1
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Bergner J, Borstelmann J, Cavinato LM, Fuenzalida-Werner JP, Walla C, Hinrichs H, Schulze P, Rominger F, Costa RD, Dreuw A, Kivala M. A Conformationally Stable π-Expanded X-Type Double Helicene Comprising Dihydropyracylene Units with Multistage Redox Behavior. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303336. [PMID: 37986242 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A π-expanded X-type double [5]helicene comprising dihydropyracylene moieties was synthesized from commercially available acenaphthene. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed the unique highly twisted structure of the compound resulting in the occurrence of two enantiomers which were separated by chiral HPLC, owing to their high conformational stability. The compound shows strongly bathochromically shifted UV/vis absorption and emission bands with small Stokes shift and considerable photoluminescence quantum yield and circular polarized luminescence response. The electrochemical studies revealed five facilitated reversible redox events, including three reductions and two oxidations, thus qualifying the compound as chiral multistage redox amphoter. The experimental findings are in line with the computational studies based on density functional theory pointing towards increased spatial extension of the frontier molecular orbitals over the polycyclic framework and a considerably narrowed HOMO-LUMO gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca M Cavinato
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Fuenzalida-Werner
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Christian Walla
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Hinrichs
- Abteilung Chromatographie & Elektrophorese, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philipp Schulze
- Abteilung Chromatographie & Elektrophorese, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rubén D Costa
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing, Chair of Biogenic Functional Materials, Schulgasse 22, 94315, Straubing, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Buchsteiner M, Singha S, Decaens J, Fürstner A. Chiral Bismuth-Rhodium Paddlewheel Complexes Empowered by London Dispersion: The C-H Functionalization Nexus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212546. [PMID: 36102180 PMCID: PMC9828831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic [BiRh] tetracarboxylate catalysts endowed with 1,3-disilylated phenylglycine paddlewheels benefit from interligand London dispersion. They were originally designed for asymmetric cyclopropanation but are now shown to perform very well in asymmetric C-H functionalization reactions too. Because of the confined ligand sphere about the derived donor/acceptor carbenes, insertions into unhindered methyl groups are kinetically favored, although methylene units also react with excellent levels of asymmetric induction; even gaseous ethane is a suitable substrate. Moreover, many functional groups in both partners are tolerated. The resulting products are synthetically equivalent to the outcome of traditional asymmetric ester alkylation, allylation, benzylation, propargylation and aldol reactions and therefore constitute a valuable nexus to more conventional chemical logic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santanu Singha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | | | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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3
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Borys AM, Malaspina LA, Grabowsky S, Hevia E. Towards Hexagonal Planar Nickel: A Dispersion-Stabilised Tri-Lithium Nickelate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209797. [PMID: 35921213 PMCID: PMC9804205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancing the understanding of lithum nickelate complexes, here we report a family of homoleptic organonickelate complexes obtained by reacting Ni(COD)2 and lithium aryl-acetylides in the presence of the bidentate donor TMEDA. These compounds represent rare examples of low-valent transition-metals supported solely by organolithium ligands. Whilst the solid-state structures indicate a hexagonal planar geometry around Ni0 with Ni-Li bonds, bonding analysis via QTAIM, NCI, NBO and ELI methods reveals that the Ni-Li interactions are repulsive in nature, characterising these complexes as tri-coordinated. London dispersion forces between TMEDA and the organic substituents on nickel are found to play a crucial role in the stabilisation and thus isolation of these complexes. Preliminary reactivity studies demonstrate that the homoleptic lithium nickelates undergo stoichiometric cross-coupling with PhI to give dinickel clusters containing both anionic acetylide and neutral alkyne ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M. Borys
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und PharmazieUniversität BernFreiestrasse 33012BernSwitzerland
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4
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Burnett S, Bourne C, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Umpolung of an Aliphatic Ketone to a Magnesium Ketone‐1,2‐diide Complex with Vicinal Dianionic Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204472. [PMID: 35762819 PMCID: PMC9541192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The new β‐diketimine iPrDipnacnacH, HC(iPrCNDip)2H, Dip=2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3, was converted to the magnesium(I) complex [{(iPrDipnacnac)Mg}2] and reaction with 2‐adamantanone (OAd) afforded the ketone‐1,2‐diide complex [{(iPrDipnacnac)Mg}2(μ‐OAd)]. The complex contains the first stable dianion of an aliphatic ketone with an electropositive metal and shows an OAd2− unit with long C−O bond and pyramidal carbon centre. DFT studies reveal an anionic charge on both neighbouring C and O atoms. Reductions of aliphatic ketones with magnesium(I) complexes show that these likely proceed via highly reactive dianions and afforded a 1 : 1 mixture of an alkoxide and an enolate when an enolisable ketone was used, and rapid CH activations reactions, e.g., of stabilising ligand moieties, when non‐enolisable ketones were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Connor Bourne
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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5
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Borys AM, Malaspina LA, Grabowsky S, Hevia E. Towards Hexagonal Planar Nickel: A Dispersion‐Stabilised Tri‐Lithium Nickelate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M. Borys
