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Morguetti MJ, Neves PDMDM, Korkes I, Padilha WSC, Jorge LB, Watanabe A, Watanabe EH, Malheiros DMAC, Noronha IDL, Dib SA, Onuchic LF, Moisés RS. Podocytopathies associated with familial partial lipodystrophy due to LMNA variants: report of two cases. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e230204. [PMID: 38739524 PMCID: PMC11156176 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are characterized by complete or selective loss of adipose tissue and can be acquired or inherited. Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a hereditary lipodystrophy commonly caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. Herein, we report two cases of FPLD associated with podocytopathies. Patient 1 was diagnosed with FPLD associated with the heterozygous p.Arg482Trp variant in LMNA and had normal glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. During follow-up, she developed nephroticrange proteinuria. Renal biopsy was consistent with minimal change disease. Patient 2 was diagnosed with FPLD associated with a de novo heterozygous p.Arg349Trp variant in LMNA. Microalbuminuria progressed to macroalbuminuria within 6 years and tonephrotic range proteinuria in the last year. He remained without diabetes and with hyperinsulinemia. Renal biopsy revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis not otherwise specified. This report provides further evidence of variable features of lipodystrophy associated with LMNA variants and the importance of long-term follow-up with evaluation of kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Julia Morguetti
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ilana Korkes
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lectícia Barbosa Jorge
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Andreia Watanabe
- Divisões de Nefrologia Pediátrica e Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Elieser Hitoshi Watanabe
- Divisões de Nefrologia e Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sergio Atala Dib
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Fernando Onuchic
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Regina S Moisés
- Divisão de Endocrinologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,
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Mohar NP, Cox EM, Adelizzi E, Moore SA, Mathews KD, Darbro BW, Wallrath LL. The Influence of a Genetic Variant in CCDC78 on LMNA-Associated Skeletal Muscle Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4930. [PMID: 38732148 PMCID: PMC11084688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene-encoding A-type lamins can cause Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy Type 1B (LGMD1B). This disease presents with weakness and wasting of the proximal skeletal muscles and has a variable age of onset and disease severity. This variability has been attributed to genetic background differences among individuals; however, such variants have not been well characterized. To identify such variants, we investigated a multigeneration family in which affected individuals are diagnosed with LGMD1B. The primary genetic cause of LGMD1B in this family is a dominant mutation that activates a cryptic splice site, leading to a five-nucleotide deletion in the mature mRNA. This results in a frame shift and a premature stop in translation. Skeletal muscle biopsies from the family members showed dystrophic features of variable severity, with the muscle fibers of some family members possessing cores, regions of sarcomeric disruption, and a paucity of mitochondria, not commonly associated with LGMD1B. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), we identified 21 DNA sequence variants that segregate with the family members possessing more profound dystrophic features and muscle cores. These include a relatively common variant in coiled-coil domain containing protein 78 (CCDC78). This variant was given priority because another mutation in CCDC78 causes autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy-4, which causes cores in addition to centrally positioned nuclei. Therefore, we analyzed muscle biopsies from family members and discovered that those with both the LMNA mutation and the CCDC78 variant contain muscle cores that accumulated both CCDC78 and RyR1. Muscle cores containing mislocalized CCDC78 and RyR1 were absent in the less profoundly affected family members possessing only the LMNA mutation. Taken together, our findings suggest that a relatively common variant in CCDC78 can impart profound muscle pathology in combination with a LMNA mutation and accounts for variability in skeletal muscle disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Mohar
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Efrem M. Cox
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (S.A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNLV School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Emily Adelizzi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Steven A. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (S.A.M.)
| | - Katherine D. Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Benjamin W. Darbro
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Besci O, Foss de Freitas MC, Guidorizzi NR, Guler MC, Gilio D, Maung JN, Schill RL, Hoose KS, Obua BN, Gomes AD, Yıldırım Şimşir I, Demir K, Akinci B, MacDougald OA, Oral EA. Deciphering the Clinical Presentations in LMNA-related Lipodystrophy: Report of 115 Cases and a Systematic Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1204-e1224. [PMID: 37843397 PMCID: PMC10876415 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipodystrophy syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare genetic or acquired disorders characterized by generalized or partial loss of adipose tissue. LMNA-related lipodystrophy syndromes are classified based on the severity and distribution of adipose tissue loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed to annotate all clinical and metabolic features of patients with lipodystrophy syndromes carrying pathogenic LMNA variants and assess potential genotype-phenotype relationships. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed all our cases (n = 115) and all published cases (n = 379) curated from 94 studies in the literature. RESULTS The study included 494 patients. The most common variants in our study, R482Q and R482W, were associated with similar metabolic characteristics and complications though those with the R482W variant were younger (aged 33 [24] years vs 44 [25] years; P < .001), had an earlier diabetes diagnosis (aged 27 [18] vs 40 [17] years; P < .001) and had lower body mass index levels (24 [5] vs 25 [4]; P = .037). Dyslipidemia was the earliest biochemical evidence described in 83% of all patients at a median age of 26 (10) years, while diabetes was reported in 61% of cases. Among 39 patients with an episode of acute pancreatitis, the median age at acute pancreatitis diagnosis was 20 (17) years. Patients who were reported to have diabetes had 3.2 times, while those with hypertriglyceridemia had 12.0 times, the odds of having pancreatitis compared to those who did not. CONCLUSION This study reports the largest number of patients with LMNA-related lipodystrophy syndromes to date. Our report helps to quantify the prevalence of the known and rare complications associated with different phenotypes and serves as a comprehensive catalog of all known cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Besci
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | | | | | - Merve Celik Guler
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Internal Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Jessica N Maung
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Keegan S Hoose
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Bonje N Obua
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Anabela D Gomes
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ilgın Yıldırım Şimşir
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Baris Akinci
- DEPARK, Dokuz Eylul University & Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Odinammadu KO, Shilagardi K, Tuminelli K, Judge DP, Gordon LB, Michaelis S. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib improves nuclear morphology in ZMPSTE24-deficient fibroblasts from patients with the progeroid disorder MAD-B. Nucleus 2023; 14:2288476. [PMID: 38050983 PMCID: PMC10730222 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2288476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several related progeroid disorders are caused by defective post-translational processing of prelamin A, the precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A, encoded by LMNA. Prelamin A undergoes farnesylation and additional modifications at its C-terminus. Subsequently, the farnesylated C-terminal segment is cleaved off by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. The premature aging disorder Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and a related progeroid disease, mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD-B), are caused by mutations in LMNA and ZMPSTE24, respectively, that result in failure to process the lamin A precursor and accumulate permanently farnesylated forms of prelamin A. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) lonafarnib is known to correct the aberrant nuclear morphology of HGPS patient cells and improves lifespan in children with HGPS. Importantly, and in contrast to a previous report, we show here that FTI treatment also improves the aberrant nuclear phenotypes in MAD-B patient cells with mutations in ZMPSTE24 (P248L or L425P). As expected, lonafarnib does not correct nuclear defects for cells with lamin A processing-proficient mutations. We also examine prelamin A processing in fibroblasts from two individuals with a prevalent laminopathy mutation LMNA-R644C. Despite the proximity of residue R644 to the prelamin A cleavage site, neither R644C patient cell line shows a prelamin A processing defect, and both have normal nuclear morphology. This work clarifies the prelamin A processing status and role of FTIs in a variety of laminopathy patient cells and supports the FDA-approved indication for the FTI Zokinvy for patients with processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies, but not for patients with processing-proficient laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamsi O. Odinammadu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Daniel P. Judge
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Leslie B. Gordon
- The Progeria Research Foundation, Peabody, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children’s Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Atique Tacla M, de Mello Copelli M, Pairet E, Monlleó IL, Ribeiro EM, Lustosa Mendes E, Helaers R, Vieira TP, Vikkula M, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL. Molecular investigation in individuals with orofacial clefts and microphthalmia-anophthalmia-coloboma spectrum. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01488-5. [PMID: 37932364 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes genomic findings among individuals with both orofacial clefts (OC) and microphthalmia/anophthalmia/coloboma (MAC) recorded in the Brazilian Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (BDCA). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) were performed in 17 individuals with OC-MAC. Clinical interpretation of molecular findings was based on data available at the BDCA and on re-examination. No copy number variants (CNVs) classified as likely pathogenic or pathogenic were detected by CMA. WES allowed a conclusive diagnosis in six individuals (35.29%), two of them with variants in the CHD7 gene, and the others with variants in the TFAP2A, POMT1, PTPN11, and TP63 genes with the following syndromes: CHARGE, CHD7-spectrum, Branchiooculofacial, POMT1-spectrum, LEOPARD, and ADULT. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) possibly associated to the phenotypes were found in six other individuals. Among the individuals with VUSes, three individuals presented variants in genes associated to defects of cilia structure and/or function, including DYNC2H1, KIAA0586, WDR34, INTU, RPGRIP1L, KIF7, and LMNA. These results show that WES was the most effective molecular approach for OC-MAC in this cohort. This study also reinforces the genetic heterogeneity of OC-MAC, and the importance of genes related to ciliopathies in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Atique Tacla
- Department of Translational Medicine, Area of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Mello Copelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Area of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Eleonore Pairet
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabella Lopes Monlleó
- Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Medical Genetics Sector, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raphaël Helaers
