1
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Duvinage D, Malaspina L, Grabowsky S, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Lewis Superacidic Divalent Bis(m‐terphenyl)element Cations [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2E]+ of Group 13 Revisited and Extended (E = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl)r. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefan Mebs
- Universitatsbibliothek der Freien Universitat Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Universitatsbibliothek Physik GERMANY
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Universität Bremen Institut fuer Biologie und Chemie Leobener Str. 28359 Bremen GERMANY
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2
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Ansmann N, Hartmann D, Sailer S, Erdmann P, Maskey R, Schorpp M, Greb L. Synthesis and Characterization of Hypercoordinated Silicon Anions: Catching Intermediates of Lewis Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203947. [PMID: 35438836 PMCID: PMC9325378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anionic hypercoordinated silicates with weak donors were proposed as key intermediates in numerous silicon-based reactions. However, their short-lived nature rendered even spectroscopic observations highly challenging. Here, we characterize hypercoordinated silicon anions, including the first bromido-, iodido-, formato-, acetato-, triflato- and sulfato-silicates. This is enabled by a new, donor-free polymeric form of Lewis superacidic bis(perchlorocatecholato)silane 1. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational insights allow a reassessment of Gutmann's empirical rules for the role of silicon hypercoordination in synthesis and catalysis. The electronic perturbations of 1 exerted on the bound anions indicate pronounced substrate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ansmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sonja Sailer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Philipp Erdmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rezisha Maskey
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Inorganic ChemistryFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstr. 34/3614195BerlinGermany
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3
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Reiß F, Villinger A, Brand H, Baumann W, Hollmann D, Schulz A. Low-Temperature Isolation of a Labile Silylated Hydrazinium-yl Radical Cation, [(Me 3 Si) 2 N-N(H)SiMe 3 ] .. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200854. [PMID: 35404528 PMCID: PMC9321631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of silylated hydrazine, (Me3 Si)2 N-N(H)SiMe3 , with silver salts led to the formation of a highly labile hydrazinium-yl radical cation, [(Me3 Si)2 N-N(H)SiMe3 ].+ , at very low temperatures (decomposition > -40 °C). EPR, NMR, DFT and Raman studies revealed the formation of a nitrogen-centered radical cation along the N-N unit of the hydrazine. In the presence of the weakly coordinating anion [Al{OCH(CF3 )2 }4 ]- , crystallization and structural characterization in the solid state were achieved. The hydrazinium-yl radical cation has a significantly shortened N-N bond and a nearly planar N2 Si3 framework, in contrast to the starting material. According to DFT calculations, the shortened N-N bond has a total bond order of 1.5 with a π-bond order of 0.5. The π bond can be regarded as a three-π-electron, two-center bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Harald Brand
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Dirk Hollmann
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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4
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Ansmann N, Hartmann D, Sailer S, Erdmann P, Maskey R, Schorpp M, Greb L. Synthesis and Characterization of Hypercoordinated Silicon Anions: Catching Intermediates of Lewis Base Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ansmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sonja Sailer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Philipp Erdmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rezisha Maskey
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Inorganic Chemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstr. 34/36 14195 Berlin Germany
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5
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Keck C, Hahn J, Gupta D, Bettinger HF. Solution Phase Reactivity of Dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine: Activation and Insertion into Si-E Single Bonds (E=H, OSi(CH 3 ) 3 , F, Cl) by a BN-Aryne. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103614. [PMID: 34854508 PMCID: PMC9299606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The boron-nitrogen analogue of ortho-benzyne, 1,2-azaborinine, is a reactive intermediate that features a formal boron-nitrogen triple bond. We here show by combining experimental and computational techniques that the Lewis acidity of the boron center of dibenzo[c,e][1,2]azaborinine allows interaction with the silicon containing single bonds Si-E through the silicon bonding partner E (E=F, Cl, OR, H). The binding to boron activates the Si-E bonds for subsequent insertion reaction. This shows that the BN-aryne is a ferocious species that even can activate and insert into the very strong Si-F bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Keck