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie SWITZERLAND
| | - Lorraine A. Malaspina
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie SWITZERLAND
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- University of Bern: Universitat Bern DDepartement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie SWITZERLAND
| | - Eva Hevia
- Universitat Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern SWITZERLAND
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6
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathesis Reactions of a NHC‐Stabilized Phosphaborene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203345. [PMID: 35583052 PMCID: PMC9401048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The BP unsaturated unit is a very attractive functional group as it provides novel reactivity and unique physical properties. Nonetheless, applications remain limited so far due to the bulky nature of B/P‐protecting groups, required to prevent oligomerization. Herein, we report the synthesis and isolation of a N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphaborene, bearing a trimethylsilyl (TMS) functionality at the P‐terminal, as a room‐temperature‐stable crystalline solid accessible via facile NHC‐induced trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) elimination from its phosphinoborane precursor. This phosphaborene compound, bearing a genuine B=P bond, exhibits a remarkable ability for undergoing P‐centre metathesis reactions, which allows the isolation of a series of unprecedented phosphaborenes. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations provide insights into the B=P bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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7
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McLoughlin EC, O'Brien JE, Trujillo C, Meegan MJ, O'Boyle NM. Application of 2D EXSY and qNMR Spectroscopy for Diastereomeric Excess Determination Following Chiral Resolution of β-Lactams. Chemistry 2022:e202200119. [PMID: 35876400 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trans-β-lactam isomers have garnered much attention as anti-cancer microtubule targeting agents. Currently available synthetic methods are available for the preparation of enantiopure β-lactams and favour isomeric cis/trans β-lactam mixtures. Indirect chiral resolution offers the opportunity for isolation of exclusively enantiopure trans-β-lactams. In this study, liquid chromatography chiral resolution of β-lactams derivatized as diastereomer mixtures with a panel of N-protected amino acids is explored, where N-(Boc)-L-proline served as the optimal chiral derivatising reagent. High-performance liquid chromatography failed to adequately determine diastereomeric excess (de) of resolved diastereomers. Variable temperature, 1 H NMR and 2D EXSY spectroscopic analyses of proline-derivatised diastereomers were successfully employed to characterise equilibrating rotamers of resolved diastereomers and determine their de. Integration of resolved resonances corresponding to H3 and H4 of the β-lactam ring served as a quantitative qNMR tool for the calculation of de following resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eavan C McLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John E O'Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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8
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Rummel L, Domanski MHJ, Hausmann H, Becker J, Schreiner PR. London Dispersion Favors Sterically Hindered Diarylthiourea Conformers in Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204393. [PMID: 35544611 PMCID: PMC9401023 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present an experimental and computational study on the conformers of N,N'-diphenylthiourea substituted with different dispersion energy donor (DED) groups. While the unfolded anti-anti conformer is the most relevant for thiourea catalysis, intramolecular noncovalent interactions counterintuitively favor the folded syn-syn conformer, as evident from a combination of low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and computations. In order to quantify the noncovalent interactions, we utilized local energy decomposition analysis and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPP and sSAPT0/6-311G(d,p) levels of theory. Additionally, we applied a double-mutant cycle to experimentally study the effects of bulky substituents on the equilibria. We determined London dispersion as the key interaction that shifts the equilibria towards the syn-syn conformers. This preference is likely a factor why such thiourea derivatives can be poor catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rummel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marvin H J Domanski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heike Hausmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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9
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Burnett S, Bourne C, Slawin AMZ, van Mourik T, Stasch A. Umpolung of an Aliphatic Ketone to a Magnesium Ketone‐1,2‐diide Complex with Vicinal Dianionic Charge. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Burnett
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Connor Bourne
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Tanja van Mourik
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andreas Stasch
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh KY169ST St Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
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10
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Koner A, Morgenstern B, Andrada DM. Metathese Reaktionen eines NHC‐stabilisierten Phosphaborens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology Department of Chemistry Saarland University Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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11
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Sakai S, Fujioka A, Imai K, Uchiyama K, Shimizu Y, Higashida K, Sawamura M. Silver‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Isocyanoacetic Acid Derivatives Enabled by Cooperative Participation of Classical and Nonclassical Hydrogen Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Akane Fujioka
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Koji Imai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Kei Uchiyama
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Yohei Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
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12
