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Yaussy SL. Using craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry to examine the effects of sex, socioeconomic status, and early life experiences on adult age at death in industrial England. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24907. [PMID: 38380869 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Historical evidence from 18th- and 19th-century England suggests that industrialization's impacts on health were largely negative, especially among marginalized groups. However, available documentary evidence is often biased toward adult men and rarely sheds light on the experiences of other members of the population, such as women and children. Craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry (FA) can serve as a proxy measurement of developmental instability and stress during development. This study examines the associations among age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and FA in skeletal samples from industrial-era England. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample for this study comes from four industrial-era cemeteries from England (A.D. 1711-1857). Geometric morphometric analyses of three-dimensional landmark coordinate data were used to generate a measure of FA for each individual (Mahalanobis distance). A three-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the impacts of sex, SES, and FA scores on adult age at death (n = 168). RESULTS Significant associations existed between age at death and SES (p = 0.004) and FA scores (p = 0.094). Comparisons of the estimated means indicated that age at death was consistently higher among high SES individuals and individuals with FA scores less than one standard deviation from the mean. CONCLUSIONS This study supports findings from previous studies that have suggested that the differences in resource access and environmental buffering generated by socioeconomic inequality can impact longevity and patterns of mortality among socioeconomic status groups. Likewise, stress in early life-evinced by craniofacial fluctuating asymmetry-can influence observed patterns of longevity in adults decades later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Yaussy
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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Lawrence J, Stojanowski CM, Paul KS, Seidel AC, Guatelli-Steinberg D. Heterogeneous frailty and the expression of linear enamel hypoplasia in a genealogical population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:638-651. [PMID: 33852741 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a common skeletal marker of physiological stress (e.g., malnutrition or illness) that is studied within and across populations, without reference to familial risk. We examine LEH prevalence in a population with known genealogical relationships to determine the potential influence of genetic heritability and shared environment. METHODS LEH data of 239 individuals from a single population were recorded from the Ohio State University Menegaz-Bock collection dental casts. All individuals were of known age, sex, and genealogy. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for LEH presence and count data from all unworn, fully erupted teeth (excluding third molars) using SOLAR (v.8.1.1). Age, sex, and age-sex interaction were included as covariates. Models were re-run with a household effect variable. RESULTS LEH persists across generations in this study population with moderate, significant heritability estimates for presence in four teeth, and count in four teeth (three teeth were significant for both). When a household effect variable was added, no residual heritability remained for LEH count on any tooth. There was no significant household effect for three of the four teeth that had significant heritability estimates for LEH presence. Age was a significant covariate. Further analyses with birth year data revealed a secular trend toward less LEH. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for familial risk of LEH (genetic and environmental) that has consequences for the broad use of this skeletal marker of stress. These results have repercussions for archaeological assemblages, or population health studies, where genetic relatives and household groups might be heavily represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lawrence
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathleen S Paul
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrew C Seidel
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Viciano J, Tanga C, D'Anastasio R, Belcastro MG, Capasso L. Sex estimation by odontometrics of nonadult human remains from a contemporary Italian sample. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:59-80. [PMID: 32869297 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to develop an odontometric technique for sex estimation based on dental measurements from adult individuals, and to evaluate its applicability and reliability for diagnosis of sex of nonadult skeletal remains. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on the permanent dentition of 132 individuals (70 males, 62 females) from the identified human skeletal collection of the Certosa Cemetery (Bologna, Italy) of the University of Bologna. Binary logistic regression equations were developed based on dental measurements of the permanent teeth of the adult individuals, and these equations were subsequently applied to the permanent dentition of nonadult individuals to estimate their sex. RESULTS These data show that the canine teeth of both the maxilla and mandible are the most sexually dimorphic teeth in adults, followed by the mandibular second molar, maxillary and mandibular second and first premolars, and mandibular first molar. These data provided correct assignment of sex in 80.4-94.9% of cases, which depended on the measurements used. Of the 26 nonadult individuals of the experimental sample, sex diagnosis was possible for 22, which represented an applicability rate of 84.6% of the individuals. Comparing the sex of these 22 nonadult individuals estimated by odontometrics with the known biological sex, correct assignment was obtained in 90.9% of cases. CONCLUSION As a method of sex estimation, odontometric analysis of permanent dentition can be used successfully for nonadult human skeletal remains in both forensic and archeological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Viciano
