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Segovia-Ortí R, Espinosa de los Monteros Aliaga Cano N, Lumbreras J, Sotto-Esteban DD, Rodrigo MD. Renal Dysplasia and Precocious Diabetes Onset in Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II Syndrome: A Case Report. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 11:158-161. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrocephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is a genetic syndrome. Its main characteristics are bony dysplasia, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, and cerebrovascular disease. Several other features have been added recently. We report an individual with MOPDII affected by congenital renal dysplasia and hyperosmolar coma diabetic onset. Renal dysplasia has not been previously described in individuals with MOPDII. By publishing cases of unusual genetic disorders, it will be possible to broaden the spectrum of these rare syndromes, and improve the diagnosis and management of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Segovia-Ortí
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Javier Lumbreras
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Rodrigo
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
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Abdel-Salam GMH, Sayed ISM, Afifi HH, Abdel-Ghafar SF, Abouzaid MR, Ismail SI, Aglan MS, Issa MY, El-Bassyouni HT, El-Kamah G, Effat LK, Eid M, Zaki MS, Temtamy SA, Abdel-Hamid MS. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II: Additional nine patients with implications on phenotype and genotype correlation. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1407-1420. [PMID: 32267100 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PCNT encodes a large coiled- protein localizing to pericentriolar material and is associated with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II syndrome (MOPD II). We report our experience of nine new patients from seven unrelated consanguineous Egyptian families with the distinctive clinical features of MOPD II in whom a customized NGS panel showed homozygous truncating variants of PCNT. The NGS panel results were validated thereafter using Sanger sequencing revealing three previously reported and three novel PCNT pathogenic variants. The core phenotype appeared homogeneous to what had been reported before although patients differed in the severity showing inter and intra familial variability. The orodental pattern showed atrophic alveolar ridge (five patients), rootless tooth (four patients), tooth agenesis (three patients), and malformed tooth (three patients). In addition, mesiodens was a novel finding found in one patient. The novel c.9394-1G>T variant was found in two sibs who had tooth agenesis. CNS anomalies with possible vascular sequelae were documented in two male patients (22.2%). Simplified gyral pattern with poor development of the frontal horns of lateral ventricles was seen in four patients and mild thinning of the corpus callosum in two patients. Unilateral coronal craniosynstosis was noted in one patient and thick but short corpus callosum was an unusual finding noted in another. The later has not been reported before. Our results refine the clinical, neuroradiological, and orodental features and expand the molecular spectrum of MOPD II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas S M Sayed
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Afifi
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Abdel-Ghafar
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha R Abouzaid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Orodental Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira I Ismail
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala T El-Bassyouni
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila K Effat
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Eid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Temtamy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hamid
- Centre of Excellence for Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Molecular Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Microcephalic osteodyplastic primordial dwarfism type II: case report with unique oral findings and a new mutation in the pericentrin gene. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 129:e204-e211. [PMID: 31606423 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism (MOPD) type II (OMIM 210720) is a rare autosomal recessive form of primordial dwarfism, characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, and osteodysplastic skeletal changes. The dental literature describing the oral manifestations of this syndrome is scarce. STUDY DESIGN The aim of this article is to report the case of an 8-year-old male of Indian origin with MOPD type II and to describe his oral and dental manifestations. Genetic analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS The patient presented with interesting dental findings, including oligodontia, enamel hypoplasia, early exfoliation of primary dentition, accelerated eruption of permanent teeth with generalized grade II mobility, histopathologic features suggestive of dentin dysplasia, and a new mutation in the Pericentrin gene, which has not been documented earlier. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report from India of a case with this syndrome. The article presents various dentomaxillofacial features that have not been documented in dental literature earlier with sufficient evidence.
