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Almeida L, Colmonero-Costeira I, da Silva MJF, Veracini C, Vasconcelos R. Insights into the Geographical Origins of the Cabo Verde Green Monkey. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:504. [PMID: 38674438 PMCID: PMC11050204 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus, L. 1766, native to West Africa, was introduced to the Cabo Verde Archipelago in the 16th century. Historical sources suggest that, due to the importance of Cabo Verde as a commercial entrepôt in the Atlantic slave trade, establishing the precise place of origin of this introduced species is challenging. Non-invasive fecal samples were collected from feral and captive green monkey individuals in Cabo Verde. Two mitochondrial fragments, HVRI and cyt b, were used to confirm the taxonomic identification of the species and to tentatively determine the geographic origin of introduction to the archipelago from the African continent. By comparing the new sequences of this study to previously published ones, it was shown that Cabo Verde individuals have unique haplotypes in the HVRI, while also showing affinities to several populations from north-western coastal Africa in the cyt b, suggesting probable multiple sources of introduction and an undetermined most probable origin. The latter is consistent with historical information, but may also have resulted from solely using mtDNA as a genetic marker and the dispersal characteristics of the species. The limitations of the methodology are discussed and future directions of research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Almeida
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ivo Colmonero-Costeira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
- CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Ferreira da Silva
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Cecilia Veracini
- Centre of Public and Political Administration, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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2
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Kralick AE, O'Connell CA, Bastian ML, Hoke MK, Zemel BS, Schurr TG, Tocheri MW. Beyond Dimorphism: Body Size Variation Among Adult Orangutans Is Not Dichotomous by Sex. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:907-921. [PMID: 37061788 PMCID: PMC10563650 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among extant great apes, orangutans are considered the most sexually dimorphic in body size. However, the expression of sexual dimorphism in orangutans is more complex than simply males being larger than females. At sexual maturity, some male orangutans develop cheek pads (flanges), while other males remain unflanged even after becoming reproductively capable. Sometimes flange development is delayed in otherwise sexually mature males for a few years. In other cases, flange development is delayed for many years or decades, with some males even spending their entire lifespan as unflanged adults. Thus, unflanged males of various chronological ages can be mistakenly identified as "subadults." Unflanged adult males are typically described as "female-sized," but this may simply reflect the fact that unflanged male body size has only ever been measured in peri-pubescent individuals. In this study, we measured the skeletons of 111 wild adult orangutans (Pongo spp.), including 20 unflanged males, 45 flanged males, and 46 females, resulting in the largest skeletal sample of unflanged males yet studied. We assessed long bone lengths (as a proxy for stature) for all 111 individuals and recorded weights-at-death, femoral head diameters, bi-iliac breadths, and long bone cross-sectional areas (CSA) (as proxies for mass) for 27 of these individuals, including seven flanged males, three adult confirmed-unflanged males, and three young adult likely-unflanged males. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests with Tukey and Dunn post-hoc pairwise comparisons, respectively, showed that body sizes for young adult unflanged males are similar to those of the adult females in the sample (all P ≥ 0.09 except bi-iliac breadth), whereas body sizes for adult unflanged males ranged between those of adult flanged males and adult females for several measurements (all P < 0.001). Thus, sexually mature male orangutans exhibit body sizes that range from the female end of the spectrum to the flanged male end of the spectrum. These results exemplify that the term "sexual dimorphism" fails to capture the full range of variation in adult orangutan body size. By including adult unflanged males in analyses of body size and other aspects of morphology, not as aberrations but as an expected part of orangutan variation, we may begin to shift the way that we think about features typically considered dichotomous according to biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Kralick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin A O'Connell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Meredith L Bastian
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Morgan K Hoke
- Department of Anthropology & Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- , Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew W Tocheri
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
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3
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Chaves PB, Strier KB, Di Fiore A. Paternity data reveal high MHC diversity among sires in a polygynandrous, egalitarian primate. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231035. [PMID: 37528707 PMCID: PMC10394425 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from human and nonhuman primates suggests that females avoid breeding with close kin and may choose mates based on MHC diversity, which can improve offspring survival. In despotic societies, female mate choice may be hindered by male sexual coercion, but in egalitarian societies, females may be less constrained. Among northern muriquis-an egalitarian, polygynandrous primate with male philopatry-analyses of new data on paternity and variation at microsatellite and MHC loci, combined with behavioural and life-history data, revealed that sires showed higher MHC diversity than expected by chance and were never close kin of dams, consistent with predictions of female mate choice and close inbreeding avoidance. However, females did not differentially reproduce with males who were more distantly related to them or more dissimilar at the MHC than expected by chance, nor with those who had more MHC alleles distinct from their own. The lack of male dominance may permit females to identify and reproduce preferentially with non-offspring males and with males who are more diverse at the MHC. Nonetheless, the absence of disassortative mating at the MHC and neutral loci suggests that female mate choice may be limited by other factors impacting male fertilization success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo B. Chaves
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Anthropology and the Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology and the Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Tiputini Biodiversity Station, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
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4
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Oelze VM, O'Neal I, Wittig RM, Kupczik K, Schulz-Kornas E, Hohmann G. A skew in poo: Biases in primate fecal isotope analysis and recommendations for standardized sample preparation. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23436. [PMID: 36239010 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Feces are a treasure trove in the study of animal behavior and ecology. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis allows to assess the dietary niches of elusive primate species and primate breastfeeding behavior. However, some fecal isotope data may unwillingly be biased toward the isotope ratios of undigested plant matter, requiring more consistent sample preparation protocols. We assess the impact of this potential data skew in 114 fecal samples of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) by measuring the isotope differences (Δ13 C, Δ15 N) between bulk fecal samples containing larger particles (>1 mm) and filtered samples containing only small particles (<1 mm). We assess the influence of fecal carbon and nitrogen content (ΔC:N) and sample donor age (subadult, adult) on the resulting Δ13 C, Δ15 N values (n = 228). Additionally, we measure the isotope ratios in three systematically sieved fecal samples of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), with particle sizes ranging from 20 μm to 8 mm (n = 30). We found differences in fecal carbon and nitrogen content, with the smaller fecal fraction containing more nitrogen on average. While the Δ13 C values were small and not affected by age or ΔC:N, the Δ15 N values were significantly influenced by fecal ΔC:N, possibly resulting from the differing proportions of undigested plant macroparticles. Significant relationships between carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13 C) values and %C in large fecal fractions of both age groups corroborated this assessment. Δ15 N values were significantly larger in adults than subadults, which should be of concern in isotope studies comparing adult females with infants to assess breastfeeding. We found a random variation of up to 3.0‰ in δ13 C and 2.0‰ in nitrogen stable isotope ratios within the chimpanzee fecal samples separated by particle sizes. We show that particle size influences isotope ratios and propose a simple, cost-effective filtration method for primate feces to exclude larger undigested food particles from the analysis, which can easily be adopted by labs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky M Oelze
