Determination of the just‐suspended speed, N js , in stirred tanks using electrical resistance tomography (ERT)

Just Suspended Speed Simulation in Torus Reactor Using Multiple Non-Linear Regression Model

In the chemical and water treatment industries, it is necessary to achieve maximum contact between the solid and liquid phase, thus promoting the mass and heat transfer, to obtain a homogeneous solution. Increasing stirring speed is the most recommended solution in different types of reactors: stirred tank, column, and tubular. However, this inadvertently increases the energy consumption of the industry. Determination of the minimum speed, labeled the just suspended speed (Njs) and crucial to attaining homogeneity, has been widely investigated. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess formulas for determining the solid particle speed in various reactor types. Given the limitations of the existing formulations based on a generalization of a unique equation for computing Njs for all soil classifications, it appears that most formulas can only approximate complex phenomena that depend on several parameters. A novel formula was developed, and the results given in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of generating significant uncertainties for the estimation of Njs. The purpose of this study was the elaboration of experiment-based data-driven formulas to calculate Njs for different particle size classes. Nonlinear multiple regression (MNLR) models were used to generate the new formulas. The gradient descent optimization algorithm was employed to solve the hyperparameters of each novel equation, utilizing supervised learning. A comparison of the data indicated that the unique formulas presented in this study outperformed empirical formulas and provide a useful means for lowering energy consumption, while increasing the heat and mass transfer in torus type reactors.

Cetylpyridinium Trichlorostannate: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Properties, and Controlled-Release Properties via Electrical Resistance Tomography

Cetylpyridinium trichlorostannate (CPC-Sn), comprising cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and stannous chloride, was synthesized and characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements indicating stoichiometry of C₂₁H₃₈NSnCl₃ where the molecules are arranged in a 1:1 ratio with a cetylpyridinium cation and a [SnCl₃]^- anion. CPC-Sn has shown potential for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, to reduce bacteria-generated volatile sulfur compounds and to produce advanced functional materials. In order to investigate its controlled-release properties, electrical resistance tomography was implemented. The results demonstrate that CPC-Sn exhibits extended-release properties in an aqueous environment as opposed to the CPC counterpart.