1
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Kim SM, Kang SH, Lee J, Heo Y, Poloniataki EG, Kang J, Yoon HJ, Kong SY, Yun Y, Kim H, Ryu J, Lee HH, Kim YH. Identifying a key spot for electron mediator-interaction to tailor CO dehydrogenase's affinity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2732. [PMID: 38548760 PMCID: PMC10979024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fe‒S cluster-harboring enzymes, such as carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODH), employ sophisticated artificial electron mediators like viologens to serve as potent biocatalysts capable of cleaning-up industrial off-gases at stunning reaction rates. Unraveling the interplay between these enzymes and their associated mediators is essential for improving the efficiency of CODHs. Here we show the electron mediator-interaction site on ChCODHs (Ch, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans) using a systematic approach that leverages the viologen-reactive characteristics of superficial aromatic residues. By enhancing mediator-interaction (R57G/N59L) near the D-cluster, the strategically tailored variants exhibit a ten-fold increase in ethyl viologen affinity relative to the wild-type without sacrificing the turn-over rate (kcat). Viologen-complexed structures reveal the pivotal positions of surface phenylalanine residues, serving as external conduits for the D-cluster to/from viologen. One variant (R57G/N59L/A559W) can treat a broad spectrum of waste gases (from steel-process and plastic-gasification) containing O2. Decoding mediator interactions will facilitate the development of industrially high-efficient biocatalysts encompassing gas-utilizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Min Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Heuck Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonyoung Heo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eleni G Poloniataki
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaejin Yun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungki Ryu
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hwan Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wu JR, Wu G, Li D, Yang YW. Macrocycle-Based Crystalline Supramolecular Assemblies Built with Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218142. [PMID: 36651562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic macrocycles have served as principal tools for supramolecular chemistry, have greatly extended the scope of organic charge transfer (CT) complexes, and have proved to be of great practical value in the solid state during the past few years. In this Minireview, we summarize the research progress on the macrocycle-based crystalline supramolecular assemblies primarily driven by intermolecular CT interactions (a.k.a. macrocycle-based crystalline CT assemblies, MCCAs for short), which are classified by their donor-acceptor (D-A) constituent elements, including simplex macrocyclic hosts, heterogeneous macrocyclic hosts, and host-guest D-A pairs. Particular attention will be focused on their diverse functions and applications, as well as the underlying CT mechanisms from the perspective of crystal engineering. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospects are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Gengxin Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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3
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Chen X, Mao H, Feng Y, Cai K, Shen D, Wu H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Chen H, Song B, Jiao Y, Wu Y, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Radically Enhanced Dual Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Haochuan Mao
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dengke Shen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei 230601 China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215 China
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4
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Chen XY, Mao H, Feng Y, Cai K, Shen D, Wu H, Zhang L, Zhao X, Chen H, Song B, Jiao Y, Wu Y, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Radically Enhanced Dual Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25454-25462. [PMID: 34342116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Complexation between a viologen radical cation (V.+ ) and cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) diradical dication (CBPQT2(.+) ) has been investigated and utilized extensively in the construction of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) and artificial molecular machines (AMMs). The selective recognition of a pair of V.+ using radical-pairing interactions, however, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the efficient encapsulation of two methyl viologen radical cations (MV.+ ) in a size-matched bisradical dicationic host - namely, cyclobis(paraquat-2,6-naphthalene)2(.+) , i.e., CBPQN2(.+) . Central to this dual recognition process was the choice of 2,6-bismethylenenaphthalene linkers for incorporation into the bisradical dicationic host. They provide the space between the two bipyridinium radical cations in CBPQN2(.+) suitable for binding two MV.+ with relatively short (3.05-3.25 Å) radical-pairing distances. The size-matched bisradical dicationic host was found to exhibit highly selective and cooperative association with the two MV.+ in MeCN at room temperature. The formation of the tetrakisradical tetracationic inclusion complex - namely, [(MV)2 ⊂CBPQN]4( .+) - in MeCN was confirmed by VT 1 H NMR, as well as by EPR spectroscopy. The solid-state superstructure of [(MV)2 ⊂CBPQN]4( .+) reveals an uneven distribution of the binding distances (3.05, 3.24, 3.05 Å) between the three different V.+ , suggesting that localization of the radical-pairing interactions has a strong influence on the packing of the two MV.+ inside the bisradical dicationic host. Our findings constitute a rare example of binding two radical guests with high affinity and cooperativity using host-guest radical-pairing interactions. Moreover, they open up possibilities of harnessing the tetrakisradical tetracationic inclusion complex as a new, orthogonal and redox-switchable recognition motif for the construction of MIMs and AMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Haochuan Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dengke Shen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, China
