1
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Koch T, Zhang W, Tran TT, Wang Y, Mikitisin A, Puchhammer J, Greer JR, Ovsianikov A, Chalupa-Gantner F, Lunzer M. Approaching Standardization: Mechanical Material Testing of Macroscopic Two-Photon Polymerized Specimens. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308497. [PMID: 38303404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is becoming increasingly established as additive manufacturing technology for microfabrication due to its high-resolution and the feasibility of generating complex parts. Until now, the high resolution of 2PP is also its bottleneck, as it limited throughput and therefore restricted the application to the production of microparts. Thus, mechanical properties of 2PP materials can only be characterized using nonstandardized specialized microtesting methods. Due to recent advances in 2PP technology, it is now possible to produce parts in the size of several millimeters to even centimeters, finally permitting the fabrication of macrosized testing specimens. Besides suitable hardware systems, 2PP materials exhibiting favorable mechanical properties that allow printing of up-scaled parts are strongly demanded. In this work, the up-scalability of three different photopolymers is investigated using a high-throughput 2PP system and low numerical aperture optics. Testing specimens in the cm-range are produced and tested with common or even standardized material testing methods available in conventionally equipped polymer testing labs. Examples of the characterization of mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and fracture properties of 2PP processed materials are shown. Additionally, aspects such as postprocessing and aging are investigated. This lays a foundation for future expansion of the 2PP technology to broader industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Thomas T Tran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yingjin Wang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Adrian Mikitisin
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob Puchhammer
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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2
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Qiu W, Gehre C, Nepomuceno JP, Bao Y, Li Z, Müller R, Qin XH. Coumarin-Based Photodegradable Hydrogels Enable Two-Photon Subtractive Biofabrication at 300 mm s -1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404599. [PMID: 39023389 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controlled two-photon photodegradation of hydrogels has gained increasing attention for high-precision subtractive tissue engineering. However, conventional photolabile hydrogels often have poor efficiency upon two-photon excitation in the near-infrared (NIR) region and thus require high laser dosage that may compromise cell activity. As a result, high-speed two-photon hydrogel erosion in the presence of cells remains challenging. Here we introduce the design and synthesis of efficient coumarin-based photodegradable hydrogels to overcome these limitations. A set of photolabile coumarin-functionalized polyethylene glycol linkers are synthesized through a Passerini multicomponent reaction. After mixing these linkers with thiolated hyaluronic acid, semi-synthetic photodegradable hydrogels are formed in situ via Michael addition crosslinking. The efficiency of photodegradation in these hydrogels is significantly higher than that in nitrobenzyl counterparts upon two-photon irradiation at 780 nm. A complex microfluidic network mimicking the bone microarchitecture is successfully fabricated in preformed coumarin hydrogels at high speeds of up to 300 mm s-1 and low laser dosage down to 10 mW. Further, we demonstrate fast two-photon printing of hollow microchannels inside a hydrogel to spatiotemporally direct cell migration in 3D. Collectively, these hydrogels may open new avenues for fast laser-guided tissue fabrication at high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Qiu
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 39, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gehre
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 39, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yinyin Bao
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhiquan Li
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 39, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Hua Qin
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 39, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Poudel A, Kunwar P, Aryal U, Merife AB, Soman P. CELLNET technology: Spatially organized, functional 3D networks at single cell resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603216. [PMID: 39071406 PMCID: PMC11275935 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Cells possess the remarkable ability to generate tissue-specific 3D interconnected networks and respond to a wide range of stimuli. Understanding the link between the spatial arrangement of individual cells and their networks' emergent properties is necessary for the discovery of both fundamental biology as well as applied therapeutics. However, current methods spanning from lithography to 3D photo-patterning to acoustofluidic devices are unable to generate interconnected and organized single cell 3D networks within native extracellular matrix (ECM). To address this challenge, we report a novel technology coined as CELLNET. This involves the generation of crosslinked collagen within multi-chambered microfluidic devices followed by femtosecond laser ablation of 3D microchannel networks and cell seeding. Using model cells, we show that cell migrate within ablated networks within hours, self-organize and form viable, interconnected, 3D networks in custom architectures such as square grid, concentric circle, parallel lines, and spiral patterns. Heterotypic CELLNETs can also be generated by seeding multiple cell types in side-chambers of the devices. The functionality of cell networks can be studied by monitoring the real-time calcium signaling response of individual cells and signal propagation within CELLNETs when subjected to flow stimulus alone or a sequential combination of flow and biochemical stimuli. Furthermore, user-defined disrupted CELLNETs can be generated by lethally injuring target cells within the 3D network and analyzing the changes in their signaling dynamics. As compared to the current self-assembly based methods that exhibit high variability and poor reproducibility, CELLNETs can generate organized 3D single-cell networks and their real-time signaling responses to a range of stimuli can be accurately captured using simple cell seeding and easy-to-handle microfluidic devices. CELLNET, a new technology agnostic of cell types, ECM formulations, 3D cell-connectivity designs, or location and timing of network disruptions, could pave the way to address a range of fundamental and applied bioscience applications. Teaser New technology to generate 3D single cell interconnected and disrupted networks within natural extracellular matrix in custom configurations.