- Anthropology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Isabella O'Neal
- Anthropology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roman M Wittig
- Department of Human Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Cognitive Sciences, CNRS UMR5229 University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Kornelius Kupczik
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Human Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Dias PAD, Coyohua-Fuentes A, Chavira-Ramírez DR, Canales-Espinosa D, Rangel-Negrín A. Correlates of hormonal modulation in mantled howler monkey males, Alouatta palliata. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 178:17-28. [PMID: 36787731 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study of hormone modulation may offer important insight into the responses of individuals to environmental challenges. Here we studied C-peptide, thyroid hormone (T3), glucocorticoid (GC), and testosterone (T) metabolites of mantled howler males to assess: 1) correlations among hormones; 2) individual and temporal variation in hormone concentrations; and 3) the influence of ecological, climatic, behavioral, social, and reproductive factors on hormone variation. METHODS We studied 10 adult males at La Flor de Catemaco (Mexico) from January 2012 to December 2016. We collected information on food availability; ambient temperature; time budgets; male involvement in mating, agonistic interactions, and interactions with extragroup males. We analyzed C-peptide concentrations in urine samples and T3, GC, and T in fecal samples. RESULTS C-peptide was negatively correlated with other hormones, whereas T3, GC, and T were positively related. Hormonal variation was unrelated to individual or yearly differences. Food availability was positively related to C-peptide and T3, and negatively related to GC. Involvement in mating was positively related to T3 and T, whereas the rate agonistic interactions was positively related to GC and T. The rate of interactions with extragroup males was positively related to T. When males mated, the increase in C-peptide and the decrease in GC with increasing food availability were less notable. CONCLUSIONS Hormonal variation in mantled howler monkey males is generally stable, but it is influenced by several factors. Our results offer a broad picture of the hormonal modulation of mantled howler monkey males in response to diverse challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Américo D Dias
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - David Roberto Chavira-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Domingo Canales-Espinosa
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Rangel-Negrín
- Primate Behavioral Ecology Lab, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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6
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Van Belle S, Di Fiore A. Dispersal patterns in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra): Integrating multiyear demographic and molecular data. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:391-406. [PMID: 34661321 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in the functioning of animal societies as it regulates the degree to which closely related individuals are spatially concentrated. A species' dispersal pattern can be complex as it emerges from individuals' decisions shaped by the cost-benefit tradeoffs associated with either remaining in the natal group or dispersing. Given the potential complexity, combining long-term demographic information with molecular data can provide important insights into dispersal patterns of a species. Based on a 15-year study that integrates multiyear demographic data on six groups with longitudinal and cross-sectional genetic sampling of 20 groups (N = 169 individuals, N = 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci), we describe the various dispersal strategies of male and female black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) inhabiting Palenque National Park, Mexico. Genetically confirmed dispersal events (N = 21 of 59 males; N = 6 of 65 females) together with spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed that the dispersal pattern of black howlers is bisexual with strong sex-biases in both dispersal rate (males disperse more often than females) and dispersal distance (females disperse farther than males). Observational and genetic data confirm that both males and females can successfully immigrate into established groups, as well as form new groups with other dispersing individuals. Additionally, both males and females may disperse singly, as well as in pairs, and both may also disperse secondarily. Overall, our findings suggest multiple dispersal trajectories for black howler males and females, and longer multiyear studies are needed to unravel which demographic, ecological and social factors underlie individuals' decisions about whether to disperse and which dispersal options to take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarie Van Belle
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Tiputini Biodiversity Station, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Cumbayá, Ecuador
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7
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Zhang Q, Sun L, Xia D, Li J. Female behavioral strategies during consortship in Tibetan macaques ( Macaca thibetana). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9665-9675. [PMID: 34306652 PMCID: PMC8293731 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Consortship has been defined as a temporary association between an adult male and an estrous/receptive female. It has been considered as male mating strategies to improve male mating success and potential reproductive success. However, the female roles have been more or less neglected, and thus, less is known about female behavioral strategies during the consortship periods. In this study, during the two consecutive mating seasons, we collected behavioral data of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) habituated in Mt. Huangshan, China, to investigate female behaviors when she was consorted by an adult male. The results showed that (a) females were more likely to approach and exhibit sexual solicitation to their consorting males during the consorted period, and females also exhibited less approach to their nonconsorting males; (b) females exhibited strong responses (either departed distantly or formed affiliative relationships with their consorting male partner) when their consorting males mated with rival females or showed sexual motivation toward rival females; (c) female preferences were positively correlated to the duration of consortships and the frequencies of ejaculation copulations, independent of the social ranks of their consorting male partners. Our results suggested that female strategies played much more important roles in forming and maintaining consortship than previously assumed. It provides new insight into understanding female adaptive strategies to male strategies by forming consortships in multimale-multifemale primate species when males could not identify female's fertile phase accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Xin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyHefeiChina
| | - Lixing Sun
- Department of Biological SciencesCentral Washington UniversityEllensburgWAUSA
| | - Dong‐Po Xia
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyHefeiChina
- School of Life SciencesAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Jin‐Hua Li
- School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral EcologyHefeiChina
- Schools of Life SciencesHefei Normal UniversityHefeiChina
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8
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Moraes BÁLCDE, Borges DB, Souza-Alves JP, Boubli JP, Bezerra B. Microsatellite Markers for Bearded Capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus): Transferability and Characterization. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190802. [PMID: 33470383 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Sapajus libidinosus populations are in continuous decline due to fragmentation, habitat loss, and the illegal pet trade. They live in Caatinga scrub forests, which already lost over 50% of their original cover. The lack of studies on S. libidinosus population genetics means that we do not know how they are being affected by this striking habitat loss and other anthropogenic disturbances. Polymorphic markers are not available for the study of S. libidinosus diversity and population genetics. Thus, here we aimed to test the transferability of 14 microsatellite markers to S. libidinosus. These microsatellites were previously isolated from Cebus capucinus (white-faced capuchin), species belonging to the same subfamily (Cebinae) as the study species. We found that six of the tested microsatellite markers (tetra-nucleotide) were cross-amplified in our target species. All loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles varied from 4 to 7, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.588 to 0.869. The microsatellite markers transferred to S. libidinosus and characterised in our study will be valuable tools to evaluate the genetic variability of both wild and captive populations. They will considerably reduce the costs of microsatellite isolations, helping to prioritise currently limited research and conservation budgets in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- BÁrbara L C DE Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.,University of Salford, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, Salford Western Gateway, Salford M5 4WX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela B Borges