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tarsis Paiva Vieira
- Department of Translational Medicine, Area of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Lúcia Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Department of Translational Medicine, Area of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Saffari A, Lau T, Tajsharghi H, Karimiani EG, Kariminejad A, Efthymiou S, Zifarelli G, Sultan T, Toosi MB, Sedighzadeh S, Siu VM, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, AlShamsi AM, Ibrahim S, Al-Sannaa NA, Al-Hertani W, Sandra W, Tarnopolsky M, Alavi S, Li C, Day-Salvatore DL, Martínez-González MJ, Levandoski KM, Bedoukian E, Madan-Khetarpal S, Idleburg MJ, Menezes MJ, Siddharth A, Platzer K, Oppermann H, Smitka M, Collins F, Lek M, Shahrooei M, Ghavideldarestani M, Herman I, Rendu J, Faure J, Baker J, Bhambhani V, Calderwood L, Akhondian J, Imannezhad S, Mirzadeh HS, Hashemi N, Doosti M, Safi M, Ahangari N, Torbati PN, Abedini S, Salpietro V, Gulec EY, Eshaghian S, Ghazavi M, Pascher MT, Vogel M, Abicht A, Moutton S, Bruel AL, Rieubland C, Gallati S, Strom TM, Lochmüller H, Mohammadi MH, Alvi JR, Zackai EH, Keena BA, Skraban CM, Berger SI, Andrew EH, Rahimian E, Morrow MM, Wentzensen IM, Millan F, Henderson LB, Dafsari HS, Jungbluth H, Gomez-Ospina N, McRae A, Peter M, Veltra D, Marinakis NM, Sofocleous C, Ashrafzadeh F, Pehlivan D, Lemke JR, Melki J, Benezit A, Bauer P, Weis D, Lupski JR, Senderek J, Christodoulou J, Chung WK, Goodchild R, Offiah AC, Moreno-De-Luca A, Suri M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Houlden H, Maroofian R. The clinical and genetic spectrum of autosomal-recessive TOR1A-related disorders. Brain 2023; 146:3273-3288. [PMID: 36757831 PMCID: PMC10393417 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of rare diseases, progress in molecular diagnostics led to the recognition that variants linked to autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative diseases of later onset can, in the context of biallelic inheritance, cause devastating neurodevelopmental disorders and infantile or childhood-onset neurodegeneration. TOR1A-associated arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 5 (AMC5) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder arising from biallelic variants in TOR1A, a gene that in the heterozygous state is associated with torsion dystonia-1 (DYT1 or DYT-TOR1A), an early-onset dystonia with reduced penetrance. While 15 individuals with AMC5-TOR1A have been reported (less than 10 in detail), a systematic investigation of the full disease-associated spectrum has not been conducted. Here, we assess the clinical, radiological and molecular characteristics of 57 individuals from 40 families with biallelic variants in TOR1A. Median age at last follow-up was 3 years (0-24 years). Most individuals presented with severe congenital flexion contractures (95%) and variable developmental delay (79%). Motor symptoms were reported in 79% and included lower limb spasticity and pyramidal signs, as well as gait disturbances. Facial dysmorphism was an integral part of the phenotype, with key features being a broad/full nasal tip, narrowing of the forehead and full cheeks. Analysis of disease-associated manifestations delineated a phenotypic spectrum ranging from normal cognition and mild gait disturbance to congenital arthrogryposis, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, absent speech and inability to walk. In a subset, the presentation was consistent with foetal akinesia deformation sequence with severe intrauterine abnormalities. Survival was 71%, with higher mortality in males. Death occurred at a median age of 1.2 months (1 week-9 years), due to respiratory failure, cardiac arrest or sepsis. Analysis of brain MRI studies identified non-specific neuroimaging features, including a hypoplastic corpus callosum (72%), foci of signal abnormality in the subcortical and periventricular white matter (55%), diffuse white matter volume loss (45%), mega cisterna magna (36%) and arachnoid cysts (27%). The molecular spectrum included 22 distinct variants, defining a mutational hotspot in the C-terminal domain of the Torsin-1A protein. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed an association of missense variants in the 3-helix bundle domain to an attenuated phenotype, while missense variants near the Walker A/B motif as well as biallelic truncating variants were linked to early death. In summary, this systematic cross-sectional analysis of a large cohort of individuals with biallelic TOR1A variants across a wide age-range delineates the clinical and genetic spectrum of TOR1A-related autosomal-recessive disease and highlights potential predictors for disease severity and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Saffari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tracy Lau
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Homa Tajsharghi
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Biomedicine, University of Skovde, Skovde, Sweden
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Sedighzadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
- KaryoGen, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Victoria Mok Siu
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aisha M AlShamsi
- Genetic Division, Pediatrics Department, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shahnaz Ibrahim
- Department of pediatrics and child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Walla Al-Hertani
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Whalen Sandra
- APHP UF de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence des Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, APHP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, ERN ITHACA, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics (MT – Neuromuscular and Neurometabolics, CL – Medical Genetics), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahryar Alavi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics (MT – Neuromuscular and Neurometabolics, CL – Medical Genetics), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra-Lynn Day-Salvatore
- The Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine at Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Kristin M Levandoski
- The Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine at Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Emma Bedoukian
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michaela J Idleburg
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Minal Juliet Menezes
- Department of Anaesthesia, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, and Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aishwarya Siddharth
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Smitka
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felicity Collins
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, and Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mohmmad Shahrooei
- Medical Laboratory of Dr. Shahrooei, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Isabella Herman
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - John Rendu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Faure
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Janice Baker
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vikas Bhambhani
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laurel Calderwood
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Javad Akhondian
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Imannezhad
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Sadat Mirzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Doosti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Safi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Innovative medical research centre, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Abedini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical School, Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammadreza Ghazavi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Michael T Pascher
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Vogel
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Abicht
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Munich, German
| | - Sébastien Moutton
- Multidisciplinary Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, Pôle Mère Enfant, Maison de Santé Protestante Bordeaux Bagatelle, Talence, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Équipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD), INSERM UMR1231, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Gallati
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Javeria Raza Alvi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital and the University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth A Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cara M Skraban
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seth I Berger
- Children's National Research Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | - Erin H Andrew
- Children's National Research Institute, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Ageing and CECAD, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anne McRae
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Merlene Peter
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Danai Veltra
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos M Marinakis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christalena Sofocleous
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith Melki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Benezit
- Neurologie et réanimation pédiatrique, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, APHP, Garches, France
| | - Peter Bauer
- CENTOGENE GmbH, Am Strande 7, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Denisa Weis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kepler University Hospital, Johann Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John Christodoulou
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, and Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne and Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose Goodchild
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory for Dystonia Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Genomic Medicine Institute, Department of Radiology, Diagnostic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Wang Y, Dobreva G. Epigenetics in LMNA-Related Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050783. [PMID: 36899919 PMCID: PMC10001118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for lamin A/C (LMNA) cause a diverse range of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related cardiomyopathy is a common inherited heart disease and is highly penetrant with a poor prognosis. In the past years, numerous investigations using mouse models, stem cell technologies, and patient samples have characterized the phenotypic diversity caused by specific LMNA variants and contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of heart disease. As a component of the nuclear envelope, LMNA regulates nuclear mechanostability and function, chromatin organization, and gene transcription. This review will focus on the different cardiomyopathies caused by LMNA mutations, address the role of LMNA in chromatin organization and gene regulation, and discuss how these processes go awry in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
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8
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Clinical Spectrum of LMNA-Associated Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050725. [PMID: 36899861 PMCID: PMC10000975 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) is a laminopathic lipodystrophy due to pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene. Its rarity implies that it is not well-known. The aim of this review was to explore the published data regarding the clinical characterisation of this syndrome in order to better describe FPLD2. For this purpose, a systematic review through a search on PubMed until December 2022 was conducted and the references of the retrieved articles were also screened. A total of 113 articles were included. FPLD2 is characterised by the loss of fat starting around puberty in women, affecting limbs and trunk, and its accumulation in the face, neck and abdominal viscera. This adipose tissue dysfunction conditions the development of metabolic complications associated with insulin resistance, such as diabetes, dyslipidaemia, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive disorders. However, a great degree of phenotypical variability has been described. Therapeutic approaches are directed towards the associated comorbidities, and recent treatment modalities have been explored. A comprehensive comparison between FPLD2 and other FPLD subtypes can also be found in the present review. This review aimed to contribute towards augmenting knowledge of the natural history of FPLD2 by bringing together the main clinical research in this field.
