Acid Activation and Chemical Oxidation in the Synthesis ofmeso‐Tetraphenylporphyrin using a Mixed‐Solvent System

Main Strategies for the Synthesis of meso-Arylporphyrins

meso-Arylporphyrins as most accessible tetrapyrrole macroheterocycles have always been the focus of attention from researchers concerned with practically useful properties of these compounds. The first syn­theses of meso-arylporphyrins date back to about 90 years ago. Up to now, the yields of these compounds have been improved from 5 to 80%. The present review analyzes different ways and strategies for the synthesis of meso-aryl-substituted porphyrins. The most efficient methods that can be scaled up to an industrial level have been identified.

Performance of nitrobenzene and its intermediate aniline removal by constructed wetlands coupled with the micro-electric field

The degradation of nitrobenzene and its intermediate aniline from wastewater by constructed wetlands coupled with the micro-electric field (CW-MEF) technology was studied. The results showed that the CW-MEF system had good degradation. With the increase of influent concentration of nitrobenzene, the removal rate of the anode was excellent which remained above 86%, but the degradation of CW-MEF for COD decreased. In different stages, the power generation capacity was different. In the second stage, the power generation voltage reached 430 V and the average power density was 85.07 MW m^-3, while the maximum reached 87.47 MW m^-3. Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, the A1 sludge layer contained 36% of thick-walled bacteria and 20% of bacteroides, the A2 contained about 20% of campylobacter green, and the A3 contained 10% of green campylobacter, pachyphyte and bacteroides.

An Efficient and Robust Method for Selective Conversion of Aniline to Azobenzene Using nano-TiO2 -P25-SO3 H, under Visible Light Irradiation

Nano-TiO₂ -P25-SO₃ H as our previous report has successfully been utilized to synthesize azobenzene through the selective conversion of aniline under visible light irradiation. According to PL emission spectra, the immobilizing a solid Brønsted acid of -SO₃ H groups on the pure-TiO₂ -P25 surface with a close interface is an approach to amplify the nano-TiO₂ -P25 response to visible light, which can productively hinder the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes as carriers. Therefore, the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor is highly likely to increase. Photooxidation of aniline to azobenzene was achieved by applying nano-TiO₂ -P25-SO₃ H (E_g  = 2.6 eV) that activated by blue photons (λ_max  = 460 nm), green photons (λ_max  = 510 nm) and red photons (λ_max  = 630 nm) which is introducing as a sustainable procedure. Central composite design (CCD) was employed for evaluating the effects of photocatalyst amount, oxidant concentration and irradiation time on the synthesis of azobenzene by this approach. Easily synthesizing, recyclability of the photocatalyst, mild reaction condition and short reaction time could be considered as plus points of this process.