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Jennifer Hahn
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Divanshu Gupta
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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6
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Hoffmann KF, Wiesner A, Müller C, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Kazim M, Pitts CR, Lectka T, Riedel S. Structural proof of a [C-F-C] + fluoronium cation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5275. [PMID: 34489464 PMCID: PMC8421340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic fluoronium ions can be described as positively charged molecules in which the most electronegative and least polarizable element fluorine engages in two partially covalent bonding interactions to two carbon centers. While recent solvolysis experiments and NMR spectroscopic studies on a metastable [C–F–C]+ fluoronium ion strongly support the divalent fluoronium structure over the alternative rapidly equilibrating classical carbocation, the model system has, to date, eluded crystallographic analysis to confirm this phenomenon in the solid state. Herein, we report the single crystal structure of a symmetrical [C–F–C]+ fluoronium cation. Besides its synthesis and crystallographic characterization as the [Sb2F11]− salt, vibrational spectra are discussed and a detailed analysis concerning the nature of the bonding situation in this fluoronium ion and its heavier halonium homologues is performed, which provides detailed insights on this molecular structure. Unlike other halogen atoms, the ability for fluorine to exist in a [C–X–C]+ connectivity pattern has only been shown in spectroscopic studies. Here the authors present a single crystal structure of a fluoronium cation, characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt F Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Wiesner
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Kazim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylated Sulfuric Acid: Preparation of a Tris(trimethylsilyl)oxosulfonium [(Me 3 Si-O) 3 SO] + Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13798-13802. [PMID: 33913571 PMCID: PMC8251596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of silylated sulfuric acid, O2 S(OSiMe3 )2 (T2 SO4 , T=Me3 Si; also known as bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate), has been studied in detail with the aim of synthesizing the formal autosilylation products of silylated sulfuric acid, [T3 SO4 ]+ and [TSO4 ]- , in analogy to the known protonated species, [H3 SO4 ]+ and [HSO4 ]- . The synthesis of the [TSO4 ]- ion only succeeds when a base, such as OPMe3 that forms a weakly coordinating cation upon silylation, is reacted with T2 SO4 , resulting in the formation of [Me3 POT]+ [TSO4 ]- . [T3 SO4 ]+ salts could be isolated starting from T2 SO4 in the reaction with [T-H-T]+ [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- or T+ [CHB11 Br6 H5 ]- when a weakly coordinating anion is used as counterion. All silylated compounds could be crystallized and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Rene Labbow
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
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8
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylierte Schwefelsäure: Herstellung eines Tris(trimethylsilyl)oxosulfonium[(Me
3
Si‐O)
3
SO]
+
‐Salzes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Rene Labbow
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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9
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Bläsing K, Bresien J, Maurer S, Schulz A, Villinger A. Trimethylsilyl Pseudohalide Adducts of GaCl
3
and B(C
6
F
5
)
3. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Steffen Maurer
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Materialdesign Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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10
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Merk A, Bührmann L, Kordts N, Görtemaker K, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Intramolecular Halo Stabilization of Silyl Cations-Silylated Halonium- and Bis-Halo-Substituted Siliconium Borates. Chemistry 2021; 27:3496-3503. [PMID: 33184927 PMCID: PMC7898513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The stabilizing neighboring effect of halo substituents on silyl cations was tested for a series of peri‐halo substituted acenaphthyl‐based silyl cations 3. The chloro‐ (3 b), bromo‐ (3 c), and iodo‐ (3 d) stabilized cations were synthesized by the Corey protocol. Structural and NMR spectroscopic investigations for cations 3 b–d supported by the results of density functional calculations, which indicate their halonium ion nature. According to the fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) method, the silyl Lewis acidity decreases along the series of halonium ions 3, the fluoronium ion 3 a being a very strong and the iodonium ion 3 d a moderate Lewis acid. Halonium ions 3 b and 3 c react with starting silanes in a substituent redistribution reaction and form siliconium ions 4 b and 4 c. The structure of siliconium borate 4 c2[B12Br12] reveals the trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment of the silicon atom with the two bromo substituents in the apical positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Merk
