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Ghods Ghasemabadi P, Zhao Y, Bodwell GJ. A Highly Congested Dioxapyrenophane from an Attempted Synthesis of the Highly‐Strained 1,1,6,6‐Tetramethyl[6](2,11)teropyrenophane. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghods Ghasemabadi
- Chemistry Department Memorial University of Newfoundland 283 Prince Philip Drive St. John's NL Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Chemistry Department Memorial University of Newfoundland 283 Prince Philip Drive St. John's NL Canada A1B 3X7
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Chemistry Department Memorial University of Newfoundland 283 Prince Philip Drive St. John's NL Canada A1B 3X7
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Unikela KS, Ghasemabadi PG, Houska V, Dawe LN, Zhao Y, Bodwell GJ. Gram-Scale Synthesis of the 1,1,n,n-Tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes. Chemistry 2021; 27:390-400. [PMID: 32960997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A gram-scale synthesis of a series of 1,1,n,n-tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes (n=7-9) has been accomplished as well as the first synthesis of the next higher homologue 1,1,10,10-tetramethyl[10](2,11)teropyrenophane. The scale-up of the original small-scale synthesis required the development of several heavily modified synthetic methods, including a chlorination/Friedel-Crafts alkylation protocol and an iodination/Wurtz coupling protocol, which were performed on 25-30 g and 30-60 g scales, respectively. Two separate sets of conditions for the key teropyrene-forming cyclodehydrogenation reaction at the end of the synthetic pathway were developed, an acid-promoted one for the two less strained congeners and an acid-free method for the two more strained homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sagar Unikela
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Parisa Ghods Ghasemabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Václav Houska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
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Liu T, Yang J, Geyer F, Conrad-Burton FS, Hernández Sánchez R, Li H, Zhu X, Nuckolls CP, Steigerwald ML, Xiao S. Stringing the Perylene Diimide Bow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14303-14307. [PMID: 32495388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study explores a new mode of contortion in perylene diimides where the molecule is bent, like a bow, along its long axis. These bowed PDIs were synthesized through a facile fourfold Suzuki macrocyclization with aromatic linkers and a tetraborylated perylene diimide that introduces strain and results in a bowed structure. By altering the strings of the bow, the degree of bending can be controlled from flat to highly bent. Through spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, it is demonstrated that the energy of the lowest unoccupied orbital can be controlled by the degree of bending in the structures and that the energy of the highest occupied orbital can be controlled to a large extent by the constitution of the aromatic linkers. The important finding is that the bowing results not only in red-shifted absorptions but also more facile reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Florian Geyer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | | | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Colin P Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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Liu T, Yang J, Geyer F, Conrad‐Burton FS, Hernández Sánchez R, Li H, Zhu X, Nuckolls CP, Steigerwald ML, Xiao S. Stringing the Perylene Diimide Bow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Florian Geyer
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | | | | | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | | | | | - Shengxiong Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China
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The Development of Synthetic Routes to 1,1,n,n-Tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen Y, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Unikela KS, Bodwell GJ, Fridgen TD. Endo or Exo? Structures of Gas-Phase Alkali Metal Cation/Aromatic Half-Belt Complexes. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2194-2199. [PMID: 29741278 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,9,9-Tetramethyl[9](2,11)teropyrenophane (TM9TP), a belt-shaped molecule, has a sizable cavity that molecules or ions could occupy. In this study, the question of whether TM9TP forms gas-phase ion-molecule complexes with metal cations (K+ , Rb+ , Cs+ ) situated inside or outside the TM9TP cavity was addressed using both experimental and computational methods. Complexes were trapped in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer and their structures were explored by some novel physical chemistry/mass spectrometry methods. Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation kinetics reveal two populations of ions, a fast dissociating fraction and a persistent fraction. Infrared multiphoton dissociation spectra (vibrational spectra) provide very strong evidence that the most abundant population is a complex where the metal cation is inside the TM9TP cavity, endo-TM9TP. Red-shifted C-H stretching bands present in the gas-phase vibrational spectra of these ionic complexes show that there is an interaction between the metal cation and bridge C-H bonds due to the cation sitting inside the cavity of TM9TP. B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) calculations showed the endo complexes to be the lowest in energy; about 60 kJ mol-1 more thermodynamically stable and more than 120 kJ mol-1 kinetically more stable than the exo complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Kiran Sagar Unikela
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Travis D Fridgen
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
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Abstract
Twisting linear acenes out of planarity affects their electronic and optical properties, and induces chirality. However, it is difficult to isolate the effect of twisting from the substituent effect. Moreover, many twistacenes (twisted acenes) readily racemize in solution. Here, we introduce a series of twistacenes having an anthracene backbone diagonally tethered by an n-alkyl bridge, which induces a twist of various angles. This allows us to systematically monitor the effect of twisting on electronic and optical properties. We find that absorption is bathochromically shifted with increasing twist, while fluorescence quantum efficiency drops dramatically. The tethered twistacenes were isolated to their enantiomerically pure form, displaying strong chiroptical properties and anisotropy factor ( g-value). No racemization was observed even upon prolonged heating, rendering these tethered twistacenes suitable as enantiopure helical building units for π-conjugated backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Bedi
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Chemical Research Support Unit , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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Hetzer C, Guldi DM, Tykwinski RR. Pentacene Dimers as a Critical Tool for the Investigation of Intramolecular Singlet Fission. Chemistry 2018; 24:8245-8257. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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Unikela KS, Roemmele TL, Houska V, McGrath KE, Tobin DM, Dawe LN, Boeré RT, Bodwell GJ. Gram-Scale Synthesis and Highly Regioselective Bromination of 1,1,9,9-Tetramethyl[9](2,11)teropyrenophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1707-1711. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sagar Unikela
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Tracey L. Roemmele
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Václav Houska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Kaitlin E. McGrath
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Wilfrid Laurier University; 75 University Avenue W. Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
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Unikela KS, Roemmele TL, Houska V, McGrath KE, Tobin DM, Dawe LN, Boeré RT, Bodwell GJ. Gram-Scale Synthesis and Highly Regioselective Bromination of 1,1,9,9-Tetramethyl[9](2,11)teropyrenophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sagar Unikela
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Tracey L. Roemmele
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Václav Houska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Kaitlin E. McGrath
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - David M. Tobin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Wilfrid Laurier University; 75 University Avenue W. Waterloo ON N2L 3C5 Canada
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lethbridge; 4401 University Drive Lethbridge AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
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Baumgärtner K, Meza Chincha AL, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Conformationally Stable Contorted Hexabenzoovalene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baumgärtner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Meza Chincha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Baumgärtner K, Meza Chincha AL, Dreuw A, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. A Conformationally Stable Contorted Hexabenzoovalene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15594-15598. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Baumgärtner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ana Lucia Meza Chincha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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