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenperä ASK, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200266. [PMID: 35420220 PMCID: PMC9321721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective Minisci reactions have recently been developed but all instances so far utilize α-amino radical coupling partners. We report a substantial evolution of the enantioselective Minisci reaction that enables α-hydroxy radicals to be used, providing valuable enantioenriched secondary alcohol products. This is achieved through the direct oxidative coupling of two C-H bonds on simple alcohol and pyridine partners through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-driven approach: a challenging process to achieve due to the numerous side reactions that can occur. Our approach is highly regioselective as well as highly enantioselective. Dicumyl peroxide, upon irradiation with 390 nm light, serves as both HAT reagent and oxidant whilst selectivity is controlled by use of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. Computational and experimental evidence provide mechanistic insight as to the origin of selectivity, revealing a stereodetermining deprotonation step distinct from the analogous reaction of amide-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avene C Colgan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rupert S J Proctor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David C Gibson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Padon Chuentragool
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Antti S K Lahdenperä
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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13
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Mears KL, Stennett CR, Fettinger JC, Vasko P, Power PP. Inhibition of Alkali Metal Reduction of 1-Adamantanol by London Dispersion Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201318. [PMID: 35255185 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkali metal 1-adamantoxide (OAd1 ) complexes of formula [M(OAd1 )(HOAd1 )2 ], where M=Li, Na or K, were synthesised by reduction of 1-adamantanol with excess of the alkali metal. The syntheses indicated that only one out of every three HOAd1 molecules was reduced. An X-ray diffraction study of the sodium derivative shows that the complex features two unreduced HOAd1 donors as well as the reduced alkoxide (OAd1 ), with the Ad1 fragments clustered together on the same side of the NaO3 plane, contrary to steric considerations. This is the first example of an alkali metal reduction of an alcohol that is inhibited from completion due to the formation of the [M(OAd1 )(HOAd1 )2 ] complexes, stabilized by London dispersion effects. NMR spectroscopic studies revealed similar structures for the lithium and potassium derivatives. Computational analyses indicate that decisive London dispersion effects in the molecular structure are a consequence of the many C-H⋅⋅⋅H-C interactions between the OAd1 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian L Mears
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cary R Stennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip P Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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14
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Rong Wong Z, Schramm TK, Loipersberger M, Head-Gordon M, Toste FD. Revisiting the Bonding Model for Gold(I) Species: The Importance of Pauli Repulsion Revealed in a Gold(I)-Cyclobutadiene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202019. [PMID: 35261142 PMCID: PMC9173747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the bonding of gold(I) species has been central to the development of gold(I) catalysis. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of the first gold(I)-cyclobutadiene complex, accompanied with bonding analysis by state-of-the-art energy decomposition analysis methods. Analysis of possible coordination modes for the new species not only confirms established characteristics of gold(I) bonding, but also suggests that Pauli repulsion is a key yet hitherto overlooked element. Additionally, we obtain a new perspective on gold(I)-bonding by comparison of the gold(I)-cyclobutadiene to congeners stabilized by p-, d-, and f-block metals. Consequently, we refine the gold(I) bonding model, with a delicate interplay of Pauli repulsion and charge transfer as the key driving force for various coordination motifs. Pauli repulsion is similarly determined as a significant interaction in AuI -alkyne species, corroborating this revised understanding of AuI bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Rong Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Tim K. Schramm
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Department of Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1 Aachen, 52074 (Germany)
| | - Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
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15
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London Dispersion Favors Sterically Hindered Diarylthiourea Conformers in Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenpera A, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avene C. Colgan
- University of Cambridge Central Science Library: University of Cambridge Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Antti Lahdenpera
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Robert J Phipps
- University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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17
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Kubik S. When Molecules Meet in Water-Recent Contributions of Supramolecular Chemistry to the Understanding of Molecular Recognition Processes in Water. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200028. [PMID: 35373466 PMCID: PMC8977507 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition processes in water differ from those in organic solvents in that they are mediated to a much greater extent by solvent effects. The hydrophobic effect, for example, causes molecules that only weakly interact in organic solvents to stay together in water. Such water-mediated interactions can be very efficient as demonstrated by many of the synthetic receptors discussed in this review, some of which have substrate affinities matching or even surpassing those of natural binders. However, in spite of considerable success in designing such receptors, not all factors determining their binding properties in water are fully understood. Existing concepts still provide plausible explanations why the reorganization of water molecules often causes receptor-substrate interactions in water to be strongly exothermic rather than entropically favored as predicted by the classical view of the hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kubik