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, s/n, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,University of Salford, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, Salford Western Gateway, Salford M5 4WX, United Kingdom
| | - JoÃo Pedro Souza-Alves
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jean Phillipe Boubli
- University of Salford, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, Salford Western Gateway, Salford M5 4WX, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamento e Conservação, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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9
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Amici F, Kulik L, Langos D, Widdig A. Growing into adulthood—a review on sex differences in the development of sociality across macaques. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Scott DD, Boston ESM, Lundy MG, Buckley DJ, Gager Y, Chaplain CJ, Teeling EC, Ian Montgomery W, Prodöhl PA. Relatedness, parentage, and philopatry within a Natterer's bat (
Myotis nattereri
) maternity colony. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Daniel Scott
- Queen's University Belfast, Medical and Biological Centre97 Lisburn Rd.BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Emma S. M. Boston
- University College DublinScience Centre West, BelfieldDublin 4Ireland
| | - Mathieu G. Lundy
- Queen's University Belfast, Medical and Biological Centre97 Lisburn Rd.BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Daniel J. Buckley
- University College DublinScience Centre West, BelfieldDublin 4Ireland
| | - Yann Gager
- Queen's University Belfast, Medical and Biological Centre97 Lisburn Rd.BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Callum J. Chaplain
- Queen's University Belfast, Medical and Biological Centre97 Lisburn Rd.BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- University College DublinScience Centre West, BelfieldDublin 4Ireland
| | - William Ian Montgomery
- Queen's University Belfast, Medical and Biological Centre97 Lisburn Rd.BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Paulo A. Prodöhl
- Queen's University Belfast, Medical and Biological Centre97 Lisburn Rd.BelfastNorthern IrelandUK
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11
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Valencia LM, Martins A, Ortiz EM, Di Fiore A. A RAD-sequencing approach to genome-wide marker discovery, genotyping, and phylogenetic inference in a diverse radiation of primates. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201254. [PMID: 30118481 PMCID: PMC6097672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, most phylogenetic and population genetics studies of nonhuman primates have relied on mitochondrial DNA and/or a small number of nuclear DNA markers, which can limit our understanding of primate evolutionary and population history. Here, we describe a cost-effective reduced representation method (ddRAD-seq) for identifying and genotyping large numbers of SNP loci for taxa from across the New World monkeys, a diverse radiation of primates that shared a common ancestor ~20-26 mya. We also estimate, for the first time, the phylogenetic relationships among 15 of the 22 currently-recognized genera of New World monkeys using ddRAD-seq SNP data using both maximum likelihood and quartet-based coalescent methods. Our phylogenetic analyses robustly reconstructed three monophyletic clades corresponding to the three families of extant platyrrhines (Atelidae, Pitheciidae and Cebidae), with Pitheciidae as basal within the radiation. At the genus level, our results conformed well with previous phylogenetic studies and provide additional information relevant to the problematic position of the owl monkey (Aotus) within the family Cebidae, suggesting a need for further exploration of incomplete lineage sorting and other explanations for phylogenetic discordance, including introgression. Our study additionally provides one of the first applications of next-generation sequencing methods to the inference of phylogenetic history across an old, diverse radiation of mammals and highlights the broad promise and utility of ddRAD-seq data for molecular primatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Valencia
- Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States of America
| | - Amely Martins
- Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States of America
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, ICMBio/MMA, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Edgardo M. Ortiz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States of America
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States of America
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12
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Strier KB. Primate social behavior. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:801-812. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin, 53706
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13
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Arandjelovic M, Vigilant L. Non-invasive genetic censusing and monitoring of primate populations. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22743. [PMID: 29457631 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowing the density or abundance of primate populations is essential for their conservation management and contextualizing socio-demographic and behavioral observations. When direct counts of animals are not possible, genetic analysis of non-invasive samples collected from wildlife populations allows estimates of population size with higher accuracy and precision than is possible using indirect signs. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional indirect survey methods, prolonged or periodic genetic sampling across months or years enables inference of group membership, movement, dynamics, and some kin relationships. Data may also be used to estimate sex ratios, sex differences in dispersal distances, and detect gene flow among locations. Recent advances in capture-recapture models have further improved the precision of population estimates derived from non-invasive samples. Simulations using these methods have shown that the confidence interval of point estimates includes the true population size when assumptions of the models are met, and therefore this range of population size minima and maxima should be emphasized in population monitoring studies. Innovations such as the use of sniffer dogs or anti-poaching patrols for sample collection are important to ensure adequate sampling, and the expected development of efficient and cost-effective genotyping by sequencing methods for DNAs derived from non-invasive samples will automate and speed analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Arandjelovic
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Jacobs RL, Frankel DC, Rice RJ, Kiefer VJ, Bradley BJ. Parentage complexity in socially monogamous lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer
): Integrating genetic and observational data. Am J Primatol 2018; 80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Jacobs
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology; The George Washington University; Washington District of Columbia
| | - David C. Frankel
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology; The George Washington University; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Riley J. Rice
- Department of Anthropology; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Vera J. Kiefer
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology; The George Washington University; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Brenda J. Bradley
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology; The George Washington University; Washington District of Columbia
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15
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Jack KM, Fedigan LM. Alpha Male Capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) as Keystone Individuals. PRIMATE LIFE HISTORIES, SEX ROLES, AND ADAPTABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98285-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Development of 34 SNP markers developed from the genome resequencing dataset in golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) using high resolution melting (HRM). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-016-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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18
