1
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Harimoto T, Ishigaki Y. Redox‐Active Hydrocarbons: Isolation and Structural Determination of Cationic States toward Advanced Response Systems. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science JAPAN
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science North 10, West 8, North-ward 060-0810 Sapporo JAPAN
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2
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono‐, Di‐, and Triply‐Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge‐Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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3
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Spisak SN, Zhou Z, Liu S, Xu Q, Wei Z, Kato K, Segawa Y, Itami K, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Generation of Mono-, Di-, and Triply-Reduced Warped Nanographenes: Charge-Dependent Aromaticity, Surface Nonequivalence, Swing Distortion, and Metal Binding Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25445-25453. [PMID: 34554612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise chemical reduction of a molecular warped nanographene (WNG) having a negatively curved π-surface and defined C80 H30 composition with Cs metal used as the reducing and complexing agent allowed the isolation of three different reduced states with one, two, and three electrons added to its π-conjugated system. This provided a unique series of nanosized carbanions with increasing negative charge for in-depth structural analysis of consequences of controlled electron charging of non-planar nanographenes, using X-ray crystallographic and computational tools. The 3D molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps identified the negative charge localization at the central part of the WNG surface where selective coordination of Cs+ ions is confirmed crystallographically. In-depth theoretical investigation revealed a complex response of the WNG to the stepwise electron acquisition. The extended and contorted π-surface of the WNG undergoes subtle swinging distortions that are accompanied by notable changes in the electronic structure and site-dependent aromaticity of the resulting carbanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Kenta Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST, ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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4
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Renner R, Stolte M, Würthner F. Self-Assembly of Bowl-Shaped Naphthalimide-Annulated Corannulene. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:32-39. [PMID: 31921543 PMCID: PMC6946951 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of a bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene of high solubility has been studied in a variety of solvents by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Evaluation by the anti-cooperative K2-K model revealed the formation of supramolecular dimers of outstanding thermodynamic stability. Further structural proof for the almost exclusive formation of dimers over extended aggregates is demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) measurements as well as by theoretical calculations. Thus, herein we present the first report of a supramolecular dimer of an annulated corannulene derivative in solution and discuss its extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability with association constants up to >106 M-1 in methylcyclohexane, which is comparable to the association constants given for planar phthalocyanine and perylene bisimide dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Renner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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5
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Rogachev AY, Alkan M, Li J, Liu S, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Mono-reduced Corannulene: To Couple and Not to Couple in One Crystal. Chemistry 2019; 25:14140-14147. [PMID: 31390107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
One-electron reduction of corannulene, C20 H10 , with Li metal in diglyme resulted in crystallization of [{Li+ (diglyme)2 }4 (C20 H10 .- )2 (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- ] (1), as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This hybrid product contains two corannulene monoanion-radicals along with a dianionic dimer, crystallized with four Li+ ions wrapped by diglyme molecules. The dimeric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- anion provides the first crystallographically confirmed example of spontaneous radical dimerization for C20 H10 .- . The C-C bond length between the two C20 H10 .- bowls of 1.588(5) Å is consistent with the single σ-bond character of the linker. The trans-disposition of two bowls in the centrosymmetric (C20 H10 -C20 H10 )2- dimer is observed with the torsion angle around the central C-C bond of 180°. Comprehensive theoretical analysis of formation/decomposition processes of the dimeric dianion has been carried out in order to evaluate the nature of bonding and energetics of the C20 H10 .- coupling. It is found that such σ-bonded dimers are thermodynamically unstable due to large preparation energy and repulsive Pauli component of the bonding, but kinetically persistent due to a high energy barrier provided by the existing spin-crossing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Shuyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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6
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Liu S, Chen D, Tang C, Qiu Z, Zhu J, Tan Y. Bowl Inversion in an Exo‐type Supramolecule in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yu‐Qian Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shun‐He Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Chun Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhen‐Lin Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuan‐Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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7