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9
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Adeva-Andany MM, Adeva-Contreras L, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, Domínguez-Montero A. Histological Manifestations of Diabetic Kidney Disease and its Relationship with Insulin Resistance. Curr Diabetes Rev 2023; 19:50-70. [PMID: 35346008 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666220328145046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Histological manifestations of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) include mesangiolysis, mesangial matrix expansion, mesangial cell proliferation, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, podocyte loss, foot process effacement, and hyalinosis of the glomerular arterioles, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Glomerulomegaly is a typical finding. Histological features of DKD may occur in the absence of clinical manifestations, having been documented in patients with normal urinary albumin excretion and normal glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, the histological picture progresses over time, while clinical data may remain normal. Conversely, histological lesions of DKD improve with metabolic normalization following effective pancreas transplantation. Insulin resistance has been associated with the clinical manifestations of DKD (nephromegaly, glomerular hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and kidney failure). Likewise, insulin resistance may underlie the histological manifestations of DKD. Morphological changes of DKD are absent in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients (with no insulin resistance) but appear afterward when insulin resistance develops. In contrast, structural lesions of DKD are typically present before the clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Several heterogeneous conditions that share the occurrence of insulin resistance, such as aging, obesity, acromegaly, lipodystrophy, cystic fibrosis, insulin receptor dysfunction, and Alström syndrome, also share both clinical and structural manifestations of kidney disease, including glomerulomegaly and other features of DKD, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and C3 glomerulopathy, which might be ascribed to the reduction in the synthesis of factor H binding sites (such as heparan sulfate) that leads to uncontrolled complement activation. Alström syndrome patients show systemic interstitial fibrosis markedly similar to that present in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Lucía Adeva-Contreras
- University of Santiago de Compostela Medical School, Santiago de Compostela, Acoruna, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández-Fernández
- Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Montero
- Internal Medicine Department, Nephrology Division, Hospital General Juan Cardona c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406 Ferrol, Spain
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10
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Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Human Diseases Caused by Mutations of LINC Complex-Associated Genes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244065. [PMID: 36552829 PMCID: PMC9777268 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding proteins associated with the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex within the nuclear envelope cause different diseases with varying phenotypes including skeletal muscle, cardiac, metabolic, or nervous system pathologies. There is some understanding of the structure of LINC complex-associated proteins and how they interact, but it is unclear how mutations in genes encoding them can cause the same disease, and different diseases with different phenotypes. Here, published mutations in LINC complex-associated proteins were systematically reviewed and analyzed to ascertain whether patterns exist between the genetic sequence variants and clinical phenotypes. This revealed LMNA is the only LINC complex-associated gene in which mutations commonly cause distinct conditions, and there are no clear genotype-phenotype correlations. Clusters of LMNA variants causing striated muscle disease are located in exons 1 and 6, and metabolic disease-associated LMNA variants are frequently found in the tail of lamin A/C. Additionally, exon 6 of the emerin gene, EMD, may be a mutation "hot-spot", and diseases related to SYNE1, encoding nesprin-1, are most often caused by nonsense type mutations. These results provide insight into the diverse roles of LINC-complex proteins in human disease and provide direction for future gene-targeted therapy development.
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11
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Crespo RP, Rocha TP, Montenegro LR, Nishi MY, Jorge AAL, Maciel GAR, Baracat E, Latronico AC, Mendonca BB, Gomes LG. High Throughput Sequencing to Identify Monogenic Etiologies in a Preselected Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Cohort. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac106. [PMID: 35898701 PMCID: PMC9309801 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) etiology remains to be elucidated, but familial clustering and twin studies have shown a strong heritable component. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify rare genetic variants that are associated with the etiology of PCOS in a preselected cohort. Methods This prospective study was conducted among a selected group of women with PCOS. The study’s inclusion criteria were patients with PCOS diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria with the following phenotypes: severe insulin resistance (IR), normoandrogenic–normometabolic phenotype, adrenal hyperandrogenism, primary amenorrhea, and familial PCOS. Forty-five patients were studied by target sequencing, while 8 familial cases were studied by whole exome sequencing. Results Patients were grouped according to the inclusion criteria with the following distribution: 22 (41.5%) with severe IR, 13 (24.5%) with adrenal hyperandrogenism, 7 (13.2%) with normoandrogenic phenotype, 3 (5.7%) with primary amenorrhea, and 8 (15.1%) familial cases. DNA sequencing analysis identified 1 pathogenic variant in LMNA, 3 likely pathogenic variants in INSR, PIK3R1, and DLK1, and 6 variants of uncertain significance level with interesting biologic rationale in 5 genes (LMNA, GATA4, NR5A1, BMP15, and FSHR). LMNA was the most prevalent affected gene in this cohort (3 variants). Conclusion Several rare variants in genes related to IR were identified in women with PCOS. Although IR is a common feature of PCOS, patients with extreme or atypical phenotype should be carefully evaluated to rule out monogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane P Crespo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais P Rocha
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luciana R Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
- Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mirian Y Nishi
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
- Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexander A L Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM 25), Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gustavo A R Maciel
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Edmund Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
- Laboratório de Sequenciamento em Larga Escala (SELA), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Larissa G Gomes
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brasil
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12
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Echocardiographic Deformation Imaging for Early Detection of Genetic Cardiomyopathies: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:594-608. [PMID: 35144751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical screening of the relatives of patients with genetic cardiomyopathies is challenging, as they often lack detectable cardiac abnormalities at presentation. Life-threatening adverse events can already occur in these early stages of disease, so sensitive tools to reveal the earliest signs of disease are needed. The utility of echocardiographic deformation imaging for early detection has been explored for this population in multiple studies but has not been broadly implemented in clinical practice. The authors discuss contemporary evidence on the utility of deformation imaging in relatives of patients with genetic cardiomyopathies. The available body of data shows that deformation imaging reveals early disease-specific abnormalities in dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Deformation imaging seems promising to enhance the screening and follow-up protocols in relatives, and the authors propose measures to accelerate its implementation in clinical care.
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13
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Clinical Implication of Genetic Testing in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2022; 4:1-11. [PMID: 36262197 PMCID: PMC9383343 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the important causes of heart failure (HF). With the rapidly evolving technologies for gene analysis and tremendous advances in knowledge of HF genetics, the importance of genetic testing in DCM is currently highlighted. Several genetic variants causing DCM have been identified and this information is used for diagnosis, risk stratification and family screening of DCM patients. However, there are still several challenges in applying genetic testing to real clinical practice. In this review, we will summarize recent understandings in DCM genetics and provide an evidence-based practical guide to the use of genetic testing for DCM patients.
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14
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Jang S, Ahn YH, Ko JM, Ko JS, Lim S, Kang HG. Case report: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a pediatric atypical progeroid syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1032653. [PMID: 36389384 PMCID: PMC9660256 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1032653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical progeroid syndrome (APS) is a rare type of progeroid syndrome mainly caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the LMNA (MIM 150330) gene. APS has heterogeneous clinical manifestations, and its kidney manifestations, particularly in children, are rarely documented. Here, we report the first pediatric case of APS with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A 10-year-old boy with progeroid features was referred to the nephrology clinic because of hyperuricemia. He had dark skin, protruding eyes, and beaked nose and was very thin, suggesting lipodystrophy. He had been treated for recurrent urinary tract infection during infancy, and liver biopsy for persisting hepatitis showed steatohepatitis. He also had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) with mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Genetic studies were performed considering his multisystem symptoms, and he was diagnosed as having APS according to exome sequencing findings (c.898G > C, p.Asp300His of LMNA). During the first visit to the nephrology clinic, he had minimal proteinuria (urine protein/creatinine ratio of 0.23 mg/mg), which worsened during follow-up. In three years, his urine protein/creatinine ratio and N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase/creatinine ratio increased to 1.52 and 18.7, respectively. The kidney biopsy result was consistent with findings of FSGS, peri-hilar type, showing segmental sclerosis of 1 (5%) glomerulus out of 21 glomeruli. An angiotensin receptor blocker was added to manage his proteinuria. This is the first pediatric report of FSGS in an APS patient with confirmed LMNA defect, who manifested progeroid features, lipodystrophy, HCMP with heart valve dysfunction, and steatohepatitis. Our case suggests that screening for proteinuric nephropathy is essential for managing APS patients since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyun Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Rare Disease Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sojung Lim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, South Korea
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15
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Lin Y, Huang J, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Xian J, Yang Z, Qin T, Chen L, Huang J, Huang Y, Wu Q, Hu Z, Lin X, Xu G. Overlap phenotypes of the left ventricular noncompaction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with complex arrhythmias and heart failure induced by the novel truncated DSC2 mutation. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:496. [PMID: 34819141 PMCID: PMC8611834 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare subtype of cardiomyopathy associated with a high risk of heart failure (HF), thromboembolism, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Methods The proband with overlap phenotypes of LVNC and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) complicates atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and HF due to the diffuse myocardial lesion, which were diagnosed by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Peripheral blood was collected from the proband and his relatives. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of proband for high-throughput target capture sequencing. The Sanger sequence verified the variants. The protein was extracted from the skin of the proband and healthy volunteer. The expression difference of desmocollin2 was detected by Western blot. Results The novel heterozygous truncated mutation (p.K47Rfs*2) of the DSC2 gene encoding an important component of desmosomes was detected by targeted capture sequencing. The western blots showed that the expressing level of functional desmocollin2 protein (~ 94kd) was lower in the proband than that in the healthy volunteer, indicating that DSC2 p.K47Rfs*2 obviously reduced the functional desmocollin2 protein expression in the proband. Conclusion The heterozygous DSC2 p.K47Rfs*2 remarkably and abnormally reduced the functional desmocollin2 expression, which may potentially induce the overlap phenotypes of LVNC and HCM, complicating AF, VT, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubi Lin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jiana Huang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.,Reproductive Center, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Jianzhong Xian
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Tingfeng Qin
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jingmin Huang
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Xiufang Lin
- The Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Department of Cardiology, Radiology and Ultrasonography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Geyang Xu
- Department of Physiology, The School of Medicine of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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16
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Babatz TD, Spear ED, Xu W, Sun OL, Nie L, Carpenter EP, Michaelis S. Site specificity determinants for prelamin A cleavage by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100165. [PMID: 33293369 PMCID: PMC7948416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The integral membrane zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is important for human health and longevity. ZMPSTE24 performs a key proteolytic step in maturation of prelamin A, the farnesylated precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. Mutations in the genes encoding either prelamin A or ZMPSTE24 that prevent cleavage cause the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and related progeroid disorders. ZMPSTE24 has a novel structure, with seven transmembrane spans that form a large water-filled membrane chamber whose catalytic site faces the chamber interior. Prelamin A is the only known mammalian substrate for ZMPSTE24; however, the basis of this specificity remains unclear. To define the sequence requirements for ZMPSTE24 cleavage, we mutagenized the eight residues flanking the prelamin A scissile bond (TRSY↓LLGN) to all other 19 amino acids, creating a library of 152 variants. We also replaced these eight residues with sequences derived from putative ZMPSTE24 cleavage sites from amphibian, bird, and fish prelamin A. Cleavage of prelamin A variants was assessed using an in vivo yeast assay that provides a sensitive measure of ZMPSTE24 processing efficiency. We found that residues on the C-terminal side of the cleavage site are most sensitive to changes. Consistent with other zinc metalloproteases, including thermolysin, ZMPSTE24 preferred hydrophobic residues at the P1’ position (Leu647), but in addition, showed a similar, albeit muted, pattern at P2’. Our findings begin to define a consensus sequence for ZMPSTE24 that helps to clarify how this physiologically important protease functions and may ultimately lead to identifying additional substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Babatz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Olivia L Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Laiyin Nie
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Elisabeth P Carpenter
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland, USA.
