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Vaidya AJ, Rammohan M, Lee YH, Lee KZ, Chou CY, Hartley Z, Scott CA, Susler RG, Wang L, Loesch-Fries LS, Harris MT, Solomon KV. Engineering Alkaline-Stable Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus-Like Particles for Efficient Surface Modification. Biochem Eng J 2023; 199:109062. [PMID: 37692450 PMCID: PMC10486258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Viruses and virus-like particles are powerful templates for materials synthesis because of their capacity for precise protein engineering and diverse surface functionalization. We recently developed a recombinant bacterial expression system for the production of barley stripe mosaic virus-like particles (BSMV VLPs). However, the applicability of this biotemplate was limited by low stability in alkaline conditions and a lack of chemical handles for ligand attachment. Here, we identify and validate novel residues in the BSMV Caspar carboxylate clusters that mediate virion disassembly through repulsive interactions at high pH. Point mutations of these residues to create attractive interactions that increase rod length ~2 fold, with an average rod length of 91 nm under alkaline conditions. To enable diverse chemical surface functionalization, we also introduce reactive lysine residues at the C-terminus of BSMV coat protein, which is presented on the VLP surface. Chemical conjugation reactions with this lysine proceed more quickly under alkaline conditions. Thus, our alkaline-stable VLP mutants are more suitable for rapid surface functionalization of long nanorods. This work validates novel residues involved in BSMV VLP assembly and demonstrates the feasibility of chemical functionalization of BSMV VLPs for the first time, enabling novel biomedical and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash J. Vaidya
- 150 Academy St, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Mruthula Rammohan
- 150 Academy St, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- 480 Stadium Mall Drive, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Kok Zhi Lee
- 225 South University Street, Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, United States
- 1203 West State Street, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
| | - Che-yu Chou
- 480 Stadium Mall Drive, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Zachary Hartley
- 915 West State Street, Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology Program, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Corren A. Scott
- 480 Stadium Mall Drive, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Rachel G. Susler
- 480 Stadium Mall Drive, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Longfei Wang
- 915 West State Street, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - L. Sue Loesch-Fries
- 915 West State Street, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Michael T. Harris
- 480 Stadium Mall Drive, School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Kevin V. Solomon
- 150 Academy St, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- 225 South University Street, Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2093, United States
- 1203 West State Street, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, United States
- 500 Central Drive, Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering (LORRE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2022, United States
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Zeng R, Lv C, Wang C, Zhao G. Bionanomaterials based on protein self-assembly: Design and applications in biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 52:107835. [PMID: 34520791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Elegant protein assembly to generate new biomaterials undergoes extremely rapid development for wide extension of biotechnology applications, which can be a powerful tool not only for creating nanomaterials but also for advancing understanding of the structure of life. Unique biological properties of proteins bestow these artificial biomaterials diverse functions that can permit them to be applied in encapsulation, bioimaging, biocatalysis, biosensors, photosynthetic apparatus, electron transport, magnetogenetic applications, vaccine development and antibodies design. This review gives a perspective view of the latest advances in the construction of protein-based nanomaterials. We initially start with distinguishable, specific interactions to construct sundry nanomaterials through protein self-assembly and concisely expound the assembly mechanism from the design strategy. And then, the design and construction of 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D protein assembled nanomaterials are especially highlighted. Furthermore, the potential applications have been discussed in detail. Overall, this review will illustrate how to fabricate highly sophisticated nanomaterials oriented toward applications in biotechnology based on the rules of supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zeng
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenyan Lv
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, No. 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
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