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Tavella MP, García A, Pauro M, Demarchi DA, Nores R. Molecular polymorphisms of the ABO locus as informative markers of ancestry in Central Argentina. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Pía Tavella
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Angelina García
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Maia Pauro
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Darío A. Demarchi
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Nores
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), CONICET/Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
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Ancient DNA reveals selection acting on genes associated with hypoxia response in pre-Columbian Peruvian Highlanders in the last 8500 years. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23485. [PMID: 26996763 PMCID: PMC4800713 DOI: 10.1038/srep23485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological evidence shows that humans began living in the high altitude Andes approximately 12,000 years ago. Andean highlanders are known to have developed the most complex societies of pre-Columbian South America despite challenges to their health and reproductive success resulting from chronic exposure to hypoxia. While the physiological adaptations to this environmental stressor are well studied in contemporary Andean highlanders, the molecular evolutionary processes associated with such adaptations remain unclear. We aim to better understand how humans managed to demographically establish in this harsh environment by addressing a central question: did exposure to hypoxia drive adaptation via natural selection within Andean populations or did an existing phenotype –characterized by reduced susceptibility to hypoxic stress–enable human settlement of the Andes? We genotyped three variable loci within the NOS3 and EGLN1 genes previously associated with adaptation to high altitude in 150 ancient human DNA samples from Peruvian high altitude and coastal low altitude sites in a time frame between ~8500–560 BP. We compare the data of 109 successful samples to forward simulations of genetic drift with natural selection and find that selection, rather than drift, explains the gradual frequency changes observed in the highland populations for two of the three SNPs.
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Sandoval JR, Lacerda DR, Acosta O, Jota MS, Robles-Ruiz P, Salazar-Granara A, Vieira PPR, Paz-Y-Miño C, Fujita R, Santos FR. The Genetic History of Peruvian Quechua-Lamistas and Chankas: Uniparental DNA Patterns among Autochthonous Amazonian and Andean Populations. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:88-101. [PMID: 26879156 PMCID: PMC5111738 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the genetic history of the Quechua‐Lamistas, inhabitants of the Lamas Province in the San Martin Department, Peru, who speak their own distinct variety of the Quechua family of languages. It has been suggested that different pre‐Columbian ethnic groups from the Peruvian Amazonia, like the Motilones or “shaven heads”, assimilated the Quechua language and then formed the current native population of Lamas. However, many Quechua‐Lamistas claim to be direct descendants of the Chankas, a famous pre‐Columbian indigenous group that escaped from Inca rule in the Andes. To investigate the Quechua‐Lamistas and Chankas’ ancestries, we compared uniparental genetic profiles (17 STRs of Q‐M3 Y‐chromosome and mtDNA complete control region haplotypes) among autochthonous Amazonian and Andean populations from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. The phylogeographic and population genetic analyses indicate a fairly heterogeneous ancestry for the Quechua‐Lamistas, while they are closely related to their neighbours who speak Amazonian languages, presenting no direct relationships with populations from the region where the ancient Chankas lived. On the other hand, the genetic profiles of self‐identified Chanka descendants living in Andahuaylas (located in the Apurimac Department, Peru, in the Central Andes) were closely related to those living in Huancavelica and the assumed Chanka Confederation area before the Inca expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Sandoval
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru.,Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela R Lacerda
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Oscar Acosta
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Marilza S Jota
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo Robles-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alberto Salazar-Granara
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro Paulo R Vieira
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - César Paz-Y-Miño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo Fujita
- Centro de Genética y Biología Molecular (CGBM), Instituto de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - Fabricio R Santos
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Villanea FA, Safi KN, Busch JW. A General Model of Negative Frequency Dependent Selection Explains Global Patterns of Human ABO Polymorphism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125003. [PMID: 25946124 PMCID: PMC4422588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABO locus in humans is characterized by elevated heterozygosity and very similar allele frequencies among populations scattered across the globe. Using knowledge of ABO protein function, we generated a simple model of asymmetric negative frequency dependent selection and genetic drift to explain the maintenance of ABO polymorphism and its loss in human populations. In our models, regardless of the strength of selection, models with large effective population sizes result in ABO allele frequencies that closely match those observed in most continental populations. Populations must be moderately small to fall out of equilibrium and lose either the A or B allele (N(e) ≤ 50) and much smaller (N(e) ≤ 25) for the complete loss of diversity, which nearly always involved the fixation of the O allele. A pattern of low heterozygosity at the ABO locus where loss of polymorphism occurs in our model is consistent with small populations, such as Native American populations. This study provides a general evolutionary model to explain the observed global patterns of polymorphism at the ABO locus and the pattern of allele loss in small populations. Moreover, these results inform the range of population sizes associated with the recent human colonization of the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Villanea
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, Washington, 99164, United States of America
| | - Kristin N. Safi
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, PO Box 644910, Pullman, Washington, 99164, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah W. Busch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, Washington, 99164, United States of America
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Villanea FA, Bolnick DA, Monroe C, Worl R, Cambra R, Leventhal A, Kemp BM. Brief communication: Evolution of a specific O allele (O1vG542A) supports unique ancestry of Native Americans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:649-57. [PMID: 23868176 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the geographic and temporal distribution of a unique variant of the O blood group allele called O1v(G542A) , which has been shown to be shared among Native Americans but is rare in other populations. O1v(G542A) was previously reported in Native American populations in Mesoamerica and South America, and has been proposed as an ancestry informative marker. We investigated whether this allele is also found in the Tlingit and Haida, two contemporary indigenous populations from Alaska, and a pre-Columbian population from California. If O1v(G542A) is present in Na-Dene speakers (i.e., Tlingits), it would indicate that Na-Dene speaking groups share close ancestry with other Native American groups and support a Beringian origin of the allele, consistent with the Beringian Incubation Model. If O1v(G542A) is found in pre-Columbian populations, it would further support a Beringian origin of the allele, rather than a more recent introduction of the allele into the Americas via gene flow from one or more populations which have admixed with Native Americans over the past five centuries. We identified this allele in one Na-Dene population at a frequency of 0.11, and one ancient California population at a frequency of 0.20. Our results support a Beringian origin of O1v(G542A) , which is distributed today among all Native American groups that have been genotyped in appreciable numbers at this locus. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that Na-Dene and other Native American populations primarily derive their ancestry from a single source population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Villanea
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910, USA
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