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,University Museum, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Tanga
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ruggero D'Anastasio
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,University Museum, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Capasso
- Operative Unit of Anthropology, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,University Museum, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Davis KA, Mountain RV, Pickett OR, Den Besten PK, Bidlack FB, Dunn EC. Teeth as Potential New Tools to Measure Early-Life Adversity and Subsequent Mental Health Risk: An Interdisciplinary Review and Conceptual Model. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:502-513. [PMID: 31858984 PMCID: PMC7822497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early-life adversity affects nearly half of all youths in the United States and is a known risk factor for psychiatric disorders across the life course. One strategy to prevent mental illness may be to target interventions toward children who are exposed to adversity, particularly during sensitive periods when these adversities may have even more enduring effects. However, a major obstacle impeding progress in this area is the lack of tools to reliably and validly measure the existence and timing of early-life adversity. In this review, we summarize empirical work across dentistry, anthropology, and archaeology on human tooth development and discuss how teeth preserve a time-resolved record of our life experiences. Specifically, we articulate how teeth have been examined in these fields as biological fossils in which the history of an individual's early-life experiences is permanently imprinted; this area of research is related to, but distinct from, studies of oral health. We then integrate these insights with knowledge about the role of psychosocial adversity in shaping psychopathology risk to present a working conceptual model, which proposes that teeth may be an understudied yet suggestive new tool to identify individuals at risk for mental health problems following early-life psychosocial stress exposure. We end by presenting a research agenda and discussion of future directions for rigorously testing this possibility and with a call to action for interdisciplinary research to meet the urgent need for new biomarkers of adversity and psychiatric outcomes.
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Aris C, Nystrom P, Craig-Atkins E. A new multivariate method for determining sex of immature human remains using the maxillary first molar. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:672-683. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Aris
- Human Osteology Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Canterbury United Kingdom
- Department of Archaeology; University of Sheffield; Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Pia Nystrom
- Department of Archaeology; University of Sheffield; Sheffield United Kingdom
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Heritability and genetic integration of tooth size in the South Carolina Gullah. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:505-521. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Thompson AR, Hedman KM, Slater PA. New dental and isotope evidence of biological distance and place of origin for mass burial groups at Cahokia's mound 72. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:341-357. [PMID: 26173443 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mound 72 at Cahokia figures prominently into interpretations of early Mississippian sociopolitical development. A previous study utilizing dental morphology concluded that the groups of mostly young adult females interred in four mass graves in Mound 72 were likely not from Cahokia and possibly reflect sacrificial offerings from outside communities. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate these findings using multiple indicators of biological relatedness and place of origin/migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological relatedness in Mound 72 was examined using dental metrics and morphology. Four additional archaeological samples from nearby sites were included to better assess biological variation within Mound 72. Strontium isotope analysis (87 Sr/86 Sr) was also conducted on individuals from several burial features in Mound 72 to determine heterogeneity in place of origin. RESULTS Biodistance studies indicate that individuals in the four mass graves are phenotypically similar to other groups in the region, whereas F229-lower, a burial group with an aberrant mortuary context, is phenotypically distinct. Strontium isotope analyses show that mean Sr signatures for each feature investigated fall within the established local range for Cahokia. However, the range of Sr ratios for individuals in F229-lower is very narrow, suggesting they reflect a single population from a limited geologic region. DISCUSSION Collectively, these results question the long-standing idea that individuals in the four mass graves were non-local to Cahokia and suggest that F229-lower contained a biologically dissimilar group that either came from an outside region with a similar Sr signature to Cahokia, or represent a distinct and restricted group from the region. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:341-357, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV
| | - Kristin M Hedman
- Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Philip A Slater
