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Feyissa AH, Frosch S. An Integrated Model of Heat Transfer in Meat Products during Multistage Operations. Foods 2023; 12:3369. [PMID: 37761078 PMCID: PMC10529714 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the modelling of the heat transfer in the key processes during the manufacturing of salted-smoked loin pork, a traditional Danish product called "Hamburgerryg". Drying, smoking, steam-cooking, water-cooling, and air-cooling processes are important process steps in the production of "Hamburgerryg". A mathematical model that describes the heat transfer during these processes was developed. A current model formulation, multiple unit operations, and the transfer between these unit operations were considered and described by an equation that combines boundary conditions. The model governing and boundary equations were solved using the finite element method (COMSOL Multi-physics® version 5.6). The product temperature profile during the processes was predicted as a function of position and time in the loin. The model was validated using measured temperature profiles from industrial production, and a good agreement between the measured and simulated temperature profiles was obtained. Additionally, the effects of the position (in the heating, cooking, and cooling chamber) on the temperature profile were also investigated. The obtained model can be used as a simulation tool to predict the temperature profile (particularly cold and hot spots) for entire processes and this can aid in the digitization of food processes by providing a more accurate and efficient means of temperature control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aberham Hailu Feyissa
- Food Production Engineering, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
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2
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Mahajan P, Bera MB, Prasad K. Food physics insight: the structural design of foods. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1643-1655. [PMID: 37187990 PMCID: PMC10170019 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding food materials from the classical realm of physics including soft condensed matter physics has been an area of interest especially in the structural design engineering of food products. The contents of this review would help the reader in understanding the thermodynamics of food polymer, structural design principles, structural hierarchy, steps involved in food structuring, newer structural design technologies, and structure measurement techniques. Understanding the concepts of free volume would help the food engineers and technologists to study the food structural changes, manipulate process parameters and, the optimum amount of nutraceuticals/ingredients to be loaded in the food matrix. Such understanding helps in reducing food ingredient wastage while designing a food product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Mahajan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106 India
| | - Manab Bandhu Bera
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106 India
| | - Kamlesh Prasad
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106 India
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Li J, Deng Y, Xu W, Zhao R, Chen T, Wang M, Xu E, Zhou J, Wang W, Liu D. Multiscale modeling of food thermal processing for insight, comprehension, and utilization of heat and mass transfer: A state-of-the-art review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paulin JA, Lopez-Aguilar JE, Fouconnier B, Vargas RO, Lopez-Serrano F. Revisiting the Flory–Rehner equation: taking a closer look at the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter and its functionality with temperature and concentration with NIPA as a case example. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chan SS, Roth B, Jessen F, Jakobsen AN, Lerfall J. Water holding properties of Atlantic salmon. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 21:477-498. [PMID: 34873820 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With global seafood production increasing to feed the rising population, there is a need to produce fish and fishery products of high quality and freshness. Water holding properties, including drip loss (DL) and water holding capacity (WHC), are important parameters in determining fish quality as they affect functional properties of muscles such as juiciness and texture. This review focuses on the water holding properties of Atlantic salmon and evaluates the methods used to measure them. The pre- and postmortem factors and how processing and preservation methods influence water holding properties and their correlations to other quality parameters are reviewed. In addition, the possibility of using modelling is explained. Several methods are available to measure WHC. The most prevalent method is the centrifugation method, but other non-invasive and cost-effective approaches are increasingly preferred. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods and future trends are evaluated. Due to the diversity of methods, results from previous research are relative and cannot be directly compared unless the same method is used with the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Stephanie Chan
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Roth
- Department of Processing Technology, Nofima AS, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Flemming Jessen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anita Nordeng Jakobsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørgen Lerfall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Low-concentration salting of cod loins: The effect on biochemical properties and predicted water retention during heating. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Saha J, Jaroni D, Nelson J, Willoughby C, McDaniel C, Jadeja R. Influences of weight and thickness on cooking time required for various mechanically tenderized beef steaks to reach minimum safe internal temperature without resting. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Blikra MJ, Skipnes D, Feyissa AH. Model for heat and mass transport during cooking of cod loin in a convection oven. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rahman MM, Joardder MUH, Khan MIH, Pham ND, Karim MA. Multi-scale model of food drying: Current status and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:858-876. [PMID: 27646175 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1227299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, food engineers have been trying to describe the physical phenomena that occur during food processing especially drying. Physics-based theoretical modeling is an important tool for the food engineers to reduce the hurdles of experimentation. Drying of food is a multi-physics phenomenon such as coupled heat and mass transfer. Moreover, food structure is multi-scale in nature, and the microstructural features play a great role in the food processing specially in drying. Previously simple macroscopic model was used to describe the drying phenomena which can give a little description about the smaller scale. The multiscale modeling technique can handle all the phenomena that occur during drying. In this special kind of modeling approach, the single scale models from bigger to smaller scales are interconnected. With the help of multiscale modeling framework, the transport process associated with drying can be studied on a smaller scale and the resulting information can be transferred to the bigger scale. This article is devoted to discussing the state of the art multi-scale modeling, its prospect and challenges in the field of drying technology. This article has also given some directions to how to overcome the challenges for successful implementation of multi-scale modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rahman
- a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Mohammad U H Joardder
- a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - M I H Khan
- a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology , Gazipur , Bangladesh
| | - Nghia Duc Pham
- a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia.,c Engineering Faculty , Vietnam National University of Agriculture , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - M A Karim
