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Chow SC, Zhang Y, Ng RWM, Hui SYR, Solov’yov IA, Lui WY. External RF-EMF alters cell number and ROS balance possibly via the regulation of NADPH metabolism and apoptosis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1425023. [PMID: 39185122 PMCID: PMC11341370 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1425023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of weak radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on living organisms raises new concern because of the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band at 6.78 MHz being promoted by the AirFuel Alliance for mid-range wireless power transfer (WPT) applications and product development. Human exposure to the RF-EMF radiation is unavoidable. In this study, we employed in vitro cell culture and molecular biology approach coupled with integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to uncover the effects of RF-EMF on cells at molecular and cellular levels. Our study has demonstrated that weak RF-EMF is sufficient to exert non-thermal effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure of weak RF-EMF promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and deregulates ROS balance. Alteration of several signaling pathways and key enzymes involved in NADPH metabolism, cell proliferation and ferroptosis were identified. Our current study provide solid evidence for the first time that the present safety standards that solely considered the thermal effect of RF-EMF on cell tissue are inadequate, prompt response and modification of existing Guidelines, Standards and Regulation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheung-Ching Chow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond W. M. Ng
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Yuen Ron Hui
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Meng T, Jung D, Cai XH, Lu ZQ, Yu JB, Qi TY, Meng FY, Ruan MZ, Duan JX. Characterization of AST-001 non-clinical pharmacokinetics: A novel selective AKR1C3-activated prodrug in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2024; 45:83-92. [PMID: 38492211 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
AST-001 is a chemically synthesized inactive nitrogen mustard prodrug that is selectively cleaved to a cytotoxic aziridine (AST-2660) via aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3). The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the prodrug, AST-001, and its active metabolite, AST-2660, in mice, rats, and monkeys. After single and once daily intravenous bolus doses of 1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg AST-001 to Sprague-Dawley rats and once daily 1 h intravenous infusions of 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 mg/kg AST-001 to cynomolgus monkeys, AST-001 exhibited dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and reached peak plasma levels at the end of the infusion. No significant accumulation and gender differences were observed after 7 days of repeated dosing. In rats, the half-life of AST-001 was dose independent and ranged from 4.89 to 5.75 h. In cynomolgus monkeys, the half-life of AST-001 was from 1.66 to 5.56 h and increased with dose. In tissue distribution studies conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats and in liver cancer PDX models in female athymic nude mice implanted with LI6643 or LI6280 HepG2-GFP tumor fragments, AST-001 was extensively distributed to selected tissues. Following a single intravenous dose, AST-001 was not excreted primarily as the prodrug, AST-001 or the metabolite AST-2660 in the urine, feces, and bile. A comprehensive analysis of the preclinical data and inter-species allometric scaling were used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of AST-001 in humans and led to the recommendation of a starting dose of 5 mg/m2 in the first-in-human dose escalation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Meng
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donald Jung
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Ji-Bing Yu
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian-Yang Qi
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
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Song XQ, Li Q, Zhang J. A double-edged sword: DLG5 in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114611. [PMID: 37001186 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Discs large homolog 5 (DLG5), a key member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUKs) family, is a scaffold molecule for signal transduction complexes and is responsible for assembling receptors and adapters. This scaffold protein stabilizes adhesion and tight bonding complexes in many organs and tissues, and is involved of maintaining epithelial polarity. Although DLG5 plays a role in normal development in mice, it has also been linked to the onset and development of several diseases, particularly Crohn's disease and various malignancies. DLG5 has been shown to impact the progression of cancer through direct or indirect interactions with H-catenin, E-cadherin, Vimentin, p53, P21, Cyclin D1, TGF-β1, AKT, Hippo, and classic G protein signaling pathways. DLG5 and DLG5 variants has been found to have a dual role in human diseases. Although it is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, its expression is reduced in lung, liver, breast, prostate, and bladder cancers. However, two independent studies on glioblastoma (GBM) have shown the opposite effects of DLG5. Our study evaluates the existing literature on the role of DLG5 and DLG5 variants in disease processes, and summarizes the available data on the role of DLG5 in disease based on cell experiments, clinical samples, and animal models, while highlighting its future potential in disease treatment.