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5
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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6
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Self-Assembled Bis(β-cyclodextrin)-Linked Pyrene/Bis(adamantane)-Linked Methyl Viologen Donor-Acceptor System in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4428-4437. [PMID: 33887907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene linked to two β-CD (CD = cyclodextrin; PY = pyrene) molecules (CD-PY-CD) and methylviologen (MV2+) linked to two adamantane (AD) groups (AD-MV2+-AD) self-assembled in water to give toroidal nanostructures. Photoprocesses taking place in the femtosecond and nanosecond time ranges within the assembly are reported. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched in the toroid, suggesting very efficient electron transfer. Fast quenching of the pyrene fluorescence with a time constant of 6.85 ns was attributed to photoinduced electron transfer from pyrene to methyl viologen within the toroid assembly. Electron transfer leads to the formation of radical ion products, PY•+ and MV•+, which were identified in the nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Because of the close packing of chromophores, the radical ions undergo fast reactions with chromophores or similar ions in adjacent stacks to give dimeric products. Since the dimeric species are not very stable, the reactions are reversed at longer time scales to generate the radical ions, which then undergo back electron transfer and regenerate the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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7
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Yang X, Li J, Jiang S, Xie P, Liu G, Zheng X, Cao Z, Zheng X, Zou D, Wu Y, An W. Light driven molecular lock comprises a Ru(bpy) 2(hpip) complex and cucurbit[8]uril. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8444-8449. [PMID: 35423371 PMCID: PMC8695200 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, complex 1 ([Ru(bpy)2(hpip)]2+-MV2+) and CB[8] can form a stable 1 : 1 inclusion complex in aqueous solution, resembling a U-shaped conformation. Upon light irradiation, two complex 1 were reversibly locked through the formation of a MV˙+ radical dimer that is stabilized in the cavity of CB[8] with Ru complexes as blockers, in which complex 1 was transformed from a U-shaped conformation to a interlocked complex. This study provided a feasible strategy for the fabrication of a photo-driven supramolecular machine resembling a "lock".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yang
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
- Department of Basic, The PLA Information Engineering University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Puhui Xie
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Zhanqi Cao
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Xianfu Zheng
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 Henan P. R. China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052 Henan P. R. China
| | - Wankai An
- The College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
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8
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Brunet G, Suturina EA, George GPC, Ovens JS, Richardson P, Bucher C, Murugesu M. A Barrel‐Shaped Metal–Organic Blue‐Box Analogue with Photo‐/Redox‐Switchable Behavior. Chemistry 2020; 26:16455-16462. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brunet
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Guillaume P. C. George
- Univ. Lyon ENS de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie CNRS UMR 5182 69342 Lyon France
| | - Jeffrey S. Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Paul Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ. Lyon ENS de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie CNRS UMR 5182 69342 Lyon France
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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9
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Cai K, Mao H, Liu WG, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Zhang L, Shen D, Chen H, Jiao Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Feng Y, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Highly Stable Organic Bisradicals Protected by Mechanical Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7190-7197. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haochuan Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Lindholm Andersen C, Zalibera M, Lušpai K, Christensen MA, Darvasiová D, Lukeš V, Rapta P, Haley MM, Hammerich O, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Tuning Redox Properties and Self-Assembly of Thienoacene-Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1279-1287. [PMID: 31944059 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Turning on and off associations between molecules by a reversible change in their redox states is a convenient way of controlling self-assembly and hence for advancing supramolecular chemistry. Here we present systematic studies on a selection of extended tetrathiafulvalenes with thienoacene spacers. By cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and in situ EPR/UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry, in combination with computations, we have elucidated how the number and orientations of thiophene rings in the spacer between the two dithiafulvene rings influence both the donor strength and association properties. The radical cations and their associates were found to cover a remarkable large region of the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum, but the appearance of the absorption spectrum of the radical cations as well as of the unassociated dications also depended strongly on the exact molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Lindholm Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Lušpai
