRNA can be obtained within 5 min. Meanwhile, by labeling the capture probes for miRNA-21 and miRNA-96 (both of which are early indicators of breast cancer) on separate T-lines, simultaneous detection of them can be achieved. The miRNA detection methods employed in this study may potentially be applied in the future for the early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlong Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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13
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Majer J, Kindermann M, Pinkas D, Chvatil D, Cigler P, Libusova L. Cellular uptake and fate of cationic polymer-coated nanodiamonds delivering siRNA: a mechanistic study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2490-2503. [PMID: 38197438 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Gene silencing using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a selective and promising approach for treatment of numerous diseases. However, broad applications of siRNAs are compromised by their low stability in a biological environment and limited ability to penetrate cells. Nanodiamonds (NDs) coated with cationic polymers can enable cellular delivery of siRNAs. Recently, we developed a new type of ND coating based on a random copolymer consisting of (2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (DMAEMA) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) monomers. These hybrid ND-polymer particles (Cop+-FND) provide near-infrared fluorescence, form stable complexes with siRNA in serum, show low toxicity, and effectively deliver siRNA into cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we present data on the mechanism of cellular uptake and cell trafficking of Cop+-FND : siRNA complexes and their ability to selectively suppress mRNA levels, as well as their cytotoxicity, viability and colloidal stability. We identified clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the predominant entry mechanism for Cop+-FND : siRNA into U-2 OS human bone osteosarcoma cells, with a substantial fraction of Cop+-FND : siRNA following the lysosome pathway. Cop+-FND : siRNA potently inhibited the target GAPDH gene with negligible toxicity and sufficient colloidal stability. Based on our results, we suggest that Cop+-FND : siRNA can serve as a suitable in vivo delivery system for siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Majer
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czechia.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Marek Kindermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Dominik Pinkas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility of the Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czechia
| | - David Chvatil
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, 250 68 Husinec-Rez 130, Czechia
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo namesti 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Lenka Libusova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague 2, 128 00, Czechia.
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14
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Ma S, Zhao Y, Li H, Farla R, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Zhao X, Huang Y, Liu Y, Bao K, Yang B, Yang X, Zhu P, Tao Q, Cui T. Self-Catalyzed Hydrogenated Carbon Nano-Onions Facilitates Mild Synthesis of Transparent Nano-Polycrystalline Diamond. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305512. [PMID: 37759410 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Transparent nano-polycrystalline diamond (t-NPD) possesses superior mechanical properties compared to single and traditional polycrystalline diamonds. However, the harsh synthetic conditions significantly limit its synthesis and applications. In this study, a synthesis routine is presented for t-NPD under low pressure and low temperature conditions, 10 GPa, 1600 °C and 15 GPa, 1350 °C similar with the synthesis condition of organic precursor. Self-catalyzed hydrogenated carbon nano-onions (HCNOs) from the combustion of naphthalene enable synthesis under nearly industrial conditions, which are like organic precursor and much lower than that of graphite and other carbon allotropes. This is made possible thanks to the significant impact of hydrogen on the thermodynamics, as it chemically facilitates phase transition. Ubiquitous nanotwinned structures are observed throughout t-NPD due to the high concentration of puckered layers and stacking faults of HCNOs, which impart a Vickers hardness about 140 GPa. This high hardness and optical transparency can be attributed to the nanocrystalline grain size, thin intergranular films, absence of secondary phase and pore-free features. The facile and industrial-scale synthesis of the HCNOs precursor, and mild synthesis conditions make t-NPD suitable for a wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailing Ma
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Scientific and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100094, China
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse, 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100094, China
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse, 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hailong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Department of Physics at Interfaces, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Farla
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse, 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xingbin Zhao
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Scientific and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Scientific and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Scientific and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Kuo Bao
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xigui Yang
- Henan Key laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Mistry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pinwen Zhu
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qiang Tao
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tian Cui
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Scientific and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- Synergetic Extreme Condition High-Pressure Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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15
