1
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Lei Z, He‐Lin Z, Hai‐Yan W, Wei J, Ru W, Zhi‐Li C, Qian‐Feng W. Retinitis pigmentosa with iris coloboma due to miR-204 gene variant in a Chinese family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2481. [PMID: 38867642 PMCID: PMC11169764 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the phenotype and genotype of a Chinese family with autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP) accompanied by iris coloboma. METHODS The proband, a 34-year-old male, was examined with his family by using fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), autofluorescence, and full-field electroretinography (ffERG). Genetic analyses were conducted through whole-exome sequencing (WES) to screen for variations. RESULTS Three members of this Chinese family were shown to be bilateral iris coloboma. The male proband and his mother exhibited typical RP feature. The proband's late grandfather had been documented manifestation of iris coloboma. The mode of inheritance was confirmed to be autosomal dominance. Through linkage analysis and WES, a heterozygous variation in the miR-204 gene (n.37C>T), a noncoding RNA gene, was identified in these three members. CONCLUSIONS In this third independent and the first Asian family, the existence of a miR-204 variant associated with RP accompanied by iris coloboma was confirmed. Our findings reinforce the significance of miR-204 as an important factor influencing visual function in the retina. When phenotypes like RP accompanied by iris coloboma in an autosomal-dominant pattern, including in Chinese patients, miR-204 aberrations should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic ImagingShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zhu He‐Lin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic ImagingShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Wang Hai‐Yan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic ImagingShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jia Wei
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic ImagingShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Wang Ru
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic ImagingShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Cui Zhi‐Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Technology of Ophthalmologic ImagingShaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Wang Qian‐Feng
- Medical College of Optometry and OphthalmologyShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanShandongChina
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2
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An HNRNPK-specific DNA methylation signature makes sense of missense variants and expands the phenotypic spectrum of Au-Kline syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1867-1884. [PMID: 36130591 PMCID: PMC9606382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Au-Kline syndrome (AKS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with multiple malformations and a characteristic facial gestalt. The first individuals ascertained carried de novo loss-of-function (LoF) variants in HNRNPK. Here, we report 32 individuals with AKS (26 previously unpublished), including 13 with de novo missense variants. We propose new clinical diagnostic criteria for AKS that differentiate it from the clinically overlapping Kabuki syndrome and describe a significant phenotypic expansion to include individuals with missense variants who present with subtle facial features and few or no malformations. Many gene-specific DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures have been identified for neurodevelopmental syndromes. Because HNRNPK has roles in chromatin and epigenetic regulation, we hypothesized that pathogenic variants in HNRNPK may be associated with a specific DNAm signature. Here, we report a unique DNAm signature for AKS due to LoF HNRNPK variants, distinct from controls and Kabuki syndrome. This DNAm signature is also identified in some individuals with de novo HNRNPK missense variants, confirming their pathogenicity and the phenotypic expansion of AKS to include more subtle phenotypes. Furthermore, we report that some individuals with missense variants have an "intermediate" DNAm signature that parallels their milder clinical presentation, suggesting the presence of an epi-genotype phenotype correlation. In summary, the AKS DNAm signature may help elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of AKS. This DNAm signature also effectively supported clinical syndrome delineation and is a valuable aid for variant interpretation in individuals where a clinical diagnosis of AKS is unclear, particularly for mild presentations.