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Liu YM, Huang YQ, Liu SH, Chen D, Tang C, Qiu ZL, Zhu J, Tan YZ. Bowl Inversion in an Exo-type Supramolecule in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13276-13279. [PMID: 31325206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bowl inversion is a unique property of buckybowls. The polarity and assembly configuration of buckybowls are reversed after bowl inversion. So far, this unique phenomenon has been studied in solution and on surface, but not in solid state due to spatial constraint. Now a series of exo-type supramolecular assemblies of trithiasumanene and nanographene are investigated. Tuning the electron density of the nanogaphene component was found to directly affect the binding constant of the complex. Reversible bowl inversion in the solid state was then successfully achieved by subjecting the trithiasumanene-nanographene assembly with the weakest binding strength to repeated heating-cooling cycles, which was unambiguously observed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Qian Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shun-He Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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8
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tokimaru Y, Ito S, Nozaki K, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Reduction of Azapentabenzocorannulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yuki Tokimaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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9
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tokimaru Y, Ito S, Nozaki K, Petrukhina MA. Stepwise Reduction of Azapentabenzocorannulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12107-12111. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yuki Tokimaru
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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10
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Martina U. Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany; State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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11
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Spisak SN, Bühringer MU, Wei Z, Zhou Z, Tykwinski RR, Petrukhina MA. Structural and Electronic Effects of Stepwise Reduction of a Tetraaryl[3]Cumulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2023-2028. [PMID: 30560557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of a [3]cumulene ([3]TrTol) has been explored using alkali metals. Mono- and doubly reduced forms of [3]TrTol were isolated as solvent-separated ion pairs with {Na(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ and {K(18-crown-6)THF2 }+ counterions and crystallographically characterized. This allowed analysis of structural parameters of the "naked" anions of [3]TrTol without interference from metal binding. The dianion of [3]TrTol was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with {Cs(18-crown-6)}+ cations, thereby adding the effect of metal coordination to the core. Structural comparisons of anions to the neutral molecule, [3]TrTol, outline monotonic increases in bond-length alternation (BLA) upon stepwise reduction. The greatest BLA value is found for the contact-ion complex, which shows an alternating sequence of short and long carbon-carbon bonds, consistent with the structure of an alkyne. In contrast to studies on tetraphenyl[3]cumulene, the cumulenic framework of [3]TrTol remains planar in all the derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Martina U Bühringer
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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12
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Zhou Z, Spisak SN, Xu Q, Rogachev AY, Wei Z, Marcaccio M, Petrukhina MA. Fusing a Planar Group to a π-Bowl: Electronic and Molecular Structure, Aromaticity and Solid-State Packing of Naphthocorannulene and its Anions. Chemistry 2018; 24:3455-3463. [PMID: 29328530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular and electronic structure, reduction electron transfer and coordination abilities of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) having a planar naphtho-group fused to the corannulene bowl have been investigated for the first time using a combination of theoretical and experimental tools. A direct comparison of naphtho[2,3-a]corannulene (C28 H14 , 1) with parent corannulene (C20 H10 , 2) revealed the effect of framework topology change on electronic properties and aromaticity of 1. The presence of two reduction steps for 1 was predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. Two reversible one-electron reduction processes with the formal reduction potentials at -2.30 and -2.77 V versus Fc+/0 were detected by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, demonstrating accessibility of the corresponding mono- and dianionic states of 1. The products of the singly and doubly reduced napththocorannulene were prepared using chemical reduction with Group 1 metals and isolated as sodium and rubidium salts. Their X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of "naked" mono- and dianions crystallized as solvent-separated ion products with one or two sodium cations as [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ][C28 H14- ] and [Na+ (18-crown-6)(THF)2 ]2 [C28 H142- ] (3⋅THF and 4⋅THF, respectively). The dianion of 1 was also isolated as a contact-ion complex with two rubidium countercations, [{Rb+ (18-crown-6)}2 (C28 H142- )] (5⋅THF). The structural consequences of adding one and two electrons to the carbon framework of 1 are compared for 3, 4 and 5. Changes in aromaticity and charge distribution stemming from the stepwise electron acquisition are discussed based on DFT computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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13
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Dressler JJ, Zhou Z, Marshall JL, Kishi R, Takamuku S, Wei Z, Spisak SN, Nakano M, Petrukhina MA, Haley MM. Synthesis of the Unknown Indeno[1,2‐
a