- Technische Universität KaiserslauternFachbereich Chemie – Organische ChemieErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5467663KaiserslauternGermany
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18
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Mears KL, Stennett CR, Fettinger JC, Vasko P, Power PP. Inhibition of Alkali Metal Reduction of 1‐Adamantanol by London Dispersion Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian L. Mears
- Department of Chemistry University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Cary R. Stennett
- Department of Chemistry University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1) 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Philip P. Power
- Department of Chemistry University of California One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
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19
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Wong ZR, Schramm TK, Loipersberger M, Head‐Gordon M, Toste FD. Revisiting the Bonding Model for Gold(I) Species: The Importance of Pauli Repulsion Revealed in a Gold(I)‐Cyclobutadiene Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Rong Wong
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Tim K. Schramm
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Matthias Loipersberger
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Martin Head‐Gordon
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307 Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A3307 Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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20
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Kodama T, Aoba M, Hirao Y, Rivero SM, Casado J, Kubo T. Molecular and Spin Structures of a Through‐Space Conjugated Triradical System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200688. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Current Address: Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division (ICS) Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI) Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mitsuya Aoba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Málaga Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry University of Málaga Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division (ICS) Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI) Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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21
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Rösel S, Schreiner PR. Computational Chemistry as a Conceptual Game Changer: Understanding the Role of London Dispersion in Hexaphenylethane Derivatives (Gomberg Systems). Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Rösel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Twitter: @prsgroupjlu 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Twitter: @prsgroupjlu 35392 Giessen Germany
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22
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Di Berardino C, Strauss MA, Schatz D, Wegner HA. An Incremental System To Predict the Effect of Different London Dispersion Donors in All‐
meta
‐Substituted Azobenzenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104284. [PMID: 35025129 PMCID: PMC9306603 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Predictive models based on incremental systems exist for many chemical phenomena, thus allowing easy estimates. Despite their low magnitude in isolated systems London dispersion interactions are ubiquitous in manifold situations ranging from solvation to catalysis or in biological systems. Based on our azobenzene system, we systematically determined the London dispersion donor strength of the alkyl substituents Me, Et, iPr up to tBu. Based on this data, we were able to implement an incremental system for London dispersion for the azobenzene scheme. We propose an equation that allows the prediction of the effect of change of substituents on London dispersion interactions in azobenzenes, which has to be validated in similar molecular arrangements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Berardino
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Marcel A. Strauss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Dominic Schatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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23
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Mayr S, Zipse H. Annelated Pyridine Bases for the Selective Acylation of 1,2‐Diols. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mayr
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Department of Chemistry Butenandt-Str. 5-13 81377 München GERMANY
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24
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Wu S, Kaur J, Karl TA, Tian X, Barham JP. Synthetische molekulare Photoelektrochemie: neue synthetische Anwendungen, mechanistische Einblicke und Möglichkeiten zur Skalierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias A. Karl
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Universität Regensburg Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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25
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Kodama T, Aoba M, Hirao Y, Rivero SM, Casado J, Kubo T. Molecular and Spin Structures of a Through‐Space Conjugated Triradical System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kodama
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Mitsuya Aoba
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science JAPAN
| | - Yasukazu Hirao
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science JAPAN
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- University of Malaga: Universidad de Malaga Department of Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Juan Casado
- University of Malaga: Universidad de Malaga Department of Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Osaka University: Osaka Daigaku Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science 1-1 Machikaneyama 560-0043 Toyonaka JAPAN
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26
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Guo T, Li A, Xu J, Baldridge KK, Siegel J. Enantiopure
C
5
Pentaindenocorannulenes: Chiral Graphenoid Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 3000072 China
