1
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Spineli-Silva S, Monlleó IL, Félix TM, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, Vieira TP. Overlapping Spectrum of Craniofacial Microsomia Phenotype in Cat-Eye Syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:1578-1585. [PMID: 37183441 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231174435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports three patients with Cat-eye Syndrome (CES), two of which present a previous clinical diagnosis of Craniofacial microsomia (CFM). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed a tetrasomy of 1,7 Mb at the 22q11.2q11.21 region, which is the typical region triplicated in the CES, in all patients. The most frequent craniofacial features found in individuals with CFM and CES are preauricular tags and/or pits and mandibular hypoplasia. We reinforce that the candidate genes for CFM features, particularly ear malformation, preauricular tags/pits, and facial asymmetry, can be in the proximal region of the 22q11.2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Spineli-Silva
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella L Monlleó
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Têmis M Félix
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera L Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Társis P Vieira
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Cytogenomics, Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Xue X, Liu Z, Wei H, Wang X. A Proposal for the Classification of Temporomandibular Joint Disc Deformity in Hemifacial Microsomia. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050595. [PMID: 37237665 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the second most common congenital craniofacial disease and has a wide spectrum of symptoms. The classic diagnostic criterion for hemifacial microsomia is the OMENS system, which was later refined to the OMENS+ system to include more anomalies. We analyzed the data of 103 HFM patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs. The TMJ disc classification was defined into four types: D0 for normal disc size and shape; D1 for disc malformation with adequate length to cover the (reconstructed) condyle; D2 for disc malformation with inadequate length to cover the (reconstructed) condyle; and D3 for no obvious presence of a disc. Additionally, this disc classification was positively correlated with the mandible classification (correlation coefficient: 0.614, p < 0.01), ear classification (correlation coefficient: 0.242, p < 0.05), soft tissue classification (correlation coefficient: 0.291, p < 0.01), and facial cleft classification (correlation coefficient: 0.320, p < 0.01). In this study, an OMENS+D diagnostic criterion is proposed, confirming the conjecture that the development of the mandibular ramus, ear, soft tissue, and TMJ disc, as homologous and adjacent tissues, is affected to a similar degree in HFM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Xue
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhixu Liu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hongpu Wei
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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3
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Exploration of Novel Genetic Evidence and Clinical Significance Into Hemifacial Microsomia Pathogenesis. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:834-838. [PMID: 36745106 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors browsed through past genetic findings in hemifacial microsomia along with our previously identified mutations in ITGB4 and PDE4DIP from whole genome sequencing of hemifacial microsomia patients. Wondering whether these genes influence mandibular bone modeling by regulation on osteogenesis, the authors approached mechanisms of hemifacial microsomia through this investigation into gene knockdown effects in vitro. MC3T3E1 cells were divided into 5 groups: the negative control group without osteogenesis induction or siRNA, the positive control group with only osteogenesis induction, and 3 gene silenced groups with both osteogenesis induction and siRNA. Validation of transfection was through fluorescence microscopy and quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction on knockdown efficiency. Changes in expression levels of the 3 genes during osteogenesis and impact of Itgb4 and Pde4dip knockdown on osteogenesis were examined by quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red staining. Elevation of osteogenic genes Alpl, Col1a1, Bglap, Spp1, and Runx2 verified successful osteogenesis. Both genes were upregulated under osteogenic induction, while they had different trends over time. Intracellular fluorophores under microscope validated successful transfection and si-m-Itgb4_003, si-m-Pde4dip_002 had satisfactory knockdown effects. During osteogenesis, Pde4dip knockdown enhanced Spp1 expression (1.95±0.13 folds, P =0.045). The authors speculated that these genes may have different involvements in osteogenesis. Stimulated expression of Spp1 by Pde4dip knockdown may suggest that Pde4dip inhibits osteogenesis.
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4
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Tingaud-Sequeira A, Trimouille A, Sagardoy T, Lacombe D, Rooryck-Thambo C. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: new genes and literature review on a complex disease. J Med Genet 2022; 59:417-427. [PMID: 35110414 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar syndrome is due to an abnormal development of first and second branchial arches derivatives during embryogenesis and is characterised by hemifacial microsomia associated with auricular, ocular and vertebral malformations. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this spectrum with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, render its molecular diagnosis difficult. Only a few recurrent CNVs and genes have been identified as causatives in this complex disorder so far. Prenatal environmental causal factors have also been hypothesised. However, most of the patients remain without aetiology. In this review, we aim at updating clinical diagnostic criteria and describing genetic and non-genetic aetiologies, animal models as well as novel diagnostic tools and surgical management, in order to help and improve clinical care and genetic counselling of these patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Tingaud-Sequeira
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Sagardoy
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, de chirurgie cervico-faciale et d'ORL pédiatrique, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck-Thambo
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, F-33000 Bordeaux, France .,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
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5
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Glaeser AB, Diniz BL, Santos AS, Guaraná BB, Muniz VF, Carlotto BS, Everling EM, Noguchi PY, Garcia AR, Miola J, Riegel M, Mergener R, Gazzola Zen PR, Machado Rosa RF. A child with cat-eye syndrome and oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum phenotype: A discussion around molecular cytogenetic findings. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104319. [PMID: 34474176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare chromosomal disorder that may be evident at birth. A small supernumerary chromosome is present, frequently has 2 centromeres, is bisatellited, and represents an inv dup(22)(q11) in those affected. It's known that the 22q11 region is associated with disorders involving higher and lower gene dosages. Conditions such as CES, 22q11 microduplication syndrome (Dup22q11) and oculoauriculovertebral spectrum phenotype (OAVS) may share genes belonging to this same region, which is known to have a predisposition to chromosomal rearrangements. The conditions, besides being related to chromosome 22, also share similar phenotypes. Here we have added a molecular evaluation update and results found of the first patient described with CES and OAVS phenotype, trying to explain the potential mechanism involved in the occurrence of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Barreto Glaeser
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Bianca Soares Carlotto
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Miola
- Graduation in Medicine, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Riegel
