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Mitsiou VPM, Antonaki AMN, Douka MD, Litinas KE. An Overview on the Synthesis of Lamellarins and Related Compounds with Biological Interest. Molecules 2024; 29:4032. [PMID: 39274880 PMCID: PMC11396623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamellarins are natural products with a [3,4]-fused pyrrolocoumarin skeleton possessing interesting biological properties. More than 70 members have been isolated from diverse marine organisms, such as sponges, ascidians, mollusks, and tunicates. There is a continuous interest in the synthesis of these compounds. In this review, the synthetic strategies for the synthesis of the title compounds are presented along with their biological properties. Three routes are followed for the synthesis of lamellarins. Initially, pyrrole derivatives are the starting or intermediate compounds, and then they are fused to isoquinoline or a coumarin moiety. Second, isoquinoline is the starting compound fused to an indole moiety. In the last route, coumarins are the starting compounds, which are fused to a pyrrole moiety and an isoquinoline scaffold. The synthesis of isolamellarins, azacoumestans, isoazacoumestans, and analogues is also described. The above synthesis is achieved via metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, [3 + 2] cycloaddition, substitution, and lactonization reactions. The title compounds exhibit cytotoxic, multidrug resistance (MDR), topoisomerase I-targeted antitumor, anti-HIV, antiproliferative, anti-neurodegenerative disease, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki-Panagiota M Mitsiou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia-Maria N Antonaki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Matina D Douka
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos E Litinas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Osipov DV, Demidov MR, Artemenko AA, Rashchepkina DA, Krasnikov PE, Osyanin VA. Cascade Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2- a]quinolines and Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines via Formal [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Push-Pull Nitro Heterocycles with Carbonyl-Stabilized Quinolinium/Isoquinolinium Ylides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9816-9829. [PMID: 38917339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Various substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines and pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines were synthesized in good to high yields by the Et3N-mediated reaction of push-pull 3-nitrobenzofurans or 1-Ts-/1-Ms-3-nitroindoles and precursors of carbonyl-stabilized quinolinium and isoquinolinium ylides as 1,3-dipole equivalents. These transformations proceed in a one-pot manner starting with the formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition stage, which is accompanied by double dearomatization of both quinoline/isoquinoline and benzofuran/indole moieties, followed by ring-opening of cyclic intermediate formed and nitrous acid elimination sequence. [3 + 2]-Cycloadducts were isolated as the final products in cases of impossibility or difficulty of their enolization. The present protocol was successfully extended to 3-nitro-4H-chromene derivatives as push-pull dipolarophile component. Finally, using the method of competing reactions, the reactivity of the starting compounds was compared with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Osipov
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim R Demidov
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Alina A Artemenko
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Daria A Rashchepkina
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel E Krasnikov
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaly A Osyanin
- Samara State Technical University, 244 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara 443100, Russian Federation
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Tang Q, Liu Y, Fei B, Tao Q, Wang C, Jiang X, He X, Shang Y. Base-Mediated Cascade Lactonization/1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Pathway for the One-Pot Assembly of Coumarin-Functionalized Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8420-8434. [PMID: 38836769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
An elegant and highly concise strategy for the construction of coumarin-functionalized pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines from available propargylamines and isoquinolinium N-ylides has been disclosed. In this reaction, isoquinolinium N-ylides acted as a C2 synthon to form a coumarin ring as well as a 1,3-dipole to construct a pyrrole ring in a single pot. This cascade process involves 1,4-conjugate addition/lactonization/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to construct four chemical bonds (one C-O bond and three C-C bonds) and two new heterocyclic skeletons. Additionally, most of these compounds showed good fluorescence properties and exhibited high molar extinction coefficient and large Stokes shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Neuromedicine and Chemical Biology of Wannan Medical College and Anhui Normal University, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
- The Institutes of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - BinBin Fei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Tao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Neuromedicine and Chemical Biology of Wannan Medical College and Anhui Normal University, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
- The Institutes of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, P. R. China
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Vijayakumar A, Manod M, Krishna RB, Mathew A, Mohan C. Diversely functionalized isoquinolines and their core-embedded heterocyclic frameworks: a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2509-2534. [PMID: 38107174 PMCID: PMC10718595 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline-enrooted organic small-molecules represent a challenging molecular target in the organic synthesis arsenal attributed to their structural diversity and therapeutic importance. Into the bargain, isoquinolines are significant structural frameworks in modern medicinal chemistry and drug development. Consequently, synthetic organic and medicinal chemists have been intensely interested in efficient synthetic tactics for the sustainable construction of isoquinoline frameworks and their derivatives in enantiopure or racemic forms. This review accentuates an overview of the literature on the modern synthetic approaches exploited in synthesising isoquinolines and their core embedded heterocyclic skeletons from 2021 to 2022. In detail, the methodologies and inspected pharmacological studies for the array of diversely functionalized isoquinolines or their core-embedded heterocyclic/carbocyclic structures involving the introduction of substituents at C-1, C-3, and C-4 carbon and N-2 atom, bond constructions at the C1-N2 atom and C3-N2 atom, and structural scaffolding within isoquinoline compounds have been reviewed. This intensive study highlights the need for and relevance of relatively unexplored bioisosterism employing isoquinoline-based small-molecules in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijayakumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - M Manod
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - R Bharath Krishna
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - Abra Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678577 India
| | - Chithra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
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Nam S, Lee S, Kim W, Kim I. Divergent synthesis of two types of indolizines from pyridine-2-acetonitrile, (hetero)arylglyoxal, and TMSCN. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:3881-3895. [PMID: 37097478 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the divergent synthesis of two types of indolizines via construction of the pyrrole moiety from pyridine-2-acetonitriles, arylglyoxals, and TMSCN. While one-pot three-component coupling provided 2-aryl-3-aminoindolizines via an unusual fragmentation process, a sequential two-step assembly protocol with these starting materials allowed efficient access to a wide range of new 2-acyl-3-aminoindolizines through an aldol condensation-Michael addition-cycloisomerization process. The subsequent manipulation of 2-acyl-3-aminoindolizines enabled direct access to novel polycyclic N-fused heteroaromatic skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyeon Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunhee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ikyon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
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Cui HL, Chen XH. Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1- a]isoquinolines through Cu-Catalyzed Condensation/Addition/Oxidation/Cyclization Cascade. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15435-15447. [PMID: 36315447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a copper-catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines with terminal alkynes, aldehydes, and tetrahydroisoquinolines. A variety of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines have been prepared in 17-69% yield via a condensation/Mannich-type addition/oxidation/cyclization cascade sequence. Modifications through simple chemical transformations provided highly functionalized molecules containing a privileged framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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Silyanova EA, Samet AV, Semenov VV. A Two-Step Approach to a Hexacyclic Lamellarin Core via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Isoquinolinium Ylides to Nitrostilbenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6444-6453. [PMID: 35467869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of isoquinolinium ylides to nitrostilbenes provides an approach to 1,2-diarylpyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinium-3-carboxylates and then to a complete hexacyclic lamellarin core.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Silyanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A V Samet
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V V Semenov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines occur frequently in a large number of bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically important molecules. The synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives is an easy and useful way to produce artificial molecules with potential applications. A huge number of excellent methodologies for constructing pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines have been reported in the last decade. This review summarizes the recent advances in this research field covering from 2011 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, PR China.
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