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikkel A Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Denisa Darvasiová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1253, USA
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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11
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El-Sheshtawy HS, El-Refaey A, El-Khouly ME. Supramolecular off-on-off fluorescent biosensor for total Free thyroid hormones detection based on their differential binding with cucurbit[7]uril to fluorescent perylene derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Zhou F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Guo C, Wang F, Zhang H. Comparative studies on the effect of CB[8] on the charge transfer interaction. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Pazos E, Novo P, Peinador C, Kaifer AE, García MD. Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])‐Based Supramolecular Switches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:403-416. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pazos
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spain
| | - Paula Novo
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spain
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 USA
| | - Marcos D. García
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spain
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14
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Pazos E, Novo P, Peinador C, Kaifer AE, García MD. Supramolekulare Schalter auf der Basis von Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pazos
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spanien
| | - Paula Novo
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spanien
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spanien
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33124 USA
| | - Marcos D. García
- Departamento de Química Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña 15071, A Coruña Spanien
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15
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Zou H, Liu J, Li Y, Li X, Wang X. Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Polymers and Polymer Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802234. [PMID: 30168673 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) is unique and notable in the cucurbit[n]uril family, since it has a relatively large cavity and thus is able to simultaneously accommodate two guest molecules. Typically, an electron-deficient first guest and an electron-rich second guest can be bound by CB[8] to form a stable 1:1:1 heteroternary supramolecular complex. Additionally, two homo guests can also be strongly dimerized inside the cavity of CB[8] to form a 2:1 homoternary supramolecular complex. During the past decade, by combining polymer science and CB[8] host-guest chemistry, a variety of systems have been established to construct supramolecular polymers with polymer chains typically at the nanoscale/sub-microscale, and CB[8]-based micro/nanostructured polymer materials in the form of polymer networks and hydrogels, microcapsules, micelles, vesicles, and colloidal particles, normally in solution and occasionally on surfaces. This Review summarizes the noncovalent interactions and strategies used for the preparation of CB[8]-based polymers and polymer materials with a focus on the representative and latest developments, followed by a brief discussion of their characterization, properties, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
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16
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Tang Q, Zhang J, Sun T, Wang CH, Huang Y, Zhou Q, Wei G. A turn-on supramolecular fluorescent probe for sensing benzimidazole fungicides and its application in living cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:372-376. [PMID: 29055754 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A cucurbit[8]uril-based turn-on supramolecular fluorescent probe between cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) and pyronine Y (PyY) (designated 2PyY@Q[8]) in acidic aqueous solution showed a remarkable fluorescence 'turn-on' response to benzimidazole fungicides such as thiabendazole, fuberidazole and carbendazim. The 2PyY@Q[8] fluorescent probe can be used to detect benzimidazole fungicides with high sensitivity and selectivity with a detection limit of ~10-8mol/L. A good linear relationship of emission intensity at ~580nm for benzimidazole fungicides at concentrations of 0.4-5.0μmol/L was observed. The proposed sensing mechanism was investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The cell imaging study showed that the 2PyY@Q[8] complex could be used to image benzimidazole fungicide in prostate cancer (PC3) cells, which may help to elucidate relevant biological processes at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Guizhou High Performance Computational Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Wang
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Huang
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Qingdi Zhou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gang Wei
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sinn
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland/Germany
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland/Germany
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18