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Mergener
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Tingaud-Sequeira A, Trimouille A, Salaria M, Stapleton R, Claverol S, Plaisant C, Bonneu M, Lopez E, Arveiler B, Lacombe D, Rooryck C. A recurrent missense variant in EYA3 gene is associated with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. Hum Genet 2021; 140:933-944. [PMID: 33475861 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Goldenhar syndrome or oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a complex developmental disorder characterized by asymmetric ear anomalies, hemifacial microsomia, ocular and vertebral defects. We aimed at identifying and characterizing a new gene associated with OAVS. Two affected brothers with OAVS were analyzed by exome sequencing that revealed a missense variant (p.(Asn358Ser)) in the EYA3 gene. EYA3 screening was then performed in 122 OAVS patients that identified the same variant in one individual from an unrelated family. Segregation assessment in both families showed incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. We investigated this variant in cellular models to determine its pathogenicity and demonstrated an increased half-life of the mutated protein without impact on its ability to dephosphorylate H2AFX following DNA repair pathway induction. Proteomics performed on this cellular model revealed four significantly predicted upstream regulators which are PPARGC1B, YAP1, NFE2L2 and MYC. Moreover, eya3 knocked-down zebrafish embryos developed specific craniofacial abnormalities corroborating previous animal models and supporting its involvement in the OAVS. Additionally, EYA3 gene expression was deregulated in vitro by retinoic acid exposure. EYA3 is the second recurrent gene identified to be associated with OAVS. Moreover, based on protein interactions and related diseases, we suggest the DNA repair as a key molecular pathway involved in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Tingaud-Sequeira
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Manju Salaria
- Genetic Health Service, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Wyndham Specialist Care Centre, 289 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Rachel Stapleton
- Genetic Health Service NZ-South Island Hub, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claudio Plaisant
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Marc Bonneu
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estelle Lopez
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), U 1211 INSERM, Univ. Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France. .,CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Pellegrin-Ecole des Sages-femmes, Place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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7
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Godoy VCSMD, Bellucco FT, Colovati M, Oliveira-Junior HRD, Moysés-Oliveira M, Melaragno MI. Copy number variation (CNV) identification, interpretation, and database from Brazilian patients. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190218. [PMID: 33306777 PMCID: PMC7783508 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) constitute an important class of variation in the
human genome and the interpretation of their pathogenicity considering different
frequencies across populations is still a challenge for geneticists. Since the
CNV databases are predominantly composed of European and non-admixed
individuals, and Brazilian genetic constitution is admixed and ethnically
diverse, diagnostic screenings on Brazilian variants are greatly difficulted by
the lack of populational references. We analyzed a clinical sample of 268
Brazilian individuals, including patients with neurodevelopment disorders and/or
congenital malformations. The pathogenicity of CNVs was classified according to
their gene content and overlap with known benign and pathogenic variants. A
total of 1,504 autosomal CNVs (1,207 gains and 297 losses) were classified as
benign (92.9%), likely benign (1.6%), VUS (2.6%), likely pathogenic (0.2%) and
pathogenic (2.7%). Some of the CNVs were recurrent and with frequency increased
in our sample, when compared to populational open resources of structural
variants: 14q32.33, 22q11.22, 1q21.1, and 1p36.32 gains. Thus, these highly
recurrent CNVs classified as likely benign or VUS were considered non-pathogenic
in our Brazilian sample. This study shows the relevance of introducing CNV data
from diverse cohorts to improve on the interpretation of clinical impact of
genomic variations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Bellucco
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mileny Colovati
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Moysés-Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Disciplina de Genética, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Spineli‐Silva S, Sgardioli IC, Santos AP, Bergamini LL, Monlleó IL, Fontes MIB, Félix TM, Ribeiro EM, Xavier AC, Lustosa‐Mendes E, Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes VL, Vieira TP. Genomic imbalances in craniofacial microsomia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:970-985. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Spineli‐Silva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas Brazil
| | - Ilária C. Sgardioli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas Brazil
| | - Ana P. Santos
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas Brazil
| | - Luna L. Bergamini
- Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) Maceió Brazil
| | - Isabella L. Monlleó
- Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) Maceió Brazil
- Clinical Genetics Service University Hospital, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) Maceió Brazil
| | - Marshall I. B. Fontes
- Clinical Genetics Service University Hospital, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) Maceió Brazil
| | - Têmis M. Félix
- Medical Genetics Service Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Erlane M. Ribeiro
- Medical Genetics Service Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS) Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Ana C. Xavier
- Centre for Research and Rehabilitation of Lip and Palate Lesions Centrinho Prefeito Luiz Gomes Joinville Brazil
| | | | - Vera L. Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas Brazil
| | - Tarsis P. Vieira
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) Campinas Brazil
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9
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Tingaud‐Sequeira A, Trimouille A, Marlin S, Lopez E, Berenguer M, Gherbi S, Arveiler B, Lacombe D, Rooryck C. Functional and genetic analyses of ZYG11B provide evidences for its involvement in OAVS. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1375. [PMID: 32738032 PMCID: PMC7549578 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar Syndrome is an embryonic developmental disorder characterized by hemifacial microsomia associated with auricular, ocular and vertebral malformations. The clinical heterogeneity of this spectrum and its incomplete penetrance limited the molecular diagnosis. In this study, we describe a novel causative gene, ZYG11B. METHODS A sporadic case of OAVS was analyzed by whole exome sequencing in trio strategy. The identified candidate gene, ZYG11B, was screened in 143 patients by next generation sequencing. Overexpression and immunofluorescence of wild-type and mutated ZYG11B forms were performed in Hela cells. Moreover, morpholinos were used for transient knockdown of its homologue in zebrafish embryo. RESULTS A nonsense de novo heterozygous variant in ZYG11B, (NM_024646, c.1609G>T, p.Glu537*) was identified in a single OAVS patient. This variant leads in vitro to a truncated protein whose subcellular localization is altered. Transient knockdown of the zebrafish homologue gene confirmed its role in craniofacial cartilages architecture and in notochord development. Moreover, ZYG11B expression regulates a cartilage master regulator, SOX6, and is regulated by Retinoic Acid, a known developmental toxic molecule leading to clinical features of OAVS. CONCLUSION Based on genetic, cellular and animal model data, we proposed ZYG11B as a novel rare causative gene for OAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM)U 1211 INSERMUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service de Génétique MédicaleCentre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes MalformatifsCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Département de GénétiqueCentre de Référence des Surdités GénétiquesInstitut ImagineHôpital Universitaire Necker‐Enfants‐MaladesParisFrance