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Widdig A, Kessler MJ, Bercovitch FB, Berard JD, Duggleby C, Nürnberg P, Rawlins RG, Sauermann U, Wang Q, Krawczak M, Schmidtke J. Genetic studies on the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques: A review of 40 years of research. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:44-62. [PMID: 26031601 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies not only contribute substantially to our current understanding of the natural variation in behavior and health in many species, they also provide the basis of numerous in vivo models of human traits. Despite the many challenges posed by the high level of biological and social complexity, a long lifespan and difficult access in the field, genetic studies of primates are particularly rewarding because of the close evolutionary relatedness of these species to humans. The free-ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) population on Cayo Santiago (CS), Puerto Rico, provides a unique resource in this respect because several of the abovementioned caveats are of either minor importance there, or lacking altogether, thereby allowing long-term genetic research in a primate population under constant surveillance since 1956. This review summarizes more than 40 years of genetic research carried out on CS, from early blood group typing and the genetic characterization of skeletal material via population-wide paternity testing with DNA fingerprints and short tandem repeats (STRs) to the analysis of the highly polymorphic DQB1 locus within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The results of the paternity studies also facilitated subsequent studies of male dominance and other factors influencing male reproductive success, of male reproductive skew, paternal kin bias, and mechanisms of paternal kin recognition. More recently, the CS macaques have been the subjects of functional genetic and gene expression analyses and have played an important role in behavioral and quantitative genetic studies. In addition, the CS colony has been used as a natural model for human adult-onset macular degeneration, glaucoma, and circadian rhythm disorder. Our review finishes off with a discussion of potential future directions of research on CS, including the transition from STRs to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing and whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Widdig
- Research Group of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico
| | - Matthew J Kessler
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico.,Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Fred B Bercovitch
- Primate Research Institute & Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - John D Berard
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, North Hills, California
| | - Christine Duggleby
- Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Richard G Rawlins
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Punta Santiago, Puerto Rico
| | - Ulrike Sauermann
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmidtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Widdig A, Langos D, Kulik L. Sex differences in kin bias at maturation: Male rhesus macaques prefer paternal kin prior to natal dispersal. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:78-91. [PMID: 25810077 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal and mating patterns are known to affect the availability of both maternal and paternal kin within social groups, with important effects on the evolution of sociality. It is generally assumed that the philopatric sex forms stronger social bonds than the dispersing sex, possibly as a result of reduced kin availability for the dispersing sex after departure. However, few primate studies have directly compared whether sex differences in association patterns, particular with kin, are already present prior to dispersal when kin availability should be the same for both sexes. Here, we compared affiliative and aggressive interactions in a female philopatric species, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), to test whether sex differences in kin bias already occur around the age of maturation, when both sexes still live together with kin in their natal group. Our data confirmed that kin availability was the same for both sexes prior to male dispersal. Similar kin availability was partially reflected by comparable association patterns, as both females and males preferentially interacted with maternal kin. However, females had stronger affiliative bonds with maternal kin than males of the same age, indicating that kin associations not only depended upon kin availability, but were also sex-specific. Similarly, males were significantly more likely to affiliate with paternal kin than non-kin, as compared to females, suggesting that males discriminated paternal kin from non-kin earlier in life than females. Males might have a stronger need than females to affiliate with paternal kin due to a reduced integration in the matrilineal family prior to dispersal and the high availability of paternally related age-peers, with whom males could potentially migrate. Females, in contrast, form stronger affiliations with maternal kin, which may enhance their offspring's survival. More comparative studies are needed to understand the impact of different dispersal regimes on patterns of kin associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Widdig
- Department of Primatology, Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doreen Langos
- Department of Primatology, Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Department of Primatology, Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Nikzad S, Tan SG, Yong Seok Yien C, Ng J, Alitheen NB, Khan R, Rovie-Ryan JJ, Valdiani A, Khajeaian P, Kanthaswamy S. Genetic diversity and population structure of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) populations in Peninsular Malaysia. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:433-44. [PMID: 24930735 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity and structure of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Peninsular Malaysia, a widely used non-human primate species in biomedical research, have not been thoroughly characterized. METHODS Thirteen sites of wild populations of long-tailed macaques representing six states were sampled and analyzed with 18 STR markers. RESULTS The Sunggala and Penang Island populations showed the highest genetic diversity estimates, while the Jerejak Island population was the most genetically discrete due to isolation from the mainland shelf. Concordant with pairwise F(st) estimates, STRUCTURE analyses of the seven PCA-correlated clusters revealed low to moderate differentiation among the sampling sites. No association between geographic and genetic distances exists, suggesting that the study sites, including island study sites, are genetically if not geographically contiguous. CONCLUSIONS The status of the genetic structure and composition of long-tailed macaque populations require further scrutiny to develop this species as an important animal model in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nikzad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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21
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Assessing the impact of hunting pressure on population structure of Guinea baboons (Papio papio) in Guinea-Bissau. CONSERV GENET 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-014-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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23
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24
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Male Response to Female Ovulation in White-Faced Capuchins (Cebus capucinus): Variation in Fecal Testosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, and Glucocorticoids. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Cross-species amplification of human microsatellite markers in pig-tailed and stump-tailed macaques. J Genet 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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The Genetic Basis of Primate Behavior: Genetics and Genomics in Field-Based Primatology. INT J PRIMATOL 2013; 35:1-10. [PMID: 25013243 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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The Influence of Social Systems on Patterns of Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Baboons. INT J PRIMATOL 2013; 35:210-225. [PMID: 24523566 PMCID: PMC3915079 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Behavior is influenced by genes but can also shape the genetic structure of natural populations. Investigating this link is of great importance because behavioral processes can alter the genetic diversity on which selection acts. Gene flow is one of the main determinants of the genetic structure of a population and dispersal is the behavior that mediates gene flow. Baboons (genus Papio) are among the most intensely studied primate species and serve as a model system to investigate the evolution of social systems using a comparative approach. The general mammalian pattern of male dispersal and female philopatry has thus far been found in baboons, with the exception of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). As yet, the lack of data on Guinea baboons (Papio papio) creates a taxonomic gap in genus-wide comparative analyses. In our study we investigated the sex-biased dispersal pattern of Guinea baboons in comparison to hamadryas, olive, yellow, and chacma baboons using sequences of the maternally transmitted mitochondrial hypervariable region I. Analyzing whole-range georeferenced samples (N = 777), we found strong evidence for female-biased gene flow in Guinea baboons and confirmed this pattern for hamadryas baboons, as shown by a lack of genetic-geographic structuring. In addition, most genetic variation was found within and not among demes, in sharp contrast to the pattern observed in matrilocal primates including the other baboon taxa. Our results corroborate the notion that the Guinea baboons’ social system shares some important features with that of hamadryas baboons, suggesting similar evolutionary forces have acted to distinguish them from all other baboons.