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Fukino T, Yamagishi H, Aida T. Redox-Responsive Molecular Systems and Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603888. [PMID: 27990693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox reactions can alter the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of molecules and their ensembles by adding or removing electrons. Here, the developments made over the past 10 years using molecular events are discussed, such as assembly/disassembly, transformation of ensembles, geometric changes, and molecular motions that are designed to be redox-responsive. Considerable progress has occurred in the application of these events to the realization of electronic memory, color displays, actuators, adhesives, and drug delivery. In these cases, systems behave in either a highly or a poorly correlated manner depending on the number of redox-active units involved, based on the method of integration. One of the great advantages of redox-responsive devices and materials is that they have the potential to be readily integrated into existing electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Marchini M, Baroncini M, Bergamini G, Ceroni P, D'Angelantonio M, Franchi P, Lucarini M, Negri F, Szreder T, Venturi M. Hierarchical Growth of Supramolecular Structures Driven by Pimerization of Tetrahedrally Arranged Bipyridinium Units. Chemistry 2017; 23:6380-6390. [PMID: 28263437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A shape-persistent molecule, featuring four bipyridinium units, has been synthesized that upon reduction undergoes intermolecular pimerization because of the rigid architecture of the molecule. The pimerization process has been investigated by a variety of techniques, such as absorption measurements, EPR spectroscopy, as well as gamma and pulse radiolysis, and compared with the behavior of a model compound. Computational studies have also been performed to support the experimental data. The most interesting feature of the tetramer is that pimerization occurs only above a threshold concentration of monoreduced species, on the contrary to the model compound. Furthermore, there is an increase of the apparent pimerization constant by increasing the concentration of reduced bipyridinium units. These results have been interpreted by the fact that pimerization is favored in the tetrahedrally shaped molecule because of a cooperative mechanism. Each multiply reduced molecule can indeed undergo multiple intermolecular interactions that enhance the stabilization of the system, also leading to hierarchical supramolecular growth. The resulting supramolecular system formed by such intermolecular pimerization should exhibit a diamond-like structure, as suggested by a simplified modeling approach. The intermolecular nature of the pimerization process occurring in the tetramer has been demonstrated by measuring the corresponding bimolecular rate constant by pulsed radiolysis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Marchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Present address: Dipartimento di Scienze e, Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar Energy, Bologna Unit, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar Energy, Bologna Unit, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Mila D'Angelantonio
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tomasz Szreder
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar Energy, Bologna Unit, Università di Bologna, Italy
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20
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Mikulu L, Michalicova R, Iglesias V, Yawer MA, Kaifer AE, Lubal P, Sindelar V. pH Control on the Sequential Uptake and Release of Organic Cations by Cucurbit[7]uril. Chemistry 2017; 23:2350-2355. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mikulu
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michalicova
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vivian Iglesias
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33124-0431 USA
| | - Mirza A. Yawer
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- RECETOX; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; Coral Gables FL 33124-0431 USA
| | - Premysl Lubal
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC); Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Sindelar
- Department of Chemistry; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- RECETOX; Masaryk University; Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
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21
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Abstract
Principles rooted in supramolecular chemistry have empowered new and highly functional therapeutics and drug delivery devices. This general approach offers elegant tools rooted in molecular and materials engineered to address the many challenges faced in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame IN 46556
- USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
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22
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Photocatalysis of viologens for photoinitiated polymerization using carboxylic acid as electron donors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Qi Q, Yang B, Xi CG, Yang X, Zhang DW, Liu S, Li ZT. Doubly, Triply and Multiply Pleated Sheets of Bipyridinium Radical Cation-Incorporated Polymers Tuned by Four Cucurbiturils. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng-Gang Xi
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xiran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
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24
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Serrano MAC, He H, Zhao B, Ramireddy RR, Vachet RW, Thayumanavan S. Polymer-mediated ternary supramolecular interactions for sensitive detection of peptides. Analyst 2016; 142:118-122. [PMID: 27874898 PMCID: PMC5167624 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01591c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A combination of donor-acceptor and electrostatic interactions in a three-component supramolecular system has been shown to form the basis for selective and sensitive detection of peptides. Different substituents in the polymer and the detection matrix were compared to demonstrate that the favorable donor-acceptor interactions explain the observed signal enhancement. The ternary supramolecular interactions discovered in this work are enabled by the self-packing behavior of amphiphilic homopolymers and their ability to mediate interactions between the detection matrix and peptide that facilitate sensitive detection of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalia A C Serrano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9336, USA.
| | - Huan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9336, USA.