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Mokhtari M, Khoshbakht S, Ziyaei K, Akbari ME, Moravveji SS. New classifications for quantum bioinformatics: Q-bioinformatics, QCt-bioinformatics, QCg-bioinformatics, and QCr-bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae074. [PMID: 38446742 PMCID: PMC10939336 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics has revolutionized biology and medicine by using computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data. Quantum mechanics has recently emerged as a promising tool for the analysis of biological systems, leading to the development of quantum bioinformatics. This new field employs the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum algorithms, and quantum computing to solve complex problems in molecular biology, drug design, and protein folding. However, the intersection of bioinformatics, biology, and quantum mechanics presents unique challenges. One significant challenge is the possibility of confusion among scientists between quantum bioinformatics and quantum biology, which have similar goals and concepts. Additionally, the diverse calculations in each field make it difficult to establish boundaries and identify purely quantum effects from other factors that may affect biological processes. This review provides an overview of the concepts of quantum biology and quantum mechanics and their intersection in quantum bioinformatics. We examine the challenges and unique features of this field and propose a classification of quantum bioinformatics to promote interdisciplinary collaboration and accelerate progress. By unlocking the full potential of quantum bioinformatics, this review aims to contribute to our understanding of quantum mechanics in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mokhtari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Samane Khoshbakht
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine-Cardiology, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Kobra Ziyaei
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Sayyed Sajjad Moravveji
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
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16
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Alessio A, Bernardi E, Moreva E, Degiovanni IP, Genovese M, Truccato M. Limitations of Bulk Diamond Sensors for Single-Cell Thermometry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:200. [PMID: 38203062 PMCID: PMC10781228 DOI: 10.3390/s24010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The present paper reports on a Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis of the experimental situation corresponding to the measurement of the temperature variation in a single cell plated on bulk diamond by means of optical techniques. Starting from previous experimental results, we have determined-in a uniform power density approximation and under steady-state conditions-the total heat power that has to be dissipated by a single cell plated on a glassy substrate in order to induce the typical maximum temperature increase ΔTglass=1 K. While keeping all of the other parameters constant, the glassy substrate has been replaced by a diamond plate. The FEM analysis shows that, in this case, the maximum temperature increase is expected at the diamond/cell interface and is as small as ΔTdiam=4.6×10-4 K. We have also calculated the typical decay time in the transient scenario, which resulted in τ≈ 250 μs. By comparing these results with the state-of-the-art sensitivity values, we prove that the potential advantages of a longer coherence time, better spectral properties, and the use of special field alignments do not justify the use of diamond substrates in their bulk form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alessio
- Physics Department, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Ettore Bernardi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Moreva
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Ivo Pietro Degiovanni
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Genovese
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Truccato
- Physics Department, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Turin, Italy
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17
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Li H, Sheng W, Haruna SA, Hassan MM, Chen Q. Recent advances in rare earth ion-doped upconversion nanomaterials: From design to their applications in food safety analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3732-3764. [PMID: 37548602 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The misuse of chemicals in agricultural systems and food production leads to an increase in contaminants in food, which ultimately has adverse effects on human health. This situation has prompted a demand for sophisticated detection technologies with rapid and sensitive features, as concerns over food safety and quality have grown around the globe. The rare earth ion-doped upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based sensor has emerged as an innovative and promising approach for detecting and analyzing food contaminants due to its superior photophysical properties, including low autofluorescence background, deep penetration of light, low toxicity, and minimal photodamage to the biological samples. The aim of this review was to discuss an outline of the applications of UCNPs to detect contaminants in food matrices, with particular attention on the determination of heavy metals, pesticides, pathogenic bacteria, mycotoxins, and antibiotics. The review briefly discusses the mechanism of upconversion (UC) luminescence, the synthesis, modification, functionality of UCNPs, as well as the detection principles for the design of UC biosensors. Furthermore, because current UCNP research on food safety detection is still at an early stage, this review identifies several bottlenecks that must be overcome in UCNPs and discusses the future prospects for its application in the field of food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Suleiman A Haruna
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, P. R. China
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18
