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Prakasam R, Determan J, Narasimhan M, Shen R, Saleh M, Chapman G, Kaushik K, Gontarz P, Meganathan K, Hakim B, Zhang B, Huettner JE, Kroll KL. Autism and Intellectual Disability-Associated MYT1L Mutation Alters Human Cortical Interneuron Differentiation, Maturation, and Physiology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.11.612541. [PMID: 39314432 PMCID: PMC11419074 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.11.612541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
MYT1L is a neuronal transcription factor highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. While pathogenic MYT1L mutation causes neurodevelopmental disorders, these have not been characterized in human models of neurodevelopment. Here, we defined the consequences of pathogenic MYT1L mutation in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical interneurons. During differentiation, mutation reduced MYT1L expression and increased progenitor cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation and synapse-related gene expression, morphological complexity, and synaptic puncta formation. Conversely, interneuron maturation was compromised, while variant neurons exhibited altered sodium and potassium channel activity and reduced function in electrophysiological analyses. CRISPRi-based knockdown similarly impaired interneuron differentiation and maturation, supporting loss of function-based effects. We further defined MYT1L genome-wide occupancy in interneurons and related this to the transcriptomic dysregulation resulting from MYT1L mutation, to identify direct targets that could mediate these phenotypic consequences. Together, this work delineates contributors to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from MYT1L mutation.
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2
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Song X, Xu W, Xiao M, Lu Y, Lan X, Tang X, Xu N, Yu G, Zhang H, Wu S. Two novel heterozygous truncating variants in NR4A2 identified in patients with neurodevelopmental disorder and brief literature review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:956429. [PMID: 35992907 PMCID: PMC9383035 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.956429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the nuclear receptor superfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2) cause an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with or without seizures. Here, we described two patients presenting with developmental delay, language impairment, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Trio-based whole exome sequencing revealed two novel heterozygous variants, c.1541-2A > C and c.915C > A, in NR4A2. Both variants were identified as de novo and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In vitro functional analyses were performed to assess their effects on expression of mRNA or protein. The canonical splicing variant c.1541-2A > C caused aberrant splicing, leading to the retention of intron 7 and a truncated protein due to an early termination codon within intron 7 with decreased protein expression, while the variant c.915C > A was shown to result in a shorter protein with increased expression level unexpectedly. The clinical and genetic characteristics of the previously published patients were briefly reviewed for highlighting the potential link between mutations and phenotypes. Our research further confirms that NR4A2 is a disease-causing gene of neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests alterations in different domains of NR4A2 cause various severity of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Song
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuhen Xu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Xiao
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Lan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanjie Xu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Zhang,
| | - Shengnan Wu
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shengnan Wu,
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3
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Català-Solsona J, Miñano-Molina AJ, Rodríguez-Álvarez J. Nr4a2 Transcription Factor in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity, Memory and Cognitive Dysfunction: A Perspective Review. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:786226. [PMID: 34880728 PMCID: PMC8645690 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.786226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lasting changes of synaptic efficacy are largely mediated by activity-induced gene transcription and are essential for neuronal plasticity and memory. In this scenario, transcription factors have emerged as pivotal players underlying synaptic plasticity and the modification of neural networks required for memory formation and consolidation. Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is widely accepted to underlie the cognitive decline observed in some neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways regulating gene expression profiles may help to identify new synaptic therapeutic targets. The nuclear receptor 4A subfamily (Nr4a) of transcription factors has been involved in a variety of physiological processes within the hippocampus, ranging from inflammation to neuroprotection. Recent studies have also pointed out a role for the activity-dependent nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 (Nr4a2/Nurr1) in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this review, we highlight the specific effects of Nr4a2 in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory formation and we discuss whether the dysregulation of this transcription factor could contribute to hippocampal synaptic dysfunction, altogether suggesting the possibility that Nr4a2 may emerge as a novel synaptic therapeutic target in brain pathologies associated to cognitive dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Català-Solsona
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo J Miñano-Molina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Pandey A, Oliver R, Kar SK. Differential Gene Expression in Brain and Liver Tissue of Wistar Rats after Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:442-465. [PMID: 33114225 PMCID: PMC7711450 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for the survival of most living beings. Numerous researchers have identified a series of genes that are thought to regulate "sleep-state" or the "deprived state". As sleep has a significant effect on physiology, we believe that lack of total sleep, or particularly rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, for a prolonged period would have a profound impact on various body tissues. Therefore, using the microarray method, we sought to determine which genes and processes are affected in the brain and liver of rats following nine days of REM sleep deprivation. Our findings showed that REM sleep deprivation affected a total of 652 genes in the brain and 426 genes in the liver. Only 23 genes were affected commonly, 10 oppositely, and 13 similarly across brain and liver tissue. Our results suggest that nine-day REM sleep deprivation differentially affects genes and processes in the brain and liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Pandey
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Ryan Oliver