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Smid CJ, Modaff P, Alade A, Legare JM, Pauli RM. Acanthosis nigricans in achondroplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2630-2636. [PMID: 30380187 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) in those with achondroplasia has been reported occasionally in the literature previously. Other disorders arising from constitutive activation of FGFR3 also manifest AN at various frequencies. We assessed the prevalence of AN in a sequential series of 477 individuals with achondroplasia. Using a REDCap database, we collected and analyzed what other features or medical issues may co-occur with AN in those with achondroplasia. AN arises in approximately 10% of individuals with achondroplasia. It usually first appears in preadolescence or adolescence, is more likely in the non-White population and in those who are obese. It is not severe and generally will need no treatment. It is not associated with any evident risk for neither hyperinsulinemic states nor malignancy, and therefore, no special investigations are warranted when it is recognized. Thus, clinicians should not be surprised or concerned upon discovering this finding in those with achondroplasia. In addition, the mechanisms and genetic causes of AN are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Smid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Peggy Modaff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Adekemi Alade
- Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janet M Legare
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Richard M Pauli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Midwest Regional Bone Dysplasia Clinic, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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5
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review will provide an overview of the microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) class of disorders and provide the reader comprehensive clinical review with suggested care guidelines for patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type II (MOPDII). RECENT FINDINGS Over the last 15 years, significant strides have been made in the diagnosis, natural history, and management of MOPDII. MOPDII is the most common and well described form of MPD. The classic features of the MPD group are severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, with marked microcephaly. In addition to these features, individuals with MOPDII have characteristic facies, skeletal dysplasia, abnormal dentition, and an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and insulin resistance. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the pericentrin gene cause MOPDII, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Bober
- 0000 0001 2166 5843grid.265008.9Stanley Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 0000 0004 0458 9676grid.239281.3A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland-Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Andrew P. Jackson
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
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Pavone P, Praticò AD, Gentile G, Falsaperla R, Iemmolo R, Guarnaccia M, Cavallaro S, Ruggieri M. A neurocutaneous phenotype with paired hypo- and hyperpigmented macules, microcephaly and stunted growth as prominent features. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:283-9. [PMID: 26979654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Roberts T, Stephen L, Scott C, di Pasquale T, Naser-Eldin A, Chetty M, Shaik S, Lewandowski L, Beighton P. CANDLE Syndrome: orodfacial manifestations and dental implications. Head Face Med 2015; 11:38. [PMID: 26711936 PMCID: PMC4693439 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-015-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A South African girl with CANDLE Syndrome is reported with emphasis on the orodental features and dental management. Clinical manifestations included short stature, wasting of the soft tissue of the arms and legs, erythematous skin eruptions and a prominent abdomen due to hepatosplenomegaly. Generalized microdontia, confirmed by tooth measurement and osteopenia of her jaws, confirmed by digitalized radiography, were previously undescribed syndromic components. Intellectual impairment posed problems during dental intervention. The carious dental lesions and poor oral hygiene were treated conservatively under local anaesthetic. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered an hour before all procedures. Due to the nature of her general condition, invasive dental procedures were minimal. Regular follow-ups were scheduled at six monthly intervals. During this period, her overall oral health status had improved markedly. The CANDLE syndrome is a rare condition with grave complications including immunosuppression and diabetes mellitus. As with many genetic disorders, the dental manifestations are often overshadowed by other more conspicuous and complex syndromic features. Recognition of both the clinical and oral changes that occur in the CANDLE syndrome facilitates accurate diagnosis and appropriate dental management of this potentially lethal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Roberts
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X08, Mitchell's Plain, 7785, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - L Stephen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X08, Mitchell's Plain, 7785, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - C Scott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - T di Pasquale
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X08, Mitchell's Plain, 7785, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - A Naser-Eldin
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X08, Mitchell's Plain, 7785, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - M Chetty
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X08, Mitchell's Plain, 7785, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - S Shaik
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X08, Mitchell's Plain, 7785, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - L Lewandowski
- Duke Global Health Institute, Pediatric Rheumatology, Global Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA.