- Institut ImagineU 1163 INSERMUniversité Paris DescartesParisFrance
| | - Estelle Lopez
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM)U 1211 INSERMUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Marie Berenguer
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM)U 1211 INSERMUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Souad Gherbi
- Département de GénétiqueCentre de Référence des Surdités GénétiquesInstitut ImagineHôpital Universitaire Necker‐Enfants‐MaladesParisFrance
| | - Benoit Arveiler
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM)U 1211 INSERMUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service de Génétique MédicaleCentre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes MalformatifsCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM)U 1211 INSERMUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service de Génétique MédicaleCentre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes MalformatifsCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM)U 1211 INSERMUniv. BordeauxBordeauxFrance
- Service de Génétique MédicaleCentre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes MalformatifsCHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
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10
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Glaeser AB, Santos AS, Diniz BL, Deconte D, Rosa RFM, Zen PRG. Candidate genes of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum in 22q region: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2624-2631. [PMID: 32893956 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (hemifacial microsomia/OAVS, OMIM #164210) is a heterogenous and congenital condition caused by a morphogenesis defect of the first and second pharyngeal arches. Etiology includes unknown genetic, environmental factors and chromosomal alterations, which 22q11.2 region is the most frequently reported. Several candidate genes for OAVS have been proposed; however, none has been confirmed as causative of the phenotype. This review aims to sum up all clinical and molecular findings in 22q region of individuals diagnosed with OAVS and to investigate genes that may be involved in the development of the spectrum. A search was performed in PubMed using all entry terms to OAVS and Chromosome 22q11. After screening, 11 papers were eligible for review. Deletions and duplications in the q11.2 region were the most frequent (18/22) alterations reported and a total of 68 genes were described. Our systematic review reinforces the hypothesis that 22q11 region is a candidate locus for OAVS as well as CLTCL1, GSC2, HIRA, MAPK1, TBX1, and YPEL1 as potential candidates genes for genotype-phenotype correlation. Complementary studies regarding genes interaction involved in the 22q11 region are still necessary in the search for a genotype-phenotype association, since the diagnosis of OAVS is a constant medical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Barreto Glaeser
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Desireé Deconte
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, UFCSPA and Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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11
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Glaeser AB, Diniz BL, Deconte D, Santos AS, Rosa RFM, Zen PRG. Microarray-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification, and High-Resolution Karyotype for Differential Diagnosis Oculoauriculovertebral Spectrum: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:149-157. [PMID: 32714614 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1712118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a rare class of heterogenous congenital craniofacial malformation conditions of unknown etiology. Although classic OAVS has been described as hemifacial microsomia with facial asymmetry and microtia, there is no consensus regarding clinical criteria for diagnosis or genetic cause. This systematic review aims to assess the applicability of high-resolution (HR) karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) for differential diagnosis of OAVS. A search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science using all entry terms to the following descriptors: Goldenhar's syndrome, cytogenetic analysis, hybridization in situ, fluorescent, comparative genomic hybridization, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, whole genome sequencing, and karyotype analysis methods. After screening, 25 articles met eligibility. Of the included studies, 59 individuals had a genetic alteration identified. Array-CGH, MLPA, and HR karyotype appear to be viable approaches for molecular diagnosis in OAVS. Heterogeneity is a hallmark of OAVS. Establishing an enhanced framework for diagnosis would inform clinical decision making, and better resource utilization could improve health care facility efficiency and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Barreto Glaeser
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lixinski Diniz
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Desirée Deconte
- Graduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Schneiders Santos
- Undergraduate Program in Biomedicine, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fabiano Machado Rosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Gazzola Zen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Zamariolli M, Colovati M, Moysés-Oliveira M, Nunes N, Caires Dos Santos L, Alvarez Perez AB, Bragagnolo S, Melaragno MI. Rare single-nucleotide variants in oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00959. [PMID: 31469246 PMCID: PMC6785430 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a craniofacial developmental disorder that affects structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. The clinically heterogeneous phenotype involves mandibular, oral, and ear development anomalies. Etiology is complex and poorly understood. Genetic factors have been associated, evidenced by chromosomal abnormalities affecting different genomic regions and genes. However, known pathogenic single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) have only been identified in MYT1 in a restricted number of patients. Therefore, investigations of SNVs on candidate genes may reveal other pathogenic mechanisms. Methods In a cohort of 73 patients, coding and untranslated regions (UTR) of 10 candidate genes (CRKL, YPEL1, MAPK1, NKX3‐2, HMX1, MYT1, OTX2, GSC, PUF60, HOXA2) were sequenced. Rare SNVs were selected and in silico predictions were performed to ascertain pathogenicity. Likely pathogenic variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and heritability was assessed when possible. Results Four likely pathogenic variants in heterozygous state were identified in different patients. Two SNVs were located in the 5’UTR of YPEL1; one in the 3’UTR of CRKL and one in the 3’UTR of OTX2. Conclusion Our work described variants in candidate genes for OAVS and supported the genetic heterogeneity of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú Zamariolli
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mileny Colovati
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Moysés-Oliveira
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Nunes
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Caires Dos Santos
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana B Alvarez Perez
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Bragagnolo
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
Clinicians use different diagnostic terms for patients with underdevelopment of facial features arising from the embryonic first and second pharyngeal arches, including first and second branchial arch syndrome, otomandibular dysostosis, oculoauriculovertebral syndrome, and hemifacial microsomia. Craniofacial microsomia has become the preferred term. Although no diagnostic criteria for craniofacial microsomia exist, most patients have a degree of underdevelopment of the mandible, maxilla, ear, orbit, facial soft tissue, and/or facial nerve. These anomalies can affect feeding, compromise the airway, alter facial movement, disrupt hearing, and alter facial appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Birgfeld