]fluorene Regioisomer: Crystallographic Characterization of Its Dianion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Dressler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University of Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222-0100 USA
| | - Jonathan L. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Institute Graduate School of Engineering Science Institute Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Shota Takamuku
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Institute Graduate School of Engineering Science Institute Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University of Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222-0100 USA
| | - Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry University of Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222-0100 USA
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Institute Graduate School of Engineering Science Institute Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University of Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222-0100 USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403-1253 USA
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14
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Dressler JJ, Zhou Z, Marshall JL, Kishi R, Takamuku S, Wei Z, Spisak SN, Nakano M, Petrukhina MA, Haley MM. Synthesis of the Unknown Indeno[1,2-a]fluorene Regioisomer: Crystallographic Characterization of Its Dianion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15363-15367. [PMID: 28985444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Of the five possible indenofluorene regioisomers, examples of a fully conjugated indeno[1,2-a]fluorene scaffold have so far remained elusive. This work reports the preparation and characterization of 7,12-dimesitylindeno[1,2-a]fluorene as a highly reactive species. Experimental and computational data support the notion of a molecule with pronounced diradical character that exists in a triplet ground state. As such, both NICS and ACID calculations suggest that the indeno[1,2-a]fluorene scaffold is weakly Baird aromatic. Reduction of the unstable red solid with Cs metal produces the dianion of the title compound, from which single crystals could be obtained and X-ray data acquired, thus fully corroborating the proposed indeno[1,2-a]fluorene hydrocarbon core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Dressler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Institute, Graduate School of Engineering Science Institute, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shota Takamuku
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Institute, Graduate School of Engineering Science Institute, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Sarah N Spisak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Institute, Graduate School of Engineering Science Institute, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12222-0100, USA
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1253, USA
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15
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2582-2587. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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16
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Spisak SN, Wei Z, Rogachev AY, Amaya T, Hirao T, Petrukhina MA. Double Concave Cesium Encapsulation by Two Charged Sumanenyl Bowls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Spisak
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research; Osaka University; Mihoga-oka, Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry; University at Albany, State University of New York; 1400 Washington Avenue Albany NY 12222 USA
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17
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Filatov AS, Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Clamshell Opening in the Mixed-Metal Supramolecular Aggregates Formed by Fourfold Reduced Corannulene for Maximizing Intercalated Metal Content. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Filatov AS, Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Clamshell Opening in the Mixed-Metal Supramolecular Aggregates Formed by Fourfold Reduced Corannulene for Maximizing Intercalated Metal Content. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:140-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Zabula AV, Filatov AS, Xia J, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Tightening of the Nanobelt upon Multielectron Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Zabula AV, Filatov AS, Xia J, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Tightening of the nanobelt upon multielectron reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5033-6. [PMID: 23564669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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21
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Pentadecker Supramolecules with a Lithium Alkoxo Nanobelt Sandwiched between Two Highly Charged Buckybowl Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Petrukhina MA. Pentadecker Supramolecules with a Lithium Alkoxo Nanobelt Sandwiched between Two Highly Charged Buckybowl Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12194-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Filatov AS, Sumner NJ, Spisak SN, Zabula AV, Rogachev AY, Petrukhina MA. Jahn-Teller Effect in Circulenes: X-ray Diffraction Study of Coronene and Corannulene Radical Anions. Chemistry 2012; 18:15753-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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Zabula AV, Sumner NJ, Filatov AS, Spisak SN, Grigoryants VM, Petrukhina MA. Reshaping Rubrene by Controlled Reduction with Alkali Metals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Zabula AV, Spisak SN, Filatov AS, Grigoryants VM, Petrukhina MA. How Charging Corannulene with One and Two Electrons Affects Its Geometry and Aggregation with Sodium and Potassium Cations. Chemistry 2012; 18:6476-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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