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Miao Q, Nitsche C, Orton H, Overhand M, Otting G, Ubbink M. Paramagnetic Chemical Probes for Studying Biological Macromolecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9571-9642. [PMID: 35084831 PMCID: PMC9136935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paramagnetic chemical probes have been used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for more than four decades. Recent years witnessed a great increase in the variety of probes for the study of biological macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and oligosaccharides). This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing paramagnetic chemical probes, including chemical synthetic approaches, functional properties, and selected applications. Recent developments have seen, in particular, a rapid expansion of the range of lanthanoid probes with anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities for the generation of structural restraints based on residual dipolar couplings and pseudocontact shifts in solution and solid state NMR spectroscopy, mostly for protein studies. Also many new isotropic paramagnetic probes, suitable for NMR measurements of paramagnetic relaxation enhancements, as well as EPR spectroscopic studies (in particular double resonance techniques) have been developed and employed to investigate biological macromolecules. Notwithstanding the large number of reported probes, only few have found broad application and further development of probes for dedicated applications is foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- School
of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Henry Orton
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science,
Research School of Chemistry, Australian
National University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Overhand
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research
School of Chemistry, The Australian National
University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide & Protein Science,
Research School of Chemistry, Australian
National University, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
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Miao Q, Liu WM, Kock T, Blok A, Timmer M, Overhand M, Ubbink M. A Double-Armed, Hydrophilic Transition Metal Complex as a Paramagnetic NMR Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13093-13100. [PMID: 31314159 PMCID: PMC6771572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic metal complexes can be used as paramagnetic probes for the study of proteins and protein complexes. Herein, two transition metal NMR probes (TraNPs) are reported. TraNPs are attached through two arms to a protein to generate a pseudocontact shift (PCS) using cobalt(II), or paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) with manganese(II). The PCS analysis of TraNPs attached to three different proteins shows that the size of the anisotropic component of the magnetic susceptibility depends on the probe surroundings at the surface of the protein, contrary to what is observed for lanthanoid‐based probes. The observed PCS are relatively small, making cobalt‐based probes suitable for localized studies, such as of an active site. The obtained PREs are stronger than those obtained with nitroxide spin labels and the possibility to generate both PCS and PRE offers advantages. The properties of TraNPs in comparison with other cobalt‐based probes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wei-Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New, Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Kock
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes Blok
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Timmer
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Overhand
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Miao Q, Liu W, Kock T, Blok A, Timmer M, Overhand M, Ubbink M. A Double‐Armed, Hydrophilic Transition Metal Complex as a Paramagnetic NMR Probe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Wei‐Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry Fu Jen Catholic University No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 24205 Taiwan
| | - Thomas Kock
- Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Anneloes Blok
- Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Monika Timmer
- Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Mark Overhand
- Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marcellus Ubbink
- Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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Bahramzadeh A, Jiang H, Huber T, Otting G. Two Histidines in an α‐Helix: A Rigid Co
2+
‐Binding Motif for PCS Measurements by NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahramzadeh
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Hailun Jiang
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Bahramzadeh A, Jiang H, Huber T, Otting G. Two Histidines in an α‐Helix: A Rigid Co
2+
‐Binding Motif for PCS Measurements by NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6226-6229. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahramzadeh
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Hailun Jiang
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Thomas Huber
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Gottfried Otting
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Swarbrick JD, Ung P, Dennis ML, Lee MD, Chhabra S, Graham B. Installation of a Rigid EDTA-Like Motif into a Protein α-Helix for Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy with Cobalt(II) Ions. Chemistry 2015; 22:1228-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Swarbrick
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - Phuc Ung
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew L. Dennis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - Michael D. Lee
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; 381 Royal Parade Parkville 3052 Victoria Australia
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Canales A, Mallagaray A, Pérez-Castells J, Boos I, Unverzagt C, André S, Gabius HJ, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Breaking Pseudo-Symmetry in Multiantennary Complex N-Glycans Using Lanthanide-Binding Tags and NMR Pseudo-Contact Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Canales A, Mallagaray A, Pérez-Castells J, Boos I, Unverzagt C, André S, Gabius HJ, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Breaking Pseudo-Symmetry in Multiantennary Complex N-Glycans Using Lanthanide-Binding Tags and NMR Pseudo-Contact Shifts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13789-93. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Liu X, Li J, Hu C, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Hu M, Zhou J, Wang J. Significant Expansion of the Fluorescent Protein Chromophore through the Genetic Incorporation of a Metal-Chelating Unnatural Amino Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4805-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Liu X, Li J, Hu C, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Hu M, Zhou J, Wang J. Significant Expansion of the Fluorescent Protein Chromophore through the Genetic Incorporation of a Metal-Chelating Unnatural Amino Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wei Z, Yang Y, Li QF, Huang F, Zuo HH, Su XC. Noncovalent Tagging Proteins with Paramagnetic Lanthanide Complexes for Protein Study. Chemistry 2013; 19:5758-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loscha KV, Herlt AJ, Qi R, Huber T, Ozawa K, Otting G. Multiple-site labeling of proteins with unnatural amino acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:2243-6. [PMID: 22298420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin V Loscha
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Loscha KV, Herlt AJ, Qi R, Huber T, Ozawa K, Otting G. Mehrfache Markierung von Proteinen mit nichtnatürlichen Aminosäuren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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