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Gezer S, Emrence Z, Elverdi T, Ar MC, Salman Yaylaz B, Paçal F, Ünüvar A, Sarıman M, Eşkazan AE, Karaman S, Salihoğlu A, Karakaş Z, Abacı N, Sırma-Ekmekci S. Upregulation of SPINK2 in acute myeloid leukemia. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2023; 4:92-104. [PMID: 37359898 PMCID: PMC10197194 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2022-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Although patients can be classified into risk groups based on their genetic changes, the prognosis of disease within these categories varies widely. This situation raises the need to search for new molecular markers related to AML. Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 2 (SPINK2) has recently been reported to be upregulated in AML and associated with poor outcomes by meta-analysis and in a limited number of AML patients. Methods We analyzed SPINK2 mRNA expression in 62 patients (45 adult and 17 pediatric) with AML and 11 cell lines using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). SPINK2 protein level was determined using ELISA in cell lines. Results We found that the expression of SPINK2 mRNA and protein levels in AML cell lines (HL60 and NB4) have increased compared to other cell lines (K562, Jurkat and NALM6, MCF7, HeLa, HUVEC, hFOB, 293T, U87). SPINK2 mRNA expression was upregulated in patients with AML compared to controls (p=0.004) and significantly lower in t(8;21)-positive patients compared to negative patients (p=0.0006). Conclusions Our results suggest that SPINK2 serves an important role in AML development. Further studies are needed to evaluate SPINK2 expression in AML patients with t(8.21) and investigate to clarify its prognostic value in various subgroups of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümbül Gezer
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeliha Emrence
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tuğrul Elverdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Muhlis Cem Ar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Salman Yaylaz
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ferda Paçal
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Ünüvar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Melda Sarıman
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serap Karaman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Salihoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Karakaş
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Neslihan Abacı
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sema Sırma-Ekmekci
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Gao D, Liu R, Lv Y, Feng Y, Hong F, Xu X, Hu J, He A, Yang Y. A novel ferroptosis-related gene signature for predicting prognosis in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:999688. [PMID: 36845727 PMCID: PMC9950937 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.999688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly malignant hematological tumor with a poor overall survival (OS). Due to the high heterogeneity of MM, it is necessary to explore novel markers for the prognosis prediction for MM patients. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death, playing a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the predictive role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in MM prognosis remains unknown. Methods This study collected 107 FRGs previously reported and utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) cox regression model to construct a multi-genes risk signature model upon FRGs. The ESTIMATE algorithm and immune-related single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were carried out to evaluate immune infiltration level. Drug sensitivity was assessed based on the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database (GDSC). Then the synergy effect was determined with Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and SynergyFinder software. Results A 6-gene prognostic risk signature model was constructed, and MM patients were divided into high and low risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients in the high risk group had significantly reduced OS compared with patients in the low risk group. Besides, the risk score was an independent predictor for OS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the predictive capacity of the risk signature. Combination of risk score and ISS stage had better prediction performance. Enrichment analysis revealed immune response, MYC, mTOR, proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation were enriched in high risk MM patients. We found high risk MM patients had lower immune scores and immune infiltration levels. Moreover, further analysis found that MM patients in high risk group were sensitive to bortezomib and lenalidomide. At last, the results of the in vitro experiment showed that ferroptosis inducers (RSL3 and ML162) may synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of bortezomib and lenalidomide against MM cell line RPMI-8226. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into roles of ferroptosis in MM prognosis prediction, immune levels and drug sensitivity, which complements and improves current grading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuandong Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Hong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Aili He, ; Yun Yang,
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Aili He, ; Yun Yang,
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LYL1 facilitates AETFC assembly and gene activation by recruiting CARM1 in t(8;21) AML. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2213718119. [PMID: 36215477 PMCID: PMC9586329 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213718119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in hematopoiesis, and their aberrant expression can lead to various types of leukemia. The t(8;21) leukemogenic fusion protein AML1-ETO (AE) is the most common fusion protein in acute myeloid leukemia and can enhance hematopoietic stem cell renewal while blocking differentiation. A key question in understanding AE-mediated leukemia is what determines the choice of AE to activate self-renewal genes or repress differentiation genes. Toward the resolution of this problem, we earlier showed that AE resides in the stable AETFC complex and that its components colocalize on up- or down-regulated target genes and are essential for leukemogenesis. In the current study, using biochemical and genomic approaches, we show that AE-containing complexes are heterogeneous, and that assembly of the larger AETFC (containing AE, CBFβ, HEB, E2A, LYL1, LMO2, and LDB1) requires LYL1. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence that the LYL1-containing AETFC preferentially binds to active enhancers and promotes AE-dependent gene activation. Moreover, we show that coactivator CARM1 interacts with AETFC and facilitates gene activation by AETFC. Collectively, this study describes a role of oncoprotein LYL1 in AETFC assembly and gene activation by recruiting CARM1 to chromatin for AML cell survival.
