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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymkatalysierte späte Modifizierungen: Besser spät als nie. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:16962-16993. [PMID: 38505660 PMCID: PMC10946893 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDie Enzymkatalyse gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der Synthesechemie. Die durch Bioinformatik und Enzym‐Engineering stetig wachsende Zahl von Biokatalysatoren eröffnet eine große Vielfalt selektiver Reaktionen. Insbesondere für späte Funktionalisierungsreaktionen ist die Biokatalyse ein geeignetes Werkzeug, das oftmals der konventionellen De‐novo‐Synthese überlegen ist. Enzyme haben sich als nützlich erwiesen, um funktionelle Gruppen direkt in komplexe Molekülgerüste einzuführen sowie für die rasche Diversifizierung von Substanzbibliotheken. Biokatalytische Oxyfunktionalisierungen, Halogenierungen, Methylierungen, Reduktionen und Amidierungen sind von besonderem Interesse, da diese Strukturmotive häufig in Pharmazeutika vertreten sind. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Stärken und Schwächen der enzymkatalysierten späten Modifizierungen durch native und optimierte Enzyme in der Synthesechemie. Ebenso werden wichtige Beispiele in der Wirkstoffentwicklung hervorgehoben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGötheborgSchweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNVereinigtes Königreich
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2
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Romero E, Jones BS, Hogg BN, Rué Casamajo A, Hayes MA, Flitsch SL, Turner NJ, Schnepel C. Enzymatic Late-Stage Modifications: Better Late Than Never. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16824-16855. [PMID: 33453143 PMCID: PMC8359417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis is gaining increasing importance in synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, the growing number of biocatalysts accessible by means of bioinformatics and enzyme engineering opens up an immense variety of selective reactions. Biocatalysis especially provides excellent opportunities for late-stage modification often superior to conventional de novo synthesis. Enzymes have proven to be useful for direct introduction of functional groups into complex scaffolds, as well as for rapid diversification of compound libraries. Particularly important and highly topical are enzyme-catalysed oxyfunctionalisations, halogenations, methylations, reductions, and amide bond formations due to the high prevalence of these motifs in pharmaceuticals. This Review gives an overview of the strengths and limitations of enzymatic late-stage modifications using native and engineered enzymes in synthesis while focusing on important examples in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Romero
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Bethan S. Jones
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Bethany N. Hogg
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Rué Casamajo
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and ManagementDiscovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgSweden
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian Schnepel
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterManchester Institute of Biotechnology131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUnited Kingdom
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3
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Eger E, Schrittwieser JH, Wetzl D, Iding H, Kuhn B, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Biocatalytic Synthesis of 1-Aryltetrahydro-β-carbolines Enabled by "Substrate Walking". Chemistry 2020; 26:16281-16285. [PMID: 33017078 PMCID: PMC7756766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective catalysts for the Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamines and aldehydes may allow a simple and fast approach to chiral 1-substituted tetrahydro-β-carbolines. Although biocatalysts have previously been employed for the Pictet-Spengler reaction, not a single one accepts benzaldehyde and its substituted derivatives. To address this challenge, a combination of substrate walking and transfer of beneficial mutations between different wild-type backbones was used to develop a strictosidine synthase from Rauvolfia serpentina (RsSTR) into a suitable enzyme for the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler condensation of tryptamine and benzaldehyde derivatives. The double variant RsSTR V176L/V208A accepted various ortho-, meta- and para-substituted benzaldehydes and produced the corresponding chiral 1-aryl-tetrahydro-β-carbolines with up to 99 % enantiomeric excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Eger
- Institute of Chemistry, Biocatalytic SynthesisUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute of Chemistry, Biocatalytic SynthesisUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Dennis Wetzl
- Process Chemistry & CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Grenzacherstrasse 1244070BaselSwitzerland
| | - Hans Iding
- Process Chemistry & CatalysisF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Grenzacherstrasse 1244070BaselSwitzerland
| | - Bernd Kuhn
- Pharma Research & Early DevelopmentF. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Grenzacherstrasse 1244070BaselSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, Biocatalytic SynthesisUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth—University of Graz8010GrazAustria
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4
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Mohapatra C, Darmandeh H, Steinert H, Mallick B, Feichtner K, Gessner VH. Synthesis of Low-Valent Dinuclear Group 14 Compounds with Element-Element Bonds by Transylidation. Chemistry 2020; 26:15145-15149. [PMID: 32954596 PMCID: PMC7756224 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear low-valent compounds of the heavy main group elements are rare species owing to their intrinsic reactivity. However, they represent desirable target molecules due to their unusual bonding situations as well as applications in bond activations and materials synthesis. The isolation of such compounds usually requires the use of substituents that provide sufficient stability and synthetic access. Herein, we report on the use of strongly donating ylide-substituents to access low-valent dinuclear group 14 compounds. The ylides not only impart steric and electronic stabilization, but also allow facile synthesis via transfer of an ylide from tetrylene precursors of type R Y2 E to ECl2 (E=Ge, Sn; R Y=TolSO2 (PR3 )C with R=Ph, Cy). This method allowed the isolation of dinuclear complexes amongst a germanium analogue of a vinyl cation, [(Ph Y)2 GeGe(Ph Y)]+ with an electronic structure best described as a germylene-stabilized GeII cation and a ylide(chloro)digermene [Cy Y(Cl)GeGe(Cl)Cy Y] with an unusually unsymmetrical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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5