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Jung HS, Cho KJ, Joo S, Lee M, Kim MY, Kwon IH, Song NW, Shim JH, Neuman KC. Mesoporous Polydopamine-Encapsulated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds: A Versatile Platform for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:33425-33436. [PMID: 37341540 PMCID: PMC10361080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are versatile nanomaterials with promising properties. However, efficient functionalization of FNDs for biomedical applications remains challenging. In this study, we demonstrate mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) encapsulation of FNDs. The mPDA shell is generated by sequential formation of micelles via self-assembly of Pluronic F127 (F127) with 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (TMB) and composite micelles via oxidation and self-polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride (DA). The surface of the mPDA shell can be readily functionalized with thiol-terminated methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG-SH), hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). The PEGylated FND@mPDA particles are efficiently taken up by, and employed as a fluorescent imaging probe for, HeLa cells. HPG-functionalized FND@mPDA is conjugated with an amino-terminated oligonucleotide to detect microRNA via hybridization. Finally, the increased surface area of the mPDA shell permits efficient loading of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Further modification with TPGS increases drug delivery efficiency, resulting in high toxicity to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Sung Jung
- Laboratory
of Single Molecule Biophysics, National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Quantum
Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Data
Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwa Joo
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Myeong Yun Kim
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ik Hwan Kwon
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Nam Woong Song
- Quantum
Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Quantum
Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Applied Measurement Science, University
of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory
of Single Molecule Biophysics, National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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19
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Sotoma S, Abe H, Miyanoiri Y, Ohshima T, Harada Y. Highly Dispersed 3C Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles with a Polydopamine/Polyglycerol Shell for Versatile Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21413-21424. [PMID: 37071076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles containing lattice defects are attracting considerable attention as next-generation imaging probes and quantum sensors for visualizing and sensing life activities. However, SiC nanoparticles are not currently used in biomedical applications because of the lack of technology for controlling their physicochemical properties. Therefore, in this study, SiC nanoparticles are deaggregated, surface-coated, functionalized, and selectively labeled to biomolecules of interest. A thermal-oxidation chemical-etching method is developed for deaggregating and producing a high yield of dispersed metal-contaminant-free SiC nanoparticles. We further demonstrated a polydopamine coating with controllable thickness that can be used as a platform for decorating gold nanoparticles on the surface, enabling photothermal application. We also demonstrated a polyglycerol coating, which gives excellent dispersity to SiC nanoparticles. Furthermore, a single-pot method is developed to produce mono/multifunctional polyglycerol-modified SiC nanoparticles. Using this method, CD44 proteins on cell surfaces are selectively labeled through biotin-mediated immunostaining. The methods developed in this study are fundamental for applying SiC nanoparticles to biomedical applications and should considerably accelerate the development of various SiC nanoparticles to exploit their potential applications in bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sotoma
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyanoiri
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Dadhich BK, Panda B, Sidhu MS, Singh KP. Nanodiamonds enable femtosecond-processed ultrathin glass as a hybrid quantum sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6286. [PMID: 37072395 PMCID: PMC10113221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantum properties of fluorescent nanodiamonds offer great promise for fabricating quantum-enabled devices for physical applications. However, the nanodiamonds need to be suitably combined with a substrate to exploit their properties. Here, we show that ultrathin and flexible glass (thickness 30 microns) can be functionalized by nanodiamonds and nano-shaped using intense femtosecond pulses to design cantilever-based nanomechanical hybrid quantum sensors. Thus fabricated ultrathin glass cantilevers show stable optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers, including well-defined fluorescence with zero-phonon lines and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) near 2.87 GHz. We demonstrate several sensing applications of the fluorescent ultrathin glass cantilever by measuring acoustic pulses, external magnetic field using Zeeman splitting of the NV centers, or CW laser-induced heating by measuring thermal shifting of ODMR lines. This work demonstrates the suitability of the femtosecond-processed fluorescent ultrathin glass as a new versatile substrate for multifunctional quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh K Dadhich
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Biswajit Panda
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Mehra S Sidhu
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
- Dept. of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Kamal P Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India.
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21