- Pediatric Plastic and Craniofacial Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way, M/S OB.9.520, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Carrie Heike
- Craniofacial Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way, M/S OB.9.528, PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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14
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Oliveira LDFS, Júlio-Costa A, Dos Santos FC, Carvalho MRS, Haase VG. Numerical Processing Impairment in 22q11.2 (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5) Microdeletion: A Cognitive-Neuropsychological Case Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2193. [PMID: 30524331 PMCID: PMC6258774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been made, the cognitive, biological and, particularly, the genetic underpinnings of math learning difficulties (MD) remain largely unknown. This difficulty stems from the heterogeneity of MD and from the large contribution of environmental factors to its etiology. Understanding endophenotypes, e.g., the role of the Approximate Number System (ANS), may help understanding the nature of MD. MD associated with ANS impairments has been described in some genetic conditions, e.g., 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS or Velocardiofacial syndrome, VCFS). Recently, a girl with MD was identified in a school population screening. She has a new syndrome resulting from a microdeletion in 22q11.2 (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5), a region adjacent to but not overlapping with region 22q11.2 (LCR22-2 to LCR22-4), typically deleted in VCFS. Here, we describe her cognitive-neuropsychological and numerical-cognitive profiles. The girl was assessed twice, at 8 and 11 years. Her numerical-cognitive performance at both times was compared to demographically similar girls with normal intelligence in a single-case, quasi-experimental study. Neuropsychological assessment was normal, except for relatively minor impairments in executive functions. She presented severe and persistent difficulties in the simplest single-digit calculations. Difficulties in commutative operations improved from the first to the second assessment. Difficulties in subtraction persisted and were severe. No difficulties were observed in Arabic number writing. Difficulties in single-digit calculation co-occurred with basic numerical processing impairments in symbolic and non-symbolic (single-digit comparison, dot sets size comparison and estimation) tasks. Her difficulties suggest ANS impairment. No difficulties were detected in visuospatial/visuoconstructional and in phonological processing tasks. The main contributions of the present study are: (a) this is the first characterization of the neuropsychological phenotype in 22q11.2DS (LCR22-4 to LCR22.5) with normal intelligence; (b) mild forms of specific genetic conditions contribute to persistent MD in otherwise typical persons; (c) heterogeneity of neurogenetic underpinnings of MD is suggested by poor performance in non-symbolic numerical processing, dissociated from visuospatial/visuoconstructional and phonological impairments; (d) similar to what happens in 22q11.2DS (LCR22-2 to LCR22-4), ANS impairments may also characterize 22q11.2DS (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia de Fátima Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neuropsicologia do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Annelise Júlio-Costa
- Laboratório de Neuropsicologia do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vitor Geraldi Haase
- Laboratório de Neuropsicologia do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Cognição e Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino, São Carlos, Brazil
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15
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Ferese R, Bonetti M, Consoli F, Guida V, Sarkozy A, Lepri FR, Versacci P, Gambardella S, Calcagni G, Margiotti K, Piceci Sparascio F, Hozhabri H, Mazza T, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Marino B, Hertog JD, De Luca A. Heterozygous missense mutations in NFATC1 are associated with atrioventricular septal defect. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1428-1441. [PMID: 30007050 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) may occur as part of a complex disorder (e.g., Down syndrome, heterotaxy), or as isolate cardiac defect. Multiple lines of evidence support a role of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in AVSD, and mutations in CRELD1, a protein functioning as a regulator of calcineurin/NFAT signaling have been reported in a small fraction of affected subjects. In this study, 22 patients with isolated AVSD and 38 with AVSD and heterotaxy were screened for NFATC1 gene mutations. Sequence analysis identified three missense variants in three individuals, including a subject with isolated AVSD [p.(Ala367Val)], an individual with AVSD and heterotaxy [p.(Val210Met)], and a subject with AVSD, heterotaxy, and oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) [p.(Ala696Thr)], respectively. The latter was also heterozygous for a missense change in TBX1 [p.(Pro86Leu)]. Targeted resequencing of genes associated with AVSD, heterotaxy, or OAVS excluded additional hits in the three mutation-positive subjects. Functional characterization of NFATC1 mutants documented defective nuclear translocation and decreased transcriptional transactivation activity. When expressed in zebrafish, the three NFATC1 mutants caused cardiac looping defects and altered atrioventricular canal patterning, providing evidence of their functional relevance in vivo. Our findings support a role of defective NFATC1 function in the etiology of isolated and heterotaxy-related AVSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Bonetti
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Consoli
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guida
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Lepri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Versacci
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Calcagni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Margiotti
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Piceci Sparascio
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Hossein Hozhabri
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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16
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Distal deletion at 22q11.2 as differential diagnosis in Craniofacial Microsomia: Case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:262-268. [PMID: 29288792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial Microsomia (CFM) also known as Oculo-auriculo-vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar Syndrome, presents wide phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity. It affects mainly the structures originated from the first and second pharyngeal arches. In addition, other major anomalies may also be found, including congenital heart diseases. In this study, we report a patient with distal deletion in the 22q11.2 region and a phenotype which resembles CFM. The proband is a girl, who presented bilateral preauricular tags, left auditory canal stenosis, malar hypoplasia, cleft lip and palate, mild asymmetry of soft tissue in face, congenital heart disease, intestinal atresia, annular pancreas and hydronephrosis. The genomic imbalances investigation by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) revealed a distal deletion of 1,048 kb at 22q11.2 encompassing the region from Low Copy Repeats (LCRs) D to E. We did review of the literature and genotype-phenotype correlation. This is the sixth case of distal 22q11.2 deletion resembling CFM and the second encompassing the region between LCRs D to E. All cases share some phenotypic signs, such as preauricular tags, facial asymmetry, cleft lip and palate, and congenital heart diseases. Candidate genes in this region have been studied by having an important role in pharyngeal arches developmental and in congenital heart diseases, such as HIC2, YPEL1and MAPK1/ERK2. This case corroborates the phenotypic similarity between 22q11.2 distal deletion and CFM/OAVS. It also contributes to genotype-phenotype correlation and reinforces that candidate genes for CFM, in the 22q11.2 region, might be located between LCRs D and E.