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17
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Magno S, Ceccarini G, Pelosini C, Ferrari F, Prodam F, Gilio D, Maffei M, Sessa MR, Barison A, Ciccarone A, Emdin M, Aimaretti G, Santini F. Atypical Progeroid Syndrome and Partial Lipodystrophy Due to LMNA Gene p.R349W Mutation. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa108. [PMID: 32913962 PMCID: PMC7474543 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical progeroid syndrome (APS) comprises heterogeneous disorders characterized by variable degrees of fat loss, metabolic alterations, and comorbidities that affect skeleton, muscles, and/or the heart. We describe 3 patients that were referred to our center for the suspicion of lipodystrophy. They had precocious aging traits such as short stature, mandibular hypoplasia, beaked nose, and partial alopecia manifesting around 10 to 15 years of age recurrently associated with: (1) partial lipodystrophy; (2) proteinuric nephropathy; (3) heart disease (rhythm disorders, valvular abnormalities, and cardiomyopathy); and (4) sensorineural hearing impairment. In all patients, genetic testing revealed a missense heterozygous lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutation c.1045 C > T (p.Arg349Trp). Ten patients with LMNA p.R349W mutation have been reported so far, all presenting with similar features, which represent the key pathological hallmarks of this subtype of APS. The associated kidney and cardiac complications occurring in the natural history of the disease may reduce life expectancy. Therefore, in these patients a careful and periodic cardiac and kidney function evaluation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Magno
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Pelosini
- Laboratories of Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology of the University Hospital of Cisanello, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Medical Sciences "Amedeo Avogadro" University of Novara, University of Piemonte Orientale, Division of Pediatrics, Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Gilio
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Sessa
- Laboratories of Clinical Chemistry and Endocrinology of the University Hospital of Cisanello, Italy
| | - Andrea Barison
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Emdin
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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Resende ATP, Martins CS, Bueno AC, Moreira AC, Foss-Freitas MC, de Castro M. Phenotypic diversity and glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 91:94-103. [PMID: 30954027 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) is characterized by insulin resistance, adipose atrophy of the extremities and central obesity. Due to the resemblance with Cushing's syndrome, we hypothesized a putative role of glucocorticoid in the pathogenesis of metabolic abnormalities in FPLD2. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phenotypic heterogeneity and glucocorticoid sensitivity in FPLD2 patients exhibiting the p.R482W or p.R644C LMNA mutations. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Prospective study with FPLD2 patients (n = 24) and controls (n = 24), who underwent anthropometric, body composition, metabolic profile and adipokines/cytokine plasma measurements. Plasma and salivary cortisol were measured in basal conditions and after 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg of dexamethasone (DEX) given at 23:00 hours. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and 11βHSD isoforms expression were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 individuals presented increased waist and neck circumferences, decreased hip circumference, peripheral skinfold thickness and fat mass. Patients presented increased HOMA-IR, triglycerides, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, and decreased adiponectin and leptin plasma levels. FPLD2 patients showed decreased ability to suppress the HPA axis compared with controls after 0.5 mg DEX. The phenotype was more pronounced in patients harbouring the p.R482W LMNA mutation. GRβ overexpression in PBMC was observed in female patients compared with female controls. CONCLUSIONS Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 patients exhibited anthropometric, clinical and biochemical phenotypic heterogeneity related to LMNA mutation sites and to gender. LMNA mutations affecting both lamin A and lamin C lead to more severe phenotype. FPLD2 patients also showed blunted HPA axis response to DEX, probably due to the association of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines with GRβ overexpression leading to a more severe phenotype in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Prata Resende
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Bueno
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ayrton Custódio Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Foss-Freitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
The practice of genomic medicine stands to revolutionize our approach to medical care, and to realize this goal will require discovery of the relationship between rare variation at each of the ~ 20,000 protein-coding genes and their consequent impact on individual health and expression of Mendelian disease. The step-wise evolution of broad-based, genome-wide cytogenetic and molecular genomic testing approaches (karyotyping, chromosomal microarray [CMA], exome sequencing [ES]) has driven much of the rare disease discovery to this point, with genome sequencing representing the newest member of this team. Each step has brought increased sensitivity to interrogate individual genomic variation in an unbiased method that does not require clinical prediction of the locus or loci involved. Notably, each step has also brought unique limitations in variant detection, for example, the low sensitivity of ES for detection of triploidy, and of CMA for detection of copy neutral structural variants. The utility of genome sequencing (GS) as a clinical molecular diagnostic test, and the increased sensitivity afforded by addition of long-read sequencing or other -omics technologies such as RNAseq or metabolomics, are not yet fully explored, though recent work supports improved sensitivity of variant detection, at least in a subset of cases. The utility of GS will also rely upon further elucidation of the complexities of genetic and allelic heterogeneity, multilocus rare variation, and the impact of rare and common variation at a locus, as well as advances in functional annotation of identified variants. Much discovery remains to be done before the potential utility of GS is fully appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, T603, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Hussain I, Patni N, Garg A. Lipodystrophies, dyslipidaemias and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pathology 2019; 51:202-212. [PMID: 30595509 PMCID: PMC6402807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are rare, heterogeneous, genetic or acquired, disorders characterised by varying degrees of body fat loss and associated metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, dyslipidaemias, hepatic steatosis and predisposition to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The four main types of lipodystrophy, excluding antiretroviral therapy-induced lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients, are congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL), familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD), acquired generalised lipodystrophy (AGL) and acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL). This paper reviews the literature related to the prevalence of dyslipidaemias and ASCVD in patients with lipodystrophies. Patients with CGL, AGL and FPLD have increased prevalence of dyslipidaemia but those with APL do not. Patients with CGL as well as AGL present in childhood, and have severe dyslipidaemias (mainly hypertriglyceridaemia) and early onset diabetes mellitus as a consequence of extreme fat loss. However, only a few patients with CGL and AGL have been reported to develop coronary heart disease. In contrast, data from some small cohorts of FPLD patients reveal increased prevalence of ASCVD especially among women. Patients with APL have a relatively low prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes mellitus. Overall, patients with lipodystrophies appear to be at high risk of ASCVD due to increased prevalence of dyslipidaemia and diabetes and efforts should be made to manage these metabolic complications aggressively to prevent ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Hussain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, and Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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21
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Yurekli B, Ozdemir Kutbay N, Altay C, Unlu SM, Sen S, Onay H, Atik T, Akinci B. A new type of familial partial lipodystrophy: distinctive fat distribution and proteinuria. Endocr Res 2018; 43:258-263. [PMID: 29733702 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1470188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe an interesting subtype of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD). METHODS The phenotype of this distinctive FPLD subtype was studied in three Turkish female siblings. RESULTS Mutation testing was negative for the genes associated with lipodystrophy syndromes. In MRI studies, fat loss was prominent in the posterior aspects of the proximal lower limbs, whilst some fat was preserved in the anterior, medial and lateral aspects. Remarkably, fat tissue was preserved in the distal part of the limbs. Local fat accumulation was observed in the mons pubis area. Asymmetrical fat loss was also remarkable in the upper extremities. All three patients had severe insulin resistance associated with diabetes mellitus, acanthosis nigricans, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis. Abnormal amounts of proteinuria were detected in all three subjects. Renal biopsy showed mild tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, irregular thickening and wrinkling of glomerular basal membranes, small areas of segmental sclerosis and pedicel effacement. CONCLUSIONS We reported a form of FPLD characterized by a striking pattern of highly selective partial fat loss and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Yurekli
- a Division of Endocrinology , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | | | - Canan Altay
- b Department of Radiology , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
| | | | - Sait Sen
- d Department of Pathology , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Huseyin Onay
- e Department of Medical Genetics , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- e Department of Medical Genetics , Ege University , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Baris Akinci
- f Division of Endocrinology , Dokuz Eylul University , Izmir , Turkey
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22
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Simon DN, Wriston A, Fan Q, Shabanowitz J, Florwick A, Dharmaraj T, Peterson SB, Gruenbaum Y, Carlson CR, Grønning-Wang LM, Hunt DF, Wilson KL. OGT ( O-GlcNAc Transferase) Selectively Modifies Multiple Residues Unique to Lamin A. Cells 2018; 7:E44. [PMID: 29772801 PMCID: PMC5981268 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes lamins A and C with key roles in nuclear structure, signaling, gene regulation, and genome integrity. Mutations in LMNA cause over 12 diseases ('laminopathies'). Lamins A and C are identical for their first 566 residues. However, they form separate filaments in vivo, with apparently distinct roles. We report that lamin A is β-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine-(O-GlcNAc)-modified in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells and in mouse liver. In vitro assays with purified O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme showed robust O-GlcNAcylation of recombinant mature lamin A tails (residues 385⁻646), with no detectable modification of lamin B1, lamin C, or 'progerin' (Δ50) tails. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 11 O-GlcNAc sites in a 'sweet spot' unique to lamin A, with up to seven sugars per peptide. Most sites were unpredicted by current algorithms. Double-mutant (S612A/T643A) lamin A tails were still robustly O-GlcNAc-modified at seven sites. By contrast, O-GlcNAcylation was undetectable on tails bearing deletion Δ50, which causes Hutchinson⁻Gilford progeria syndrome, and greatly reduced by deletion Δ35. We conclude that residues deleted in progeria are required for substrate recognition and/or modification by OGT in vitro. Interestingly, deletion Δ35, which does not remove the majority of identified O-GlcNAc sites, does remove potential OGT-association motifs (lamin A residues 622⁻625 and 639⁻645) homologous to that in mouse Tet1. These biochemical results are significant because they identify a novel molecular pathway that may profoundly influence lamin A function. The hypothesis that lamin A is selectively regulated by OGT warrants future testing in vivo, along with two predictions: genetic variants may contribute to disease by perturbing OGT-dependent regulation, and nutrient or other stresses might cause OGT to misregulate wildtype lamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan N Simon