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Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Zanubrutinib Effectively Modulates Cancer Resistance by Inhibiting Anthracycline Metabolism and Efflux. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14101994. [PMID: 36297430 PMCID: PMC9611657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14101994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zanubrutinib (ZAN) is a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of some non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In clinical trials, ZAN is often combined with standard anthracycline (ANT) chemotherapy. Although ANTs are generally effective, drug resistance is a crucial obstacle that leads to treatment discontinuation. This study showed that ZAN counteracts ANT resistance by targeting aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. AKR1C3 catalyses the transformation of ANTs to less potent hydroxy-metabolites, whereas transporters decrease the ANT-effective concentrations by pumping them out of the cancer cells. In our experiments, ZAN inhibited the AKR1C3-mediated inactivation of daunorubicin (DAUN) at both the recombinant and cellular levels. In the drug combination experiments, ZAN synergistically sensitised AKR1C3-expressing HCT116 and A549 cells to DAUN treatment. Gene induction studies further confirmed that ZAN did not increase the intracellular level of AKR1C3 mRNA; thus, the drug combination effect is not abolished by enzyme induction. Finally, in accumulation assays, ZAN was found to interfere with the DAUN efflux mediated by the ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC1 transporters, which might further contribute to the reversal of ANT resistance. In summary, our data provide the rationale for ZAN inclusion in ANT-based therapy and suggest its potential for the treatment of tumours expressing AKR1C3 and/or the above-mentioned ABC transporters.
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Personalizing Chinese medicine by integrating molecular features of diseases and herb ingredient information: application to acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43579-43591. [PMID: 28454110 PMCID: PMC5522171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used as a complementary medicine in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) treatment. In this study, we proposed a new classification of Chinese Medicines (CMs) by integrating the latest discoveries in disease molecular mechanisms and traditional medicine theory. We screened out a set of chemical compounds on basis of AML differential expression genes and chemical-protein interactions and then mapped them to Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database. 415 CMs contain those compounds and they were categorized into 8 groups according to the Traditional Chinese Pharmacology. Pathway analysis and synthetic lethality gene pairs were applied to analyze the dissimilarity, generality and intergroup relations of different groups. We defined hub CM pairs and alternative CM groups based on the analysis result and finally proposed a formula to form an effective anti-AML prescription which combined the hub CM pairs with alternative CMs according to patients’ molecular features. Our method of formulating CMs based on patients’ stratification provides novel insights into the new usage of conventional CMs and will promote TCM modernization.