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17
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Nishiura K, Ichikawa-Tomikawa N, Sugimoto K, Kunii Y, Kashiwagi K, Tanaka M, Yokoyama Y, Hino M, Sugino T, Yabe H, Takahashi H, Kakita A, Imura T, Chiba H. PKA activation and endothelial claudin-5 breakdown in the schizophrenic prefrontal cortex. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93382-93391. [PMID: 29212157 PMCID: PMC5706803 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors; however, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we focus on the endothelial tight-junction protein claudin-5 (CLDN5), because the CLDN5 gene is mapped to the schizophrenia-associated 22q11.2 deletion region, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CLDN5 locus is also linked to schizophrenia. We show, by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry, that the expressions of CLDN5 mRNA and protein are significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the schizophrenic prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared with control PFC. These changes were not observed in the schizophrenic visual cortex (VC), and neither the density nor diameter of the CD34-positive microvessels was altered in the schizophrenic PFC or VC. Interestingly, protein kinase A (PKA) was activated in the microvascular and perivascular regions of the schizophrenic PFC, and the pPKA-positive microvascular endothelial cells occasionally exhibited focal loss of CLND5. Since we previously demonstrated that cAMP induced CLDN5 mRNA expression and size-selective loosening of the endothelial barrier in PKA-independent and -dependent manners, respectively, a similar mechanism could contribute to the discrepancy between mRNA and protein expression of CLDN5 in the schizophrenic PFC. Taken collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nishiura
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa-Tomikawa
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Korehito Kashiwagi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuko Tanaka
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugino
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Imura
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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18
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Kaufman CS, Genovese A, Butler MG. Deletion of TOP3B Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Facial Dysmorphism. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 150:106-111. [PMID: 27880953 DOI: 10.1159/000452815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of different regions of chromosome 22q11 have been extensively characterized in the literature, with a recent review outlining common deletions with a standardized system proposed for classification and nomenclature. The genotype-phenotype relationships have not been sufficiently elucidated for these deletions, and it remains unclear which specific genes play the dominant roles in producing associated clinical features. Several deletions involve entirely distinct regions of chromosome 22q11 but do not overlap, suggesting that a number of different genes contribute to the clinical features. Studies of patients with small deletions involving only 1 or 2 genes may provide more convincing evidence for the impact of individual genes on the observed phenotype. In this case report, we present a 12-year-old female with autism, cognitive impairment, dysmorphic features, and behavioral concerns and a 268-kb deletion of chromosome 22q11.22 including TOP3B, the only recognized disease-causing gene in the deletion. The mechanism of pathogenesis contributing significantly to our patient's clinical findings may relate to interaction between TOP3B and fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an mRNA-binding protein that regulates translation and is altered in fragile X syndrome, a condition involving developmental delay, learning disability, and autism. All these features are recognized in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S Kaufman
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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19
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20
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Colovati MES, Bragagnolo S, Guilherme RS, Dantas AG, Soares MF, Kim CA, Perez ABA, Melaragno MI. Atypical 581-kb 22q11.21 Deletion in a Patient with Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum Phenotype. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 147:130-4. [PMID: 26919065 DOI: 10.1159/000444228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is defined as a group of malformations involving the ears, mouth, mandible, eyes, and cervical spine. Establishing an accurate clinical diagnosis of OAVS is a challenge for clinical geneticists, not only because these patients display heterogeneous phenotypes, but also because its etiology encompasses environmental factors, unknown genetic factors and different chromosome aberrations. To date, several chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with the syndrome, most frequently involving chromosome 22. In the literature, six 22q11.2 microdeletions have been described within the same region, suggesting possible OAVS candidate genes in this segment. Here, we report on a patient with an ∼581-kb 22q11.21 deletion, detected by genomic array and MLPA. This is the 7th case described with OAVS and 22q deletion, suggesting that the 22q11.2 region may be related to the regulation of body symmetry and facial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileny E S Colovati
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sx00E3;o Paulo, Sx00E3;o Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Burnside RD. 22q11.21 Deletion Syndromes: A Review of Proximal, Central, and Distal Deletions and Their Associated Features. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 146:89-99. [PMID: 26278718 DOI: 10.1159/000438708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.21 contains a cluster of low-copy repeats (LCRs), referred to as LCR22A-H, that mediate meiotic non-allelic homologous recombination, resulting in either deletion or duplication of various intervals in the region. The deletion of the DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome interval LCR22A-D is the most common recurrent microdeletion in humans, with an estimated incidence of ∼1:4,000 births. Deletion of other intervals in 22q11.21 have also been described, but the literature is often confusing, as the terms 'proximal', 'nested', 'distal', and 'atypical' have all been used to describe various of the other intervals. Individuals with deletions tend to have features with widely variable expressivity, even among families. This review concisely delineates each interval and classifies the reported literature accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Burnside
- Department of Cytogenetics, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology, Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA
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Beleza-Meireles A, Hart R, Clayton-Smith J, Oliveira R, Reis CF, Venâncio M, Ramos F, Sá J, Ramos L, Cunha E, Pires LM, Carreira IM, Scholey R, Wright R, Urquhart JE, Briggs TA, Kerr B, Kingston H, Metcalfe K, Donnai D, Newman WG, Saraiva JM, Tassabehji M. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: clinical and molecular analysis of 51 patients. Eur J Med Genet 2015. [PMID: 26206081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS OMIM 164210) is a craniofacial developmental disorder affecting the development of the structures derived from the 1st and the 2nd branchial arches during embryogenesis, with consequential maxillary, mandibular, and ear abnormalities. The phenotype in OAVS is variable and associated clinical features can involve the cardiac, renal, skeletal, and central nervous systems. Its aetiology is still poorly understood. METHODS We have evaluated the clinical phenotypes of 51 previously unpublished patients with OAVS and their parents, and performed comparative genomic hybridization microarray studies to identify potential causative loci. RESULTS Of all 51 patients, 16 (31%) had a family history of OAVS. Most had no relevant pre-natal history and only 5 (10%) cases had a history of environmental exposures that have previously been described as risk factors for OAVS. In 28 (55%) cases, the malformations were unilateral. When the involvement was bilateral, it was asymmetric. Ear abnormalities were present in 47 (92%) patients (unilateral in 24; and bilateral in 23). Hearing loss was common (85%), mostly conductive, but also sensorineural, or a combination of both. Hemifacial microsomia was present in 46 (90%) patients (17 also presented facial nerve palsy). Ocular anomalies were present in 15 (29%) patients. Vertebral anomalies were confirmed in 10 (20%) cases; 50% of those had additional heart, brain and/or other organ abnormalities. Brain abnormalities were present