| | - Ansu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 3000072 China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 3000072 China
| | - Kim K. Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 3000072 China
| | - Jay Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin University 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 3000072 China
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27
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Žabka M, Naviri L, Gschwind RM. Noncovalent CH–π and π–π Interactions in Phosphoramidite Palladium(II) Complexes with Strong Conformational Preference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Žabka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Lavakumar Naviri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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28
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Guo T, Li A, Xu J, Baldridge KK, Siegel J. Enantiopure C 5 Pentaindenocorannulenes: Chiral Graphenoid Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25809-25814. [PMID: 34486802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chiral carbon nanomaterials offer numerous prospects for material science. As a fundamental building block for non-planar graphenoid materials, pentaindenocorannulene (PIC) with its C5v symmetrical structure presents a platform for creation of supramolecular chiral carbon materials. Specifically, when uniformly penta-substituted on its periphery, PIC generates C5 symmetrical chiral buckybowls capable of columnar stacking. The synthesis and resolution of such PICs are achieved, assignment of absolute configuration is established by comparison of ECD and VCD spectra with theory, and material characterization is reported. Evidence for columnar stacking in solution and in the crystal is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 3000072, China
| | - Ansu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 3000072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 3000072, China
| | - Kim K Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 3000072, China
| | - Jay Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 3000072, China
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29
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Žabka M, Naviri L, Gschwind RM. Noncovalent CH-π and π-π Interactions in Phosphoramidite Palladium(II) Complexes with Strong Conformational Preference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25832-25838. [PMID: 34585835 PMCID: PMC9298319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The weak noncovalent interactions and flexibility of ligands play a key role in enantioselective metal‐catalyzed reactions. In transition metal complexes and their catalytic applications, the experimental assessment and the design of key interactions is as difficult as the prediction of the enantioselectivities, especially for flexible, privileged ligands such as chiral phosphoramidites. Therefore, the interligand interactions in cis‐PdIIL2Cl2 phosphoramidite complexes were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and computations. We were able to induce a strong conformational preference by breaking the symmetry of the C2‐symmetric side chain of one of the ligands, and shift the equilibrium between hetero‐ and homocomplexes towards heterocomplexes because of interligand interactions in the cis‐complexes. The modulation of aryl substituents was exploited, along with the solvent effect. The combined CH–π and π–π interactions reveal design patterns for binding and folding of chiral ligands and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Žabka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lavakumar Naviri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Gehlhaar A, Wölper C, Vight F, Jansen G, Schulz S. Noncovalent Intra‐ and Intermolecular Interactions in Peri‐Substituted Pnicta Naphthalene and Acenaphthalene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gehlhaar
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Felix Vight
- Theoretical Organic Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Georg Jansen
- Theoretical Organic Chemistry University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (Cenide) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
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31
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Zhang R, Ellern A, Winter AH. Anti-Aromaticity Relief as an Approach to Stabilize Free Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25082-25088. [PMID: 34528379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy to stabilize free radicals electronically is described by conjugating formally antiaromatic substituents to the free radical. With an antiaromatic substituent, the radical acts as an electron sink to allow configuration mixing of a low-energy zwitterionic state that provides antiaromaticity relief to the substituent. A combination of X-ray crystallography, VT-EPR and VT-UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as computational analysis, was used to investigate this phenomenon. We find that this strategy of antiaromaticity relief is successful at stabilizing radicals, but only if the antiaromatic substituent is constrained to be planar by synthetically imposed conformational restraints that enable state mixing. This work leads to the counterintuitive finding that increasing the antiaromaticity of the radical substituent leads to greater radical stability, providing proof of concept for a new stereoelectronic approach for stabilizing free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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32
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Zhang R, Ellern A, Winter AH. Anti‐Aromaticity Relief as an Approach to Stabilize Free Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall Ames IA 50010 USA
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall Ames IA 50010 USA
| | - Arthur H. Winter
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 1605 Gilman Hall Ames IA 50010 USA
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33