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3
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Wang Z, Qiu H, He J, Liu L, Xue W, Fox A, Tickner J, Xu J. The emerging roles of hnRNPK. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1995-2008. [PMID: 31538344 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an DNA/RNA-binding protein and regulates a wide range of biological processes and disease pathogenesis. It contains 3 K-homologous (KH) domains, which are conserved in other RNA-binding proteins, mediate nucleic acid binding activity, and function as an enhancer or repressor of gene transcription. Phosphorylation of the protein alters its regulatory function, which also enables the protein to serve as a docking platform for the signal transduction proteins. In terms of the function of hnRNPK, it is central to many cellular events, including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulation, cancer development and bone homoeostasis. Many studies have identified hnRNPK as an oncogene, where it is overexpressed in cancer tissues compared with the nonneoplastic tissues and its expression level is related to the prognosis of different types of host malignancies. However, hnRNPK has also been identified as a tumour suppressor, as it is important for the activation of the p53/p21 pathway. Recently, the protein is also found to be exclusively related to the regulation of paraspeckles and lncRNAs such as Neat1, Lncenc1 and Xist. Interestingly, hnRNPK has been found to associate with the Kabuki-like syndrome and Au-Kline syndrome with prominent skeletal abnormalities. In vitro study revealed that the hnRNPK protein is essential for the formation of osteoclast, in line with its importance in the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heng Qiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jianbo He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Langxia Liu
- Key laboratory of functional protein research of Guangdong higher education institutes, Institute of life and health engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Archa Fox
- School of Human Sciences and Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Keselman D, Singh R, Cohen N, Fefer Z. De Novo Interstitial Deletion of 9q in a Pediatric Patient With Global Developmental Delay. Child Neurol Open 2019; 6:2329048X19844920. [PMID: 31106228 PMCID: PMC6506918 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x19844920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenomic microarray (CMA) methodologies, including array comparative genomic
hybridization (aCGH) and single-nucleotide polymorphism-detecting arrays (SNP-array), are
recommended as the first-tier test for the evaluation of imbalances associated with
intellectual disability, autism, and multiple congenital anomalies. The authors report on
a child with global developmental delay (GDD) and a de novo interstitial
7.0 Mb deletion of 9q21.33q22.31 detected by aCGH. The patient that the authors report
here is noteworthy in that she presented with GDD and her interstitial deletion is not
inclusive of the 9q22.32 locus that includes the PTCH1 gene, which is
implicated in Gorlin syndrome, or basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), has not been
previously reported among patients with a similar or smaller size of the deletion in this
locus suggesting that the genomic contents in the identified deletion on 9q21.33q22.31 is
critical for the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Keselman
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Ram Singh
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai Venture, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Division of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health Laboratories, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Zipora Fefer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cohen Children's Medical Center at Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell
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5
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Okamoto N. Okamoto syndrome has features overlapping with Au-Kline syndrome and is caused by HNRNPK mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:822-826. [PMID: 30793470 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Okamoto syndrome is characterized by severe intellectual disability, generalized hypotonia, stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction with hydronephrosis, cardiac anomalies, and characteristic facial gestalt. Several patients have been reported. The basic mechanism of Okamoto syndrome has not been clarified. Au-Kline syndrome is a new syndrome due to loss-of-function variants in the HNRNPK (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) gene. A new patient with Okamoto syndrome visited our hospital. We noticed that the patient had features overlapping with Au-Kline syndrome. We studied the HNRNPK gene by Sanger sequencing, and identified a novel splicing variant. We suggest that Okamoto syndrome is identical to Au-Kline syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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6
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Abstract
In 1993, Jabs et al. were the first to describe a genetic origin of craniosynostosis. Since this discovery, the genetic causes of the most common syndromes have been described. In 2015, a total of 57 human genes were reported for which there had been evidence that mutations were causally related to craniosynostosis. Facilitated by rapid technological developments, many others have been identified since then. Reviewing the literature, we characterize the most common craniosynostosis syndromes followed by a description of the novel causes that were identified between January 2015 and December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A C Goos
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M J Mathijssen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Au PYB, Goedhart C, Ferguson M, Breckpot J, Devriendt K, Wierenga K, Fanning E, Grange DK, Graham GE, Galarreta C, Jones MC, Kini U, Stewart H, Parboosingh JS, Kline AD, Innes AM. Phenotypic spectrum of Au-Kline syndrome: a report of six new cases and review of the literature. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1272-1281. [PMID: 29904177 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Au-Kline syndrome (AKS, OMIM 616580) is a multiple malformation syndrome, first reported in 2015, associated with intellectual disability. AKS has been associated with de novo loss-of-function variants in HNRNPK (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K), and to date, only four of these patients have been described in the literature. Recently, an additional patient with a missense variant in HNRNPK was also reported. These patients have striking facial dysmorphic features, including long palpebral fissures, ptosis, deeply grooved tongue, broad nose, and down-turned mouth. Patients frequently also have skeletal and connective tissue anomalies, craniosynostosis, congenital heart malformations, and renal anomalies. In this report, we describe six new patients and review the clinical information on all reported AKS patients, further delineating the phenotype of AKS. There are now a total of 9 patients with de novo loss-of-function variants in HNRNPK, one individual with a de novo missense variant in addition to 3 patients with de novo deletions of 9q21.32 that encompass HNRNPK. While there is considerable overlap between AKS and Kabuki syndrome (KS), these additional patients demonstrate that AKS does have a distinct facial gestalt and phenotype that can be differentiated from KS. This growing AKS patient cohort also informs an emerging approach to management and health surveillance for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Caitlin Goedhart