| | - P Beighton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent advances in the clinical and molecular characterization of primordial dwarfism, an extreme growth deficiency disorder that has its onset during embryonic development and persists throughout life. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented acceleration in the discovery of genes mutated in primordial dwarfism, from one gene to more than a dozen genes. These genetic discoveries have confirmed the notion that primordial dwarfism is caused by defects in basic cellular processes, most notably centriolar biology and DNA damage response. Fortunately, the increasing number of reported clinical primordial dwarfism subtypes has been accompanied by more accurate molecular classification. SUMMARY Qualitative defects of centrioles with resulting abnormal mitosis dynamics, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis represent the predominant molecular pathogenic mechanism in primordial dwarfism. Impaired DNA damage response is another important mechanism, which we now know is not mutually exclusive to abnormal centrioles. Molecular characterization of primordial dwarfism is helping families by enabling more reproductive choices and may pave the way for the future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzan S Alkuraya
- aDepartment of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfasial University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Terlemez A, Altunsoy M, Celebi H. Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II: clinical findings and dental management of a child patient. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2015; 49:41-46. [PMID: 28955524 PMCID: PMC5573462 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.73283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is an unusual autosomal recessive inherited form of primordial dwarfism, which is
characterized by a small head diameter at birth, but which also progresses to severe microcephaly, progressive bony dysplasia, and characteristic facies
and personality. This report presents a case of a five-year-old girl with MOPD II syndrome. The patient was referred to our clinic with the complaint
of severe tooth pain at the left mandibular primary molar teeth. Clinical examination revealed that most of the primary teeth had been decayed and all
primary teeth were hypoplastic. Patient’s history revealed delayed development in the primary dentition and radiographic examination showed rootless primary
molar teeth and short-rooted incisors. The treatment was not possible due to the lack of root of the left mandibular primary molars; so the teeth were
extracted. Thorough and timely dental evaluation is crucial for the prevention of dental problems and the maintenance of oral health in patients with MOPD II
syndrome is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Terlemez
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altunsoy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sifa University, Turkey
| | - Hakki Celebi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey
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Perry LD, Robertson F, Ganesan V. Screening for cerebrovascular disease in microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II): an evidence-based proposal. Pediatr Neurol 2013; 48:294-8. [PMID: 23498563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (OMIM 210720) is a rare autosomal recessive condition frequently associated with early-onset cerebrovascular disease. Presymptomatic detection and intervention could prevent the adverse consequences associated with this. We reviewed published cases of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II to ascertain prevalence and characteristics of cerebrovascular disease and use these data to propose an evidence-based approach to cerebrovascular screening. Of 147 cases identified, 47 had cerebrovascular disease (32%), including occlusive arteriopathy (including moyamoya) and cerebral aneurysmal disease. Occlusive disease occurred in younger individuals, and progression can be both rapid and clinically silent. A reasonable screening approach would be magnetic resonance imaging and angiography of the cervical and intracranial circulation at diagnosis, repeated at yearly intervals until 10 years, and every 2 years thereafter, unless clinical concerns occur earlier. At present it would appear that this needs to be life-long. Families and professionals should be alerted to the potential significance of neurologic symptoms and measures should be taken to maintain good vascular health in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D Perry
- Neurology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Abdel-Salam GMH, Miyake N, Eid MM, Abdel-Hamid MS, Hassan NA, Eid OM, Effat LK, El-Badry TH, El-Kamah GY, El-Darouti M, Matsumoto N. A homozygous mutation in RNU4ATAC as a cause of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I (MOPD I) with associated pigmentary disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2885-96. [PMID: 21990275 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The designation microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) refers to a group of autosomal recessive disorders, comprising microcephaly, growth retardation, and a skeletal dysplasia. The different types of MOPD have been delineated on the basis of clinical, radiological, and genetic criteria. We describe two brothers, born to healthy, consanguineous parents, with intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly with abnormal gyral pattern and partial agenesis of corpus callosum, and skeletal anomalies reminiscent of those described in MOPD type I. This was confirmed by the identification of the homozygous g.55G > A mutation of RNU4ATAC encoding U4atac snRNA. The sibs had yellowish-gray hair, fair skin, and deficient retinal pigmentation. Skin biopsy showed abnormal melanin function but OCA genes were normal. The older sib had an intracranial hemorrhage at 1 week after birth, the younger developed chilblains-like lesions at the age 2½ years old but analysis of the SAMHD1 and TREX1 genes did not show any mutations. To the best of our knowledge, vasculopathy and pigmentary disorders have not been reported in MOPD I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kantaputra P, Tanpaiboon P, Porntaveetus T, Ohazama A, Sharpe P, Rauch A, Hussadaloy A, Thiel CT. The smallest teeth in the world are caused by mutations in the PCNT gene. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1398-403. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pihlajaniemi TL, Pirttiniemi P, Uusimaa J, Majamaa K. Craniofacial morphology in children of mothers with the m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2010; 47:234-40. [PMID: 19860506 DOI: 10.1597/08-131.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe craniofacial morphology in children from families with the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. DESIGN Transversal prospective case-control study from a tertiary center. SUBJECTS Nine children (five girls, four boys; aged 7.5 to 15.3 years) of mothers with m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy children as controls. METHODS Seventy-three cephalometric variables representing craniofacial and dental features were analyzed in lateral radiographs. The statistical dependence caused by intrafamilial correlation was taken into account by using a two-level analysis of variance model that was fitted to the data using SAS procedure MIXED. RESULTS The frontal bone was thicker and the frontal sinus, mandibular symphysis width, and lower posterior face height were larger in the subjects than in the controls. Upper incisors were more labially inclined, and the interincisal angle was smaller in subjects than in the control children. CONCLUSIONS Differences were found in craniofacial structures between the children of mothers with m.3243A>G and unaffected children. Differences in the upper incisor inclination, mandibular symphysis width, and lower posterior face height suggest an altered mandibular growth pattern in the subjects. In addition, the children had cranial aberrations such as larger frontal sinuses and the thicker frontal bone.