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9
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Abstract
Background Despite chemotherapy intensification, a subgroup of high-risk paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients still experience treatment failure. In this context, we hypothesised that therapy resistance in T-ALL might involve aldo-keto reductase 1C (AKR1C) enzymes as previously reported for solid tumors. Methods Expression of NRF2-AKR1C signaling components has been analysed in paediatric T-ALL samples endowed with different treatment outcomes as well as in patient-derived xenografts of T-ALL. The effects of AKR1C enzyme modulation has been investigated in T-ALL cell lines and primary cultures by combining AKR1C inhibition, overexpression, and gene silencing approaches. Results We show that T-ALL cells overexpress AKR1C1-3 enzymes in therapy-resistant patients. We report that AKR1C1-3 enzymes play a role in the response to vincristine (VCR) treatment, also ex vivo in patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, we demonstrate that the modulation of AKR1C1-3 levels is sufficient to sensitise T-ALL cells to VCR. Finally, we show that T-ALL chemotherapeutics induce overactivation of AKR1C enzymes independent of therapy resistance, thus establishing a potential resistance loop during T-ALL combination treatment. Conclusions Here, we demonstrate that expression and activity of AKR1C enzymes correlate with response to chemotherapeutics in T-ALL, posing AKR1C1-3 as potential targets for combination treatments during T-ALL therapy.
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10
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Li Y, Zhao H, Xu Q, Lv N, Jing Y, Wang L, Wang X, Guo J, Zhou L, Liu J, Chen G, Chen C, Li Y, Yu L. Detection of prognostic methylation markers by methylC-capture sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110444-110459. [PMID: 29299160 PMCID: PMC5746395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and genetic features incompletely predict outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The value of clinical methylation assays for prognostic markers has not been extensively explored. We assess the prognostic implications of methylC-capture sequencing (MCC-Seq) in patients with de novo AML by integrating DNA methylation and genetic risk stratification. MCC-Seq assessed DNA methylation level in 44 samples. The differentially methylated regions associated with prognostic genetic information were identified. The selected prognostic DNA methylation markers were independently validated in two sets. MCC-Seq exhibited good performance in AML patients. A panel of 12 differentially methylated genes was identified with promoter hyper-differentially methylated regions associated with the outcome. Compared with a low M-value, a high M-value was associated with failure to achieve complete remission (p = 0.024), increased hazard for disease-free survival in the study set (p = 0.039) and poor overall survival in The Cancer Genome Atlas set (p = 0.038). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and survival outcomes were not adversely affected by a high M-value (p = 0.271). Our study establishes that MCC-Seq is a stable, reproducible, and cost-effective methylation assay in AML. A 12-gene M-value encompassing epigenetic and genetic prognostic information represented a valid prognostic marker for patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Hematology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya 572013, China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qingyu Xu
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Na Lv
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Jing
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chongjian Chen
- Annoroad Gene Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and BMT Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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AKR1C3 is a biomarker of sensitivity to PR-104 in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:1193-202. [PMID: 26116659 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-618900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PR-104, a phosphate ester of the nitrogen mustard prodrug PR-104A, has shown evidence of efficacy in adult leukemia clinical trials. Originally designed to target hypoxic cells, PR-104A is independently activated by aldo-keto-reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3). The aim of this study was to test whether AKR1C3 is a predictive biomarker of in vivo PR-104 sensitivity. In a panel of 7 patient-derived pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenografts, PR-104 showed significantly greater efficacy against T-lineage ALL (T-ALL) than B-cell-precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) xenografts. Single-agent PR-104 was more efficacious against T-ALL xenografts compared with a combination regimen of vincristine, dexamethasone, and l-asparaginase. Expression of AKR1C3 was significantly higher in T-ALL xenografts compared with BCP-ALL, and correlated with PR-104/PR-104A sensitivity in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of AKR1C3 in a resistant BCP-ALL xenograft resulted in dramatic sensitization to PR-104 in vivo. Testing leukemic blasts from 11 patients confirmed that T-ALL cells were more sensitive than BCP-ALL to PR-104A in vitro, and that sensitivity correlated with AKR1C3 expression. Collectively, these results indicate that PR-104 shows promise as a novel therapy for relapsed/refractory T-ALL, and that AKR1C3 expression could be used as a biomarker to select patients most likely to benefit from such treatment in prospective clinical trials.