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcia Ferguson
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Klaas Wierenga
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fanning
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gail E Graham
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Galarreta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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8
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Dentici ML, Barresi S, Niceta M, Pantaleoni F, Pizzi S, Dallapiccola B, Tartaglia M, Digilio MC. Clinical spectrum of Kabuki-like syndrome caused by HNRNPK haploinsufficiency. Clin Genet 2017; 93:401-407. [PMID: 28374925 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by postnatal growth retardation, skeletal abnormalities, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms and a variable range of organ malformations. In ~30% of affected individuals, the underlying genetic defect remains unknown. A small number of inactivating heterozygous HNRNPK mutations has recently been reported to be associated with a condition partially overlapping or suggestive of Kabuki syndrome. Here, we report on an 11-year-old girl with a complex phenotype in whom the diagnosis of KS was suggested but molecular testing for the known causative disease genes was negative. Whole-exome sequencing identified a previously undescribed de novo truncating mutation in HNRNPK as the molecular defect underlying the trait. Analysis of available records of patients with HNRNPK haploinsufficiency was performed to delineate the associated clinical phenotype and outline their distinguishing features in comparison with the KS clinical spectrum. The clinical profile associated with inactivating HNRNPK mutations supports the idea that the associated disorder should be considered as a distinct nosologic entity clinically related to KS, and that the condition should be considered in differential diagnosis with KS, in particular in subjects exhibiting brain malformation (nodular heterotopia), craniosynostosis, and polydactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Dentici
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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9
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Zhang Q, Wang T, Wang D, Liu J, Yu W, Liu X, Xiang X, Dong K, You F, Zhang G, Ju J, Zhu M, Duan W, Qiao B. Somatic copy number losses on chromosome 9q21.33q22.33 encompassing the PTCH1 loci associated with cardiac fibroma. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:615-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Au PYB, You J, Caluseriu O, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Bernier FP, Ferguson M, Valle D, Parboosingh JS, Sobreira N, Innes AM, Kline AD. GeneMatcher aids in the identification of a new malformation syndrome with intellectual disability, unique facial dysmorphisms, and skeletal and connective tissue abnormalities caused by de novo variants in HNRNPK. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1009-1014. [PMID: 26173930 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a new syndrome due to loss-of-function variants in the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K gene (HNRNPK). We describe two probands: one with a de novo frameshift (NM_002140.3: c.953+1dup), and the other with a de novo splice donor site variant (NM_002140.3: c.257G>A). Both probands have intellectual disability, a shared unique craniofacial phenotype, and connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. The identification of this syndrome was made possible by a new online tool, GeneMatcher, which facilitates connections between clinicians and researchers based on shared interest in candidate genes. This report demonstrates that new Web-based approaches can be effective in helping investigators solve exome sequencing projects, and also highlights the newer paradigm of "reverse phenotyping," where characterization of syndromic features follows the identification of genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jing You
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oana Caluseriu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois P Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcia Ferguson
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Center for Inherited Disease Research, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jillian S Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital, Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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11
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MiR-204 is responsible for inherited retinal dystrophy associated with ocular coloboma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3236-45. [PMID: 26056285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401464112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular developmental disorders, including the group classified as microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC) and inherited retinal dystrophies, collectively represent leading causes of hereditary blindness. Characterized by extreme genetic and clinical heterogeneity, the separate groups share many common genetic causes, in particular relating to pathways controlling retinal and retinal pigment epithelial maintenance. To understand these shared pathways and delineate the overlap between these groups, we investigated the genetic cause of an autosomal dominantly inherited condition of retinal dystrophy and bilateral coloboma, present in varying degrees in a large, five-generation family. By linkage analysis and exome sequencing, we identified a previously undescribed heterozygous mutation, n.37 C > T, in the seed region of microRNA-204 (miR-204), which segregates with the disease in all affected individuals. We demonstrated that this mutation determines significant alterations of miR-204 targeting capabilities via in vitro assays, including transcriptome analysis. In vivo injection, in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), of the mutated miR-204 caused a phenotype consistent with that observed in the family, including photoreceptor alterations with reduced numbers of both cones and rods as a result of increased apoptosis, thereby confirming the pathogenic effect of the n.37 C > T mutation. Finally, knockdown assays in medaka fish demonstrated that miR-204 is necessary for normal photoreceptor function. Overall, these data highlight the importance of miR-204 in the regulation of ocular development and maintenance and provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, of its contribution to eye disease, likely through a gain-of-function mechanism.
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12
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Hancarova M, Puchmajerova A, Drabova J, Karaskova E, Vlckova M, Sedlacek Z. Deletions of 9q21.3 including NTRK2 are associated with severe phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 167A:264-7. [PMID: 25348648 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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