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Santosh K Kar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
- Nano Herb Research Laboratory, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Technology Bio Incubator, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
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5
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Cellular and molecular characterization of multiplex autism in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Mol Autism 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 31893020 PMCID: PMC6936127 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with pronounced heritability in the general population. This is largely attributable to the effects of polygenic susceptibility, with inherited liability exhibiting distinct sex differences in phenotypic expression. Attempts to model ASD in human cellular systems have principally involved rare de novo mutations associated with ASD phenocopies. However, by definition, these models are not representative of polygenic liability, which accounts for the vast share of population-attributable risk. Methods Here, we performed what is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to model multiplex autism using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in a family manifesting incremental degrees of phenotypic expression of inherited liability (absent, intermediate, severe). The family members share an inherited variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in GPD2, a gene that was previously associated with developmental disability but here is insufficient by itself to cause ASD. iPSCs from three first-degree relatives and an unrelated control were differentiated into both cortical excitatory (cExN) and cortical inhibitory (cIN) neurons, and cellular phenotyping and transcriptomic analysis were conducted. Results cExN neurospheres from the two affected individuals were reduced in size, compared to those derived from unaffected related and unrelated individuals. This reduction was, at least in part, due to increased apoptosis of cells from affected individuals upon initiation of cExN neural induction. Likewise, cIN neural progenitor cells from affected individuals exhibited increased apoptosis, compared to both unaffected individuals. Transcriptomic analysis of both cExN and cIN neural progenitor cells revealed distinct molecular signatures associated with affectation, including the misregulation of suites of genes associated with neural development, neuronal function, and behavior, as well as altered expression of ASD risk-associated genes. Conclusions We have provided evidence of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic signatures of polygenic liability to ASD from an analysis of cellular models derived from a multiplex autism family. ASD is commonly inherited on the basis of additive genetic liability. Therefore, identifying convergent cellular and molecular phenotypes resulting from polygenic and monogenic susceptibility may provide a critical bridge for determining which of the disparate effects of rare highly deleterious mutations might also apply to common autistic syndromes.
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6
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Lévy J, Grotto S, Mignot C, Maruani A, Delahaye-Duriez A, Benzacken B, Keren B, Haye D, Xavier J, Heulin M, Charles E, Verloes A, Dupont C, Pipiras E, Tabet AC. NR4A2 haploinsufficiency is associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Clin Genet 2019; 94:264-268. [PMID: 29770430 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
NR4A2, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is involved in modulation of target gene transcription, regulating several developmental processes such as regulation of cellular homeostasis, neuronal development, inflammation and carcinogenesis. 2q24.1 deletions are extremely rare, and only 1 patient with a de novo deletion encompassing only NR4A2 gene was reported so far. We report 3 additional patients with a de novo deletion encompassing NR4A2: 2 patients have deletions encompassing only NR4A2 gene and 1 patient has a deletion including NR4A2 and the first exon of GPD2. Our patients presented a neurodevelopmental disorder including language impairment, developmental delay, intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder. We suggest that NR4A2 haploinsufficiency is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorder with high penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lévy
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1141, Paris Diderot University, AP-HP, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Grotto
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Mignot
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Déficience Intellectuelle de Causes Rares, GRC Université Pierre et Marie Curie « Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme », Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Maruani
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Neuroscience Department, Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - A Delahaye-Duriez
- INSERM UMR1141, Paris Diderot University, AP-HP, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Cytogenetics, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Embryology and Histology, AP-HP, Bondy, France.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London
| | - B Benzacken
- INSERM UMR1141, Paris Diderot University, AP-HP, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Cytogenetics, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Embryology and Histology, AP-HP, Bondy, France
| | - B Keren
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - D Haye
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J Xavier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M Heulin
- Unité de Diagnostic et d'Evaluation Pluriprofessionnelle de l'autisme et des troubles apparentés, Etablissement publique de santé de Ville-Evrard, Neuilly Sur Marne, France
| | - E Charles
- Unité de Diagnostic et d'Evaluation Pluriprofessionnelle de l'autisme et des troubles apparentés, Etablissement publique de santé de Ville-Evrard, Neuilly Sur Marne, France
| | - A Verloes
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1141, Paris Diderot University, AP-HP, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Dupont
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - E Pipiras
- INSERM UMR1141, Paris Diderot University, AP-HP, Robert-Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Department of Cytogenetics, Jean-Verdier Hospital, Paris 13 University, Embryology and Histology, AP-HP, Bondy, France
| | - A-C Tabet
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Neuroscience Department, Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
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7
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Ramos LLP, Monteiro FP, Sampaio LPB, Costa LA, Ribeiro MDO, Freitas EL, Kitajima JP, Kok F. Heterozygous loss of function of NR4A2 is associated with intellectual deficiency, rolandic epilepsy, and language impairment. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:1582-1584. [PMID: 31428396 PMCID: PMC6693049 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of a de novo mutation in NR4A2 associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype reinforces its role in 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome. Using the proband WES data and the probability of loss-of-function intolerance index (pLi) set at 1.0 (highest intolerance constraint), we could target NR4A2 as the candidate gene in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Kok