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9336, USA.
| | | | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9336, USA.
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9336, USA.
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25
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26
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Zhu L, Zhu M, Zhao Y. Controlled Movement of Cucurbiturils in Host-Guest Systems. Chempluschem 2016; 82:30-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore
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27
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Abstract
On the basis of many literature measurements, a critical overview is given on essential noncovalent interactions in synthetic supramolecular complexes, accompanied by analyses with selected proteins. The methods, which can be applied to derive binding increments for single noncovalent interactions, start with the evaluation of consistency and additivity with a sufficiently large number of different host-guest complexes by applying linear free energy relations. Other strategies involve the use of double mutant cycles, of molecular balances, of dynamic combinatorial libraries, and of crystal structures. Promises and limitations of these strategies are discussed. Most of the analyses stem from solution studies, but a few also from gas phase. The empirically derived interactions are then presented on the basis of selected complexes with respect to ion pairing, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic contributions, halogen bonding, π-π-stacking, dispersive forces, cation-π and anion-π interactions, and contributions from the hydrophobic effect. Cooperativity in host-guest complexes as well as in self-assembly, and entropy factors are briefly highlighted. Tables with typical values for single noncovalent free energies and polarity parameters are in the Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes , D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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28
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Xu L, Yang HB. Our Expedition in Linear Neutral Platinum-Acetylide Complexes: The Preparation of Micro/nanostructure Materials, Complicated Topologies, and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1274-97. [PMID: 27097565 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the construction of various kinds of platinum-acetylide complexes has attracted considerable attention, because of their wide applications in photovoltaic cells, non-linear optics, and bio-imaging materials. Among these platinum-acetylide complexes, the linear neutral platinum-acetylide complexes, due to their attractive properties, such as well-defined linear geometry, synthetic accessibility, and intriguing photoproperties, have emerged as a rising star in this field. In this personal account, we will discuss how we entered the field of linear neutral platinum-acetylide chemistry and what we found in this field. The preparation of various types of linear neutral platinum-acetylide complexes and their applications in the areas of micro/nanostructure materials, complicated topologies, and dye-sensitized solar cells will be summarized in this account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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29
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Yu Z, Zheng Y, Parker RM, Lan Y, Wu Y, Coulston RJ, Zhang J, Scherman OA, Abell C. Microfluidic Droplet-Facilitated Hierarchical Assembly for Dual Cargo Loading and Synergistic Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8811-20. [PMID: 26982167 PMCID: PMC4838949 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up hierarchical assembly has emerged as an elaborate and energy-efficient strategy for the fabrication of smart materials. Herein, we present a hierarchical assembly process, whereby linear amphiphilic block copolymers are self-assembled into micelles, which in turn are accommodated at the interface of microfluidic droplets via cucurbit[8]uril-mediated host-guest chemistry to form supramolecular microcapsules. The monodisperse microcapsules can be used for simultaneous carriage of both organic (Nile Red) and aqueous-soluble (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran) cargo. Furthermore, the well-defined compartmentalized structure benefits from the dynamic nature of the supramolecular interaction and offers synergistic delivery of cargos with triggered release or through photocontrolled porosity. This demonstration of premeditated hierarchical assembly, where interactions from the molecular to microscale are designed, illustrates the power of this route toward accessing the next generation of functional materials and encapsulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zheng
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Lan
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J Coulston
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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30
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Awino JK, Hu L, Zhao Y. Molecularly Responsive Binding through Co-occupation of Binding Space: A Lock-Key Story. Org Lett 2016; 18:1650-3. [PMID: 27001464 PMCID: PMC4849124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When two guest molecules co-occupy a binding pocket of a water-soluble host, the first guest could be used as a signal molecule to turn on the binding of the second. This type of molecularly responsive binding strongly depends on the size of the two guests and the location of the signal molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Awino