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4
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Khodadadi Yazdi M, Seidi F, Hejna A, Zarrintaj P, Rabiee N, Kucinska-Lipka J, Saeb MR, Bencherif SA. Tailor-Made Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4193-4230. [PMID: 38958361 PMCID: PMC11253104 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (PSAs) are carbohydrate-based macromolecules widely used in the biomedical field, either in their pure form or in blends/nanocomposites with other materials. The relationship between structure, properties, and functions has inspired scientists to design multifunctional PSAs for various biomedical applications by incorporating unique molecular structures and targeted bulk properties. Multiple strategies, such as conjugation, grafting, cross-linking, and functionalization, have been explored to control their mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, degradability, rheological features, and stimuli-responsiveness. For instance, custom-made PSAs are known for their worldwide biomedical applications in tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, the remarkable advancements in supramolecular engineering and chemistry have paved the way for mission-oriented biomaterial synthesis and the fabrication of customized biomaterials. These materials can synergistically combine the benefits of biology and chemistry to tackle important biomedical questions. Herein, we categorize and summarize PSAs based on their synthesis methods, and explore the main strategies used to customize their chemical structures. We then highlight various properties of PSAs using practical examples. Lastly, we thoroughly describe the biomedical applications of tailor-made PSAs, along with their current existing challenges and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Division
of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied
Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Advanced
Materials Center, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu
Co−Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization
of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest
Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry
University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Aleksander Hejna
- Institute
of Materials Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, PL-61-138 Poznań, Poland
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State
University, 420 Engineering
North, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department
of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Justyna Kucinska-Lipka
- Department
of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University
of Gdańsk, J.
Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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5
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Jiang J, Xu S, Ma H, Li C, Huang Z. Photoresponsive hydrogel-based soft robot: A review. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100657. [PMID: 37229213 PMCID: PMC10205512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft robots have received a lot of attention because of their great human-robot interaction and environmental adaptability. Most soft robots are currently limited in their applications due to wired drives. Photoresponsive soft robotics is one of the most effective ways to promote wireless soft drives. Among the many soft robotics materials, photoresponsive hydrogels have received a lot of attention due to their good biocompatibility, ductility, and excellent photoresponse properties. This paper visualizes and analyzes the research hotspots in the field of hydrogels using the literature analysis tool Citespace, demonstrating that photoresponsive hydrogel technology is currently a key research direction. Therefore, this paper summarizes the current state of research on photoresponsive hydrogels in terms of photochemical and photothermal response mechanisms. The progress of the application of photoresponsive hydrogels in soft robots is highlighted based on bilayer, gradient, orientation, and patterned structures. Finally, the main factors influencing its application at this stage are discussed, including the development directions and insights. Advancement in photoresponsive hydrogel technology is crucial for its application in the field of soft robotics. The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods and structures should be considered in different application scenarios to select the best design scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shuainan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Harbin Branch of Taili Communication Technology Limited, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Changpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
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6