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12
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Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is associated with the doxorubicin resistance in human breast cancer via PTEN loss. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:317-25. [PMID: 25661377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), one member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, is involved in a variety of cancers. Recently, AKR1C3 has been demonstrated to be related with the doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in human breast cancer. Here, we attempted to explore the resistance mechanism mediated by AKR1C3. First, one DOX resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7/DOX was successfully established and an increased level of AKR1C3 was observed in the MCF-7/DOX cells compared to the parental MCF-7 cells. To investigate the contribution of AKR1C3 in the DOX resistance, we further established an AKR1C3 overexpression cell line, referred to MCF-7/AKR1C3. In the MCF-7/AKR1C3 cells, the DOX induced cytotoxicity, detected by CCK-8 cell viability assay and DAPI staining, was greatly reduced (3.2-fold increase in the IC50 value). Interestingly, a loss of tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) was observed when AKR1C3 was overexpressed. Secondary to the PTEN loss, the activated Akt also markedly increased. In addition, the AKR1C3 mediated DOX resistance can be conquered by the Akt inhibitor (LY294002). Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of AKR1C3 and PTEN had a negative relationship in the human breast tumor tissues (the standard correlation coefficient=-0.71; P=0.048). In conclusion, our data suggested that the AKR1C3 mediated DOX resistance might be resulted from the activation of anti-apoptosis PTEN/Akt pathway via PTEN loss. AKR1C3 may present a potential therapeutic target in addressing DOX resistance in breast cancer.
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Atsriku C, Hoffmann M, Moghaddam M, Kumar G, Surapaneni S. In vitrometabolism of a novel JNK inhibitor tanzisertib: interspecies differences in oxido-reduction and characterization of enzymes involved in metabolism. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:465-80. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.991367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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The Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/Met Axis: A Neglected Target in the Treatment of Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1631-69. [PMID: 25119536 PMCID: PMC4190560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Met is the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a cytoprotective cytokine. Disturbing the equilibrium between Met and its ligand may lead to inappropriate cell survival, accumulation of genetic abnormalities and eventually, malignancy. Abnormal activation of the HGF/Met axis is established in solid tumours and in chronic haematological malignancies, including myeloma, acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for the abnormal activation of HGF/Met pathways are described and discussed. Importantly, inCML and in MPNs, the production of HGF is independent of Bcr-Abl and JAK2V617F, the main molecular markers of these diseases. In vitro studies showed that blocking HGF/Met function with neutralizing antibodies or Met inhibitors significantly impairs the growth of JAK2V617F-mutated cells. With personalised medicine and curative treatment in view, blocking activation of HGF/Met could be a useful addition in the treatment of CML and MPNs for those patients with high HGF/MET expression not controlled by current treatments (Bcr-Abl inhibitors in CML; phlebotomy, hydroxurea, JAK inhibitors in MPNs).
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Anthracycline resistance mediated by reductive metabolism in cancer cells: The role of aldo-keto reductase 1C3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 278:238-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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HDAC inhibitors repress BARD1 isoform expression in acute myeloid leukemia cells via activation of miR-19a and/or b. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83018. [PMID: 24349422 PMCID: PMC3859623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain 1) has been considered as both a BRCA1 (BReast Cancer susceptibility gene 1, early onset) interactor and tumor suppressor gene mutated in breast and ovarian cancers. Despite its role as a stable heterodimer with BRCA1, increasing evidence indicates that BARD1 also has BRCA1-independent oncogenic functions. Here, we investigate BARD1 expression and function in human acute myeloid leukemias and its modulation by epigenetic mechanism(s) and microRNAs. We show that the HDACi (histone deacetylase inhibitor) Vorinostat reduces BARD1 mRNA levels by increasing miR-19a and miR-19b expression levels. Moreover, we identify a specific BARD1 isoform, which might act as tumor diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Liao R, Xu Y, Chen M, Chen X, Zhan X, Sun J. Molecular mechanism of microRNA involvement in genesis of myelodysplastic syndrome and its transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2013; 18:191-7. [PMID: 23321417 DOI: 10.1179/1607845412y.0000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rongxia Liao
- Medical English DepartmentCollege of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Medical English DepartmentCollege of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiewan Chen