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Lan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
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31
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Madasamy K, Kathiresan M. Dimeric and Star-Shaped Viologens: Synthesis and Capping interactions with β-cyclodextrin. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanagaraj Madasamy
- Electro Organic Division; CSIR-Central ElectroChemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630003 TamilNadu INDIA
| | - Murugavel Kathiresan
- Electro Organic Division; CSIR-Central ElectroChemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630003 TamilNadu INDIA
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32
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Bi J, Zeng X, Tian D, Li H. Temperature-Responsive Switch Constructed from an Anthracene-Functionalized Pillar[5]arene-Based Host–Guest System. Org Lett 2016; 18:1092-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahai Bi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Demei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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33
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Ahmed S, Singha N, Pramanik B, Mondal JH, Das D. Redox controlled reversible transformation of a supramolecular alternating copolymer to a radical cation containing homo-polymer. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Viologen-tryptophan ternary complexation inside CB[8] is used to prepare a supramolecular polymer which show redox controlled transformation from homo polymer to hetero polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Kamrup
- India
| | - Nilotpal Singha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Kamrup
- India
| | - Bapan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Kamrup
- India
| | | | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Kamrup
- India
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34
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Barrow SJ, Kasera S, Rowland MJ, del Barrio J, Scherman OA. Cucurbituril-Based Molecular Recognition. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12320-406. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1188] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Barrow
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Setu Kasera
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Rowland
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús del Barrio
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville
Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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35
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Xu JF, Chen L, Zhang X. How to Make Weak Noncovalent Interactions Stronger. Chemistry 2015; 21:11938-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Xia W, Ni M, Yao C, Wang X, Chen D, Lin C, Hu XY, Wang L. Responsive Gel-like Supramolecular Network Based on Pillar[6]arene–Ferrocenium Recognition Motifs in Polymeric Matrix. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mengfei Ni
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chenhao Yao
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongzhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, and ‡Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology
of MOE, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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37
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Organometallic rotaxane dendrimers with fourth-generation mechanically interlocked branches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5597-601. [PMID: 25902491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500489112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules, such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and knots, have applications in information storage, switching devices, and chemical catalysis. Rotaxanes are dumbbell-shaped molecules that are threaded through a large ring, and the relative motion of the two components along each other can respond to external stimuli. Multiple rotaxane units can amplify responsiveness, and repetitively branched molecules--dendrimers--can serve as vehicles for assembly of many rotaxanes on single, monodisperse compounds. Here, we report the synthesis of higher-generation rotaxane dendrimers by a divergent approach. Linkages were introduced as spacer elements to reduce crowding and to facilitate rotaxane motion, even at the congested periphery of the compounds up to the fourth generation. The structures were characterized by 1D multinuclear ((1)H, (13)C, and (31)P) and 2D NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF-MS, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and microscopy-based methods including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). AFM and TEM studies of rotaxane dendrimers vs. model dendrimers show that the rotaxane units enhance the rigidity and reduce the tendency of these assemblies to collapse by self-folding. Surface functionalization of the dendrimers with ferrocenes as termini produced electrochemically active assemblies. The preparation of dendrimers with a well-defined topological structure, enhanced rigidity, and diverse functional groups opens previously unidentified avenues for the application of these materials in molecular electronics and materials science.