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Kubota H, Ouchi M. Rapid and Selective Photo-degradation of Polymers: Design of an Alternating Copolymer with an o-Nitrobenzyl Ether Pendant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217365. [PMID: 36522304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of polymers with on-demand degradability is required to alleviate the current global issues on polymer-waste pollution. Therefore, we designed a vinyl ether monomer with an o-nitrobenzyl (oNBn) group as a photo-deprotectable pendant (oNBnVE) and synthesized an alternating copolymer with an oNBn-capped acetal backbone via cationic copolymerization with p-tolualdehyde (pMeBzA). The resultant alternating copolymer could be rapidly degraded into lower-molecular-weight compounds upon simple exposure to UV irradiation without any reactants or catalysts, while it was sufficiently stable toward heat and ambient light. This degradation proceeds via cleavage of the hemiacetal structure generated upon photo-deprotection of the oNBn pendant. The oNBn-peculiar degradability allowed the exclusive photo-degradation of the oNBnVE/pMeBzA segments in a diblock copolymer composed of oNBnVE/pMeBzA and benzyl vinyl ether (BnVE)/pMeBzA segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kubota
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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7
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Su M, Ruan L, Dong X, Tian S, Lang W, Wu M, Chen Y, Lv Q, Lei L. Current state of knowledge on intelligent-response biological and other macromolecular hydrogels in biomedical engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:472-492. [PMID: 36549612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because intelligent hydrogels have good biocompatibility, a rapid response, and good degradability as well as a stimulus response mode that is rich, hydrophilic, and similar to the softness and elasticity of living tissue, they have received widespread attention and are widely used in biomedical engineering. In this article, we conduct a systematic review of the use of smart hydrogels in biomedical engineering. First, we introduce the properties and applications of hydrogels and compare the similarities and differences between traditional hydrogels and smart hydrogels. Secondly, we summarize the intelligent hydrogel types, the mechanisms of action used by different hydrogels, and the materials for preparing different types of hydrogels, such as the materials for the preparation of temperature-responsive hydrogels, which mainly include gelatin, carrageenan, agarose, amylose, etc.; summarize the morphologies of different hydrogels, such as films, fibers and microspheres; and summarize the application of smart hydrogels in biomedical engineering, such as for the delivery of proteins, antibiotics, deoxyribonucleic acid, etc. Finally, we summarize the shortcomings of current research and present future prospects for smart hydrogels. The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers engaged in related fields with a systematic review of the application of intelligent hydrogels in biomedical engineering. We hope that they will get some inspiration from this work to provide new directions for the development of related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrong Su
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Lian Ruan
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Institute of Medicine Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Shujing Tian
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Wen Lang
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin 537000, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of System Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China.
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8
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Hrynevich A, Li Y, Cedillo-Servin G, Malda J, Castilho M. (Bio)fabrication of microfluidic devices and organs-on-a-chip. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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9
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Zandrini T, Florczak S, Levato R, Ovsianikov A. Breaking the resolution limits of 3D bioprinting: future opportunities and present challenges. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:604-614. [PMID: 36513545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting aims to produce 3D structures from which embedded cells can receive mechanical and chemical stimuli that influence their behavior, direct their organization and migration, and promote differentiation, in a similar way to what happens within the native extracellular matrix. However, limited spatial resolution has been a bottleneck for conventional 3D bioprinting approaches. Reproducing fine features at the cellular scale, while maintaining a reasonable printing volume, is necessary to enable the biofabrication of more complex and functional tissue and organ models. In this opinion article we recount the emergence of, and discuss the most promising, high-definition (HD) bioprinting techniques to achieve this goal, discussing which obstacles remain to be overcome, and which applications are envisioned in the tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Zandrini
- 3D Printing and Biofabrication Group, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration (https://www.tissue-regeneration.at)
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht and Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- 3D Printing and Biofabrication Group, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration (https://www.tissue-regeneration.at).