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Leung HM, Chu HC, Mao ZW, Lo PK. Versatile nanodiamond-based tools for therapeutics and bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2039-2055. [PMID: 36723092 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity to biomolecules and biocompatibility. These attractive features make NDs versatile tools for a wide range of biologically relevant applications. In this feature article, we discuss the opto-magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centres in NDs as fluorescence probes. We further discuss the frequently used chemical methods for surface chemistry modification of NDs which are relevant for biomedical applications. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of modified NDs is also highlighted. Subsequently, we give an overview of recent state-of-the-art biomedical applications of NDs as versatile tools for bioimaging and detection, and as targeting nanocarriers for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, and bone tissue engineering. Finally, we pinpoint the main challenges for NDs in biomedical applications which lie ahead and discuss perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for practical applications and clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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22
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Komatsu N. Poly(Glycerol)-Based Biomedical Nanodevices Constructed by Functional Programming on Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Nanomedicine. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:106-116. [PMID: 36602954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is promising to improve conventional cancer medicine by making diagnosis and therapy more accurate and more effective in a more personalized manner. A key of the cancer nanomedicine is construction of medical nanodevices by programming various requisite functions to nanoparticles (NPs). As compared to that of soft NPs, including organic micelles and polymers, fabrication of an inorganic NP based nanodevice is still challenging; the approved nanoformulations have been confined to the limited number of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs). The major challenges lie in how to program the requisite functions to inorganic NPs. In spite the much denser and less hydrophilic properties of inorganic NPs, most of the following functions have to be programmed for their in vivo applications: (A) high dispersibility in a physiological environment, (B) high stealth efficiency to slip through the trap by liver and spleen, (C) high targeting efficiency to cancer tissue, (D) clear visualization of cancer for diagnosis, and (E) high anticancer activity for treatment.In our approach, poly(glycerol) (PG), containing a hydroxy group at every monomer unit, was found as a better alternative to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the most commonly used hydrophilic polymer, giving (A) high dispersibility to inorganic NPs. Although most of the inorganic NPs are not dense in functional groups, the hyperbranched structure with many hydroxy groups in PG turns the less functional surface into highly functional one, imparting not only good hydrophilicity but also (B) high stealth efficiency as we reported recently. In addition, a number of hydroxy groups in PG afford the structural or functional extensibility to introduce the additional layer or function. This enables us to design and construct a three-layer architecture consisting of a core inorganic NP, a hydrophilic and stealthy PG layer, and a functional molecule layer, where their interfaces are connected firmly by covalent bonds. The three-layered nanodevice is very flexible in its design for the following reasons: The PG coating can be applied to a wide variety of inorganic NPs with various functions, and various functional moieties can be introduced on the PG layer as a functional molecule layer. Owing to the versatility of the three-layer model, the rest of the above functions (C)-(E) can be programed in the NP core and/or the outmost layer in nanodevices.In this Account, the author described first the methodology for precise construction and quantitative characterization of various biomedical nanodevices. This fundamental aspect of this research has been achieved by "applying organic chemistry to nanomaterials" which is the concept of our research. That is, the rich chemistry in synthesis and characterization of organic compounds has been applied to the nanodevice fabrication and characterization. Second, evaluation of the functions programmed in the nanodevices is described in terms of stealth and targeting efficiencies, cancer diagnosis and therapy, and biomedical sensing. This stage in our research made us more interdisciplinary from chemistry and nanoscience to biology and medicine. The following research spiral has been established in our group to strongly promote the improvement of our biomedical nanodevices; nanodevice design → precise construction → quantitative characterization → functional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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23
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Targeting EGFR and Monitoring Tumorigenesis of Human Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Using Nanodiamond-Conjugated Specific EGFR Antibody. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010111. [PMID: 36678740 PMCID: PMC9865332 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoprobes provide advantages for real-time monitoring of tumor markers and tumorigenesis during cancer progression and development. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key protein that plays crucial roles for tumorigenesis and cancer therapy of lung cancers. Here, we show a carbon-based nanoprobe, nanodiamond (ND), which can be applied for targeting EGFR and monitoring tumorigenesis of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The optimal fluorescent intensities of ND particles were observed in the human lung cancer cells and nude mice under in vivo imaging system. The fluorescence signal of ND particles can be real-time detected in the xenografted human lung tumor formation of nude mice. Moreover, the ND-conjugated specific EGFR antibody cetuximab (Cet) can track the location and distribution of EGFR proteins of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ND-Cet treatment increased cellular uptake ability of nanocomposites in the EGFR-expressed cells but not in the EGFR-negative lung cancer cells. Interestingly, single ND-Cet complex can be directly observed on the protein G bead by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Besides, the EGFR proteins were transported to lysosomes for degradation. Together, this study demonstrates that ND-conjugated Cet can apply for targeting EGFR and monitoring tumorigenesis during lung cancer progression and therapy.
