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Li R, Fan Y, Zhao C, Hu A, Zhou B, He M, Chen J, Yan Z, Pan Y, Long J. Air-Stable Protective Layers for Lithium Anode Achieving Safe Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201177. [PMID: 36529700 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With markedly expansive demand in energy storage devices, rechargeable batteries will concentrate on achieving the high energy density and adequate security, especially under harsh operating conditions. Considering the high capacity (3860 mA h g-1 ) and low electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode), lithium metal is identified as one of the most promising anode materials, which has sparked a research boom. However, the intrinsically high reactivity triggers a repeating fracture/reconstruction process of the solid electrolyte interphase, side reactions with electrolyte and lithium dendrites, detrimental to the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Even worse, when exposed to air, lithium metal will suffer severe atmospheric corrosion, especially the reaction with moisture, leading to grievous safety hazards. To settle these troubles, constructing air-stable protective layers (ASPLs) is an effective solution. In this review, besides the necessity of ASPLs is highlighted, the modified design criteria, focusing on enhancing chemical/mechanical stability and controlling ion flux, are proposed. Correspondingly, current research progress is comprehensively summarized and discussed. Finally, the perspectives of developing applicable lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are put forward. This review guides the direction for the practical use of LMAs, further pushing the evolution of safe and stable LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjing Li
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Yining Fan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Anjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfu Yan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Long
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, P. R. China
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Qiao Y, Jia P, Ren W, Ding S, Wen Y, Zhang X, Xia M, Fan C, Gao W, Zhang L, Gao F, Huang J, Shen T. In situ observation of the electrochemical lithiation of a single MnO@C nanorod electrode with core/shell structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:879-882. [PMID: 34935785 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) play a crucial role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity, natural abundance, and benign environmental impact, but they suffer from limitations such as cyclability and high-rate discharge ability. One leading cause is the lithiation-induced volume expansion (LIVE) for "conversion"-type TMOs, which can result in high stress, fracture and pulverization. Using carbon layers is an effective strategy to provide effective volumetric accommodation for lithium-ion (Li+) insertion; however, the detailed mechanism is unknown. In order to clarify the working mechanism of nanoscale LIBs, herein, the discharge reactions in a nanoscale LIB were investigated through in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM). Visualization of the Li+ insertion process of MnO@C nanorods (NRs) with core/shell structure (CSS) and internal void space (IVS) was achieved. The LIVE occurred in a consecutive two-step mode, i.e., a LIVE of the carbon layer followed by a co-LIVE of the carbon layer and MnO. No volume contraction of the IVS was observed. The IVS acted as a buffer relieving the stress of the carbon layer. The carbon layer with IVS simultaneously improved the cyclability and the high-rate discharge ability of the electrode, pointing to a promising route for building better TMO electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Qiao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. .,Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Weiyang Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Shuaijun Ding
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Yixuan Wen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Meirong Xia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Changzeng Fan
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Weimin Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Faming Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Tongde Shen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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