- Medical English DepartmentCollege of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhan
- Medical English DepartmentCollege of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Cancer Institute of People's Liberation Army, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Retinoid differentiation therapy for common types of acute myeloid leukemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:939021. [PMID: 23213553 PMCID: PMC3504222 DOI: 10.1155/2012/939021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers arise in a tissue stem cell, and cell differentiation is impaired resulting in an accumulation of immature cells. The introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in 1987 to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a rare subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), pioneered a new approach to obtain remission in malignancies by restoring the terminal maturation of leukemia cells resulting in these cells having a limited lifespan. Differentiation therapy also offers the prospect of a less aggressive treatment by virtue of attenuated growth of leukemia cells coupled to limited damage to normal cells. The success of ATRA in differentiation therapy of APL is well known. However, ATRA does not work in non-APL AML. Here we examine some of the molecular pathways towards new retinoid-based differentiation therapy of non-APL AML. Prospects include modulation of the epigenetic status of ATRA-insensitive AML cells, agents that influence intracellular signalling events that are provoked by ATRA, and the use of novel synthetic retinoids.
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Chen WD, Zhang Y. Regulation of aldo-keto reductases in human diseases. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:35. [PMID: 22408622 PMCID: PMC3297832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are a superfamily of NAD(P)H-linked oxidoreductases, which reduce aldehydes and ketones to their respective primary and secondary alcohols. AKR enzymes are increasingly being recognized to play an important role in the transformation and detoxification of aldehydes and ketones generated during drug detoxification and xenobiotic metabolism. Many transcription factors have been identified to regulate the expression of human AKR genes, which could have profound effects on the metabolism of endogenous mediators and detoxication of chemical carcinogens. This review summarizes the current knowledge on AKR regulation by transcription factors and other mediators in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown, OH, USA
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20
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Marcucci G, Maharry K, Wu YZ, Radmacher MD, Mrózek K, Margeson D, Holland KB, Whitman SP, Becker H, Schwind S, Metzeler KH, Powell BL, Carter TH, Kolitz JE, Wetzler M, Carroll AJ, Baer MR, Caligiuri MA, Larson RA, Bloomfield CD. IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations identify novel molecular subsets within de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:2348-55. [PMID: 20368543 PMCID: PMC2881719 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the frequency and associations with prognostic markers and outcome of mutations in IDH genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases in adult de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic bone marrow or blood samples from 358 patients were analyzed for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations by DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification/sequencing. FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, WT1, and MLL mutational analyses and gene- and microRNA-expression profiling were performed centrally. Results IDH mutations were found in 33% of the patients. IDH1 mutations were detected in 49 patients (14%; 47 with R132). IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, were detected in 69 patients (19%; 13 with R172 and 56 with R140). R172 IDH2 mutations were mutually exclusive with all other prognostic mutations analyzed. Younger age (< 60 years), molecular low-risk (NPM1-mutated/FLT3-internal tandem duplication-negative) IDH1-mutated patients had shorter disease-free survival than molecular low-risk IDH1/IDH2-wild-type (wt) patients (P = .046). R172 IDH2-mutated patients had lower complete remission rates than IDH1/IDH2wt patients (P = .007). Distinctive microarray gene- and microRNA-expression profiles accurately predicted R172 IDH2 mutations. The highest expressed gene and microRNAs in R172 IDH2-mutated patients compared with the IDH1/IDH2wt patients were APP (previously associated with complex karyotype AML) and miR-1 and miR-133 (involved in embryonal stem-cell differentiation), respectively. CONCLUSION IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are recurrent in CN-AML and have an unfavorable impact on outcome. The R172 IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, characterize a novel subset of CN-AML patients lacking other prognostic mutations and associate with unique gene- and microRNA-expression profiles that may lead to the discovery of novel, therapeutically targetable leukemogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Marcucci
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kati Maharry
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yue-Zhong Wu
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael D. Radmacher