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Abstract
Relaxometry is a technique which makes use of a specific crystal lattice defect in diamond, the so-called NV center. This defect consists of a nitrogen atom, which replaces a carbon atom in the diamond lattice, and an adjacent vacancy. NV centers allow converting magnetic noise into optical signals, which dramatically increases the sensitivity of the readout, allowing for nanoscale resolution. Analogously to T1 measurements in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relaxometry allows the detection of different concentrations of paramagnetic species. However, since relaxometry allows very local measurements, the detected signals are from nanoscale voxels around the NV centers. As a result, it is possible to achieve subcellular resolutions and organelle specific measurements.A relaxometry experiment starts with polarizing the spins of NV centers in the diamond lattice, using a strong laser pulse. Afterward the laser is switched off and the NV centers are allowed to stochastically decay into the equilibrium mix of different magnetic states. The polarized configuration exhibits stronger fluorescence than the equilibrium state, allowing one to optically monitor this transition and determine its rate. This process happens faster at higher levels of magnetic noise. Alternatively, it is possible to conduct T1 relaxation measurements from the dark to the bright equilibrium by applying a microwave pulse which brings NV centers into the -1 state instead of the 0 state. One can record a spectrum of T1 at varying strengths of the applied magnetic field. This technique is called cross-relaxometry. Apart from detecting magnetic signals, responsive coatings can be applied which render T1 sensitive to other parameters as pH, temperature, or electric field. Depending on the application there are three different ways to conduct relaxometry experiments: relaxometry in moving or stationary nanodiamonds, scanning magnetometry, and relaxometry in a stationary bulk diamond with a stationary sample on top.In this Account, we present examples for various relaxometry modes as well as their advantages and limitations. Due to the simplicity and low cost of the approach, relaxometry has been implemented in many different instruments and for a wide range of applications. Herein we review the progress that has been achieved in physics, chemistry, and biology. Many articles in this field have a proof-of-principle character, and the full potential of the technology still waits to be unfolded. With this Account, we would like to stimulate discourse on the future of relaxometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Mzyk
- Groningen
University, University Medical
Center Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands,Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Groningen
University, University Medical
Center Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Groningen
University, University Medical
Center Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands,
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25
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Petrini G, Tomagra G, Bernardi E, Moreva E, Traina P, Marcantoni A, Picollo F, Kvaková K, Cígler P, Degiovanni IP, Carabelli V, Genovese M. Nanodiamond-Quantum Sensors Reveal Temperature Variation Associated to Hippocampal Neurons Firing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202014. [PMID: 35876403 PMCID: PMC9534962 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most relevant parameters for the regulation of intracellular processes. Measuring localized subcellular temperature gradients is fundamental for a deeper understanding of cell function, such as the genesis of action potentials, and cell metabolism. Notwithstanding several proposed techniques, at the moment detection of temperature fluctuations at the subcellular level still represents an ongoing challenge. Here, for the first time, temperature variations (1 °C) associated with potentiation and inhibition of neuronal firing is detected, by exploiting a nanoscale thermometer based on optically detected magnetic resonance in nanodiamonds. The results demonstrate that nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds provide a tool for assessing various levels of neuronal spiking activity, since they are suitable for monitoring different temperature variations, respectively, associated with the spontaneous firing of hippocampal neurons, the disinhibition of GABAergic transmission and the silencing of the network. Conjugated with the high sensitivity of this technique (in perspective sensitive to < 0.1 °C variations), nanodiamonds pave the way to a systematic study of the generation of localized temperature gradients under physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, they prompt further studies explaining in detail the physiological mechanism originating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Petrini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca MetrologicaStrada delle cacce 91Torino10135Italy
- Physics Department, University of Torinovia P. Giuria 1Torino10125Italy
- Department of Drug and Science Technology, University of TorinoCorso Raffaello 30Torino10125Italy
| | - Giulia Tomagra
- Department of Drug and Science Technology, University of TorinoCorso Raffaello 30Torino10125Italy
- NIS Inter‐departmental Centrevia G. Quarello 15Torino10135Italy
| | - Ettore Bernardi
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca MetrologicaStrada delle cacce 91Torino10135Italy
| | - Ekaterina Moreva
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca MetrologicaStrada delle cacce 91Torino10135Italy
| | - Paolo Traina
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca MetrologicaStrada delle cacce 91Torino10135Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug and Science Technology, University of TorinoCorso Raffaello 30Torino10125Italy
- NIS Inter‐departmental Centrevia G. Quarello 15Torino10135Italy
| | - Federico Picollo
- Physics Department, University of Torinovia P. Giuria 1Torino10125Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sez. Torinovia P. Giuria 1Torino10125Italy
| | - Klaudia Kvaková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nam. 2Prague 6166 10Czechia
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University
Katerinska 1660/32Prague 2121 08Czechia
| | - Petr Cígler
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory DiagnosticsFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University
Katerinska 1660/32Prague 2121 08Czechia
| | - Ivo Pietro Degiovanni