- a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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Khan MIH, Joardder MUH, Kumar C, Karim MA. Multiphase porous media modelling: A novel approach to predicting food processing performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:528-546. [PMID: 27439148 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1197881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a physics-based model of food processing is essential to improve the quality of processed food and optimize energy consumption. Food materials, particularly plant-based food materials, are complex in nature as they are porous and have hygroscopic properties. A multiphase porous media model for simultaneous heat and mass transfer can provide a realistic understanding of transport processes and thus can help to optimize energy consumption and improve food quality. Although the development of a multiphase porous media model for food processing is a challenging task because of its complexity, many researchers have attempted it. The primary aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the multiphase models available in the literature for different methods of food processing, such as drying, frying, cooking, baking, heating, and roasting. A critical review of the parameters that should be considered for multiphase modelling is presented which includes input parameters, material properties, simulation techniques and the hypotheses. A discussion on the general trends in outcomes, such as moisture saturation, temperature profile, pressure variation, and evaporation patterns, is also presented. The paper concludes by considering key issues in the existing multiphase models and future directions for development of multiphase models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imran H Khan
- a Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Australia.,b Department of Mechanical Engineering , Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology , Gazipur , Bangladesh
| | - M U H Joardder
- a Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Chandan Kumar
- a Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Australia
| | - M A Karim
- a Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Australia
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Isleroglu H, Kaymak-Ertekin F. Modelling of heat and mass transfer during cooking in steam-assisted hybrid oven. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Datta A. Toward computer-aided food engineering: Mechanistic frameworks for evolution of product, quality and safety during processing. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gulati T, Datta AK, Doona CJ, Ruan RR, Feeherry FE. Modeling moisture migration in a multi-domain food system: Application to storage of a sandwich system. Food Res Int 2015; 76:427-438. [PMID: 28455023 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Moisture transport in a food system involving two different materials of unequal moisture content was modeled with water activity as the driving force using a porous media framework. This model was applied to a bread-barbecue chicken pocket sandwich stored in isothermal conditions. The model successfully predicted the equilibrium condition, where the two materials, bread and chicken, reached the same water activity, but not the same water content. The transient changes in the moisture content in the bread and chicken were predicted and shown to be significantly affected by air gap between the bread and chicken. The prediction process was also sensitive to the Darcy permeability values for the materials. The modeling framework presented for a sandwich system is very general and can easily be extended to other multicomponent food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Gulati
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ashim K Datta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
| | - Christopher J Doona
- US Army - Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, Warfighter Directorate, Natick, MA, United States
| | - R Roger Ruan
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Florence E Feeherry
- US Army - Natick Soldier Research, Development & Engineering Center, Warfighter Directorate, Natick, MA, United States
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Peters JP, Luyten H, Alting AC, Boom RM, van der Goot AJ. Effect of crosslink density on the water-binding capacity of whey protein microparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Paudel E, Boom RM, van der Sman RGM. Change in Water-Holding Capacity in Mushroom with Temperature Analyzed by Flory-Rehner Theory. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shibata-Ishiwatari N, Fukuoka M, Sakai N. Changes in the Viscosity of Expressible Water in Meat during Heating: Description Based on the Denaturation Kinetics of Water-soluble Proteins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.21.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Fukuoka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Noboru Sakai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
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Chapwanya M, Misra N. A soft condensed matter approach towards mathematical modelling of mass transport and swelling in food grains. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chiang J, Birla S, Bedoya M, Jones D, Subbiah J, Brace CL. Modeling and validation of microwave ablations with internal vaporization. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 62:657-63. [PMID: 25330481 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2363173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulation is increasingly being utilized for computer-aided design of treatment devices, analysis of ablation growth, and clinical treatment planning. Simulation models to date have incorporated electromagnetic wave propagation and heat conduction, but not other relevant physics such as water vaporization and mass transfer. Such physical changes are particularly noteworthy during the intense heat generation associated with microwave heating. In this paper, a numerical model was created that integrates microwave heating with water vapor generation and transport by using porous media assumptions in the tissue domain. The heating physics of the water vapor model was validated through temperature measurements taken at locations 5, 10, and 20 mm away from the heating zone of the microwave antenna in homogenized ex vivo bovine liver setup. Cross-sectional area of water vapor transport was validated through intraprocedural computed tomography (CT) during microwave ablations in homogenized ex vivo bovine liver. Iso-density contours from CT images were compared to vapor concentration contours from the numerical model at intermittent time points using the Jaccard index. In general, there was an improving correlation in ablation size dimensions as the ablation procedure proceeded, with a Jaccard index of 0.27, 0.49, 0.61, 0.67, and 0.69 at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility and validity of incorporating water vapor concentration into thermal ablation simulations and validating such models experimentally.
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Modeling cooking of chicken meat in industrial tunnel ovens with the Flory–Rehner theory. Meat Sci 2013; 95:940-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Prediction of the time evolution of pH in meat. Food Chem 2013; 141:2363-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ho QT, Carmeliet J, Datta AK, Defraeye T, Delele MA, Herremans E, Opara L, Ramon H, Tijskens E, van der Sman R, Van Liedekerke P, Verboven P, Nicolaï BM. Multiscale modeling in food engineering. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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van der Sman RGM. Soft matter approaches to food structuring. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 176-177:18-30. [PMID: 22579293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the many opportunities that arise from approaching food structuring from the perspective of soft matter physics. This branch of physics employs concepts that build upon the seminal work of van der Waals, such as free volume, the mean field, and effective temperatures. All these concepts aid scientists in understanding and controlling the thermodynamics and (slow) dynamics of structured foods. We discuss the use of these concepts in four topics, which will also be addressed in a forthcoming Faraday Discussion on food structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G M van der Sman
- Agrotechnology and Food Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
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Datta AK, van der Sman R, Gulati T, Warning A. Soft matter approaches as enablers for food macroscale simulation. Faraday Discuss 2012; 158:435-59; discussion 493-522. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20042b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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