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28
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Inoue E, Akomo-Okoue EF, Ando C, Iwata Y, Judai M, Fujita S, Hongo S, Nze-Nkogue C, Inoue-Murayama M, Yamagiwa J. Male genetic structure and paternity in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:583-8. [PMID: 23868171 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The male dispersal patterns of western lowland gorillas (WLGs, Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are not well understood. To determine whether most silverbacks stay close to their relatives, we analyzed autosomal and Y-chromosomal microsatellites (STRs) in wild WLGs at Moukalaba, Gabon. We obtained STR genotypes for 38 individuals, including eight silverbacks and 12 adult females in an approximately 40 km(2) area. Among them, 20 individuals were members of one identified group (Group Gentil; GG), including one silverback and six adult females. The silverback sired all 13 of the offspring in GG and no Y-STR polymorphism within GG was found, as expected in a one-male group structure. Over all silverbacks sampled, Y-STR diversity was high considering the limited sampling area, and silverbacks with similar Y-STR haplotypes were not always located in nearby areas. Although the misclassification rate of kinship estimates in this study was not negligible, there were no kin dyads among all silverbacks sampled. These results suggest that silverbacks born in the same group do not stay close to each other after maturation. The Y-STR diversity in this study was similar to that of a previous study conducted in an area that was approximately 150 times larger than our study area. Similarity of WLG Y-STR diversity between studies at different sampling scales suggests that male gene flow may not be geographically limited. These results suggest that WLG males normally disperse from their natal areas after maturation, at least, in Moukalaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Inoue
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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29
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Miyamoto MM, Allen JM, Gogarten JF, Chapman CA. Microsatellite DNA suggests that group size affects sex-biased dispersal patterns in red colobus monkeys. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:478-90. [PMID: 23307485 PMCID: PMC3609894 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a major life history trait of social organisms influencing the behavioral and genetic structure of their groups. Unfortunately, primate dispersal is difficult to quantify, because of the rarity of these events and our inability to ascertain if individuals dispersed or died when they disappear. Socioecological models have been partially developed to understand the ecological causes of different dispersal systems and their social consequences. However, these models have yielded confusing results when applied to folivores. The folivorous red colobus monkey (Procolobus rufomitratus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda is thought to exhibit female-biased dispersal, although both sexes have been observed to disperse and there remains considerable debate over the selective pressures favoring the transfers of males and females and the causes of variation in the proportion of each sex to leave the natal group. We circumvent this problem by using microsatellite DNA data to investigate the prediction that female dispersal will be more frequent in larger groups as compared to smaller ones. The rationale for this prediction is that red colobus exhibit increased within-group competition in bigger groups, which should favor higher female dispersal rates and ultimately lower female relatedness. Genetic data from two unequally sized neighboring groups of red colobus demonstrate increased female relatedness within the smaller group, suggesting females are less likely to disperse when there is less within-group competition. We suggest that the dispersal system is mediated to some degree by scramble competition and group size. Since red colobus group sizes have increased throughout Kibale by over 50% in the last decade, these changes may have major implications for the genetic structure and ultimately the population viability of this endangered primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Miyamoto
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA.
