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Milich KM. Male-philopatric nonhuman primates and their potential role in understanding the evolution of human sociality. Evol Anthropol 2024; 33:e22014. [PMID: 38109039 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In most primate species, males transfer out of their natal groups, resulting in groups of unrelated males. However, in a few species, including humans, males remain in their groups and form life-long associations with each other. This pattern of male philopatry is linked with cooperative male behaviors, including border patrols and predator defense. Because females in male-philopatric species form weaker kin networks with each other than in female-philopatric species, they are expected to evolve counter-strategies to male sexual coercion that are relatively independent of support from other females. Studies of male-philopatric nonhuman primates can provide insight into the evolutionary basis of prosocial behaviors, cooperation, and group action in humans and offer comparative models for understanding the sociality of other hominin species. This review will discuss patterns of dispersal and philopatry across primates, explore the resulting male and female behaviors, and argue that male-philopatric nonhuman primate species offer insight into the social and sexual dynamics of hominins throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Milich
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Lecompte E, Bouanani MA, de Thoisy B, Crouau-Roy B. How do rivers, geographic distance, and dispersal behavior influence genetic structure in two sympatric New World monkeys? Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 28346698 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal, one of the major factors affecting the gene flow between populations, shapes the spatial distribution of genetic diversity within species. Alouatta macconnelli and Saguinus midas are two Neotropical monkey species that sympatrically inhabit the Guiana shield in northern Amazonia and are likely to differ in their dispersal behavior and vagility. We took advantage of their sympatry to investigate, over a fine geographical scale (∼50 km long), the relationship between spatial genetic structure, on the one hand, and geographical features and the species' dispersal behavior on the other. A total of 84 A. macconnelli individuals from 25 social units and 76 S. midas individuals from 19 social units were genotyped for nine microsatellite markers. Both species displayed high genetic diversity and allelic richness. However, patterns of genetic structure differed between the two species. In A. macconnelli, no genetic substructuring was observed, while in S. midas we detected significant structuring, but this structuring was not correlated with geographical features, such as the location of individuals relative to the river and/or the distance between them. Instead, the geographical distribution of genetic variation observed for each species is predominantly explained by each species' dispersal pattern. We identified bisexual dispersal for both species, but with significant differences, either in the distance or in the rate of dispersal, between species and sexes. Genetic relatedness within social units was higher in S. midas than in A. macconnelli: gene flow between social units seems limited in S. midas, especially for females, while high dispersal characterizes A. macconnelli, where females seem to disperse at lower rate but at a longer distance than males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lecompte
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohand-Ameziane Bouanani
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ENFA, Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît de Thoisy
- Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 23 Avenue Pasteur, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Brigitte Crouau-Roy
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, ENFA, Toulouse, France
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Wang W, Yao M. Fine-scale genetic structure analyses reveal dispersal patterns in a critically endangered primate, Trachypithecus leucocephalus. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 28100010 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a critically important life history trait of social organisms that has a major impact on the population genetic structure and social relationships within groups. Primates exhibit highly diversified dispersal and philopatry patterns, but knowledge of these patterns is difficult to obtain and usually limited to observations of a small number of focal social groups or individuals. Here, we investigated the dispersal pattern of a critically endangered colobine monkey, the white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus), using molecular approaches, and sex-specific population genetic structure analyses at fine geographical scales. We non-invasively collected 403 fecal samples from 41 social groups across 90% of the langur's range in Fusui (FS) and Chongzuo (CZ) in southwestern Guangxi Province, China. We identified 214 unique individuals from the samples by genotyping 15 polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci, a sex-specific marker, and sequencing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region I (HVRI). We found higher intragroup than intergroup genetic relatedness in males and females in both populations. A significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance, that is a pattern of isolation-by-distance, was detected in females from the FS population, but not in males. Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed high within-group relatedness in both sexes and populations, as well as an additional positive correlation at the 0.5-km distance class in females from the FS population. Furthermore, we inferred first-generation migrants using genetic assignment tests. Our results suggest that male T. leucocephalus disperse at random distances within habitat areas, whereas dispersal of females may mainly occur among adjacent groups near their home site. Our study provides the first genetic evidence for sex-biased dispersal in T. leucocephalus, which has important management and conservation implications for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Day School, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Lynch Alfaro JW, Boubli JP, Paim FP, Ribas CC, Silva MNFD, Messias MR, Röhe F, Mercês MP, Silva Júnior JS, Silva CR, Pinho GM, Koshkarian G, Nguyen MT, Harada ML, Rabelo RM, Queiroz HL, Alfaro ME, Farias IP. Biogeography of squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri): South-central Amazon origin and rapid pan-Amazonian diversification of a lowland primate. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 82 Pt B:436-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Martins MM, Nascimento ATA, Nali C, Velastin GO, Mangini PB, Valladares-Padua CB, Galetti PM. A test for sex-biased dispersal in the black-faced lion tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara): inferences from microsatellite markers. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2014.978660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Guerrini M, Gennai C, Panayides P, Crabtree A, Zuberogoitia I, Copland AS, Babushkina O, Politi PM, Giunchi D, Barbanera F. Large-scale patterns of genetic variation in a female-biased dispersing passerine: the importance of sex-based analyses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98574. [PMID: 24886720 PMCID: PMC4041750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal affects the distribution, dynamics and genetic structure of natural populations, and can be significantly different between sexes. However, literature records dealing with the dispersal of migratory birds are scarce, as migratory behaviour can notably complicate the study of dispersal. We used the barn swallow Hirundo rustica as model taxon to investigate patterns of genetic variability in males and in females of a migratory species showing sex-biased dispersal. We collected blood samples (n = 186) over the period 2006 to 2011 from adults (H. r. rustica subspecies) nesting in the same breeding site at either high (Ireland, Germany and Russia) or low (Spain, Italy and Cyprus) latitude across Europe. We amplified the Chromo Helicase DNA gene in all birds in order to warrant a sex-balanced sample size (92 males, 94 females). We investigated both uniparental (mitochondrial ND2 gene) and biparental (microsatellite DNA: 10 loci) genetic systems. The mtDNA provided evidence for demographic expansion yet no significant partition of the genetic variability was disclosed. Nevertheless, a comparatively distant Russian population investigated in another study, whose sequences were included in the present dataset, significantly diverged from all other ones. Different to previous studies, microsatellites highlighted remarkable genetic structure among the studied populations, and pointed to the occurrence of differences between male and female barn swallows. We produced evidence for non-random patterns of gene flow among barn swallow populations probably mediated by female natal dispersal, and we found significant variability in the philopatry of males of different populations. Our data emphasize the importance of taking into account the sex of sampled individuals in order to obtain reliable inferences on species characterized by different patterns of dispersal between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Guerrini
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clizia Gennai
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Babushkina
- Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Bird Protection, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Paolo M. Politi
- Orti-Bottagone Nature Reserve, World Wildlife Fund, Piombino, Italy
| | - Dimitri Giunchi
- Department of Biology, Ethology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Barbanera
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Montague MJ, Disotell TR, Di Fiore A. Population Genetics, Dispersal, and Kinship Among Wild Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus macrodon): Preferential Association Between Closely Related Females and Its Implications for Insect Prey Capture Success. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Minhós T, Nixon E, Sousa C, Vicente LM, da Silva MF, Sá R, Bruford MW. Genetic evidence for spatio-temporal changes in the dispersal patterns of two sympatric African colobine monkeys. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:464-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blair ME, Gutierrez-Espeleta GA, Melnick DJ. Subspecies of the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) as Units for Conservation. INT J PRIMATOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-012-9650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Blair ME, Melnick DJ. Scale-dependent effects of a heterogeneous landscape on genetic differentiation in the Central American squirrel monkey (Saimiri oerstedii). PLoS One 2012; 7:e43027. [PMID: 22905197 PMCID: PMC3419685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Landscape genetic studies offer a fine-scale understanding of how habitat heterogeneity influences population genetic structure. We examined population genetic structure and conducted a landscape genetic analysis for the endangered Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) that lives in the fragmented, human-modified habitats of the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica. We analyzed non-invasively collected fecal samples from 244 individuals from 14 groups for 16 microsatellite markers. We found two geographically separate genetic clusters in the Central Pacific region with evidence of recent gene flow among them. We also found significant differentiation among groups of S. o. citrinellus using pairwise FST comparisons. These groups are in fragments of secondary forest separated by unsuitable “matrix” habitats such as cattle pasture, commercial African oil palm plantations, and human residential areas. We used an individual-based landscape genetic approach to measure spatial patterns of genetic variance while taking into account landscape heterogeneity. We found that large, commercial oil palm plantations represent moderate barriers to gene flow between populations, but cattle pastures, rivers, and residential areas do not. However, the influence of oil palm plantations on genetic variance was diminished when we restricted analyses to within population pairs, suggesting that their effect is scale-dependent and manifests during longer dispersal events among populations. We show that when landscape genetic methods are applied rigorously and at the right scale, they are sensitive enough to track population processes even in species with long, overlapping generations such as primates. Thus landscape genetic approaches are extremely valuable for the conservation management of a diverse array of endangered species in heterogeneous, human-modified habitats. Our results also stress the importance of explicitly considering the heterogeneity of matrix habitats in landscape genetic studies, instead of assuming that all matrix habitats have a uniform effect on population genetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Blair
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.
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