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10
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Erben A, Hörning M, Hartmann B, Becke T, Eisler SA, Southan A, Cranz S, Hayden O, Kneidinger N, Königshoff M, Lindner M, Tovar GEM, Burgstaller G, Clausen‐Schaumann H, Sudhop S, Heymann M. Precision 3D-Printed Cell Scaffolds Mimicking Native Tissue Composition and Mechanics. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000918. [PMID: 33025765 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dynamics are modeled by the 3D architecture and mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and vice versa. These bidirectional cell-ECM interactions are the basis for all vital tissues, many of which have been investigated in 2D environments over the last decades. Experimental approaches to mimic in vivo cell niches in 3D with the highest biological conformity and resolution can enable new insights into these cell-ECM interactions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion assays. Here, two-photon stereolithography is adopted to print up to mm-sized high-precision 3D cell scaffolds at micrometer resolution with defined mechanical properties from protein-based resins, such as bovine serum albumin or gelatin methacryloyl. By modifying the manufacturing process including two-pass printing or post-print crosslinking, high precision scaffolds with varying Young's moduli ranging from 7-300 kPa are printed and quantified through atomic force microscopy. The impact of varying scaffold topographies on the dynamics of colonizing cells is observed using mouse myoblast cells and a 3D-lung microtissue replica colonized with primary human lung fibroblast. This approach will allow for a systematic investigation of single-cell and tissue dynamics in response to defined mechanical and bio-molecular cues and is ultimately scalable to full organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Erben
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Marcel Hörning
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Bastian Hartmann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Tanja Becke
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stephan A. Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 15 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Séverine Cranz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics, TranslaTUM, Campus Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Einsteinstraße 25 Munich 81675 Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine V Ludwig‐Maximillians‐University Munich Marchioninistr. 15 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University of Colorado Department of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine 13001 E. 17th Pl. Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Michael Lindner
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- University Department of Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University Müllner Hauptstraße 48 Salzburg A‐5020 Austria
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC‐M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease (ILBD) Helmholtz Zentrum München Max‐Lebsche‐Platz 31 Munich 81377 Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen‐Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Munich University of Applied Sciences Lothstr. 34 Munich 80533 Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Michael Heymann
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Geschwister‐Scholl Platz 1 Munich 80539 Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics MPI of Biochemistry Martinsried Am Klopferspitz 18 Planegg 82152 Germany
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11
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Becker F, Klaiber M, Franzreb M, Bräse S, Lahann J. On Demand Light-Degradable Polymers Based on 9,10-Dialkoxyanthracenes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000314. [PMID: 32608550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Light induced degradation of polymers has drawn increasing interest due to the need for externally controllable modulation of materials properties. However, the portfolio of polymers, that undergo precisely controllable degradation, is limited and typically requires UV light. A novel class of backbone-degradable polymers that undergo aerobic degradation in the presence of visible light, yet remain stable against broad-spectrum light under anaerobic conditions is reported. In this design, the polymer backbone is comprised of 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene units that are selectively cleaved by singlet oxygen in the presence of green light as confirmed by NMR and UV/vis spectroscopy. The resulting polymers have been processed by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co-jetting into bicompartmental microfibers, where one hemisphere is selectively degraded on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Becker
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Marvin Klaiber
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany.,Biointerfaces Institute and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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12
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Romano A, Roppolo I, Rossegger E, Schlögl S, Sangermano M. Recent Trends in Applying Rrtho-Nitrobenzyl Esters for the Design of Photo-Responsive Polymer Networks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2777. [PMID: 32575481 PMCID: PMC7344511 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymers with light-responsive groups have gained increased attention in the design of functional materials, as they allow changes in polymers properties, on demand, and simply by light exposure. For the synthesis of polymers and polymer networks with photolabile properties, the introduction o-nitrobenzyl alcohol (o-NB) derivatives as light-responsive chromophores has become a convenient and powerful route. Although o-NB groups were successfully exploited in numerous applications, this review pays particular attention to the studies in which they were included as photo-responsive moieties in thin polymer films and functional polymer coatings. The review is divided into four different sections according to the chemical structure of the polymer networks: (i) acrylate and methacrylate; (ii) thiol-click; (iii) epoxy; and (iv) polydimethylsiloxane. We conclude with an outlook of the present challenges and future perspectives of the versatile and unique features of o-NB chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Romano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria; (E.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, Leoben 8700, Austria; (E.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (A.R.); (I.R.)