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dean Margeson
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelsi B. Holland
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan P. Whitman
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Heiko Becker
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Klaus H. Metzeler
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bayard L. Powell
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas H. Carter
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan E. Kolitz
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Meir Wetzler
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrew J. Carroll
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Maria R. Baer
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard A. Larson
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Clara D. Bloomfield
- From the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset; Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD; and University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Azzarello J, Fung KM, Lin HK. Tissue distribution of human AKR1C3 and rat homolog in the adult genitourinary system. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 56:853-61. [PMID: 18574251 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.951384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3 (type 2 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) catalyzes androgen, estrogen, and prostaglandin metabolism. AKR1C3 is therefore implicated in regulating ligand access to the androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and peroxisome proliferator activating receptor gamma in hormone target tissues. Recent reports on close relationships between ARK1C3 and various cancers including breast and prostate cancers implicate the involvement of AKR1C3 in cancer development or progression. We previously described the characterization of an isoform-specific monoclonal antibody against AKR1C3 that does not cross-react with related, >86% sequence identity, human AKR1C1, AKR1C2, or AKR1C4, human aldehyde reductase AKR1A1, or rat 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C9). In this study, a clone of murine monoclonal antibody raised against AKR1C3 was identified and characterized for its recognition of rat homolog. Tissue distribution of human AKR1C3 and its rat homolog in adult genitourinary systems including kidney, bladder, prostate, and testis was studied by IHC. A strong immunoreactivity was detected not only in classically hormone-associated tissues such as prostate and testis but also in non-hormone-associated tissues such as kidney and bladder in humans and rats. The distribution of these two enzymes was comparable but not identical between the two species. These features warrant future studies of AKR1C3 in both hormone- and non-hormone-associated tissues and identification of the rodent homolog for establishing animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Azzarello
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Research Parkway, Room 462, Oklahoma City, OK 73034, USA
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Byrns MC, Steckelbroeck S, Penning TM. An indomethacin analogue, N-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-melatonin, is a selective inhibitor of aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (type 2 3alpha-HSD, type 5 17beta-HSD, and prostaglandin F synthase), a potential target for the treatment of hormone dependent and hormone independent malignancies. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:484-93. [PMID: 17950253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3 (type 2 3alpha-HSD, type 5 17beta-HSD, and prostaglandin F synthase) regulates ligand access to steroid hormone and prostaglandin receptors and may stimulate proliferation of prostate and breast cancer cells. NSAIDs are known inhibitors of AKR1C enzymes. An NSAID analogue that inhibits AKR1C3 but is inactive against the cyclooxygenases and the other AKR1C family members would provide an important tool to examine the role of AKR1C3 in proliferative signaling. We tested NSAIDs and NSAID analogues for inhibition of the reduction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) catalyzed by AKR1C3 and the closely related isoforms AKR1C1 and AKR1C2. Two of the compounds initially screened, indomethacin and its methyl ester, were specific for AKR1C3 versus the other AKR1C isoforms. Based on these results and the crystal structure of AKR1C3, we predicted that N-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-melatonin (CBM), an indomethacin analogue that does not inhibit the cyclooxygenases, would selectively inhibit AKR1C3. CBM inhibited the reduction of PQ by AKR1C3, but did not significantly inhibit AKR1C1 or AKR1C2. Indomethacin and CBM also inhibited the AKR1C3-catalyzed reduction of Delta(4)-androstene-3,17-dione but did not significantly inhibit the reduction of steroid hormones catalyzed by AKR1C1 or AKR1C2. The pattern of inhibition of AKR1C3 by indomethacin and CBM was uncompetitive versus PQ, but competitive versus Delta(4)-androstene-3,17-dione, indicating that two different inhibitory complexes form during the ordered bi bi reactions. The identification of CBM as a specific inhibitor of AKR1C3 will aid the investigation of its roles in steroid hormone and prostaglandin signaling and the resultant effects on cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Byrns
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, United States
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