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38
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Competitive recognition between 1:2 ternary complex of zwitterion and H3PO4 towards 3D cucurbit[8]uril frameworks. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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40
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Shinde MN, Dutta Choudhury S, Barooah N, Pal H, Bhasikuttan AC, Mohanty J. Metal-ion-mediated assemblies of thiazole orange with cucurbit[7]uril: a photophysical study. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3815-23. [PMID: 25658219 DOI: 10.1021/jp512802u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of molecular superstructures by metal-ion-mediated noncovalent self-assembly has been demonstrated using the macrocycle, cucurbit[7]uril (CB7), and the dye, thiazole orange (TO), as building blocks. Interestingly, the association of these molecular building blocks can be tuned by the chemical environment, leading to self-assembled structures of different stoichiometries, which is supported by absorption, fluorescence, (1)H NMR, and AFM measurements. Most importantly, the self-assembly process of the CB7/TO/metal ion system is observed to be remarkably different for alkali (Na(+)) and alkaline earth (Ca(2+)) metal ions. Fluorescence enhancement is observed in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, which is attributed to the formation of short dimeric structures composed of two 1:1 CB7-TO complexes. Solution turbidity is detected in the presence of Na(+) ions, which is proposed to be due to the formation of extended structures by the assembly of many 1:1 CB7-TO complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi N Shinde
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mod. Lab., Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
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41
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Zhao J, Zhang YM, Sun HL, Chang XY, Liu Y. Multistimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Assembly of Cucurbituril/Cyclodextrin Pairs with an Azobenzene-Containing Bispyridinium Guest. Chemistry 2014; 20:15108-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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42
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Zhang DW, Tian J, Chen L, Zhang L, Li ZT. Dimerization of Conjugated Radical Cations: An Emerging Non-Covalent Interaction for Self-Assembly. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:56-68. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The cucurbit[n]uril (CBn) host family consists of a group of rigid macrocyclic hosts with barrel-like shapes and limited solubility in aqueous media. These hosts are capable of reaching high binding affinities with positively charged hydrophobic guests. In optimum cases, equilibrium association constant (K) values as high as 10(17) M(-1) have been reported, exceeding the binding affinity of the avidin-biotin host-guest pair. The synthetic CBn receptors have shattered the notion that highly stable noncovalent complexes can form only when one of the partners is a molecule of biological origin. The work described in this Account is concerned with the development of methods geared toward the reversible modulation of the binding affinity of CBn inclusion complexes under mild conditions. A good fraction of the research work has dealt with redox active guests, such as 4,4'-bipyridinium (viologen), ferrocene, and cobaltocenium derivatives. Our experimental results show that the thermodynamics and kinetics of the electron transfer reactions of these compounds can be substantially altered by complexation with CBn hosts, and therefore, electron transfer reactions can be used to exert a measure of control on the overall binding affinity of the CBn complexes. We have also developed systems in which proton transfer reactions have a strong effect on the binding affinity. With more structurally elaborate guests containing more than one adjacent binding sites, proton transfer reactions may affect the average location of the CBn host within the complexes. A series of guest compounds containing paramagnetic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) residues also exhibit interesting binding properties with CB7 and CB8. The latter host forms a very stable host-guest pair with TEMPO subunits, in which the nitroxide group resides inside the host cavity. Finally, with suitable ditopic guests, we have detected distinct microscopic complexes using experimental techniques with relatively slow time scales, such as NMR spectroscopy. These unusual findings are the result of the considerable thermodynamic and kinetic stability of CBn inclusion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel E. Kaifer
- Center
for Supramolecular
Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, United States
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44
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Sun XL, Zhu QY, Mu WQ, Qian LW, Yu L, Wu J, Bian GQ, Dai J. Ion pair charge-transfer thiogermanate salts [MV]2Ge4S10·xSol: solvent induced crystal transformation and photocurrent responsive properties. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:12582-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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45
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Li F, Xu Y, Li H, Wang C, Lu A, Sun S. Discrimination of DNA from RNA with the host–guest complexes of tricyclic basic dyes and cucurbit[8]uril. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Murugavel K. Benzylic viologen dendrimers: a review of their synthesis, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers containing benzylic viologen branching units, their guest complexation, photophysical and biological applications has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Murugavel
- ElectroOrganic Division
- CSIR-CECRI Central Electro Chemical Research Institute
- Karaikkudi-630006, India
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47
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Plamper FA. Changing Polymer Solvation by Electrochemical Means: Basics and Applications. POROUS CARBONS – HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS – POLYMER SOLVATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2014_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Cao L, Hettiarachchi G, Briken V, Isaacs L. Cucurbit[7]uril Containers for Targeted Delivery of Oxaliplatin to Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Cao L, Hettiarachchi G, Briken V, Isaacs L. Cucurbit[7]uril containers for targeted delivery of oxaliplatin to cancer cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12033-7. [PMID: 24039074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
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50
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Ali OA, Olson EM, Urbach AR. Effects of sequence context on the binding of tryptophan-containing peptides by the cucurbit[8]uril–methyl viologen complex. Supramol Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2013.810338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX78212, USA
| | - Eric M. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX78212, USA
| | - Adam R. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX78212, USA
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