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Amanda Wriston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Alyssa Florwick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sherket B Peterson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line M Grønning-Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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23
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Finsterer J, Stöllberger C. Reasons for missing noncompaction in myopathies and vice versa. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 35:20-22. [PMID: 29730526 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Stöllberger
- 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Gargiuli C, Schena E, Mattioli E, Columbaro M, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Greggi T, Lattanzi G. Lamins and bone disorders: current understanding and perspectives. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22817-22831. [PMID: 29854317 PMCID: PMC5978267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C is a major constituent of the nuclear lamina implicated in a number of genetic diseases, collectively known as laminopathies. The most severe forms of laminopathies feature, among other symptoms, congenital scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteolysis or delayed cranial ossification. Importantly, specific bone districts are typically affected in laminopathies. Spine is severely affected in LMNA-linked congenital muscular dystrophy. Mandible, terminal phalanges and clavicles undergo osteolytic processes in progeroid laminopathies and Restrictive Dermopathy, a lethal developmental laminopathy. This specificity suggests that lamin A/C regulates fine mechanisms of bone turnover, as supported by data showing that lamin A/C mutations activate non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis, as the one dependent on TGF beta 2. Here, we review current knowledge on laminopathies affecting bone and LMNA involvement in bone turnover and highlight lamin-dependent mechanisms causing bone disorders. This knowledge can be exploited to identify new therapeutic approaches not only for laminopathies, but also for other rare diseases featuring bone abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gargiuli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Greggi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Spine Deformity Department, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
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25
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Madej-Pilarczyk A, Marchel M, Ochman K, Cegielska J, Steckiewicz R. Low-symptomatic skeletal muscle disease in patients with a cardiac disease - Diagnostic approach in skeletal muscle laminopathies. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2017; 52:174-180. [PMID: 28987496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mild skeletal muscle symptoms might be accompanied with severe cardiac disease, sometimes indicating a serious inherited disorder. Very often it is a cardiologist who refers a patient with cardiomyopathy and/or cardiac arrhythmia and discrete muscle disease for neurological consultation, which helps to establish a proper diagnosis. Here we present three families in which a diagnosis of skeletal muscle laminopathy was made after careful examination of the members, who presented with cardiac arrhythmia and/or heart failure and a mild skeletal muscle disease, which together with positive family history allowed to direct the molecular diagnostics and then provide appropriate treatment and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Madej-Pilarczyk
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Marchel
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Ochman
- Clinics and Medical Laboratories INVICTA, Genetics Clinic, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Cegielska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Steckiewicz
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Arbustini E, Favalli V, Narula N, Serio A, Grasso M. Left Ventricular Noncompaction: A Distinct Genetic Cardiomyopathy? J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:949-66. [PMID: 27561770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) describes a ventricular wall anatomy characterized by prominent left ventricular (LV) trabeculae, a thin compacted layer, and deep intertrabecular recesses. Individual variability is extreme, and trabeculae represent a sort of individual "cardioprinting." By itself, the diagnosis of LVNC does not coincide with that of a "cardiomyopathy" because it can be observed in healthy subjects with normal LV size and function, and it can be acquired and is reversible. Rarely, LVNC is intrinsically part of a cardiomyopathy; the paradigmatic examples are infantile tafazzinopathies. When associated with LV dilation and dysfunction, hypertrophy, or congenital heart disease, the genetic cause may overlap. The prevalence of LVNC in healthy athletes, its possible reversibility, and increasing diagnosis in healthy subjects suggests cautious use of the term LVNC cardiomyopathy, which describes the morphology but not the functional profile of the cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Favalli
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nupoor Narula
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alessandra Serio
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizia Grasso
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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27
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Florwick A, Dharmaraj T, Jurgens J, Valle D, Wilson KL. LMNA Sequences of 60,706 Unrelated Individuals Reveal 132 Novel Missense Variants in A-Type Lamins and Suggest a Link between Variant p.G602S and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Genet 2017; 8:79. [PMID: 28663758 PMCID: PMC5471320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, encoding nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A and C, cause multiple diseases ('laminopathies') including muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2), insulin resistance syndrome and progeria. To assess the prevalence of LMNA missense mutations ('variants') in a broad, ethnically diverse population, we compared missense alleles found among 60,706 unrelated individuals in the ExAC cohort to those identified in 1,404 individuals in the laminopathy database (UMD-LMNA). We identified 169 variants in the ExAC cohort, of which 37 (∼22%) are disease-associated including p.I299V (allele frequency 0.0402%), p.G602S (allele frequency 0.0262%) and p.R644C (allele frequency 0.124%), suggesting certain LMNA mutations are more common than previously recognized. Independent analysis of LMNA variants via the type 2 diabetes (T2D) Knowledge Portal showed that variant p.G602S associated significantly with type 2 diabetes (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 4.58), and was more frequent in African Americans (allele frequency 0.297%). The FPLD2-associated variant I299V was most prevalent in Latinos (allele frequency 0.347%). The ExAC cohort also revealed 132 novel LMNA missense variants including p.K108E (limited to individuals with psychiatric disease; predicted to perturb coil-1B), p.R397C and p.R427C (predicted to perturb filament biogenesis), p.G638R and p.N660D (predicted to perturb prelamin A processing), and numerous Ig-fold variants predicted to perturb phenotypically characteristic protein-protein interactions. Overall, this two-pronged strategy- mining a large database for missense variants in a single gene (LMNA), coupled to knowledge about the structure, biogenesis and functions of A-type lamins- revealed an unexpected number of LMNA variants, including novel variants predicted to perturb lamin assembly or function. Interestingly, this study also correlated novel variant p.K108E with psychiatric disease, identified known variant p.I299V as a potential risk factor for metabolic disease in Latinos, linked variant p.G602 with type 2 diabetes, and identified p.G602S as a predictor of diabetes risk in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Florwick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Julie Jurgens
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Katherine L. Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
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28
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Fountas A, Giotaki Z, Dounousi E, Liapis G, Bargiota A, Tsatsoulis A, Tigas S. Familial partial lipodystrophy and proteinuric renal disease due to a missense c.1045C > T LMNA mutation. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017; 2017:EDM170049. [PMID: 28620495 PMCID: PMC5467650 DOI: 10.1530/edm-17-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuric renal disease is prevalent in congenital or acquired forms of generalized lipodystrophy. In contrast, an association between familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) and renal disease has been documented in very few cases. A 22-year-old female patient presented with impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hirsutism and oligomenorrhea. On examination, there was partial loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the face, upper and lower limbs, bird-like facies with micrognathia and low set ears and mild acanthosis nigricans. Laboratory investigations revealed hyperandrogenism, hyperlipidemia, elevated serum creatine kinase and mild proteinuria. A clinical diagnosis of FPLD of the non-Dunnigan variety was made; genetic testing revealed a heterozygous c.1045C > T mutation in exon 6 of the LMNA gene, predicted to result in an abnormal LMNA protein (p.R349W). Electromyography and muscle biopsy were suggestive of non-specific myopathy. Treatment with metformin and later with pioglitazone was initiated. Due to worsening proteinuria, a renal biopsy was performed; histological findings were consistent with mild focal glomerular mesangioproliferative changes, and the patient was started on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. This is the fourth report of FPLD associated with the c.1045C > T missense LMNA mutation and the second with co-existent proteinuric renal disease. Patients carrying this specific mutation may exhibit a phenotype that includes partial lipodystrophy, proteinuric nephropathy, cardiomyopathy and atypical myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George Liapis
- Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, IoanninaGreece
| | - Alexandra Bargiota
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, LarissaGreece
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a critical structural domain for the maintenance of genomic stability and whole-cell mechanics. Mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes nuclear A-type lamins lead to the disruption of these key cellular functions, resulting in a number of devastating diseases known as laminopathies. Cardiomyopathy is a common laminopathy and is highly penetrant with poor prognosis. To date, cell mechanical instability and dysregulation of gene expression have been proposed as the main mechanisms driving cardiac dysfunction, and indeed discoveries in these areas have provided some promising leads in terms of therapeutics. However, important questions remain unanswered regarding the role of lamin A dysfunction in the heart, including a potential role for the toxicity of lamin A precursors in LMNA cardiomyopathy, which has yet to be rigorously investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brayson
- a King's College London, The James Black Centre , London , United Kingdom
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30
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Schuelke M, Øien NC, Oldfors A. Myopathology in the times of modern genetics. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017; 43:44-61. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
| | - N. C. Øien
- Department of Neuropediatrics and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin; Berlin Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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31
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Le Thanh P, Meinke P, Korfali N, Srsen V, Robson MI, Wehnert M, Schoser B, Sewry CA, Schirmer EC. Immunohistochemistry on a panel of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy samples reveals nuclear envelope proteins as inconsistent markers for pathology. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 27:338-351. [PMID: 28214269 PMCID: PMC5380655 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Altered distribution of EDMD-linked proteins is not a general characteristic of EDMD. Tissue-specific proteins exhibit altered distributions in some EDMD patients. Variation in redistributed proteins in EDMD may underlie its clinical variability.