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Hall JG. Review and hypothesis: syndromes with severe intrauterine growth restriction and very short stature--are they related to the epigenetic mechanism(s) of fetal survival involved in the developmental origins of adult health and disease? Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:512-27. [PMID: 20101705 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing the specific type of severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that also has post-birth growth restriction is often difficult. Eight relatively common syndromes are discussed identifying their unique distinguishing features, overlapping features, and those features common to all eight syndromes. Many of these signs take a few years to develop and the lifetime natural history of the disorders has not yet been completely clarified. The theory behind developmental origins of adult health and disease suggests that there are mammalian epigenetic fetal survival mechanisms that downregulate fetal growth, both in order for the fetus to survive until birth and to prepare it for a restricted extra-uterine environment, and that these mechanisms have long lasting effects on the adult health of the individual. Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype has recently been recognized to be related to imprinting/methylation defects. Perhaps all eight syndromes, including those with single gene mutation origin, involve the mammalian mechanism(s) of fetal survival downsizing. Insights into those mechanisms should provide avenues to understanding the natural history, the heterogeneity and possible therapy not only for these eight syndromes, but for the common adult diseases with which IUGR is associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith G Hall
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, UBC and Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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15
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Galasso C, Lo-Castro A, Lalli C, Cerminara C, Curatolo P. Neurologic aspects of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 38:435-8. [PMID: 18486828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II is a specific disorder characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, acquired microcephaly, cerebrovascular abnormalities, progressive bone dysplasia, and a characteristic face. Whereas the diagnostic features of this syndrome are well-recognized, the neurologic aspects have not been clearly defined. We report on a detailed neurodevelopmental follow-up study of a new case of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, followed from the first years of life to adolescence, and we discuss the neurocognitive features of our patient. We also review the neurologic aspects of this disorder compared with syndromes with overlapping phenotypes, such as microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism types I and III and Seckel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Galasso
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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The genetic basis of inherited anomalies of the teeth. Part 2: syndromes with significant dental involvement. Eur J Med Genet 2008; 51:383-408. [PMID: 18599376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are specialized structural components of the craniofacial skeleton. Developmental defects occur either alone or in combination with other birth defects. In this paper, we review the dental anomalies in several multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) syndromes, in which the dental component is pivotal in the recognition of the phenotype and/or the molecular basis of the disorder is known. We will consider successively syndromic forms of amelogenesis imperfecta or enamel defects, dentinogenesis imperfecta (i.e. osteogenesis imperfecta) and other dentine anomalies. Focusing on dental aspects, we will review a selection of MCA syndromes associated with teeth number and/or shape anomalies. A better knowledge of the dental phenotype may contribute to an earlier diagnosis of some MCA syndromes involving teeth anomalies. They may serve as a diagnostic indicator or help confirm a syndrome diagnosis.
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Webber N, O’toole E, Paige D. Multiple café au lait spots and hypopigmented lesions : the first sign of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 2 (MIM210720). Ann Dermatol Venereol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(06)77590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kantaputra PN, Tanpaiboon P. Response to: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism with severe microdontia and skin anomalies by Dr. Judith Hall. Am J Med Genet A 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hall JG. Re: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism with severe microdontia and skin anomalies [Kantaputra et al. 2004. Am J Med Genet 130A:181-190]. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 135:114; author reply 115. [PMID: 15723335 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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