in 5 (10%) patients; developmental delay was more common among these patients. Limb abnormalities were found in 6 (12%) patients, and urogenital anomalies in 5 (10%). Array-CGH analysis identified 22q11 dosage anomalies in 10 out of 22 index cases screened. DISCUSSION In this study we carried out in-depth phenotyping of OAVS in a large, multicentre cohort. Clinical characteristics are in line with those reported previously, however, we observed a higher incidence of hemifacial microsomia and lower incidence of ocular anomalies. Furthermore our data suggests that OAVS patients with vertebral anomalies or congenital heart defects have a higher frequency of additional brain, limb or other malformations. We had a higher rate of familial cases in our cohort in comparison with previous reports, possibly because these cases were referred preferentially to our genetic clinic where family members underwent examination. We propose that familial OAVS cases show phenotypic variability, hence, affected relatives might have been misclassified in previous reports. Moreover, in view of its phenotypic variability, OAVS is potentially a spectrum of conditions, which overlap with other conditions, such as mandibulofacial dysostosis. Array CGH in our cohort identified recurrent dosage anomalies on 22q11, which may contribute to, or increase the risk of OAVS. We hypothesize that although the 22q11 locus may harbour gene(s) or regulatory elements that play a role in the regulation of craniofacial symmetry and 1st and 2nd branchial arch development, OAVS is a heterogeneous condition and many cases have a multifactorial aetiology or are caused by mutations in as yet unidentified gene(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beleza-Meireles
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Rachel Hart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Mersey Regional Genetic Service, Alder Hey Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Renata Oliveira
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Falcão Reis
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Venâncio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Ramos
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Sá
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lina Ramos
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elizabete Cunha
- Unidade Hematologia Molecular, Serviço de Hematologia, CHUC, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Pires
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Laboratório de Citogenética e Genómica - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Laboratório de Citogenética e Genómica - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rachel Scholey
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronnie Wright
- Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, USA
| | - Jill E Urquhart
- Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, USA
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Kingston
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dian Donnai
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Jorge Manuel Saraiva
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Laboratório de Citogenética e Genómica - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - May Tassabehji
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as part of Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK.
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Tan TY, Gordon CT, Miller KA, Amor DJ, Farlie PG. YPEL1
overexpression in early avian craniofacial mesenchyme causes mandibular dysmorphogenesis by up‐regulating apoptosis. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1022-30. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's HospitalMelbourne Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourne Australia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourne Australia
| | | | - Kerry A Miller
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourne Australia
| | - David J. Amor
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's HospitalMelbourne Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourne Australia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourne Australia
| | - Peter G. Farlie
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourne Australia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourne Australia
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Lindgren V, McRae A, Dineen R, Saulsberry A, Hoganson G, Schrift M. Behavioral abnormalities are common and severe in patients with distal 22q11.2 microdeletions and microduplications. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:346-53. [PMID: 26247050 PMCID: PMC4521969 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe six individuals with microdeletions and microduplications in the distal 22q11.2 region detected by microarray. Five of the abnormalities have breakpoints in the low-copy repeats (LCR) in this region and one patient has an atypical rearrangement. Two of the six patients with abnormalities in the region between LCR22 D–E have hearing loss, which has previously been reported only once in association with these abnormalities. We especially note the behavioral/neuropsychiatric problems, including the severity and early onset, in patients with distal 22q11.2 rearrangements. Our patients add to the genotype–phenotype correlations which are still being generated for these chromosomal anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lindgren
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne McRae
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard Dineen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - George Hoganson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Schrift
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois
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25
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Guida V, Sinibaldi L, Pagnoni M, Bernardini L, Loddo S, Margiotti K, Digilio MC, Fadda MT, Dallapiccola B, Iannetti G, Alessandro DL. A de novo proximal 3q29 chromosome microduplication in a patient with oculo auriculo vertebral spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:797-801. [PMID: 25735547 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oculo auriculo vertebral spectrum (OAVS; OMIM 164210) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder originating from an abnormal development of the first and second branchial arches. Main clinical characteristics include defects of the aural, oral, mandibular, and vertebral development. Anomalies of the cardiac, pulmonary, renal, skeletal, and central nervous systems have also been described. We report on a 25-year-old male showing a spectrum of clinical manifestations fitting the OAVS diagnosis: hemifacial microsomia, asymmetric mandibular hypoplasia, preauricular pits and tags, unilateral absence of the auditory meatus, dysgenesis of the inner ear and unilateral microphthalmia. A SNP-array analysis identified a de novo previously unreported microduplication spanning 723 Kb on chromosome 3q29. This rearrangement was proximal to the 3q29 microdeletion/microduplication syndrome region, and encompassed nine genes including ATP13A3 and XXYLT1, which are involved in the organogenesis and regulation of the Notch pathway, respectively. The present observation further expands the spectrum of genomic rearrangements associated to OAVS, underlying the value of array-based studies in patients manifesting OAVS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guida
- IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, Rome, Italy
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Beleza-Meireles A, Clayton-Smith J, Saraiva JM, Tassabehji M. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: a review of the literature and genetic update. J Med Genet 2014; 51:635-45. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Carvalho MRS, Vianna G, Oliveira LDFS, Costa AJ, Pinheiro-Chagas P, Sturzenecker R, Zen PRG, Rosa RFM, de Aguiar MJB, Haase VG. Are 22q11.2 distal deletions associated with math difficulties? Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2256-62. [PMID: 24989330 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 6% of school-aged children have math difficulties (MD). A neurogenetic etiology has been suggested due to the presence of MD in some genetic syndromes such as 22q11.2DS. However, the contribution of 22q11.2DS to the MD phenotype has not yet been investigated. This is the first population-based study measuring the frequency of 22q11.2DS among school children with MD. Children (1,564) were identified in the schools through a screening test for language and math. Of these children, 152 (82 with MD and 70 controls) were selected for intelligence, general neuropsychological, and math cognitive assessments and for 22q11.2 microdeletion screening using MLPA. One child in the MD group had a 22q11.2 deletion spanning the LCR22-4 to LCR22-5 interval. This child was an 11-year-old girl with subtle anomalies, normal intelligence, MD attributable to number sense deficit, and difficulties in social interactions. Only 19 patients have been reported with this deletion. Upon reviewing these reports, we were able to characterize a new syndrome, 22q11.2 DS (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5), characterized by prematurity; pre- and postnatal growth restriction; apparent hypotelorism, short/upslanting palpebral fissures; hypoplastic nasal alae; pointed chin and nose; posteriorly rotated ears; congenital heart defects; skeletal abnormalities; developmental delay, particularly compromising the speech; learning disability (including MD, in one child); intellectual disability; and behavioral problems. These results suggest that 22q11.2 DS (LCR22-4 to LCR22-5) may be one of the genetic causes of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raquel Santos Carvalho
- Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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28
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Dykes IM, van Bueren KL, Ashmore RJ, Floss T, Wurst W, Szumska D, Bhattacharya S, Scambler PJ. HIC2 is a novel dosage-dependent regulator of cardiac development located within the distal 22q11 deletion syndrome region. Circ Res 2014; 115:23-31. [PMID: 24748541 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.303300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE 22q11 deletion syndrome arises from recombination between low-copy repeats on chromosome 22. Typical deletions result in hemizygosity for TBX1 associated with congenital cardiovascular disease. Deletions distal to the typically deleted region result in a similar cardiac phenotype but lack in extracardiac features of the syndrome, suggesting that a second haploinsufficient gene maps to this interval. OBJECTIVE The transcription factor HIC2 is lost in most distal deletions, as well as in a minority of typical deletions. We used mouse models to test the hypothesis that HIC2 hemizygosity causes congenital heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We created a genetrap mouse allele of Hic2. The genetrap reporter was expressed in the heart throughout the key stages of cardiac morphogenesis. Homozygosity for the genetrap allele was embryonic lethal before embryonic day E10.5, whereas the heterozygous condition exhibited a partially penetrant late lethality. One third of heterozygous embryos had a cardiac phenotype. MRI demonstrated a ventricular septal defect with over-riding aorta. Conditional targeting indicated a requirement for Hic2 within the Nkx2.5+ and Mesp1+ cardiovascular progenitor lineages. Microarray analysis revealed increased expression of Bmp10. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate a novel role for Hic2 in cardiac development. Hic2 is the first gene within the distal 22q11 interval to have a demonstrated haploinsufficient cardiac phenotype in mice. Together our data suggest that HIC2 haploinsufficiency likely contributes to the cardiac defects seen in distal 22q11 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain M Dykes
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Lammerts van Bueren
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah J Ashmore
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Floss
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorota Szumska
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Scambler
- From the Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom (I.M.D., K.L.v.B., R.J.A., P.J.S.); Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.) and Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Institute of Developmental Genetics (T.F., W.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany (W.W.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (W.W.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.S., S.B.) and Cardiovascular Medicine (I.M.D.), University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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dos Santos PAC, de Oliveira SF, Freitas EL, Safatle HPN, Rosenberg C, Ferrari I, Mazzeu JF. Non-overlapping 22q11.2 microdeletions in patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:551-3. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna Almeida Costa dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade de Brasília; DF Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de, Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Silviene Fabiana de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de, Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Erika L. Freitas
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo; SP Brazil
| | | | - Carla Rosenberg
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo; SP Brazil
| | - Iris Ferrari
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de, Ciências Biológicas Universidade de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Juliana Forte Mazzeu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade de Brasília; DF Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia; Universidade Católica de Brasília; Brasília DF Brazil
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Torti EE, Braddock SR, Bernreuter K, Batanian JR. Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, cat eye, and distal 22q11 microdeletion syndromes: a unique double rearrangement. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1992-8. [PMID: 23894059 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An array-CGH on 19-year-old male showed a proximal 1.11 Mb duplication and a distal 1.7 Mb deletion of 22q11.2 regions flanking the Velocardiofacial/DiGeorge syndrome region that remained intact. FISH analyses revealed both abnormalities to be on the same homolog 22. This double rearrangement lead to the co-existence of two syndromes: Cat eye and distal 22q11.2 microdeletion syndromes with a rare associated phenotype of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). A review of the literature indicates that this is the second report of a proximal duplication and the fifth report of a distal deletion and OAVS suggestive of a possible OAVS candidate gene in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Torti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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31
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Atypical copy number abnormalities in 22q11.2 region: Report of three cases. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:515-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Heart defects and other features of the 22q11 distal deletion syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Garavelli L, Rosato S, Wischmeijer A, Gelmini C, Esposito A, Mazzanti L, Franchi F, De Crescenzo A, Palumbo O, Carella M, Riccio A. 22q11.2 Distal Deletion Syndrome: Description of a New Case with Truncus Arteriosus Type 2 and Review. Mol Syndromol 2011; 2:35-44. [PMID: 22582037 DOI: 10.1159/000334262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is mainly characterized by conotruncal congenital heart defects, velopharyngeal insufficiency, hypocalcemia and a characteristic craniofacial appearance. The etiology in the majority of patients is a 3-Mb recurrent deletion in region 22q11.2. Nevertheless, recently some cases of infrequent deletions with various sizes have been reported with a different phenotype. We report on a patient with congenital heart disease (truncus arteriosus type 2) in whom a de novo 1.3-Mb 22q11.2 deletion was detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. The deletion described corresponds to an atypical and distal deletion which spans low copy repeat (LCR) 4 and is associated with breakpoint sites that do not correspond to known LCRs of 22q11.2. We examine the clinical phenotype of our case and compare our findings with those published in the literature. The most prevalent clinical features in this type of deletion are a history of prematurity, pre-natal and post-natal growth retardation, slight facial dysmorphic features, microcephaly and developmental delay, with a speech defect in particular. These are clearly different from those found in the classic 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and we believe that the main differential diagnosis should be with Silver-Russel syndrome. In our case we observe the cardiac phenotype with truncus arteriosus communis usually seen in the classic 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, and so far associated with the TBX1 gene. Significantly, however, TBX1 is not included in our patient's deletion. The possible roles of a position effect or other genes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Garavelli