Reports of aberrant distribution for some nuclear envelope proteins in cells expressing a few Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy mutations raised the possibility that such protein redistribution could underlie pathology and/or be diagnostic. However, this disorder is linked to 8 different genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins, raising the question of whether a particular protein is most relevant. Therefore, myoblast/fibroblast cultures from biopsy and tissue sections from a panel of nine Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patients (4 male, 5 female) including those carrying emerin and FHL1 (X-linked) and several lamin A (autosomal dominant) mutations were stained for the proteins linked to the disorder. As tissue-specific nuclear envelope proteins have been postulated to mediate the tissue-specific pathologies of different nuclear envelopathies, patient samples were also stained for several muscle-specific nuclear membrane proteins. Although linked proteins nesprin 1 and SUN2 and muscle-specific proteins NET5/Samp1 and Tmem214 yielded aberrant distributions in individual patient cells, none exhibited defects through the larger patient panel. Muscle-specific Tmem38A normally appeared in both the nuclear envelope and sarcoplasmic reticulum, but most patient samples exhibited a moderate redistribution favouring the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The absence of striking uniform defects in nuclear envelope protein distribution indicates that such staining will be unavailing for general diagnostics, though it remains possible that specific mutations exhibiting protein distribution defects might reflect a particular clinical variant. These findings further argue that multiple pathways can lead to the generally similar pathologies of this disorder while at the same time the different cellular phenotypes observed possibly may help explain the considerable clinical variation of EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu Le Thanh
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Meinke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Korfali
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vlastimil Srsen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael I Robson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manfred Wehnert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline A Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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32
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Pecorari I, Puzzi L, Sbaizero O. Atomic force microscopy and lamins: A review study towards future, combined investigations. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:97-108. [PMID: 27859883 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) underwent a rapid and stunning development, especially for studying mechanical properties of biological samples. The numerous discoveries relying to this approach, have increased the credit of AFM as a versatile tool, and potentially eligible as a diagnostic equipment. Meanwhile, it has become strikingly evident that lamins are involved on the onset and development of certain diseases, including cancer, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, cardiovascular pathologies, and muscular dystrophy. A new category of pathologies has been defined, the laminopathies, which are caused by mutations in the gene encoding for A-type lamins. As the majority of medical issues, lamins, and all their related aspects can be considered as a quite complex problem. Indeed, there are many facets to explore, and this definitely requires a multidisciplinary approach. One of the most intriguing aspects concerning lamins is their remarkable contribute to cells mechanics. Over the years, this has led to the speculation of the so-called "structural hypothesis", which attempts to elucidate the etiology and some features of the laminopathies. Among the various techniques tried to figure out the role of lamins in the cells mechanics, the AFM has been already successfully applied, proving its versatility. Therefore, the present work aims both to highlight the qualities of AFM and to review the most relevant knowledge about lamins, in order to promote the study of the latter, taking advantage from the former. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:97-108, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pecorari
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Puzzi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6-34127, Trieste, Italy
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33
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Jéru I, Vatier C, Araujo-Vilar D, Vigouroux C, Lascols O. Clinical Utility Gene Card for: Familial partial lipodystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:ejhg2016102. [PMID: 27485410 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jéru
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Endocrinologie, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Endocrinologie, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
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34
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Familial accumulation of sudden cardiac deaths and the LMNA variant c.868G>A (p.Glu290Lys). Int J Cardiol 2016; 215:84-6. [PMID: 27111165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Cann F, Corbett M, O'Sullivan D, Tennant S, Hailey H, Grieve J, Broadhurst P, Rankin R, Dean J. Phenotype-driven molecular autopsy for sudden cardiac death. Clin Genet 2016; 91:22-29. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Cann
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Ashgrove House; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - M. Corbett
- Pathology Department; University Medical Buildings; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - D. O'Sullivan
- North of Scotland Genetics Laboratory; Polwarth Building; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - S. Tennant
- North of Scotland Genetics Laboratory; Polwarth Building; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - H. Hailey
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Ashgrove House; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - J.H.K. Grieve
- The Forensic Medicine Unit; University Medical Buildings, Aberdeen University; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - P. Broadhurst
- Cardiology Department; Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Aberdeen Scotland
| | - R. Rankin
- Pathology Department; Raigmore Hospital; Inverness Scotland
| | - J.C.S. Dean
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Ashgrove House; Aberdeen Scotland
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36
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Liu Z, Shan H, Huang J, Li N, Hou C, Pu J. A novel lamin A/C gene missense mutation (445 V > E) in immunoglobulin-like fold associated with left ventricular non-compaction. Europace 2016; 18:617-622. [PMID: 25829471 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Two LMNA mutations (R644C and R190W) have been associated with familial and sporadic left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). However, the mechanisms underlying these associations have not been elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes and analysed by direct sequencing. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with either wild type or mutant LMNA and SCN5A for whole-cell patch-clamp experiment and fluorescence microscopy. Point mutation modeling for mutant LMNA was also performed. One novel LVNC-associated mutation (V445E) in β2 sheet of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like fold was found in the proband and his father. We also found that the peak current of sodium channel was markedly reduced in mutant LMNA compared with WT while the activation, inactivation, and recovery curves were not significantly altered. The mutant lamin A/C were aggregated into multiple highlighted particles. Three β sheets and multiple side chains in Ig-like fold were altered due to the replacement of a valine by glutamic acid. CONCLUSION Our data associated a novel lamin A/C mutation (V445E) with a sudden death form of familial LVNC. The reduced sodium current in mutant LMNA may account for the advent of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The altered structures of three β sheets and side chains may partially explain the aggregation of lamin A/C protein subjacent to the nuclear envelope.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glutamic Acid
- HEK293 Cells
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/diagnosis
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/genetics
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/metabolism
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/physiopathology
- Lamin Type A/chemistry
- Lamin Type A/genetics
- Lamin Type A/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potentials
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation, Missense
- Phenotype
- Protein Aggregates
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Folding
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/genetics
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
- Transfection
- Valine
- Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnosis
- Ventricular Fibrillation/genetics
- Ventricular Fibrillation/metabolism
- Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Jielin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
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Harel T, Yesil G, Bayram Y, Coban-Akdemir Z, Charng WL, Karaca E, Al Asmari A, Eldomery MK, Hunter JV, Jhangiani SN, Rosenfeld JA, Pehlivan D, El-Hattab AW, Saleh MA, LeDuc CA, Muzny D, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Chung WK, Yang Y, Belmont JW, Lupski JR. Monoallelic and Biallelic Variants in EMC1 Identified in Individuals with Global Developmental Delay, Hypotonia, Scoliosis, and Cerebellar Atrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:562-570. [PMID: 26942288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of a single gene associated with one specific phenotype and mode of inheritance has been repeatedly challenged. Genotype-phenotype correlations can often be traced to different mutation types, localization of the variants in distinct protein domains, or the trigger of or escape from nonsense-mediated decay. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified homozygous variants in EMC1 that segregated with a phenotype of developmental delay, hypotonia, scoliosis, and cerebellar atrophy in three families. In addition, a de novo heterozygous EMC1 variant was seen in an individual with a similar clinical and MRI imaging phenotype. EMC1 encodes a member of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-membrane protein complex (EMC), an evolutionarily conserved complex that has been proposed to have multiple roles in ER-associated degradation, ER-mitochondria tethering, and proper assembly of multi-pass transmembrane proteins. Perturbations of protein folding and organelle crosstalk have been implicated in neurodegenerative processes including cerebellar atrophy. We propose EMC1 as a gene in which either biallelic or monoallelic variants might lead to a syndrome including intellectual disability and preferential degeneration of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Harel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bezmialem University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wu-Lin Charng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali Al Asmari
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Eldomery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill V Hunter
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, Al-Ain 15258, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed A Saleh
- Section of Medical Genetics, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John W Belmont
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston TX 77030, USA
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38
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Nunn LM, Lopes LR, Syrris P, Murphy C, Plagnol V, Firman E, Dalageorgou C, Zorio E, Domingo D, Murday V, Findlay I, Duncan A, Carr-White G, Robert L, Bueser T, Langman C, Fynn SP, Goddard M, White A, Bundgaard H, Ferrero-Miliani L, Wheeldon N, Suvarna SK, O'Beirne A, Lowe MD, McKenna WJ, Elliott PM, Lambiase PD. Diagnostic yield of molecular autopsy in patients with sudden arrhythmic death syndrome using targeted exome sequencing. Europace 2015; 18:888-96. [PMID: 26498160 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The targeted genetic screening of Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) probands in a molecular autopsy has a diagnostic yield of up to 35%. Exome sequencing has the potential to improve this yield. The primary aim of this study is to examine the feasibility and diagnostic utility of targeted exome screening in SADS victims, utilizing familial clinical screening whenever possible. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the feasibility and diagnostic yield of targeted exome sequencing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from 59 SADS victims (mean age 25 years, range 1-51 years). Targeted exome sequencing of 135 genes associated with cardiomyopathies and ion channelopathies was performed on the Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. Non-synonymous, loss-of-function, and splice-site variants with a minor allele frequency <0.02% in the NHLBI exome sequencing project and an internal set of control exomes were prioritized for analysis followed by <0.5% frequency threshold secondary analysis. First-degree relatives were offered clinical screening for inherited cardiac conditions. Seven probands (12%) carried very rare (<0.02%) or novel non-sense candidate mutations and 10 probands (17%) had previously published rare (0.02-0.5%) candidate mutations-a total yield of 29%. Co-segregation fully confirmed two private SCN5A Na channel mutations. Variants of unknown significance were detected in a further 34% of probands. CONCLUSION Molecular autopsy using targeted exome sequencing has a relatively low diagnostic yield of very rare potentially disease causing mutations. Candidate pathogenic variants with a higher frequency in control populations are relatively common and should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Nunn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Luis R Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Petros Syrris
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Cian Murphy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Eileen Firman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Chrysoula Dalageorgou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Esther Zorio
- Unit for Inherited Heart Diseases and Sudden Cardiac Death, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Domingo
- Unit for Inherited Heart Diseases and Sudden Cardiac Death, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Murday
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Southern General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iain Findlay
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Southern General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexis Duncan
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics, Laboratory Medicine, Southern General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henning Bundgaard
- Unit for Inherited Heart Diseases, The Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Ferrero-Miliani
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nigel Wheeldon
- South Yorkshire Regional Inherited Cardiac Conditions Service, South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon K Suvarna
- South Yorkshire Regional Inherited Cardiac Conditions Service, South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aliceson O'Beirne
- South Yorkshire Regional Inherited Cardiac Conditions Service, South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin D Lowe
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - William J McKenna
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Perry M Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomews Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, UCL, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Lamin A/C mutations do not cause left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42:301-2. [PMID: 26175656 DOI: 10.14503/thij-15-5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Abstract
A collection of more than 30 genetic muscle diseases that share certain key features, limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophy of the hips, shoulders, and proximal extremity muscles with postnatal onset. This article discusses clinical, laboratory, and histologic features of the 6 most prevalent limb-girdle dystrophies. In this large group of disorders, certain distinctive features often can guide clinicians to a correct diagnosis.