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30
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A New Method for Genome-wide Marker Development and Genotyping Holds Great Promise for Molecular Primatology. INT J PRIMATOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Minhós T, Nixon E, Sousa C, Vicente LM, da Silva MF, Sá R, Bruford MW. Genetic evidence for spatio-temporal changes in the dispersal patterns of two sympatric African colobine monkeys. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 150:464-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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VAN BELLE SARIE, ESTRADA ALEJANDRO, STRIER KARENB, DI FIORE ANTHONY. Genetic Structure and Kinship Patterns in a Population of Black Howler Monkeys, Alouatta pigra, at Palenque National Park, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:948-57. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - ALEJANDRO ESTRADA
- Estación de Biología Tropical Los Tuxtlas; Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Los Tuxtlas; México
| | - KAREN B. STRIER
- Department of Anthropology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; Wisconsin
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33
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Kulik L, Muniz L, Mundry R, Widdig A. Patterns of interventions and the effect of coalitions and sociality on male fitness. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:699-714. [PMID: 21880090 PMCID: PMC3232344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In group living animals, especially among primates, there is consistent evidence that high-ranking males gain a higher reproductive output than low-ranking males. Primate studies have shown that male coalitions and sociality can impact male fitness; however, it remains unclear whether males could potentially increase their fitness by preferentially supporting and socializing with females. Here we investigate patterns of male interventions and the effect of coalitions and sociality on male fitness in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with particular focus on male-female interactions. We combined behavioural observations collected on Cayo Santiago with genetic data analysed for male reproductive output and relatedness. Our results revealed that the ten top-ranking males provided the majority of all male support observed. In contrast to other primates, male rhesus macaques mainly formed all-down coalitions suggesting that coalitions are less likely used to enhance male dominance. Males supporting females during and before their likely conception were not more likely to fertilize those females. We also found no evidence that males preferably support their offspring or other close kin. Interestingly, the most important predictor of male support was sociality, since opponents sharing a higher sociality index with a given male were more likely to be supported. Furthermore, a high sociality index of a given male-female dyad resulted in a higher probability of paternity. Overall, our results strengthen the evidence that sociality affects fitness in male primates, but also suggest that in species in which males queue for dominance, it is less likely that males derive fitness benefits from coalitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kulik
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 32, 0341 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Muniz
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Widdig
- Junior Research Group of Primate Kin Selection, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 32, 0341 Leipzig, Germany
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, PO Box 906, Punta Santiago, PR 00741, USA
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34
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Blair ME, Melnick DJ. Genetic evidence for dispersal by both sexes in the Central American Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus. Am J Primatol 2012; 74:37-47. [PMID: 22038889 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sex-biased dispersal (SBD) is common in many vertebrates, including primates. However, dispersal patterns in New World primates may vary among closely related taxa or populations in different local environments. Here, we test for SBD in an endangered New World primate, the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus). Previous studies of behavioral ecology suggest predominantly female dispersal in S.o. oerstedii in the Southern Pacific region of Costa Rica. However, our genetic data do not support strongly female-biased dispersal in S.o. citrinellus in the Central Pacific region. Our tests for SBD using microsatellite data including comparisons of isolation-by-distance, AI(c) , and F(ST) values between males and females were not significant. Also, we found greater population genetic structure in mitochondrial markers than in microsatellite markers, indicative of predominantly male dispersal. We conclude that both sexes disperse in S.o. citrinellus, and that males probably disperse over longer distances. We discuss how spatial and temporal variation among local populations should be taken into account when studying dispersal patterns and especially sex bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Blair
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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35
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Yan C, Shattuck MR, Thimmapuram J, Vullaganti D, Malhi R. Developing SNPs and STR DNA markers for snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) using next-generation sequencing technology. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-011-9572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Yang M, Yang Y, Cui D, Fickenscher G, Zinner D, Roos C, Brameier M. Population genetic structure of Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus brelichi) as inferred from mitochondrial control region sequences, and comparison with R. roxellana and R. bieti. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 147:1-10. [PMID: 21953032 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a primate species endemic to the Wuling Mountains in southern China. With a maximum of 800 wild animals, the species is endangered and one of the rarest Chinese primates. To assess the genetic diversity within R. brelichi and to analyze its genetic population structure, we collected fecal samples from the wild R. brelichi population and sequenced the hypervariable region I of the mitochondrial control region from 141 individuals. We compared our data with those from the two other Chinese snub-nosed species (R. roxellana, R. bieti) and reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. With only five haplotypes and a maximum of 25 polymorphic sites, R. brelichi shows the lowest genetic diversity in terms of haplotype diversity (h), nucleotide diversity (π), and average number of pairwise nucleotide differences (Π). The most recent common ancestor of R. brelichi lived ∼0.36 million years ago (Ma), thus more recently than those of R. roxellana (∼0.91 Ma) and R. bieti (∼1.33 Ma). Phylogenetic analysis and analysis of molecular variance revealed a clear and significant differentiation among the three Chinese snub-nosed monkey species. Population genetic analyses (Tajima's D, Fu's F(s) , and mismatch distribution) suggest a stable population size for R. brelichi. For the other two species, results point in the same direction, but population substructure possibly introduces some ambiguity. Because of the lower genetic variation, the smaller population size and the more restricted distribution, R. brelichi might be more vulnerable to environmental changes or climate oscillations than the other two Chinese snub-nosed monkey species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouyu Yang
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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Babb PL, McIntosh AM, Fernandez-Duque E, Di Fiore A, Schurr TG. An optimized microsatellite genotyping strategy for assessing genetic identity and kinship in Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarai). Folia Primatol (Basel) 2011; 82:107-17. [PMID: 21912137 DOI: 10.1159/000330564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterize a panel of 20 microsatellite markers that reproducibly amplify in Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarai) for use in genetic profiling analyses. A total of 128 individuals from our study site in Formosa, Argentina, were genotyped for 20 markers, 13 of which were found to be polymorphic. The levels of allelic variation at these loci provided paternity exclusion probabilities of 0.852 when neither parent was known, and 0.981 when one parent was known. In addition, our analysis revealed that, although genotypes can be rapidly scored using fluorescence-based fragment analysis, the presence of complex or multiple short tandem repeat (STR) motifs at a microsatellite locus could generate similar fragment patterns from alleles that have different nucleotide sequences and perhaps different evolutionary origins. Even so, this collection of microsatellite loci is suitable for parentage analyses and will allow us to test various hypotheses about the relationship between social behavior and kinship in wild owl monkey populations. Furthermore, given the limited number of platyrrhine-specific microsatellite loci available in the literature, this STR panel represents a valuable tool for population studies of other cebines and callitrichines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Babb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6398, USA
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Holekamp KE, Smith JE, Strelioff CC, Van Horn RC, Watts HE. Society, demography and genetic structure in the spotted hyena. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:613-32. [PMID: 21880088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are large mammalian carnivores, but their societies, called 'clans', resemble those of such cercopithecine primates as baboons and macaques with respect to their size, hierarchical structure, and frequency of social interaction among both kin and unrelated group-mates. However, in contrast to cercopithecine primates, spotted hyenas regularly hunt antelope and compete with group-mates for access to kills, which are extremely rich food sources, but also rare and ephemeral. This unique occurrence of baboon-like sociality among top-level predators has favoured the evolution of many unusual traits in this species. We briefly review the relevant socio-ecology of spotted hyenas, document great demographic variation but little variation in social structure across the species' range, and describe the long-term fitness consequences of rank-related variation in resource access among clan-mates. We then summarize patterns of genetic relatedness within and between clans, including some from a population that had recently gone through a population bottleneck, and consider the roles of sexually dimorphic dispersal and female mate choice in the generation of these patterns. Finally, we apply social network theory under varying regimes of resource availability to analyse the effects of kinship on the stability of social relationships among members of one large hyena clan in Kenya. Although social bonds among both kin and non-kin are weakest when resource competition is most intense, hyenas sustain strong social relationships with kin year-round, despite constraints imposed by resource limitation. Our analyses suggest that selection might act on both individuals and matrilineal kin groups within clans containing multiple matrilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA.