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Lukas Bührmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Natalie Kordts
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Katharina Görtemaker
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
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11
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Bläsing K, Harloff J, Schulz A, Stoffers A, Stoer P, Villinger A. Salze von HCN‐Cyanid‐Aggregaten: [CN(HCN)
2
]
−
und [CN(HCN)
3
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Jörg Harloff
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Materialdesign Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alrik Stoffers
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Philip Stoer
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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12
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Bläsing K, Harloff J, Schulz A, Stoffers A, Stoer P, Villinger A. Salts of HCN-Cyanide Aggregates: [CN(HCN) 2 ] - and [CN(HCN) 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10508-10513. [PMID: 32027458 PMCID: PMC7317722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although pure hydrogen cyanide can spontaneously polymerize or even explode, when initiated by small amounts of bases (e.g. CN- ), the reaction of liquid HCN with [WCC]CN (WCC=weakly coordinating cation=Ph4 P, Ph3 PNPPh3 =PNP) was investigated. Depending on the cation, it was possible to extract salts containing the formal dihydrogen tricyanide [CN(HCN)2 ]- and trihydrogen tetracyanide ions [CN(HCN)3 ]- from liquid HCN when a fast crystallization was carried out at low temperatures. X-ray structure elucidation revealed hydrogen-bridged linear [CN(HCN)2 ]- and Y-shaped [CN(HCN)3 ]- molecular ions in the crystal. Both anions can be considered members of highly labile cyanide-HCN solvates of the type [CN(HCN)n ]- (n=1, 2, 3 …) as well as formal polypseudohalide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jörg Harloff
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alrik Stoffers
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Philip Stoer
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische ChemieInstitut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
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13
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A, Walker S. On Silylated Oxonium and Sulfonium Ions and Their Interaction with Weakly Coordinating Borate Anions. Chemistry 2020; 26:1640-1652. [PMID: 31738450 PMCID: PMC7028070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Attempts have been made to prepare salts with the labile tris(trimethylsilyl)chalconium ions, [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ (E=O, S), by reacting [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] and Me3 Si[CB] (CB- =carborate=[CHB11 H5 Cl6 ]- , [CHB11 Cl11 ]- ) with Me3 Si-E-SiMe3 . In the reaction of Me3 Si-O-SiMe3 with [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ], a ligand exchange was observed in the [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ]+ cation leading to the surprising formation of the persilylated [(Me3 Si)2 (Me2 (H)Si)O]+ oxonium ion in a formal [Me2 (H)Si]+ instead of the desired [Me3 Si]+ transfer reaction. In contrast, the expected homoleptic persilylated [(Me3 Si)3 S]+ ion was formed and isolated as [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- and [CB]- salt, when Me3 Si-S-SiMe3 was treated with either [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] or Me3 Si[CB]. However, the addition of Me3 Si[CB] to Me3 Si-O-SiMe3 unexpectedly led to the release of Me4 Si with simultaneous formation of a cyclic dioxonium dication of the type [Me3 Si-μO-SiMe2 ]2 [CB]2 in an anion-mediated reaction. DFT studies on structure, bonding and thermodynamics of the [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ and [(Me3 Si)2 (Me2 (H)Si)E]+ ion formation are presented as well as mechanistic investigations on the template-driven transformation of the [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ ion into a cyclic dichalconium dication [Me3 Si-μE-SiMe2 ]2 2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Rene Labbow
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Svenja Walker
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
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14
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Olaru M, Kögel JF, Aoki R, Sakamoto R, Nishihara H, Lork E, Mebs S, Vogt M, Beckmann J. Tri- and Tetranuclear Metal-String Complexes with Metallophilic d 10 -d 10 Interactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:275-284. [PMID: 31584732 PMCID: PMC6972983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 2,6-F2 C6 H3 SiMe3 with Ph2 PLi provided 2,6-(Ph2 P)2 C6 H3 SiMe3 (1), which can be regarded as precursor for the novel anionic tridentate ligand [2,6-(Ph2 P)2 C6 H3 ]- (PCP)- . The reaction of 1 with [AuCl(tht)] (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) afforded 2,6-(Ph2 PAuCl)2 C6 H3 SiMe3 (2). The subsequent reaction of 2 with CsF proceeded with elimination of Me3 SiF and yielded the neutral tetranuclear complex linear-[Au4 Cl2 (PCP)2 ] (3) comprising a string-like arrangement of four Au atoms. Upon chloride abstraction