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Fang C, Zhang Y, Ma L, Liu Z, Zhai S, Peng J, Zhang L, Zhu W, Zhang C. Refactoring the Concise Biosynthetic Pathway of Cyanogramide Unveils Spirooxindole Formation Catalyzed by a P450 Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District Guangzhou 511458 China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District Guangzhou 511458 China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District Guangzhou 511458 China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
| | - Shilan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District Guangzhou 511458 China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs Chinese Ministry of Education School of Medicine and Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingang Road Guangzhou 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District Guangzhou 511458 China
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6
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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Fang C, Zhang Y, Ma L, Liu Z, Zhai S, Peng J, Zhang L, Zhu W, Zhang C. Refactoring the Concise Biosynthetic Pathway of Cyanogramide Unveils Spirooxindole Formation Catalyzed by a P450 Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14065-14069. [PMID: 32329169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanogramide (1) from the marine actinomycete Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus WH1-2216-6 features a unique spirooxindole skeleton and exhibits significant bioactivity to efficiently reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. The biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 in A. cyanogriseus WH1-2216-6 was identified and refactored by promoter engineering for heterologous expression in Streptomyces coelicolor YF11, thereby enabling the production of 1 and five new derivatives. Interesting, four of them, including 1, were identified as enantiomeric mixtures in different ratios. The functions of tailoring enzymes, including two methyltransferases (CyaEF), and three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CyaGHI) were confirmed by gene inactivation and feeding experiments, leading to the elucidation of a concise biosynthetic pathway for 1. Notably, CyaH was biochemically verified to catalyze the formation of the spirooxindole skeleton in 1 through an unusual carbocation-mediated semipinacol-type rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Chunyan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Shilan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 1119 Haibin Rd. Nansha District, Guangzhou, 511458, China
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7
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Gaikwad SV, Nadimetla DN, Kobaisi MA, Devkate M, Joshi R, Shinde RG, Gaikwad MV, Nikalje MD, Bhosale SV, Lokhande PD. Iodine‐DMSO‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Biomimetic Aromatization of Tetrahydro‐
β
‐carbolines‐3‐carboxylic Acid: Mechanism Study with DFT‐Calculation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V. Gaikwad
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Dinesh N. Nadimetla
- School of Chemical ScienceGoa University, Taleigao Plateau Goa 403 206 India
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyFSETSwinburne University of Technology Hawthorn VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Manisha Devkate
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Rekha Joshi
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Rohit G. Shinde
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Milind V. Gaikwad
- Department of ChemistryDr. D.Y. Patil A. C. S. College, Pimpri Pune 411018 India
| | - Milind D. Nikalje
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | | | - Pradeep D. Lokhande
- Centre for advance studiesDepartment of ChemistrySavitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Petchey
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD U.K
| | - Gideon Grogan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD U.K
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9
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Abstract
The first total syntheses of chaetoglines C-F via a bioinspired and divergent synthetic strategy are reported. Chaetolines C and D were obtained from the condensation of hemiacetal and tryptophan methyl ester building blocks followed by functional group transformations. The synthesis of chaetogline E employed the diastereoselective Pictet-Spengler reaction, and the tetrahydro-carboline skeleton was further utilized as a precursor for an oxidative aromatization reaction to introduce the β-carboline moiety of chaetogline F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocheng Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Renxiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue , Nanjing 210046 , China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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10
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Pressnitz D, Fischereder E, Pletz J, Kofler C, Hammerer L, Hiebler K, Lechner H, Richter N, Eger E, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Synthesis of (
R
)‐1‐Alkyl‐Substituted Tetrahydro‐ß‐carbolines Catalyzed by Strictosidine Synthases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Pressnitz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Eva‐Maria Fischereder
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jakob Pletz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christina Kofler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Lucas Hammerer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- ACIB GmbH—Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Katharina Hiebler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Horst Lechner
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Nina Richter
- ACIB GmbH—Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eger
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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11