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13
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Romano A, Angelini A, Rossegger E, Palmara G, Castellino M, Frascella F, Chiappone A, Chiadò A, Sangermano M, Schlögl S, Roppolo I. Laser‐Triggered Writing and Biofunctionalization of Thiol‐Ene Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000084. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Romano
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Angelo Angelini
- Advanced Materials Metrology and Life SciencesIstituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Strada delle Cacce 91 Torino 10135 Italy
| | - Elisabeth Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Gianluca Palmara
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Micaela Castellino
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Francesca Frascella
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiappone
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12 Leoben 8700 Austria
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy
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14
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Batchelor R, Messer T, Hippler M, Wegener M, Barner-Kowollik C, Blasco E. Two in One: Light as a Tool for 3D Printing and Erasing at the Microscale. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904085. [PMID: 31420930 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to selectively remove sections from 3D-printed structures with high resolution remains a current challenge in 3D laser lithography. A novel photoresist is introduced to enable the additive fabrication of 3D microstructures at one wavelength and subsequent spatially controlled cleavage of the printed resist at another wavelength. The photoresist is composed of a difunctional acrylate cross-linker containing a photolabile o-nitrobenzyl ether moiety. 3D microstructures are written by photoinduced radical polymerization of acrylates using Ivocerin as photoinitiator upon exposure to 900 nm laser light. Subsequent scanning using a laser at 700 nm wavelength allows for the selective removal of the resist by photocleaving the o-nitrobenzyl group. Both steps rely on two-photon absorption. The fabricated and erased features are imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM). In addition, a single wire bond is successfully eliminated from an array, proving the possibility of complete or partial removal of structures on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Batchelor
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Messer
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marc Hippler
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St., 4000, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Teasdale I, Theis S, Iturmendi A, Strobel M, Hild S, Jacak J, Mayrhofer P, Monkowius U. Dynamic Supramolecular Ruthenium-Based Gels Responsive to Visible/NIR Light and Heat. Chemistry 2019; 25:9851-9855. [PMID: 31199024 PMCID: PMC6771519 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple supramolecular crosslinked gel is reported with a photosensitive ruthenium bipyridine complex functioning as a crosslinker and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as a macromolecular ligand. Irradiation of the organogels in H2 O/MeOH with visible and NIR light (in a multiphoton process) leads to cleavage of pyridine moieties from the ruthenium complex breaking the cross-links and causing degelation and hence solubilization of the P4VP chains. Real-time (RT) photorheology experiments of thin films showed a rapid degelation in several seconds, whereas larger bulk samples could also be photocleaved. Furthermore, the gels could be reformed or healed by simple heating of the system and restoration of the metal-ligand crosslinks. The relatively simple dynamic system with a high sensitivity towards light in the visible and NIR region make them interesting positive photoresists for nano/micropatterning applications, as was demonstrated by writing, erasing, and rewriting of the gels by single- and multiphoton lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Sabrina Theis
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Moritz Strobel
- Institute of Polymer ScienceJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Sabine Hild
- Institute of Polymer ScienceJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social SciencesUniversity of Applied Sciences Upper AustriaGarnisonstraße 214020LinzAustria
| | - Philipp Mayrhofer
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social SciencesUniversity of Applied Sciences Upper AustriaGarnisonstraße 214020LinzAustria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of EducationJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 694040LinzAustria
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16
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Dobos A, Steiger W, Theiner D, Gruber P, Lunzer M, Van Hoorick J, Van Vlierberghe S, Ovsianikov A. Screening of two-photon activated photodynamic therapy sensitizers using a 3D osteosarcoma model. Analyst 2019; 144:3056-3063. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro screening platform for high-throughput profiling and comparison of two-photon photodynamic therapy sensitizers was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dobos
- TU Wien
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Wolfgang Steiger
- TU Wien
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Dominik Theiner
- TU Wien
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Peter Gruber
- TU Wien
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Markus Lunzer
- TU Wien
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Ghent University
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Ghent University
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- TU Wien
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
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