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca MetrologicaStrada delle cacce 91Torino10135Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sez. Torinovia P. Giuria 1Torino10125Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug and Science Technology, University of TorinoCorso Raffaello 30Torino10125Italy
- NIS Inter‐departmental Centrevia G. Quarello 15Torino10135Italy
| | - Marco Genovese
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca MetrologicaStrada delle cacce 91Torino10135Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Sez. Torinovia P. Giuria 1Torino10125Italy
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26
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Tan Y, Hu X, Hou Y, Chu Z. Emerging Diamond Quantum Sensing in Bio-Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:957. [PMID: 36295716 PMCID: PMC9609316 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bio-membranes exhibit complex but unique mechanical properties as communicative regulators in various physiological and pathological processes. Exposed to a dynamic micro-environment, bio-membranes can be seen as an intricate and delicate system. The systematical modeling and detection of their local physical properties are often difficult to achieve, both quantitatively and precisely. The recent emerging diamonds hosting quantum defects (i.e., nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center) demonstrate intriguing optical and spin properties, together with their outstanding photostability and biocompatibility, rendering them ideal candidates for biological applications. Notably, the extraordinary spin-based sensing enable the measurements of localized nanoscale physical quantities such as magnetic fields, electrical fields, temperature, and strain. These nanoscale signals can be optically read out precisely by simple optical microscopy systems. Given these exclusive properties, NV-center-based quantum sensors can be widely applied in exploring bio-membrane-related features and the communicative chemical reaction processes. This review mainly focuses on NV-based quantum sensing in bio-membrane fields. The attempts of applying NV-based quantum sensors in bio-membranes to investigate diverse physical and chemical events such as membrane elasticity, phase change, nanoscale bio-physical signals, and free radical formation are fully overviewed. We also discuss the challenges and future directions of this novel technology to be utilized in bio-membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayin Tan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinhao Hu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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27
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Üngör Ö, Ozvat TM, Ni Z, Zadrozny JM. Record Chemical-Shift Temperature Sensitivity in a Series of Trinuclear Cobalt Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9132-9137. [PMID: 35549174 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Designing spins that exhibit long-lived coherence and strong temperature sensitivity is central to designing effective molecular thermometers and a fundamental challenge in the chemistry/quantum-information space. Herein, we provide a new pathway to both properties in the same molecule by designing a nuclear spin, which possesses a robust spin coherence, to mimic the strong temperature sensitivity of an electronic spin. This design strategy is demonstrated in the group of trinuclear Co(III) spin-crossover compounds [(CpCo(OP(OR)2)3)2Co](SbCl6) where Cp = cyclopentadienyl and R = Me (1), Et (2), i-Pr (3), and t-Bu (4). Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the 59Co nuclear spins reveal 59Co chemical-shift temperature sensitivity (Δδ/ΔT) values that span from 101(1) ppm/°C in 1 to 149(1) ppm/°C in 2 and 150(2) ppm/°C in 4, where the latter two are record temperature sensitivities for any nuclear spin. Additionally, complexes 2 and 4 have T2* values of 74 and 78 μs in solution at ambient temperatures surpassing those from electron-spin-based complexes, which typically display long coherence times only at extremely low temperatures. Our results suggest that spin-crossover phenomena can enable electron-spin-like temperature sensitivities in nuclear spins while retaining robust coherence times at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ökten Üngör
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Tyler M Ozvat
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Zhen Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Joseph M Zadrozny
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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28
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Sotoma S, Okita H, Chuma S, Harada Y. Quantum nanodiamonds for sensing of biological quantities: Angle, temperature, and thermal conductivity. Biophys Physicobiol 2022; 19:e190034. [PMID: 36349322 PMCID: PMC9592573 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring physical quantities in the nanometric region inside single cells is of great importance for understanding cellular activity. Thus, the development of biocompatible, sensitive, and reliable nanobiosensors is essential for progress in biological research. Diamond nanoparticles containing nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVCs), referred to as fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs), have recently emerged as the sensors that show great promise for ultrasensitive nanosensing of physical quantities. FNDs emit stable fluorescence without photobleaching. Additionally, their distinctive magneto-optical properties enable an optical readout of the quantum states of the electron spin in NVC under ambient conditions. These properties enable the quantitative sensing of physical parameters (temperature, magnetic field, electric field, pH, etc.) in the vicinity of an FND; hence, FNDs are often described as “quantum sensors”. In this review, recent advancements in biosensing applications of FNDs are summarized. First, the principles of orientation and temperature sensing using FND quantum sensors are explained. Next, we introduce surface coating techniques indispensable for controlling the physicochemical properties of FNDs. The achievements of practical biological sensing using surface-coated FNDs, including orientation, temperature, and thermal conductivity, are then highlighted. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of the quantum sensing of FND are discussed. This review article is an extended version of the Japanese article, In Situ Measurement of Intracellular Thermal Conductivity Using Diamond Nanoparticle, published in SEIBUTSU BUTSURI Vol. 62, p. 122–124 (2022).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunsuke Chuma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University
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