- Mendelics Genomic AnalysisSao PauloBrazil
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Sao Paulo School of MedicineSao PauloBrazil
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8
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Gao K, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Kong W, Xie H, Wang J, Wu Y, Wu X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Yu ACH, Jiang Y. Large De Novo Microdeletion in Epilepsy with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, with a Systems Biology Analysis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 21:247-266. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94593-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Shimojima K, Okamoto N, Yamamoto T. Possible genes responsible for developmental delay observed in patients with rare 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome: Literature review and description of an additional patient. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2017; 57:109-113. [PMID: 27957763 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cases of 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome are rare. Patients with chromosomal deletions in this region often show language impairment and/or developmental delay of variable severity. Previous genotype-phenotype correlation study suggested GALNT13 and KCNJ3 as possible candidate genes for such phenotypes. We identified a new overlapping deletion in a patient with severe developmental delay. The identified deletion extended toward the distal 2q24.1 region, and more severe phenotypes in the present patient were considered to be related to the additionally deleted genes including NR4A2 and GPD2. Previously reported chromosomal translocation and the mutation identified in GPD2 suggested that this gene would be responsible for the developmental delay. Re-evaluation for the critical region for behavior abnormalities commonly observed in the patients with overlapping deletions of this region suggested that KCNJ3 rather than GALNT13 may be responsible for abnormal behaviors, although there was phenotypic variability. Combinatory deletions involving KCNJ3 and GPD2 may lead to more severe developmental delay. Further studies would be necessary to establish clearer genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with 2q23q24 microdeletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shimojima
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Reuter MS, Krumbiegel M, Schlüter G, Ekici AB, Reis A, Zweier C. Haploinsufficiency of NR4A2 is associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype with prominent language impairment. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2231-2234. [PMID: 28544326 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-recurrent deletions in 2q24.1, minimally overlapping two genes, NR4A2 and GPD2, were recently described in individuals with language impairment and behavioral and cognitive symptoms. We herewith report on a female patient with a similar phenotype of severe language and mild cognitive impairment, in whom we identified a de novo deletion covering only NR4A2. NR4A2 encodes a transcription factor highly expressed in brain regions critical for speech and language and implicated in dopaminergic neuronal development. Our findings of a de novo deletion of NR4A2 in an individual with mild intellectual disability and prominent speech and language impairment provides further evidence for NR4A2 haploinsufficiency being causative for neurodevelopmental and particularly language phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Reuter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mandy Krumbiegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Schlüter
- MVZ Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Genetics, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Leppa VM, Kravitz SN, Martin CL, Andrieux J, Le Caignec C, Martin-Coignard D, DyBuncio C, Sanders SJ, Lowe JK, Cantor RM, Geschwind DH. Rare Inherited and De Novo CNVs Reveal Complex Contributions to ASD Risk in Multiplex Families. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:540-554. [PMID: 27569545 PMCID: PMC5011063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare mutations, including copy-number variants (CNVs), contribute significantly to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. Although their importance has been established in families with only one affected child (simplex families), the contribution of both de novo and inherited CNVs to ASD in families with multiple affected individuals (multiplex families) is less well understood. We analyzed 1,532 families from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) to assess the impact of de novo and rare CNVs on ASD risk in multiplex families. We observed a higher burden of large, rare CNVs, including inherited events, in individuals with ASD than in their unaffected siblings (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7), but the rate of de novo events was significantly lower than in simplex families. In previously characterized ASD risk loci, we identified 49 CNVs, comprising 24 inherited events, 19 de novo events, and 6 events of unknown inheritance, a significant enrichment in affected versus control individuals (OR = 3.3). In 21 of the 30 families (71%) in whom at least one affected sibling harbored an established ASD major risk CNV, including five families harboring inherited CNVs, the CNV was not shared by all affected siblings, indicating that other risk factors are contributing. We also identified a rare risk locus for ASD and language delay at chromosomal region 2q24 (implicating NR4A2) and another lower-penetrance locus involving inherited deletions and duplications of WWOX. The genetic architecture in multiplex families differs from that in simplex families and is complex, warranting more complete genetic characterization of larger multiplex ASD cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi M Leppa
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephanie N Kravitz
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christa Lese Martin
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Lewisburg, PA 18704, USA
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille 59037, France
| | - Cedric Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Medicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, 9 Quai Moncousu, Nantes 44093, France; Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, INSERM UMR-957, Nantes 44000, France
| | | | - Christina DyBuncio
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer K Lowe
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rita M Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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12
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Malbin J, Fallah MS, Sharifi Z, Shafaei M, Bagherian H, Mostafaei TP, Aliev R, Zainal S. Cryptic de novo deletion at 2q23.3-q24.1 in a patient with intellectual disability. J Genet 2016; 95:441-5. [PMID: 27350689 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh Malbin
- Azerbaijan National Academy of Science (ANAS), Genetic Resources Institute, Baku AZ1005, Azerbaijan.