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Azide⋅⋅⋅Oxygen Interaction: A Crystal Engineering Tool for Conformational Locking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Regio‐controllable Cobalt‐Catalyzed Sequential Hydrosilylation/Hydroboration of Arylacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Rummel L, Schümann JM, Schreiner PR. Hexaphenylditetrels - When Longer Bonds Provide Higher Stability. Chemistry 2021; 27:13699-13702. [PMID: 34346528 PMCID: PMC8518818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a computational analysis of hexaphenylethane derivatives with heavier tetrels comprising the central bond. In stark contrast to parent hexaphenylethane, the heavier tetrel derivatives can readily be prepared. In order to determine the origin of their apparent thermodynamic stability against dissociation as compared to the carbon case, we employed local energy decomposition analysis (LED) and symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) at the DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/def2‐TZVP and sSAPT0/def2‐TZVP levels of theory. We identified London dispersion (LD) interactions as the decisive factor for the molecular stability of heavier tetrel derivatives. This stability is made possible owing to the longer (than C−C) central bonds that move the phenyl groups out of the heavily repulsive regime so they can optimally benefit from LD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rummel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan M Schümann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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36
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. An Element‐Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High‐Energy Blue Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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37
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. An Element-Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High-Energy Blue Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21817-21823. [PMID: 34097333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
1,3,2,4-Diazadiboretidine, an isoelectronic heteroanalogue of cyclobutadiene, is an interesting chemical species in terms of comparison with the carbon system, whereas its properties have never been investigated experimentally. According to Baird's rule, Hückel antiaromatic cyclobutadiene acquires aromaticity in the lowest triplet state. Here we report experimental and theoretical studies on the ground- and excited-state antiaromaticity/aromaticity as well as the photophysical properties of an isolable 1,3,2,4-diazadiboretidine derivative. The crystal structure of the diazadiboretidine derivative revealed that the B2 N2 ring adopts a planar rhombic geometry in the ground state. Yet, theoretical calculations showed that the B2 N2 ring turns to a square geometry with a nonaromatic character in the lowest triplet state. Notably, the diazadiboretidine derivative has the lowest singlet and triplet states lying at close energy levels and displays blue phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Buddhika S B Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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38
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Wu S, Kaur J, Karl TA, Tian X, Barham JP. Synthetic Molecular Photoelectrochemistry: New Frontiers in Synthetic Applications, Mechanistic Insights and Scalability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202107811. [PMID: 34478188 PMCID: PMC9303540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC) is receiving increasing attention as a new frontier for the generation and handling of reactive intermediates. PEC permits selective single‐electron transfer (SET) reactions in a much greener way and broadens the redox window of possible transformations. Herein, the most recent contributions are reviewed, demonstrating exciting new opportunities, namely, the combination of PEC with other reactivity paradigms (hydrogen‐atom transfer, radical polar crossover, energy transfer sensitization), scalability up to multigram scale, novel selectivities in SET super‐oxidations/reductions and the importance of precomplexation to temporally enable excited radical ion catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangze Wu
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Tobias A Karl
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Xianhai Tian
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, GERMANY
| | - Joshua Philip Barham
- Universitat Regensburg, Fakultat fur Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, 93040, Regensburg, GERMANY
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39
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Jiu AY, Slocumb HS, Yeung CS, Yang XH, Dong VM. Enantioselective Addition of Pyrazoles to Dienes*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19660-19664. [PMID: 34145705 PMCID: PMC8889753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the first enantioselective addition of pyrazoles to 1,3-dienes. Secondary and tertiary allylic pyrazoles can be generated with excellent regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies support a pathway distinct from previous hydroaminations: a Pd0 -catalyzed ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT). This hydroamination tolerates a range of functional groups and advances the field of diene hydrofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Jiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hannah S Slocumb
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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40
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Jiu AY, Slocumb HS, Yeung CS, Yang X, Dong VM. Enantioselective Addition of Pyrazoles to Dienes**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y. Jiu
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Hannah S. Slocumb
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | | | - Xiao‐Hui Yang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Vy M. Dong
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
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41
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Harnying W, Sudkaow P, Biswas A, Berkessel A. N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Carboxylic Acid Co-Catalysis Enables Oxidative Esterification of Demanding Aldehydes/Enals, at Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19631-19636. [PMID: 34010504 PMCID: PMC8457137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery that simple carboxylic acids, such as benzoic acid, boost the activity of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts in the oxidative esterification of aldehydes. A simple and efficient protocol for the transformation of a wide range of sterically hindered α- and β-substituted aliphatic aldehydes/enals, catalyzed by a novel and readily accessible N-Mes-/N-2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 1,2,4-triazolium salt, and benzoic acid as co-catalyst, was developed. A whole series of α/β-substituted aliphatic aldehydes/enals hitherto not amenable to NHC-catalyzed esterification could be reacted at typical catalyst loadings of 0.02-1.0 mol %. For benzaldehyde, even 0.005 mol % of NHC catalyst proved sufficient: the lowest value ever achieved in NHC catalysis. Preliminary studies point to carboxylic acid-induced acceleration of acyl transfer from azolium enolate intermediates as the mechanistic basis of the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panyapon Sudkaow