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Pressnitz D, Fischereder E, Pletz J, Kofler C, Hammerer L, Hiebler K, Lechner H, Richter N, Eger E, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-1-Alkyl-Substituted Tetrahydro-ß-carbolines Catalyzed by Strictosidine Synthases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10683-10687. [PMID: 29852524 PMCID: PMC6146909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective methods for the synthesis of tetrahydro-ß-carbolines are of significant interest due to the broad spectrum of biological activity of the target molecules. In the plant kingdom, strictosidine synthases catalyze the C-C coupling through a Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamine and secologanin to exclusively form the (S)-configured tetrahydro-ß-carboline (S)-strictosidine. Investigating the biocatalytic Pictet-Spengler reaction of tryptamine with small-molecular-weight aliphatic aldehydes revealed that the strictosidine synthases give unexpectedly access to the (R)-configured product. Developing an efficient expression method for the enzyme allowed the preparative transformation of various aldehydes, giving the products with up to >98 % ee. With this tool in hand, a chemoenzymatic two-step synthesis of (R)-harmicine was achieved, giving (R)-harmicine in 67 % overall yield in optically pure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Pressnitz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Eva‐Maria Fischereder
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Jakob Pletz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Christina Kofler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Lucas Hammerer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
- ACIB GmbH—Austrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Katharina Hiebler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Horst Lechner
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Nina Richter
- ACIB GmbH—Austrian Center of Industrial BiotechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Elisabeth Eger
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic und Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
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Petchey M, Cuetos A, Rowlinson B, Dannevald S, Frese A, Sutton PW, Lovelock S, Lloyd RC, Fairlamb IJS, Grogan G. The Broad Aryl Acid Specificity of the Amide Bond Synthetase McbA Suggests Potential for the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Petchey
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Anibal Cuetos
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | | | - Amina Frese
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Peter W. Sutton
- GSK Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Current address: Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering; Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group; Engineering School; Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sarah Lovelock
- GSK Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Current address: School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- GSK Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | | | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
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Petchey M, Cuetos A, Rowlinson B, Dannevald S, Frese A, Sutton PW, Lovelock S, Lloyd RC, Fairlamb IJS, Grogan G. The Broad Aryl Acid Specificity of the Amide Bond Synthetase McbA Suggests Potential for the Biocatalytic Synthesis of Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11584-11588. [PMID: 30035356 PMCID: PMC6282839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amide bond formation is one of the most important reactions in pharmaceutical synthetic chemistry. The development of sustainable methods for amide bond formation, including those that are catalyzed by enzymes, is therefore of significant interest. The ATP-dependent amide bond synthetase (ABS) enzyme McbA, from Marinactinospora thermotolerans, catalyzes the formation of amides as part of the biosynthetic pathway towards the marinacarboline secondary metabolites. The reaction proceeds via an adenylate intermediate, with both adenylation and amidation steps catalyzed within one active site. In this study, McbA was applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutical-type amides from a range of aryl carboxylic acids with partner amines provided at 1-5 molar equivalents. The structure of McbA revealed the structural determinants of aryl acid substrate tolerance and differences in conformation associated with the two half reactions catalyzed. The catalytic performance of McbA, coupled with the structure, suggest that this and other ABS enzymes may be engineered for applications in the sustainable synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant (chiral) amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Petchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Anibal Cuetos
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | | | - Amina Frese
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Peter W Sutton
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.,Current address: Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Biocatalysis Group, Engineering School, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Lovelock
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.,Current address: School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Richard C Lloyd
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Lin CI, McCarty RM, Liu HW. The Enzymology of Organic Transformations: A Survey of Name Reactions in Biological Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3446-3489. [PMID: 27505692 PMCID: PMC5477795 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions that are named in honor of their true, or at least perceived, discoverers are known as "name reactions". This Review is a collection of biological representatives of named chemical reactions. Emphasis is placed on reaction types and catalytic mechanisms that showcase both the chemical diversity in natural product biosynthesis as well as the parallels with synthetic organic chemistry. An attempt has been made, whenever possible, to describe the enzymatic mechanisms of catalysis within the context of their synthetic counterparts and to discuss the mechanistic hypotheses for those reactions that are currently active areas of investigation. This Review has been categorized by reaction type, for example condensation, nucleophilic addition, reduction and oxidation, substitution, carboxylation, radical-mediated, and rearrangements, which are subdivided by name reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Lin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA
| | - Reid M McCarty
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78731, USA
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Lin C, McCarty RM, Liu H. Die Enzymologie organischer Umwandlungen: Namensreaktionen in biologischen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐I. Lin
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731 USA
| | - Reid M. McCarty
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731 USA
| | - Hung‐wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78731 USA
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Wang KB, Yuan CM, Xue CM, Li DH, Jing YK, He HP, Hao XJ, Di YT, Li ZL, Hua HM. Pegaharmalines A and B, two novel β-carboline alkaloids with unprecedented carbon skeletons from Peganum harmala. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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