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13
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Hajnóczky G, Booth D, Csordás G, Debattisti V, Golenár T, Naghdi S, Niknejad N, Paillard M, Seifert EL, Weaver D. Reliance of ER-mitochondrial calcium signaling on mitochondrial EF-hand Ca2+ binding proteins: Miros, MICUs, LETM1 and solute carriers. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 29:133-41. [PMID: 24999559 PMCID: PMC4381426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are functionally distinct with regard to membrane protein biogenesis and oxidative energy production, respectively, but cooperate in several essential cell functions, including lipid biosynthesis, cell signaling and organelle dynamics. The interorganellar cooperation requires local communication that can occur at the strategically positioned and dynamic associations between ER and mitochondria. Calcium is locally transferred from ER to mitochondria at the associations and exerts regulatory effects on numerous proteins. A common Ca(2+) sensing mechanism is the EF-hand Ca(2+) binding domain, many of which can be found in proteins of the mitochondria, including Miro1&2, MICU1,2&3, LETM1 and mitochondrial solute carriers. Recently, these proteins have triggered much interest and were described in reports with diverging conclusions. The present essay focuses on their shared features and established specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - David Booth
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - György Csordás
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Valentina Debattisti
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Tünde Golenár
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Shamim Naghdi
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Nima Niknejad
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Melanie Paillard
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Erin L Seifert
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - David Weaver
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
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Hunter AGW, Graham JM, Neri G, Rogers RC, Stevenson RE, Turner G, Friez MJ. The intellectual disabilities evaluation and advice system (IDEAS): outcome of the first 55 cases. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:1102-17. [PMID: 24665081 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IDEAS (intellectual disabilities evaluation and advice system) provides the opportunity for physicians who are sending samples for the Greenwood Genetic Center (GGC) 92-gene X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) (formerly X-linked mental retardation) panel to have their male patient's clinical features reviewed by an experienced panel of six Clinical Geneticists. They were asked to obtain parental consent, complete a one-page information form, and provide A-P and lateral photographs. The panel members independently reviewed the material and forwarded comments about clinical features, possible diagnoses, and/or further testing for the patient. We present the results of the first 55 patients evaluated. In only a single case did all panelists agree on a non-XLID diagnosis, later proven by genetic testing. The XLID gene panel diagnosed an additional five (9%) cases, but in only two cases did one panelist suggest the correct gene, which was one of four they suggested. This paper examines the possible reasons for the low rate of clinical diagnosis and suggests that, while the data received were often incomplete, the most important reasons for lack of diagnoses were the source of referral and selection of patients for review. We did note that there were a number of instances where we disagreed with the submitted information as to whether the individual was dysmorphic and with the stated presence of certain physical signs, most often downslanted palpebrae and posterior ear angulation. These differences in assessment of clinical signs and the general lack of completeness and detail provided in the standard data sheet, including that regarding the extended family history, lead us to raise concerns regarding the feasibility of establishing high quality central clinical databases designed to aid in the interpretation of exomic/genomic variants.
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Mitochondrial FAD-linked Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase: A Target for Cancer Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:192-206. [PMID: 24521925 PMCID: PMC3942692 DOI: 10.3390/ph7020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in cellular redox state are frequently observed in cancer cells, and contribute significantly to cancer progression and apoptotic resistance. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is produced in excess within cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate-dependent (GPD2) ROS production in PC-3 cells and demonstrated the importance of excessive H2O2 production on their survival. By exploiting the abnormal H2O2 production of PC-3 cells, we initiated a high-throughput screening of the Canadian Compound Collection, composed of 29,586 small molecules, targeting the glycerophosphate-dependent H2O2 formation in PC-3 cells. Eighteen compounds were identified to have significant inhibitory activity. These compounds have not been previously characterized as inhibitors of the enzyme. Six of these compounds were further analyzed in PC-3 cells and dose response studies displayed an inhibitory and anti-oxidative potency that ranged from 1 µM to 30 µM. The results presented here demonstrate that inhibitors of mitochondrial GPD2 activity elicit anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.
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