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry), University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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42
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Harnying W, Sudkaow P, Biswas A, Berkessel A. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Carboxylic Acid Co‐Catalysis Enables Oxidative Esterification of Demanding Aldehydes/Enals, at Low Catalyst Loading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wacharee Harnying
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Panyapon Sudkaow
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Animesh Biswas
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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43
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Arribas A, Calvelo M, Fernández DF, Rodrigues CAB, Mascareñas JL, López F. Highly Enantioselective Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrocarbonation of Alkenes: A Versatile Approach to Heterocyclic Systems Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arribas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - David F. Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Catarina A. B. Rodrigues
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) 36080 Pontevedra Spain
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44
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Arribas A, Calvelo M, Fernández DF, Rodrigues CAB, Mascareñas JL, López F. Highly Enantioselective Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Hydrocarbonation of Alkenes: A Versatile Approach to Heterocyclic Systems Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19297-19305. [PMID: 34137152 PMCID: PMC8456945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a versatile, highly enantioselective intramolecular hydrocarbonation reaction that provides a direct access to heteropolycyclic systems bearing chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters. The method, which relies on an iridium(I)/bisphosphine chiral catalyst, is particularly efficient for the synthesis of five-, six- and seven-membered fused indole and pyrrole products, bearing one and two stereocenters, with enantiomeric excesses of up to >99 %. DFT computational studies allowed to obtain a detailed mechanistic profile and identify a cluster of weak non-covalent interactions as key factors to control the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arribas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - David F. Fernández
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Catarina A. B. Rodrigues
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - José L. Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Fernando López
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Misión Biológica de GaliciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)36080PontevedraSpain
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45
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Sureshan KM, Madhusudhanan MC, Balan H, Werz DB. Azide···Oxygen Interaction: A Crystal Engineering Tool for Conformational Locking. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22797-22803. [PMID: 34399025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized and crystallized 36 compounds, each containing an azide group and an oxygen atom separated by three bonds. Crystal structure analysis revealed that each of these molecules adopts a conformation in which the azide and oxygen groups orient syn to each other with a short O ··· N b contact. Geometry-optimized structures [using M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level of theory ] also showed the syn conformation in all 36 of these cases, suggesting that this not merely a crystal packing effect. Quantum topological analysis using Bader's Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory revealed bond paths and bond critical points (BCP) in these structures suggesting its nature and energetics to be similar to weak hydrogen bonding. The NCI-RDG plot clearly revealed the attractive interaction consisting of electrostatic or dispersive components in all the 36 systems. NBO analysis suggested a weak orbital-relaxation (charge-transfer) contribution of energy for a few (sp2) O-donor systems. Natural population analysis (NPA) and molecular electrostatic potential mapping (MESP) of these crystal structures further revealed the existence of favorable azide-oxygen interaction. A CSD search indicated the frequent and consistent occurrence of this interaction and its role dictating the syn conformation of azide and oxygen in molecules where these groups are separated by 2-4 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana M Sureshan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemistry, Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala, 695551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Mithun C Madhusudhanan
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram, School of Chemistry, Maruthamala, Vithura, 795551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Haripriya Balan
- IISER-TVM: Indian Institute of Science Education Research Thiruvananthapuram, School of Chemistry, Maruthamala, Vithura, 695551, Thiruvananthapuram, INDIA
| | - Daniel B Werz
- TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Institute fur Organic Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, GERMANY
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46
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Cheng Z, Guo J, Sun Y, Zheng Y, Zhou Z, Lu Z. Regio-controllable Cobalt-Catalyzed Sequential Hydrosilylation/Hydroboration of Arylacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22454-22460. [PMID: 34347353 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regiodivergent addition reactions provide straightforward and atom-economic approaches to access different regioisomers. However, the regio-chemistry control to access all the possible results is still challenging especially for the reaction involving multiple addition steps. Herein, we reported regio-controllable cobalt-catalyzed sequential hydrosilylation/hydroboration of arylacetylenes, delivering all the possible regio-outcomes with high regioselectivities (up to >20/1 rr for all the cases). Each regioisomer of value-added silylboronates could be efficiently and regioselectively obtained from the same materials. The adjustment of the ligands of cobalt catalysts combined with dual catalysis relay strategy is the key to achieve regio-chemistry control. This regio-controllable research might inspire the exploration of the diversity-oriented synthesis that involves multiple additions and provide full sets of regioisomers of other synthetic useful molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhehong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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47