from 3 with NaBArF 4 (ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ) in the presence of tht, the formation of the dicationic tetranuclear complex linear-[Au4 (PCP)2 (tht)2 ](BArF 4 )2 (4) was observed, in which the string-like structural motif is retained. Irradiation of 4 with UV light triggered a facile rearrangement in solution giving rise to the dicationic tetranuclear complex cyclo-[Au4 (PCP)2 (tht)2 ](BArF 4 ) (5), which comprises a rhomboidal motif of four Au atoms. In 3-5, the Au atoms are associated by a number of significant aurophilic interactions. The atom-economic and selective reaction of 3 with HgCl2 yielded the neutral trinuclear bimetallic complex [HgAu2 Cl3 (PCP)] (6) comprising significant metallophilic interactions between the Au and Hg atoms. Therefore, 6 may be also regarded as a metallopincer complex [ClHg(AuCAu)] between HgII and the anionic tridentate ligand [2,6-(Ph2 PAuCl)2 C6 H3 ]- (AuCAu)- containing a central carbanionic binding site and two "gold-arms" contributing pincer-type chelation trough metallophilic interactions. Compounds 1-6 were characterized experimentally by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography and computationally using a set of real-space bond indicators (RSBIs) derived from electron density (ED) methods including Atoms In Molecules (AIM), the Electron Localizability Indicator (ELI-D) as well as the Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Julius F. Kögel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Risa Aoki
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
- JST-PRESTO4-1-8, Honcho, KawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceThe University of Tokyo7-3-1, HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für ExperimentalphysikFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Strasse 728359BremenGermany
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15
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Tomar P, Braun T, Kemnitz E. Preparation of NHC Stabilized Al(III)fluorides: Fluorination of [(SIMes)AlMe
3
] with SF
4
or Me
3
SnF. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Tomar
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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16
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Hämmerling S, Thiele G, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Müller C, Riedel S. A Very Strong Methylation Agent: [Me 2 Cl][Al(OTeF 5 ) 4 ]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9807-9810. [PMID: 31050103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new chloronium-containing salt, [Me2 Cl][Al(OTeF5 )4 ], was synthesized on multigram scale by means of a simple one-pot procedure. The isolated product can be handled at room temperature and used as a strong electrophilic methylation agent. This is demonstrated by the methylation of the very weak bases P(CF3 )3 , PF3 , MeI, and MeBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hämmerling
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Thiele
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr.34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Hämmerling S, Thiele G, Steinhauer S, Beckers H, Müller C, Riedel S. Ein sehr starkes Methylierungsmittel: [Me
2
Cl][Al(OTeF
5
)
4
]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hämmerling
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Günther Thiele
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Simon Steinhauer
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Beckers
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Carsten Müller
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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18
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Olaru M, Schröder A, Albers L, Duvinage D, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Functionalized Fluorophosphonium Ions. Chemistry 2019; 25:9861-9865. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Artem Schröder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für ChemieCarl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für ExperimentalphysikFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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19
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Poleschner H, Seppelt K. Seleniranium and Telluriranium Salts. Chemistry 2018; 24:17155-17161. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Poleschner
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieAnorganische ChemieFreie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Konrad Seppelt
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieAnorganische ChemieFreie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
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20
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Die Schöne (WCA) und das (kationische) Biest: Neues aus der Chemie von und mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
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21