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41
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Parent JJ, Towbin JA, Jefferies JL. Left ventricular noncompaction in a family with lamin A/C gene mutation. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42:73-6. [PMID: 25873806 DOI: 10.14503/thij-13-3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction is a rare type of cardiomyopathy, the genetics of which are poorly understood to date. Lamin A/C gene mutations have been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and diseases of the conduction system, but rarely in left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. This report describes the cases of 4 family members with a lamin A/C gene mutation, 3 of whom had phenotypic expression of left ventricular noncompaction.
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Meinke P, Schneiderat P, Srsen V, Korfali N, Lê Thành P, Cowan GJM, Cavanagh DR, Wehnert M, Schirmer EC, Walter MC. Abnormal proliferation and spontaneous differentiation of myoblasts from a symptomatic female carrier of X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 25:127-36. [PMID: 25454731 PMCID: PMC4317192 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
X-linked female presenting with EDMD1 not explained by uneven X-inactivation. First EDMD blood phenotype with highly lobulated lymphocytes in EDMD1 patient. Found high incidence of spontaneous differentiation in cultured patient myoblasts. Faster proliferation of emerin-null than emerin-positive EDMD1 patient myoblasts. Loss of satellite cells from the above might explain EDMD pathology.
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by early contractures, slowly progressive muscular weakness and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia that can develop into cardiomyopathy. In X-linked EDMD (EDMD1), female carriers are usually unaffected. Here we present a clinical description and in vitro characterization of a mildly affected EDMD1 female carrying the heterozygous EMD mutation c.174_175delTT; p.Y59* that yields loss of protein. Muscle tissue sections and cultured patient myoblasts exhibited a mixed population of emerin-positive and -negative cells; thus uneven X-inactivation was excluded as causative. Patient blood cells were predominantly emerin-positive, but considerable nuclear lobulation was observed in non-granulocyte cells – a novel phenotype in EDMD. Both emerin-positive and emerin-negative myoblasts exhibited spontaneous differentiation in tissue culture, though emerin-negative myoblasts were more proliferative than emerin-positive cells. The preferential proliferation of emerin-negative myoblasts together with the high rate of spontaneous differentiation in both populations suggests that loss of functional satellite cells might be one underlying mechanism for disease pathology. This could also account for the slowly developing muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meinke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Schneiderat
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vlastimil Srsen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nadia Korfali
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Phú Lê Thành
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graeme J M Cowan
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David R Cavanagh
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manfred Wehnert
- Institute of Human Genetics Greifswald, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, Germany (retired)
| | - Eric C Schirmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Meinke P, Mattioli E, Haque F, Antoku S, Columbaro M, Straatman KR, Worman HJ, Gundersen GG, Lattanzi G, Wehnert M, Shackleton S. Muscular dystrophy-associated SUN1 and SUN2 variants disrupt nuclear-cytoskeletal connections and myonuclear organization. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004605. [PMID: 25210889 PMCID: PMC4161305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the nuclear envelope (NE) are associated with a range of inherited disorders, most commonly involving muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy, as exemplified by Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). EDMD is both genetically and phenotypically variable, and some evidence of modifier genes has been reported. Six genes have so far been linked to EDMD, four encoding proteins associated with the LINC complex that connects the nucleus to the cytoskeleton. However, 50% of patients have no identifiable mutations in these genes. Using a candidate approach, we have identified putative disease-causing variants in the SUN1 and SUN2 genes, also encoding LINC complex components, in patients with EDMD and related myopathies. Our data also suggest that SUN1 and SUN2 can act as disease modifier genes in individuals with co-segregating mutations in other EDMD genes. Five SUN1/SUN2 variants examined impaired rearward nuclear repositioning in fibroblasts, confirming defective LINC complex function in nuclear-cytoskeletal coupling. Furthermore, myotubes from a patient carrying compound heterozygous SUN1 mutations displayed gross defects in myonuclear organization. This was accompanied by loss of recruitment of centrosomal marker, pericentrin, to the NE and impaired microtubule nucleation at the NE, events that are required for correct myonuclear arrangement. These defects were recapitulated in C2C12 myotubes expressing exogenous SUN1 variants, demonstrating a direct link between SUN1 mutation and impairment of nuclear-microtubule coupling and myonuclear positioning. Our findings strongly support an important role for SUN1 and SUN2 in muscle disease pathogenesis and support the hypothesis that defects in the LINC complex contribute to disease pathology through disruption of nuclear-microtubule association, resulting in defective myonuclear positioning. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is an inherited disorder involving muscle wasting and weakness, accompanied by cardiac defects. The disease is variable in its severity and also in its genetic cause. So far, 6 genes have been linked to EDMD, most encoding proteins that form a structural network that supports the nucleus of the cell and connects it to structural elements of the cytoplasm. This network is particularly important in muscle cells, providing resistance to mechanical strain. Weakening of this network is thought to contribute to development of muscle disease in these patients. Despite rigorous screening, at least 50% of patients with EDMD have no detectable mutation in the 6 known genes. We therefore undertook screening and identified mutations in two additional genes that encode other components of the nuclear structural network, SUN1 and SUN2. Our findings add to the genetic complexity of this disease since some individuals carry mutations in more than one gene. We also show that the mutations disrupt connections between the nucleus and the structural elements of cytoplasm, leading to mis-positioning and clustering of nuclei in muscle cells. This nuclear mis-positioning is likely to be another factor contributing to pathogenesis of EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Meinke
- Institute of Human Genetics and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- National Research Council of Italy - CNR - Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Farhana Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kees R. Straatman
- Centre for Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Howard J. Worman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregg G. Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- National Research Council of Italy - CNR - Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, Bologna, Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manfred Wehnert
- Institute of Human Genetics and Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sue Shackleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Genetic diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a population by next-generation sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:210401. [PMID: 25025039 PMCID: PMC4082881 DOI: 10.1155/2014/210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most prevalent inherited neuropathy. Today more than 40 CMT genes have been identified. Diagnosing heterogeneous diseases by conventional Sanger sequencing is time consuming and expensive. Thus, more efficient and less costly methods are needed in clinical diagnostics. We included a population based sample of 81 CMT families. Gene mutations had previously been identified in 22 families; the remaining 59 families were analysed by next-generation sequencing. Thirty-two CMT genes and 19 genes causing other inherited neuropathies were included in a custom panel. Variants were classified into five pathogenicity classes by genotype-phenotype correlations and bioinformatics tools. Gene mutations, classified certainly or likely pathogenic, were identified in 37 (46%) of the 81 families. Point mutations in known CMT genes were identified in 21 families (26%), whereas four families (5%) had point mutations in other neuropathy genes, ARHGEF10, POLG, SETX, and SOD1. Eleven families (14%) carried the PMP22 duplication and one family carried a MPZ duplication (1%). Most mutations were identified not only in known CMT genes but also in other neuropathy genes, emphasising that genetic analysis should not be restricted to CMT genes only. Next-generation sequencing is a cost-effective tool in diagnosis of CMT improving diagnostic precision and time efficiency.