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Obstetric and Paediatric Department, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Tan TY, Collins A, James PA, McGillivray G, Stark Z, Gordon CT, Leventer RJ, Pope K, Forbes R, Crolla JA, Ganesamoorthy D, Burgess T, Bruno DL, Slater HR, Farlie PG, Amor DJ. Phenotypic variability of distal 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:1623-33. [PMID: 21671380 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The availability of microarray technology has led to the recent recognition of copy number abnormalities of distal chromosome 22q11.2 that are distinct from the better-characterized deletions and duplications of the proximal region. This report describes five unrelated individuals with copy number abnormalities affecting distal chromosome 22q11.2. We report on novel phenotypic features including diaphragmatic hernia and uterine didelphys associated with the distal microdeletion syndrome; and frontomedial polymicrogyria and callosal agenesis associated with the distal microduplication syndrome. We describe the third distal chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion patient with Goldenhar syndrome. Patients with distal chromosome 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities exhibit inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability, and challenge our ability to draw meaningful genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Rooryck C, Souakri N, Cailley D, Bouron J, Goizet C, Delrue MA, Marlin S, Lacombe FD, Arveiler B. Array-CGH analysis of a cohort of 86 patients with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1984-9. [PMID: 20635336 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disorder. We performed high density oligonucleotide array-CGH on 86 OAVS patients and identified in 11 patients 12 novel genomic rearrangements (4 deletions and 8 duplications) ranging in size from 2.7 kb to 2.3 Mb. We discuss the potential pathogenic role of these chromosomal aberrations, and describe new candidate regions for OAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rooryck
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine (EA4137), Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Tan TY, Gordon CT, Amor DJ, Farlie PG. Developmental perspectives on copy number abnormalities of the 22q11.2 region. Clin Genet 2010; 78:201-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Huang XS, Xiao L, Li X, Xie Y, Jiang HO, Tan C, Wang L, Zhang JX. Two neighboring microdeletions of 5q13.2 in a child with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:153-8. [PMID: 20346424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with multiple congenital anomalies, including hemifacial microsomia, asymmetric macrostomia, dysplastic mandible, multiple preauricular tags, atresia of the external auricular canal, and vertebral anomalies, which coincide with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. G-banding ( approximately 850 band level) showed a normal 46, XY karyotype. A genome-wide screen for copy number variations (CNVs) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays revealed a 1Mb and a 167 kb deletion both on chromosome 5q13.2, which were absent in the parents and in 27 controls. Sixteen genes were located in the deleted region, including BIR1C and OCLN, which are involved in apoptosis. Haploinsufficiency of these genes may be contributing to the phenotype in this patient. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of this 5q13.2 deletion in a patient with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-shuang Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
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Rooryck C, VuPhi Y, Souakri N, Burgelin I, Saura R, Lacombe D, Arveiler B, Taine L. Characterization of a de novo balanced translocation t(9;18)(p23;q12.2) in a patient with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:104-7. [PMID: 20132917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient presenting with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum and a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation t(9;18)(p23;q12.2). Physical mapping of the translocation breakpoints by fluorescent in situ hybridization showed that the breakpoints are located in two regions encompassing gene deserts. An additional paternally inherited duplication in 18p11.23p11.31 was identified by array-CGH. We discuss the possible involvement of these chromosomal abnormalities in OAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rooryck
- Laboratoire de Génétique Humaine (EA4137), Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France.
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Lafay-Cousin L, Payne E, Strother D, Chernos J, Chan M, Bernier FP. Goldenhar phenotype in a child with distal 22q11.2 deletion and intracranial atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2855-9. [PMID: 19938088 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome-specific low copy repeats (LCRs) are implicated in several clinically significant microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. The well-recognized phenotype of DiGeorge/velocardiofacial syndrome (DG/VCF) results from deletions of the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q11.2) mediated by the proximal LCRs in this region. More recent evidence suggests that the distal LCRs within 22q11.2 are also implicated in microdeletions and microduplications with less characterized phenotypes. Here we report on an infant diagnosed with Goldenhar syndrome (GS) phenotype who developed an atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) of the brain due to a distal deletion of the chromosome 22q11.2 region encompassing the INI1/SMARCB1 tumor suppressor. We also discuss the phenotype of patients with germline deletions of this region and the possible implication of the 22q11.2 region in the GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Lafay-Cousin
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T3B 6A8.
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Digilio MC, McDonald-McGinn DM, Heike C, Catania C, Dallapiccola B, Marino B, Zackai EH. Three patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and microdeletion 22q11.2. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2860-4. [PMID: 19890921 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report on three unrelated patients with the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (del22q11) who have phenotypic anomalies compatible with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). Hemifacial microsomia, unilateral microtia, hearing loss, congenital heart/aortic arch arteries defects, and feeding difficulties were present in all three patients. Additional anomalies occasionally diagnosed included coloboma of the upper eyelid, microphthalmia, cerebral malformation, palatal anomalies, neonatal hypocalcemia, developmental delay, and laryngomalacia. Several clinical features characteristic of OAVS have been described in patients with del22q11 from the literature, including ear anomalies, hearing loss, cervical vertebral malformations, conotruncal cardiac defects, renal malformations, feeding and respiratory difficulties. Atretic ear with facial asymmetry has been previously described in one patient. Thus, clinical expression of hemifacial microsomia and microtia resembling OAVS should now be included within the wide phenotypic expression of del22q11. The occurrence of this manifestation in del22q11 is currently low. Nevertheless, patients with hemifacial microsomia and microtia associated with clinical features typically associated with del22q11 should now have for specific cytogenetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Digilio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesú Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
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2.3 Mb terminal deletion in 12p13.33 associated with oculoauriculovertebral spectrum and evaluation of WNT5B as a candidate gene. Eur J Med Genet 2009; 52:446-9. [PMID: 19733267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient presenting with developmental delay, patent foramen ovale, moderate short QT interval, and facial dysmorphism including left microtia, preauricular tag and pit, wide left corner of the mouth, and left hemifacial microsomia, fitting with the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum. We identified a de novo 2.3 Mb deletion in the 12p13.33 region that contains eighteen genes. Amongst those, the WNT5B gene stands out as a possible candidate. However, we did not find any mutation of this gene neither in our patient nor in a series of 53 OAVS patients. The CACNA1C gene is interrupted by the centromeric breakpoint of the deletion and its inactivation probably accounts for the short QT interval of the patient. We speculate that the phenotype of our patient may be explained by the combined effect of the loss of several of the genes contained in the deleted chromosomal segment and of the inactivation of CACNA1C.
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Chan LW, Choy KW, Leung TY, Lau TK. Prenatal diagnosis by array-comparative genomic hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 3:649-57. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050903222247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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