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Taming the Cationic Beast: Novel Developments in the Synthesis and Application of Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13982-14024. [PMID: 29266644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review gives a comprehensive overview of the most topical weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) and contains information on WCA design, stability, and applications. As an update to the 2004 review, developments in common classes of WCA are included. Methods for the incorporation of WCAs into a given system are discussed and advice given on how to best choose a method for the introduction of a particular WCA. A series of starting materials for a large number of WCA precursors and references are tabulated as a useful resource when looking for procedures to prepare WCAs. Furthermore, a collection of scales that allow the performance of a WCA, or its underlying Lewis acid, to be judged is collated with some advice on how to use them. The examples chosen to illustrate WCA developments are taken from a broad selection of topics where WCAs play a role. In addition a section focusing on transition metal and catalysis applications as well as supporting electrolytes is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Hepp A, Labbow R, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Carba-closo
-dodecaborates - Synthesis, Structure, and Energetics. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Correnstrasse 28-30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - René Labbow
- Institut für Chemie; Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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23
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Bolli C, Derendorf J, Jenne C, Keßler M. Halogenatedcloso-Dodecaborate Anions Stabilize Weakly Bound [(Me3NH)3X]2+(X = Cl, Br) Dications in the Solid State. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bolli
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Janis Derendorf
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Mathias Keßler
- Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Anorganische Chemie; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaussstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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24
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Pommerening P, Mohr J, Friebel J, Oestreich M. Synthesis of a Chiral Borate Counteranion, Its Trityl Salt, and Application Thereof in Lewis‐Acid Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pommerening
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Mohr
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jonas Friebel
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Germany
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25
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Labbow R, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Isolierung labiler NSO-Pseudohalogen-Spezies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Labbow
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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26
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Labbow R, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Isolation of Labile Pseudohalogen NSO Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7680-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Labbow
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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27
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Bläsing K, Ellinger S, Harloff J, Schulz A, Sievert K, Täschler C, Villinger A, Zur Täschler C. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyanidophosphates. Chemistry 2016; 22:4175-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Jörg Harloff
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Abteilung Materialdesign; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Katharina Sievert
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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28
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Ducos P, Liautard V, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silylium Ions. Chemistry 2015; 21:11573-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ducos
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - V. Liautard
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - F. Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - Y. Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
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29
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Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Diazene Adducts: Isolation ofiso-Diazene Stabilized as a Borane Adduct. Chemistry 2014; 20:11800-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Wu N, Wahl B, Woodward S, Lewis W. 1,4-Addition of TMSCCl₃ to nitroalkenes: efficient reaction conditions and mechanistic understanding. Chemistry 2014; 20:7718-24. [PMID: 24849249 PMCID: PMC4586478 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Improved synthetic conditions allow preparation of TMSCCl3 in good yield (70%) and excellent purity. Compounds of the type NBu4X [X=Ph3SiF2 (TBAT), F (tetrabutylammonium fluoride, TBAF), OAc, Cl and Br] act as catalytic promoters for 1,4-additions to a range of cyclic and acyclic nitroalkenes, in THF at 0-25 °C, typically in moderate to excellent yields (37-95%). TBAT is the most effective promoter and bromide the least effective. Multinuclear NMR studies ((1)H, (19)F, (13)C and (29)Si) under anaerobic conditions indicate that addition of TMSCCl3 to TBAT (both 0.13 M) at -20 °C, in the absence of nitroalkene, leads immediately to mixtures of Me3SiF, Ph3SiF and NBu4CCl3. The latter is stable to at least 0 °C and does not add nitroalkene from -20 to 0 °C, even after extended periods. Nitroalkene, in the presence of TMSCCl3 (both 0.13 M at -20 °C), when treated with TBAT, leads to immediate formation of the 1,4-addition product, suggesting the reaction proceeds via a transient [Me3Si(alkene)CCl3] species, in which (alkene) indicates an Si⋅⋅⋅O coordinated nitroalkene. The anaerobic catalytic chain is propagated through the kinetic nitronate anion resulting from 1,4 CCl3(-) addition to the nitroalkene. This is demonstrated by the fact that isolated NBu4[CH2=NO2] is an efficient promoter. Use of H2C=CH(CH2)2CH=CHNO2 in air affords radical-derived bicyclic products arising from aerobic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Benoit Wahl