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Semeniuchenko V, Braje WM, Organ MG. Sodium Butylated Hydroxytoluene: A Functional Group Tolerant, Eco-Friendly Base for Solvent-Free, Pd-Catalysed Amination. Chemistry 2021; 27:12535-12539. [PMID: 34190367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
NaBHT (sodium 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate), a strong, but hindered and lipophilic base, has been effectively paired with similarly lipophilic, high-reactivity Pd-NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts to produce an ideal combination for performing solvent-free (melt) cross-coupling amination. The mild nucleophilicity of NaBHT, coupled with the anti-oxidant properties of its conjugate acid byproduct, BHT means the process seems to have no functional group incompatibilities. Highly effective coupling of base-sensitive and redox-active functional groups was observed in all cases with only 0.1-0.2 mol percent catalyst. Comparisons using the standard base for this reaction, KOtBu, led to poor couplings or complete degradation in most applications - only NaBHT works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Semeniuchenko
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Wilfried M Braje
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery Research, Knollstrasse, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Michael G Organ
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI), Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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48
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Xiang Q, Xu J, Guo J, Dang Y, Xu Z, Zeng Z, Sun Z. Unveiling the Hidden σ-Dimerization of a Kinetically Protected Olympicenyl Radical. Chemistry 2021; 27:8203-8213. [PMID: 33783053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The σ-dimer of a kinetically protected olympicenyl radical, which evaded the experimental detection, was revealed by conversion into biolympicenylidene with E-configuration in a regioselective manner. The complicated stereochemistry and energetics of the σ-dimers derived from C2v symmetry and uneven spin distribution of the olympicenyl radical were revealed by the theoretical calculations, and the energetic preference of π-dimer over σ-dimer by a minute gap was disclosed. The E-biolympicenylidene, a polycyclic ene structure previously considered as reactive intermediate in the phenalenyl radical system, exhibited exceptional stability, which allowed for a detailed investigation on its singlet diradical character and physical properties by means of X-ray crystallography, UV-vis-NIR absorption/emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, and assisted by theoretical calculations. The E-biolympicenylidene showed high resistance towards both thermal and photochemical ring-cyclization reactions, which was attributed to high activation energies for the rate-determining electrocyclization operated on both disrotatory and conrotatory mode, as well as a small spin density at the bonding sites for the radical-radical coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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49
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Maué D, Strebert PH, Bernhard D, Rösel S, Schreiner PR, Gerhards M. Dispersionsgebundene, isolierte Dimere in der Gasphase: Beobachtung des kürzesten intermolekularen C‐H⋅⋅⋅H‐C Abstands mittels stimulierter Raman‐Spektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Maué
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum Optimas TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Patrick H. Strebert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum Optimas TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Dominic Bernhard
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum Optimas TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
| | - Sören Rösel
- Institut für organische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institut für organische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum Optimas TU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52 67663 Kaiserslautern Deutschland
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Maué D, Strebert PH, Bernhard D, Rösel S, Schreiner PR, Gerhards M. Dispersion-Bound Isolated Dimers in the Gas Phase: Observation of the Shortest Intermolecular CH⋅⋅⋅H-C Distance via Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11305-11309. [PMID: 33709534 PMCID: PMC8252503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The triphenylmethane and all‐meta tert‐butyl triphenylmethane dimers, (TPM)2 and (T tBuPM)2, respectively, were studied with ionization loss stimulated Raman spectroscopy in molecular beam experiments to resolve structure sensitive vibrations. This answers the question whether the recently reported linear head‐to‐head arrangement in (T tBuPM)2 results from crystal packing or prevails also in the gas phase, and therefore must result from extraordinarily strong London dispersion (LD) interactions. Our study clearly demonstrates that the head‐to‐head arrangement is maintained even under isolated molecular beam conditions in the absence of crystal packing effects. The central Raman‐active aliphatic C−D vibration of appropriately deuterated (T tBuPM)2 associated with an unusually short C−D⋅⋅⋅D−C distance exhibits a strong blue‐shift compared to the undisturbed case. As the LD stabilizing tert‐butyl groups are absent in (TPM)2, it displays an approximately S6‐symmetric tail‐to‐tail arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Maué
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Patrick H Strebert
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominic Bernhard
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sören Rösel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Fachbereich Chemie and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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