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Winston J, Duerden L, Mort M, Frayling IM, Rogers MT, Upadhyaya M. Identification of two novel SMCHD1 sequence variants in families with FSHD-like muscular dystrophy. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:67-71. [PMID: 24755953 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1 (FSHD1) is caused by a contraction in the number of D4Z4 repeats on chromosome 4, resulting in relaxation of D4Z4 chromatin causing inappropriate expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle. Clinical severity is inversely related to the number of repeats. In contrast, FSHD2 patients also have inappropriate expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle, but due to constitutional mutations in SMCHD1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1), which cause global hypomethylation and hence general relaxation of chromatin. Thirty patients originally referred for FSHD testing were screened for SMCHD1 mutations. Twenty-nine had >11 D4Z4 repeats. SMCHD1 c.1040+1G>A, a pathogenic splice-site variant, was identified in a FSHD1 family with a borderline number of D4Z4 repeats (10) and a variable phenotype (in which a LMNA1 sequence variant was previously described), and SMCHD1 c.2606 G>T, a putative missense variant (p.Gly869Val) with strong in vitro indications of pathogenicity, was identified in a family with an unusual muscular dystrophy with some FSHD-like features. The two families described here emphasise the genetic complexity of muscular dystrophies. As SMCHD1 has a wider role in global genomic methylation, the possibility exists that it could be involved in other complex undiagnosed muscle disorders. Thus far, only 15 constitutional mutations have been identified in SMCHD1, and these two sequence variants add to the molecular and phenotypic spectrum associated with FSHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincy Winston
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura Duerden
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew Mort
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian M Frayling
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark T Rogers
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Chabik G, Litwin T, Członkowska A. Concordance rates of Wilson's disease phenotype among siblings. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:131-5. [PMID: 23774950 PMCID: PMC3889629 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the functional disruption of adenosine triphosphatase 7B (ATP7B), which results in positive copper balance. Although the primary manifestations of the disease are hepatic or neurological in scope, the factors that cause a very diverse picture of WD are not well researched. We compared the first clinical presentation, ages of onset and diagnosis, copper metabolism parameters, and ceruloplasmin levels between index cases (ICs) and their siblings. We examined 73 ICs and 95 siblings from 73 families, including a total of 168 patients with biochemical and genetically confirmed WD diagnoses. We observed an 86% concordance rate of primary clinical symptoms among ICs with hepatic symptoms and their siblings. There was 66% concordance among ICs with neurological symptoms and their siblings. No differences regarding age at onset of symptoms or copper metabolism parameters at diagnosis were identified between hepatic ICs and their siblings. The age at symptom onset did not differ between neurological ICs and their siblings, although ICs presented lower ceruloplasmin and serum copper levels. These results demonstrate a high intra-familial concordance of the clinical and biochemical presentation of WD, suggesting that similar factors shared within the same families strongly influence the disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Chabik
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Litwin
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Członkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego Str., 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Khodiyar VK, Howe D, Talmud PJ, Breckenridge R, Lovering RC. From zebrafish heart jogging genes to mouse and human orthologs: using Gene Ontology to investigate mammalian heart development. F1000Res 2013; 2:242. [PMID: 24627794 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-242.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For the majority of organs in developing vertebrate embryos, left-right asymmetry is controlled by a ciliated region; the left-right organizer node in the mouse and human, and the Kuppfer's vesicle in the zebrafish. In the zebrafish, laterality cues from the Kuppfer's vesicle determine asymmetry in the developing heart, the direction of 'heart jogging' and the direction of 'heart looping'. 'Heart jogging' is the term given to the process by which the symmetrical zebrafish heart tube is displaced relative to the dorsal midline, with a leftward 'jog'. Heart jogging is not considered to occur in mammals, although a leftward shift of the developing mouse caudal heart does occur prior to looping, which may be analogous to zebrafish heart jogging. Previous studies have characterized 30 genes involved in zebrafish heart jogging, the majority of which have well defined orthologs in mouse and human and many of these orthologs have been associated with early mammalian heart development. We undertook manual curation of a specific set of genes associated with heart development and we describe the use of Gene Ontology term enrichment analyses to examine the cellular processes associated with heart jogging. We found that the human, mouse and zebrafish 'heart jogging orthologs' are involved in similar organ developmental processes across the three species, such as heart, kidney and nervous system development, as well as more specific cellular processes such as cilium development and function. The results of these analyses are consistent with a role for cilia in the determination of left-right asymmetry of many internal organs, in addition to their known role in zebrafish heart jogging. This study highlights the importance of model organisms in the study of human heart development, and emphasises both the conservation and divergence of developmental processes across vertebrates, as well as the limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha K Khodiyar
- Cardiovascular GO Annotation Initiative, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Doug Howe
- The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-5291, USA
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- Cardiovascular GO Annotation Initiative, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ross Breckenridge
- Centre for Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Cardiovascular GO Annotation Initiative, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
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48
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Khodiyar VK, Howe D, Talmud PJ, Breckenridge R, Lovering RC. From zebrafish heart jogging genes to mouse and human orthologs: using Gene Ontology to investigate mammalian heart development. F1000Res 2013; 2:242. [PMID: 24627794 PMCID: PMC3931453 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-242.v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For the majority of organs in developing vertebrate embryos, left-right asymmetry is controlled by a ciliated region; the left-right organizer node in the mouse and human, and the Kuppfer’s vesicle in the zebrafish. In the zebrafish, laterality cues from the Kuppfer’s vesicle determine asymmetry in the developing heart, the direction of ‘heart jogging’ and the direction of ‘heart looping’. ‘Heart jogging’ is the term given to the process by which the symmetrical zebrafish heart tube is displaced relative to the dorsal midline, with a leftward ‘jog’. Heart jogging is not considered to occur in mammals, although a leftward shift of the developing mouse caudal heart does occur prior to looping, which may be analogous to zebrafish heart jogging. Previous studies have characterized 30 genes involved in zebrafish heart jogging, the majority of which have well defined orthologs in mouse and human and many of these orthologs have been associated with early mammalian heart development. We undertook manual curation of a specific set of genes associated with heart development and we describe the use of Gene Ontology term enrichment analyses to examine the cellular processes associated with heart jogging. We found that the human, mouse and zebrafish ‘heart jogging orthologs’ are involved in similar organ developmental processes across the three species, such as heart, kidney and nervous system development, as well as more specific cellular processes such as cilium development and function. The results of these analyses are consistent with a role for cilia in the determination of left-right asymmetry of many internal organs, in addition to their known role in zebrafish heart jogging. This study highlights the importance of model organisms in the study of human heart development, and emphasises both the conservation and divergence of developmental processes across vertebrates, as well as the limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha K Khodiyar
- Cardiovascular GO Annotation Initiative, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Doug Howe
- The Zebrafish Model Organism Database, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-5291, USA
| | - Philippa J Talmud
- Cardiovascular GO Annotation Initiative, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ross Breckenridge
- Centre for Metabolism and Experimental Therapeutics, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Cardiovascular GO Annotation Initiative, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
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Cooper DN, Krawczak M, Polychronakos C, Tyler-Smith C, Kehrer-Sawatzki H. Where genotype is not predictive of phenotype: towards an understanding of the molecular basis of reduced penetrance in human inherited disease. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1077-130. [PMID: 23820649 PMCID: PMC3778950 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals with a particular disease-causing mutation or genotype fail to express most if not all features of the disease in question, a phenomenon that is known as 'reduced (or incomplete) penetrance'. Reduced penetrance is not uncommon; indeed, there are many known examples of 'disease-causing mutations' that fail to cause disease in at least a proportion of the individuals who carry them. Reduced penetrance may therefore explain not only why genetic diseases are occasionally transmitted through unaffected parents, but also why healthy individuals can harbour quite large numbers of potentially disadvantageous variants in their genomes without suffering any obvious ill effects. Reduced penetrance can be a function of the specific mutation(s) involved or of allele dosage. It may also result from differential allelic expression, copy number variation or the modulating influence of additional genetic variants in cis or in trans. The penetrance of some pathogenic genotypes is known to be age- and/or sex-dependent. Variable penetrance may also reflect the action of unlinked modifier genes, epigenetic changes or environmental factors. At least in some cases, complete penetrance appears to require the presence of one or more genetic variants at other loci. In this review, we summarize the evidence for reduced penetrance being a widespread phenomenon in human genetics and explore some of the molecular mechanisms that may help to explain this enigmatic characteristic of human inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA UK
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50
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Thong KM, Xu Y, Cook J, Takou A, Wagner B, Kawar B, Ong ACM. Cosegregation of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a family with familial partial lipodystrophy due to a mutation in LMNA. Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 124:31-7. [PMID: 24080738 DOI: 10.1159/000354716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults (35%). A number of genetic and familial forms of FSGS have been recognized. Here, we report a large pedigree with a pathogenic mutation in LMNA (R349W) in which four members were found to have biopsy-proven FSGS. The LMNA gene codes for lamins A and C, major components of the nuclear lamina which function in nuclear architecture, integrity and the regulation of gene expression. METHODS Pedigree screening and mutation analysis of LMNA gene in all family members. Renal biopsies were performed in proteinuric patients. A molecular 3D model of the familial LMNA mutation was constructed. RESULTS There were a total of 16 affected members from four generations, 12 of whom were found to carry the germline LMNA mutation. All affected adults had clinical features of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) of the non-Dunnigan variety. Four patients within the same generation presented with a variable degree of renal impairment and proteinuria. Renal biopsies from all four revealed FSGS. The familial mutation is a missense change (R349W) in exon 6 of LMNA (c.1045C>T). CONCLUSIONS We report a genetic link between LMNA and biopsy-proven FSGS in a large pedigree with FPLD. This unexpected association extends the disease spectrum of LMNA to the kidney and suggests that the physiological role of LMNA could be relevant to the maintenance of glomerular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Mean Thong
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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