- Illinois State Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL.,Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Luna LH. Interpretative potential of dental metrics for biodistance analysis in hunter-gatherers from central Argentina. A theoretical-methodological approach. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:432-47. [PMID: 26071174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of dental metrics as a reliable tool for the assessment of biological distances has diversified dramatically in the last decades. In this paper some of the basic assumptions on this issue and the potential of cervical measurements in biodistance protocols are discussed. A sample of 1173 permanent teeth from 57 male and female individuals, recovered in Chenque I site (western Pampas, central Argentina), a Late Holocene hunter-gatherer cemetery, is examined in order to test the impact of exogenous factors that may have influenced the phenotypic manifestation and affected dental crown sizes. The statistical association between dental metric data, obtained by measuring the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the crown and cervix, and the quantification of hypoplastic defects as a measure to evaluate the influence of the environment in the dental phenotypic expression is evaluated. The results show that socioenvironmental stress did not affect dental metrics and that only the more stable teeth (first incisors, canines, first premolars and first molars) and three variables (buccolingual diameter of the crown and both mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements of the cervix) should be included in multivariate analyses. These suggestions must be strengthened with additional studies of other regional samples to identify factors of variation among populations, so as to develop general guidelines for dental survey and biodistance analysis, but they are a first step for discussing assumptions usually used and maximizing the available information for low-density hunter-gatherer societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Luna
- CONICET, Museo Etnográfico J. B. Ambrosetti, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Buenos Aires, Moreno 350, 1091 Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Paul KS, Stojanowski CM. Performance analysis of deciduous morphology for detecting biological siblings. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:615-29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S. Paul
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Christopher M. Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287
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Mays S. A Discussion of Some Recent Methodological Developments in the Osteoarchaeology of Childhood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1758571613z.0000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Pilloud MA, Hillson S. Brief communication: The use of alternative dental measurements on deciduous teeth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:299-306. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pilloud MA, Larsen CS. "Official" and "practical" kin: Inferring social and community structure from dental phenotype at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:519-30. [PMID: 21590748 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük, Turkey (7400-5600 cal BC) is widely acknowledged for its role in the study of early farming communities. To better understand the social and community structure of this setting, an intracemetery biological distance analysis was conducted. Metric and nonmetric observations were recorded in both deciduous and permanent dentitions (n = 266) to explore phenotypic patterning of individuals interred within individual buildings. Specifically, this study tests the hypothesis that individuals within houses and house groupings represent family units and the social structure of Çatalhöyük was largely biological-kin based. Multivariate and univariate statistical procedures were applied to phenotypic dental data. Results indicate that inclusion for interment within a house was only minimally related to biological affinity. Moreover, the site does not appear to be organized into larger, biologically related neighborhoods of houses. These findings suggest that Çatalhöyük may not have been a kin-based society, largely because membership within a house cemetery was not solely defined on the basis of biological affinity, such as in a family group. Rather, it appears that social structure was centered on the house as the unifying social principle. The choice for interment location may have transcended biological lines thereby creating an alternate and more fluid definition of "kin." These findings can be used to understand the transition to settled life and biological patterning in this Neolithic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin A Pilloud
- Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central Identification Laboratory, Hickam AFB, HI 96853, USA.
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Klaus HD, Spencer Larsen C, Tam ME. Economic intensification and degenerative joint disease: life and labor on the postcontact north coast of Peru. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 139:204-21. [PMID: 19140181 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study tests the hypothesis that the colonial economy of the Lambayeque region of northern coastal Peru was associated with a mechanically strenuous lifestyle among the indigenous Mochica population. To test the hypothesis, we documented the changes in the prevalence of degenerative joint disease (or DJD) in human remains from the late pre-Hispanic and colonial Lambayeque Valley Complex. Comparisons were made using multivariate odds ratios calculated across four age classes and 11 principle joint systems corresponding to 113 late pre-Hispanic and 139 postcontact adult Mochica individuals. Statistically significant patterns of elevated postcontact DJD prevalence are observed in the joint systems of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and knee. More finely grained comparison between temporal phases indicates that increases in prevalence were focused immediately following contact in the Early/Middle Colonial period. Analysis of DJD by sex indicates postcontact males experienced greater DJD prevalence than females. Also, trends between pre- and postcontact females indicate nearly universally elevated DJD prevalence among native colonial women. Inferred altered behavioral uses of the upper body and knee are contextualized within ecological, ethnohistoric, and ethnoarchaeological frameworks and appear highly consistent with descriptions of the local postcontact economy. These patterns of DJD appear to stem from a synergism of broad, hemispheric level sociopolitical alterations, specific changes to Mochica activity and behavior, regional economic intensification, and local microenvironmental characteristics, which were all focused into these biological outcomes by the operation of a colonial Spanish political economy on the north coast of Peru from A.D. 1536 to 1751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haagen D Klaus
- Behavioral Science Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah 84058, USA.
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