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Langergraber K, Schubert G, Rowney C, Wrangham R, Zommers Z, Vigilant L. Genetic differentiation and the evolution of cooperation in chimpanzees and humans. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:2546-52. [PMID: 21247955 PMCID: PMC3125631 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that human cooperation is unique among animals for its scale and complexity, its altruistic nature and its occurrence among large groups of individuals that are not closely related or are even strangers. One potential solution to this puzzle is that the unique aspects of human cooperation evolved as a result of high levels of lethal competition (i.e. warfare) between genetically differentiated groups. Although between-group migration would seem to make this scenario unlikely, the plausibility of the between-group competition model has recently been supported by analyses using estimates of genetic differentiation derived from contemporary human groups hypothesized to be representative of those that existed during the time period when human cooperation evolved. Here, we examine levels of between-group genetic differentiation in a large sample of contemporary human groups selected to overcome some of the problems with earlier estimates, and compare them with those of chimpanzees. We find that our estimates of between-group genetic differentiation in contemporary humans are lower than those used in previous tests, and not higher than those of chimpanzees. Because levels of between-group competition in contemporary humans and chimpanzees are also similar, these findings suggest that the identification of other factors that differ between chimpanzees and humans may be needed to provide a compelling explanation of why humans, but not chimpanzees, display the unique features of human cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Langergraber
- Primatology Department, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
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Hong KW, Weiss A, Morimura N, Udono T, Hayasaka I, Humle T, Murayama Y, Ito S, Inoue-Murayama M. Polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene is associated with chimpanzee neuroticism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22144. [PMID: 21765945 PMCID: PMC3135609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, serotonin production is controlled by tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), a genotype. Previous studies found that mutations on the TPH2 locus in humans were associated with depression and studies of mice and studies of rhesus macaques have shown that the TPH2 locus was involved with aggressive behavior. We previously reported a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the form of an amino acid substitution, Q468R, in the chimpanzee TPH2 gene coding region. In the present study we tested whether this SNP was associated with neuroticism in captive and wild-born chimpanzees living in Japan and Guinea, respectively. Even after correcting for multiple tests (Bonferroni p = 0.05/6 = 0.008), Q468R was significantly related to higher neuroticism (β = 0.372, p = 0.005). This study is the first to identify a genotype linked to a personality trait in chimpanzees. In light of the prior studies on humans, mice, and rhesus macaques, these findings suggest that the relationship between neuroticism and TPH2 has deep phylogenetic roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Hong
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Scottish Primate Research Group, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Toshifumi Udono
- The Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho co., Ltd., Uto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hayasaka
- The Chimpanzee Sanctuary Uto, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho co., Ltd., Uto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatyana Humle
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent. Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shin'ichi Ito
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Schubert G, Stoneking CJ, Arandjelovic M, Boesch C, Eckhardt N, Hohmann G, Langergraber K, Lukas D, Vigilant L. Male-mediated gene flow in patrilocal primates. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21514. [PMID: 21747938 PMCID: PMC3128582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many group-living species display strong sex biases in dispersal tendencies. However, gene flow mediated by apparently philopatric sex may still occur and potentially alters population structure. In our closest living evolutionary relatives, dispersal of adult males seems to be precluded by high levels of territoriality between males of different groups in chimpanzees, and has only been observed once in bonobos. Still, male-mediated gene flow might occur through rare events such as extra-group matings leading to extra-group paternity (EGP) and female secondary dispersal with offspring, but the extent of this gene flow has not yet been assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using autosomal microsatellite genotyping of samples from multiple groups of wild western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), we found low genetic differentiation among groups for both males and females. Characterization of Y-chromosome microsatellites revealed levels of genetic differentiation between groups in bonobos almost as high as those reported previously in eastern chimpanzees, but lower levels of differentiation in western chimpanzees. By using simulations to evaluate the patterns of Y-chromosomal variation expected under realistic assumptions of group size, mutation rate and reproductive skew, we demonstrate that the observed presence of multiple and highly divergent Y-haplotypes within western chimpanzee and bonobo groups is best explained by successful male-mediated gene flow. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The similarity of inferred rates of male-mediated gene flow and published rates of EGP in western chimpanzees suggests this is the most likely mechanism of male-mediated gene flow in this subspecies. In bonobos more data are needed to refine the estimated rate of gene flow. Our findings suggest that dispersal patterns in these closely related species, and particularly for the chimpanzee subspecies, are more variable than previously appreciated. This is consistent with growing recognition of extensive behavioral variation in chimpanzees and bonobos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Schubert
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Junior Research Group Novel Zoonoses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mimi Arandjelovic
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Eckhardt
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Langergraber
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dieter Lukas
- Large Animal Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Chaves PB, Alvarenga CS, Possamai CDB, Dias LG, Boubli JP, Strier KB, Mendes SL, Fagundes V. Genetic diversity and population history of a critically endangered primate, the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). PLoS One 2011; 6:e20722. [PMID: 21694757 PMCID: PMC3108597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social, ecological, and historical processes affect the genetic structure of primate populations, and therefore have key implications for the conservation of endangered species. The northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) is a critically endangered New World monkey and a flagship species for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest hotspot. Yet, like other neotropical primates, little is known about its population history and the genetic structure of remnant populations. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region of 152 northern muriquis, or 17.6% of the 864 northern muriquis from 8 of the 12 known extant populations and found no evidence of phylogeographic partitions or past population shrinkage/expansion. Bayesian and classic analyses show that this finding may be attributed to the joint contribution of female-biased dispersal, demographic stability, and a relatively large historic population size. Past population stability is consistent with a central Atlantic Forest Pleistocene refuge. In addition, the best scenario supported by an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis, significant fixation indices (Φ(ST) = 0.49, Φ(CT) = 0.24), and population-specific haplotypes, coupled with the extirpation of intermediate populations, are indicative of a recent geographic structuring of genetic diversity during the Holocene. Genetic diversity is higher in populations living in larger areas (>2,000 hectares), but it is remarkably low in the species overall (θ = 0.018). Three populations occurring in protected reserves and one fragmented population inhabiting private lands harbor 22 out of 23 haplotypes, most of which are population-exclusive, and therefore represent patchy repositories of the species' genetic diversity. We suggest that these populations be treated as discrete units for conservation management purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo B. Chaves