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - Simon Woodward
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham NG7 2RD (UK)
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University ParkNottingham NG7 2RD (UK)
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31
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Baumann W, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Isolation of a labile homoleptic diazenium cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3250-3. [PMID: 24532131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Following our interest in nitrogen chemistry, we now describe the synthesis, structure, and bonding of labile disilylated diazene, its GaCl3 adduct, and the intriguing trisilylated diazenium ion [(Me3 Si)2 NN-SiMe3 ](+), a dark blue and highly labile (Tdecomp >-30 °C) homoleptic cation of the type [R3 N2 ](+). Although direct silylation of Me3 Si-N=N-SiMe3 failed, the [(Me3 Si)2 N=N-SiMe3](+) ion was generated in a straightforward two-electron oxidation reaction from mercury(II) dihydrazide and Ag[GaCl4]. Moreover, previous structure data of Me3 Si-NN-SiMe3 were revised on the basis of new data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Baumann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Deutschland) http://www.chemie.uni-rostock.de/ac/schulz; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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32
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Baumann W, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Die Isolierung eines labilen homoleptischen Diazeniumkations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schulz A, Villinger A. “Tamed” Silylium Ions: Versatile in Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4526-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schulz A, Villinger A. “Gezähmte” Silyliumionen: vielseitig einsetzbar in der Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chapman AM, Haddow MF, Wass DF. Cationic Group 4 Metallocene-(o-Phosphanylaryl)oxido Complexes: Synthetic Routes to Transition-Metal Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ibad MF, Langer P, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylium–Arene Adducts: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:21016-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Langer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Axel Schulz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Axel Schulz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Duttwyler S, Douvris C, Fackler NLP, Tham FS, Reed CA, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. CF Activation of Fluorobenzene by Silylium Carboranes: Evidence for Incipient Phenyl Cation Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Duttwyler S, Douvris C, Fackler NLP, Tham FS, Reed CA, Baldridge KK, Siegel JS. CF Activation of Fluorobenzene by Silylium Carboranes: Evidence for Incipient Phenyl Cation Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7519-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kessler M, Knapp C, Sagawe V, Scherer H, Uzun R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Silylium Compounds of the Weakly Coordinating Dianion [B12Cl12]2−. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:5223-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100337k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kessler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Carsten Knapp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Vanessa Sagawe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | - Rabiya Uzun
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany
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Schulz A, Villinger A. Pseudohalonium Ions: [Me3Si-X-SiMe3]+(X=CN, OCN, SCN, and NNN). Chemistry 2010; 16:7276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bolli C, Derendorf J, Keßler M, Knapp C, Scherer H, Schulz C, Warneke J. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Reactivity of the Strong Methylating Agent Me2B12Cl12. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3536-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bolli C, Derendorf J, Keßler M, Knapp C, Scherer H, Schulz C, Warneke J. Synthese, Kristallstruktur und Reaktivität des starken Methylierungsmittels Me2B12Cl12. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schulz A, Thomas J, Villinger A. Preparation and characterization of [CF3SO3(SiMe3)2]+[B(C6F5)4]−. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3696-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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