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Clara S. Alvarenga
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carla de B. Possamai
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G. Dias
- Instituto Biotrópicos de Pesquisa em Vida Silvestre, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sérgio L. Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Fagundes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Fuentes A. The new biological anthropology: Bringing Washburn's new physical anthropology into 2010 and beyond-The 2008 AAPA luncheon lecture. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 143 Suppl 51:2-12. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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The fitness of dispersing spotted hyaena sons is influenced by maternal social status. Nat Commun 2010; 1:60. [PMID: 20975715 PMCID: PMC2964455 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory predicts that mothers should provide their offspring with a privileged upbringing if this enhances their offspring's and their own fitness. In many mammals, high-ranking mothers provide their offspring with a privileged upbringing. Whether dispersing sons gain fitness benefits during adulthood from such privileges (a 'silver spoon' effect) has rarely been examined. In this paper, we show that in the complex, female-dominated society of spotted hyaenas, high-born sons grew at higher rates, were more likely to disperse to clans offering the best fitness prospects, started reproducing earlier and had a higher reproductive value than did lower-born sons. This illustrates the evolutionary importance of maternal effects even in societies in which male size or fighting ability does not influence fitness. By demonstrating for the first time in a non-human mammal that maternal status influences immigration patterns, the study also advances our understanding of two key ecological and evolutionary processes, dispersal and habitat selection. Spotted hyaenas live in clans with a hierarchy of females with different social ranks. In this paper, the sons of high-ranking female hyaenas are shown to have greater fitness than sons born of mothers of medium and low rank. This study highlights the importance of maternal effects in evolution.
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Teichroeb JA, Sicotte P. The Function of Male Agonistic Displays in Ursine Colobus Monkeys (Colobus vellerosus): Male Competition, Female Mate Choice or Sexual Coercion? Ethology 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Spehar SN, Link A, Di Fiore A. Male and female range use in a group of white-bellied spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. Am J Primatol 2010; 72:129-41. [PMID: 19911424 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spider monkeys (Ateles sp.) live in a flexible fission-fusion social system in which members of a social group are not in constant association, but instead form smaller subgroups of varying size and composition. Patterns of range use in spider monkeys have been described as sex-segregated, with males and females often ranging separately, females utilizing core areas that encompass only a fraction of the entire community range, and males using much larger portions of the community range that overlap considerably with the core areas of females and other males. Males are also reported to use the boundary areas of community home ranges more often than females. Spider monkeys thus seem to parallel the "male-bonded" patterns of ranging and association found among some groups of chimpanzees. Over several years of research on one group of spider monkeys (Ateles belzebuth) in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador, we characterized the ranging patterns of adult males and females and evaluated the extent to which they conform to previously reported patterns. In contrast to ranging patterns seen at several other spider monkey sites, the ranges of our study females overlapped considerably, with little evidence of exclusive use of particular areas by individual monkeys. Average male and female home range size was comparable, and males and females were similar in their use of boundary areas. These ranging patterns are similar to those of "bisexually bonded" groups of chimpanzees in West Africa. We suggest that the less sex-segregated ranging patterns seen in this particular group of spider monkeys may be owing to a history of human disturbance in the area and to lower genetic relatedness between males, highlighting the potential for flexibility some aspects of the spider monkeys' fission-fusion social system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Spehar
- Anthropology, Department of Religious Studies and Anthropology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd., Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA.
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Liu Z, Ren B, Wu R, Zhao L, Hao Y, Wang B, Wei F, Long Y, Li M. The effect of landscape features on population genetic structure in Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) implies an anthropogenic genetic discontinuity. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:3831-46. [PMID: 19732331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is one of the top 10 biodiversity hotspots in the world and acts as a modern harbour for many rare species because of its relatively pristine state. In this article, we report a landscape genetic study on the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti), a primate endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. DNA was extracted from blood, tissue and fecal samples of 135 wild individuals representing 11 out of 15 extant monkey groups. Ten microsatellite loci were used to characterize patterns of genetic diversity. The most striking feature of the population structure is the presence of five subpopulations with distinct genetic backgrounds and unique spatial regions. The population structure of R. bieti appears to be shaped by anthropogenic landscape features as gene flow between subpopulations is strongly impeded by arable land, highways and human habitation. A partial Mantel test showed that 36.23% (r = 0.51, P = 0.01) of the genetic distance was explained by habitat gaps after controlling for the effect of geographical distance. Only 4.92% of the genetic distance was explained by geographical distance in the partial Mantel test, and no significant correlation was found. Estimation of population structure history indicates that environmental change during the last glacial maximum and human impacts since the Holocene, or a combination of both, have shaped the observed population structure of R. bieti. Increasing human activity on the Plateau, especially that resulting in habitat fragmentation, is becoming an important factor in shaping the genetic structure and evolutionary potential of species inhabiting this key ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Liu
- Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Rodriguez-Llanes JM, Verbeke G, Finlayson C. Reproductive benefits of high social status in male macaques (Macaca). Anim Behav 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hong KW, Matsukawa R, Hirata Y, Hayasaka I, Murayama Y, Ito S, Inoue-Murayama M. Allele distribution and effect on reporter gene expression of vasopressin receptor gene (AVPR1a)-linked VNTR in primates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:535-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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